328:
38:
80:
1965:
1075:
1953:
354:
indicated the bird was distinctly larger than its
Australian relative. Allowing for the larger size, the measurements indicate that the New Zealand bird also had relatively bigger legs and shorter wings than the Australian, suggesting that it was becoming more sedentary, although still fully capable
363:
The two main fossil sites in which the bird has been found, Lake
Poukawa and Marfells Beach adjacent to Lake Grassmere, are major wetlands, suggesting that New Zealand musk ducks had similar ecological needs to Australian musk ducks, which are almost entirely aquatic, living in large, permanent
342:
The duck was evidently very similar to the
Australian musk duck, though complications in interpreting measurements of the bones arise from the Australian, and apparently the New Zealand birds' strong
477:
2163:
2054:
355:
of flight. The combination of differences in size, shapes, and the relative proportions of the bones confirm that the New
Zealand musk duck was a distinct species.
683:
2148:
2028:
2143:
2153:
632:
573:
448:
296:
at the time, who named it after Dr H. de
Lautour of Oamaru, who helped acquire the specimen. Another paper by Forbes later used the spelling
2158:
676:
606:
372:"De Lautour’s duck probably preyed on crayfish, large insects, molluscs and fish – larger prey than those taken by the other ducks."
2138:
1835:
1558:
289:
1786:
1781:
1776:
669:
1943:
1906:
980:
1747:
79:
1759:
1326:
1314:
1865:
533:
1379:
1367:
1115:
2019:
1981:
1877:
1639:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1168:
1021:
2100:
1742:
1737:
1627:
1471:
1343:
1302:
944:
327:
175:
2079:
1568:
1253:
881:
780:
708:
692:
409:
1698:
1686:
1151:
1139:
1103:
804:
54:
651:
2133:
1969:
1845:
1840:
1661:
1612:
1602:
1217:
1091:
1033:
898:
893:
852:
792:
365:
203:
74:
2105:
1796:
37:
2059:
1074:
2087:
1889:
1860:
1850:
1823:
1710:
1454:
1415:
1173:
915:
903:
869:
840:
828:
768:
720:
628:
602:
579:
569:
454:
444:
343:
238:
2092:
2069:
1923:
1894:
1813:
1727:
1483:
1466:
1045:
756:
529:
472:
417:
393:
285:
194:
1818:
1432:
1355:
932:
265:
1791:
1163:
346:
with males being considerably larger than females. However, an analysis of the available
413:
2128:
1649:
1529:
1500:
1488:
1190:
956:
335:
304:
2122:
1622:
1617:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1524:
351:
1957:
1801:
1644:
1512:
1391:
1265:
1127:
992:
816:
496:
316:
308:
293:
277:
131:
475:(1892). "Preliminary notice of additions to the extinct avifauna of New Zealand".
249:
bones. It was 10 percent larger than its closest living relative, the
Australian
2041:
2013:
1607:
1442:
1229:
303:
Subsequently, additional material was obtained from
Marfells Beach, adjacent to
242:
2004:
1855:
1403:
1331:
744:
235:
63:
1270:
1541:
1241:
968:
583:
458:
250:
246:
91:
1016:
927:
864:
376:
It became extinct in about the 16th century because of hunting by humans.
1998:
1764:
563:
438:
141:
111:
28:
2033:
1057:
661:
307:
at the north-eastern end of the South Island, and described in 1969 by
151:
46:
2046:
398:"On a recent discovery of the remains of extinct birds in New Zealand"
1004:
732:
422:
397:
273:
101:
1975:
326:
1722:
1185:
264:
The first discovery of the fossil remains of the duck, a single
121:
1979:
665:
568:. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 50.
443:. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 50.
1732:
1275:
269:
652:
Reconstruction of New
Zealand musk duck by Paul Martinson.
364:
swamps, lakes and estuaries with deep water to forage in.
478:
Transactions and
Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute
315:. Later finds of musk duck fossils have been made at
1941:
658:, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006.
1988:
1677:
1557:
1431:
1206:
1082:
699:
677:
601:. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press.
311:, who considered the bird to be referable to
256:, with which it has sometimes been combined.
8:
1927:
1910:
1898:
1881:
1869:
1827:
1805:
1768:
1751:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1665:
1653:
1631:
1594:
1572:
1545:
1533:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1475:
1458:
1446:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1194:
1177:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
919:
907:
885:
873:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
280:of New Zealand. It was first described, as
1976:
684:
670:
662:
499:(1969). "The occurrence of the musk duck,
36:
20:
623:Tennyson, A. & Martinson, P. (2006).
421:
2164:Species made extinct by human activities
524:
522:
520:
518:
1948:
385:
334:is morphologically very similar to the
319:and Waikuku Beach on the North Island.
45:Type specimen from the collections of
300:; but the earlier name has priority.
7:
2080:b26bc93c-da38-49e6-a178-17c1b8e61f7b
14:
2149:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
272:bones, was made at Enfield, near
268:associated with large numbers of
1963:
1951:
1836:North Island little spotted kiwi
1073:
78:
2144:Taxa named by Henry Ogg Forbes
1787:North Island stout-legged wren
1782:South Island stout-legged wren
654:Artwork produced for the book
1:
627:. Wellington: Te Papa Press.
562:Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006).
437:Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006).
350:material from New Zealand by
2154:Extinct birds of New Zealand
656:Extinct Birds of New Zealand
625:Extinct Birds of New Zealand
597:Wilson, Kerry-Jayne (2004).
565:Extinct birds of New Zealand
534:"The New Zealand musk duck (
440:Extinct birds of New Zealand
2159:Bird extinctions since 1500
2180:
1907:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
981:South Island oystercatcher
1748:Auckland Island merganser
1071:
503:(Shaw), in New Zealand".
209:
202:
181:
174:
75:Scientific classification
73:
61:
52:
44:
35:
23:
1760:Chatham Island merganser
1327:Northern royal albatross
1315:New Zealand storm petrel
245:. It is only known from
2139:Birds described in 1892
1380:South Island saddleback
1368:North Island saddleback
1344:Orange-fronted parakeet
1116:North Island brown kiwi
16:Extinct species of duck
1928:
1911:
1899:
1882:
1870:
1828:
1806:
1769:
1752:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1666:
1654:
1632:
1595:
1573:
1546:
1534:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1476:
1459:
1447:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1291:New Zealand fairy tern
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1195:
1178:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1022:Variable oystercatcher
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
920:
908:
886:
874:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
374:
339:
288:, the director of the
2101:Paleobiology Database
2070:new-zealand-musk-duck
1919:New Zealand musk duck
1866:Scarlett's shearwater
1743:South Island adzebill
1738:North Island adzebill
1628:Erect-crested penguin
1472:Chatham oystercatcher
1303:New Zealand king shag
945:New Zealand rock wren
370:
330:
224:New Zealand musk duck
27:Temporal range: Late
24:New Zealand musk duck
1569:Antipodean albatross
1559:Subantarctic islands
882:New Zealand dotterel
781:Double-banded plover
693:Birds of New Zealand
336:Australian musk duck
1878:North Island takahē
1753:rakiraki maungahuka
1699:New Zealand bittern
1687:South Island piopio
1640:Reischek's parakeet
1286:South Island kōkako
1281:North Island kōkako
1169:South Island takahē
1152:Yellow-eyed penguin
1140:Southern brown kiwi
1104:Little spotted kiwi
414:1892Natur..45R.416F
284:, in March 1892 by
55:Conservation status
2020:Biziura delautouri
1990:Biziura delautouri
1846:South Island snipe
1841:North Island snipe
1662:Subantarctic snipe
1613:Campbell albatross
1603:Antipodes parakeet
1547:kawau o rangihaute
1218:Black-fronted tern
1092:Great spotted kiwi
1034:White-fronted tern
899:North Island robin
894:South Island robin
853:Long-tailed cuckoo
793:New Zealand falcon
599:Flight of the Huia
536:Biziura delautouri
408:(March): 416–418.
366:Kerry-Jayne Wilson
340:
332:Biziura delautouri
282:Biziura delautouri
228:Biziura delautouri
188:Biziura delautouri
167:B. delautouri
2116:
2115:
2088:Open Tree of Life
1982:Taxon identifiers
1939:
1938:
1890:New Zealand goose
1711:New Zealand quail
1455:Chatham albatross
1174:Fiordland penguin
916:Paradise shelduck
904:New Zealand scaup
841:Sacred kingfisher
829:Grey-faced petrel
721:Black-billed gull
634:978-0-909010-21-8
575:978-0-909010-21-8
530:Worthy, Trevor H.
450:978-0-909010-21-8
344:sexual dimorphism
290:Canterbury Museum
239:stiff-tailed duck
232:de Lautour's duck
230:), also known as
220:
219:
68:
2171:
2109:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1931:
1924:New Zealand swan
1914:
1902:
1885:
1873:
1831:
1809:
1777:Long-billed wren
1772:
1755:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1669:
1657:
1635:
1598:
1576:
1549:
1537:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:Chatham parakeet
1479:
1467:Chatham gerygone
1462:
1450:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1198:
1181:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1012:
1000:
988:
976:
964:
952:
940:
923:
911:
889:
877:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
757:Buff-banded rail
752:
740:
728:
716:
686:
679:
672:
663:
639:
638:
620:
614:
612:
594:
588:
587:
559:
553:
552:
542:
526:
513:
512:
493:
487:
486:
469:
463:
462:
434:
428:
427:
425:
423:10.1038/045416e0
390:
368:speculated that:
298:Biziura lautouri
213:Biziura lautouri
190:
186:
83:
82:
67:
40:
21:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1819:Waitaha penguin
1814:Chatham penguin
1679:
1673:
1561:
1553:
1435:
1433:Chatham Islands
1427:
1356:Red-billed gull
1349:kākāriki karaka
1210:
1208:
1202:
1084:
1078:
1069:
701:
695:
690:
648:
643:
642:
635:
622:
621:
617:
609:
596:
595:
591:
576:
561:
560:
556:
540:
528:
527:
516:
495:
494:
490:
485:(May): 185–189.
471:
470:
466:
451:
436:
435:
431:
392:
391:
387:
382:
361:
325:
286:Dr Henry Forbes
266:tarsometatarsus
262:
198:
192:
184:
183:
170:
77:
69:
57:
31:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2025:
2010:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1960:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1921:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1861:Imber's petrel
1858:
1853:
1851:Forbes's snipe
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1824:Eyles' harrier
1821:
1816:
1811:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1650:Snares penguin
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:tawaki nana hī
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1530:Magenta petrel
1527:
1522:
1510:
1501:Chatham pigeon
1498:
1489:Chatham petrel
1486:
1481:
1469:
1464:
1452:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1183:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
957:Shining cuckoo
954:
942:
930:
925:
913:
901:
896:
891:
879:
867:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
718:
705:
703:
697:
696:
691:
689:
688:
681:
674:
666:
660:
659:
647:
646:External links
644:
641:
640:
633:
615:
607:
589:
574:
554:
538:Forbes, 1892)"
514:
501:Biziura lobata
497:Scarlett, R.J.
488:
464:
449:
429:
384:
383:
381:
378:
360:
357:
324:
321:
305:Lake Grassmere
261:
258:
254:Biziura lobata
218:
217:
216:
215:
207:
206:
200:
199:
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179:
178:
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84:
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62:
59:
58:
53:
50:
49:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1895:Finsch's duck
1893:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
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1830:
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1822:
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1817:
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1798:
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1766:
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1761:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Haast's eagle
1726:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Campbell teal
1621:
1619:
1618:Campbell shag
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1596:tētē kākāriki
1592:
1591:Auckland teal
1589:
1587:
1586:Auckland shag
1584:
1582:
1581:Auckland rail
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Chatham snipe
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1209:endemic birds
1205:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1126:
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1109:kiwi pukupuku
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1802:Laughing owl
1797:Chatham kākā
1792:Lyall's wren
1645:Snares snipe
1513:Chatham shag
1392:Shore plover
1266:Foveaux shag
1191:Blue penguin
1128:Okarito kiwi
993:Spotted shag
921:pūtangitangi
817:Grey warbler
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132:Anseriformes
18:
2042:iNaturalist
2014:Wikispecies
1970:New Zealand
1912:ruru hinapō
1608:Bounty shag
1443:Black robin
1230:Black stilt
1063:ngutuparore
1027:tōrea pango
938:tītipounamu
887:tūturiwhatu
762:moho-pererū
551:(1): 19–28.
323:Description
243:New Zealand
2123:Categories
1900:manutahora
1856:Snipe-rail
1770:mātuhituhi
1416:Yellowhead
1404:Stitchbird
1332:Otago shag
1320:takahikare
1207:Endangered
1083:Flightless
998:pārekareka
810:pīwakawaka
745:Brown teal
380:References
338:(pictured)
241:native to
2134:Oxyurinae
1655:pokotiwha
1542:Pitt shag
1397:tūturuatu
1361:tarāpunga
1308:kawau tūī
1242:Blue duck
1223:tarapiroe
1051:pōpokotea
1046:Whitehead
969:Silvereye
313:B. lobata
251:musk duck
247:subfossil
160:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
2060:11456939
2005:Q7015521
1999:Wikidata
1765:Bushwren
1667:tutukiwi
1296:tara-iti
1254:Fernbird
1211:(flying)
1010:miromiro
950:pīwauwau
933:Rifleman
875:pīhoihoi
822:riroriro
798:kārearea
786:pohowera
769:Dabchick
726:tarāpuka
714:korimako
709:Bellbird
613:, p.114.
584:80016906
545:Notornis
532:(2002).
511:: 57–59.
505:Notornis
459:80016906
396:(1892).
234:, is an
204:Synonyms
142:Anatidae
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
29:Holocene
2093:3595897
2034:4851070
1944:Portals
1829:kērangi
1704:kaoriki
1678:Extinct
1494:ranguru
1145:tokoeka
1058:Wrybill
909:pāpango
858:koekoeā
805:Fantail
410:Bibcode
359:Ecology
348:Biziura
276:in the
260:History
236:extinct
185:†
164:†
153:Biziura
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
64:Extinct
47:Te Papa
2106:370095
2077:NZOR:
2067:NZBO:
2047:201442
1871:ōiruki
1807:whēkau
1716:koreke
1692:piopio
1448:karure
1337:Matapo
1259:mātātā
1196:kororā
1179:tawaki
1164:Kākāpō
1005:Tomtit
974:tauhou
928:Pūkeko
865:Kererū
846:kōtare
774:weweia
750:pāteke
738:pipipi
700:Common
631:
605:
582:
572:
457:
447:
402:Nature
274:Oamaru
197:, 1892
195:Forbes
2129:Ducks
2055:IRMNG
1958:Birds
1929:poūwa
1680:birds
1574:Toroa
1562:birds
1535:tāiko
1518:papua
1506:parea
1477:tōrea
1460:toroa
1436:birds
1421:mōhua
1385:tīeke
1373:tīeke
1157:hoiho
1121:roroa
1097:roroa
1085:birds
986:tōrea
870:Pipit
702:birds
541:(PDF)
2029:GBIF
1883:moho
1723:Huia
1409:hihi
1271:Kākā
1247:whio
1235:kakī
1186:Weka
1133:rowi
1039:tara
629:ISBN
603:ISBN
580:OCLC
570:ISBN
455:OCLC
445:ISBN
222:The
122:Aves
1733:Moa
1276:Kea
1017:Tūī
418:doi
292:in
270:moa
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226:(
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