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was less about protecting editorial diversity within community newspaper markets than about inflating the profit margins of national newspaper chains. Large newspaper chains were able to sustain high profits while driving independent newspapers out of business, or forcing them to sell their stake to a chain. In fact, President
718:(owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non-for-profit corporation) (On Oct. 26. 2020, The Tribune and the Deseret News released their decision to end the generations-long print partnership, as they both decided to reduce print publication to once a week. The JOA had been maintained by the jointly owned
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consolidation of the newspaper industry as a whole, and the decline in readership and interest in evening newspapers in particular, which many observers have attributed to television and the internet, of which the former seems to be magnified by the presence of several 24-hour-a-day news operations on
109:
The
Newspaper Preservation Act was touted as a relief measure to allow multiple newspapers competing in the same market to cut costs, thus ensuring that no one paper could have supremacy in the market by driving the other(s) out of business. However, mounting evidence suggests the passage of the Act
86:
Arrangements similar to this allowed most medium-sized United States cities to have two daily newspapers until fairly recently. The number of joint operating agreements, as well as the number of evening-published daily newspapers, has declined considerably in recent years, due to the ongoing
43:
laws. Its drafters argued that this would allow the survival of multiple daily newspapers in a given urban market where circulation was declining. This exemption stemmed from the observation that the alternative is usually for at least one of the newspapers, generally the one published in the
83:. A joint entity to perform these functions was created, with equal representation on its board from both papers. Newsgathering and editorial operations remained completely separate, although located under one roof in different portions of the same building.
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chain of newspapers and magazines. In the 1969 letter, Berlin intimated that failure of the law to pass would carry political consequences and hinted that support from Nixon would conversely help the
President and his allies. The
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In practice two daily newspapers published in the same city or geographic area combine business operations while maintaining separate—and competitive—news operations.
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75:, signed on February 20, 1933. Their agreement became typical of the type—both papers were printed on the same presses at different times of day.
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1027:"The Publishers' Six Big Lies: A Federal Trial Shows How SF's Daily Newspapers Have Misled the Public for Decades"
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s joint operating agreement became the first to be terminated on August 27, 1966.
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He reversed himself upon receiving a letter from
Richard E. Berlin, CEO of the
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Joint
Operating Agreements: The Newspaper Preservation Act and Its Application
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897:—law professor who campaigned against the Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970
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and its conversion to a website only publication on
December 31, 2007)
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118:) as being antithetical to the essential practices and character of
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initially opposed the passage of the act (as had his predecessor,
223:(owned by Gannett, formerly owned by Buckner News Alliance) and
1078:
843:'x again operated independently until folding in October 1986.
91:. There have been 28 Joint Operating Agreements to date. The
238:
Cities with terminated newspaper joint operating agreements
782:(family owned)—(expired in 2009 with the cessation of the
141:, every Hearst newspaper endorsed Nixon for reelection.
39:
area. It exempted newspapers from certain provisions of
386:) (expired in 2007 with cessation of paper printing of
1109:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
939:"Newspaper Marks 10 Years Since Sales, Merger"
229:(owned by Buckner News Alliance, formerly owned by
563:, Canada, formerly owned by Liberty Newspapers of
360:, merged paper maintains separate editorial pages
1196:United States federal communications legislation
748:) 1999 JOA terminated when Hearst purchased the
145:Cities with newspaper joint operating agreements
55:The first joint operating agreement was between
838:was sold to Veritas Publishing Corp. in 1983;
1054:Richman, Dan; James, Andrea (March 16, 2009).
497:(owned by Ogden News Group, formerly owned by
193:(owned by News + Media Capital Group) and the
79:sales were consolidated, as were distribution
1056:"Seattle P-I to publish last edition Tuesday"
1025:Woodward, Tali; Redmond, Tim (May 10, 2000).
909:Busterna, John C.; Picard, Robert G. (1993).
8:
756:. Both newspapers still publish, though the
1211:United States federal antitrust legislation
990:
988:
986:
1001:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 204–217.
1169:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:) folded in 1998. Surviving paper named
44:evening, to cease operations altogether.
137:supported the Act's passage, and in the
930:
644:(family/local ownership) folded in 1998
207:publishes as a daily insert inside the
1020:
1018:
7:
1118:"Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970"
1107:adding citations to reliable sources
856:(owned by Lee Enterprises) and the
328:, minority stake) merged into the
21:Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970
14:
913:. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
379:The Cincinnati Post/Kentucky Post
1083:
1094:needs additional citations for
692:until the afternoon paper, the
402:(family owned) publishing, and
1061:The Seattle Post-Intelligencer
710:Deseret Management Corporation
483:Evansville Courier & Press
1:
720:Newspaper Agency Company, LLC
472:, formerly family owned) and
943:Chattanooga Times Free Press
736:Chronicle Publishing Company
357:Chattanooga Times Free Press
203:): as of November 2005, the
965:"Choice Now In Chattanooga"
345:Chattanooga News-Free Press
100:Chattanooga News-Free Press
35:operations within the same
1227:
1034:San Francisco Bay Guardian
995:Bagdikian, Ben H. (2004).
866:) (Citizen folded in 2009)
769:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
561:Victoria, British Columbia
508:Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette
139:1972 Presidential Campaign
1201:1970 in the United States
726:San Francisco, California
668:The E. W. Scripps Company
478:The E. W. Scripps Company
470:The E. W. Scripps Company
436:The E. W. Scripps Company
410:The E. W. Scripps Company
310:Charleston, West Virginia
304:The E. W. Scripps Company
260:The E. W. Scripps Company
648:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
574:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
494:Fort Wayne News-Sentinel
405:Columbus Citizen-Journal
384:The E.W. Scripps Company
190:Las Vegas Review-Journal
63:New Mexico State Tribune
731:San Francisco Chronicle
679:Richmond Times-Dispatch
653:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
585:Knoxville News Sentinel
369:The Cincinnati Enquirer
330:Charleston Gazette-Mail
255:The Albuquerque Tribune
249:The Albuquerque Journal
244:Albuquerque, New Mexico
73:Albuquerque, New Mexico
998:The New Media Monopoly
774:The Hearst Corporation
760:is now a free tabloid.
746:The Hearst Corporation
741:San Francisco Examiner
567:, previously owned by
552:Honolulu Star Bulletin
523:Oil City, Pennsylvania
519:Franklin, Pennsylvania
340:Chattanooga Free-Press
336:Chattanooga, Tennessee
299:Birmingham Post-Herald
77:Classified advertising
27:, signed by President
25:United States Congress
790:Shreveport, Louisiana
715:The Salt Lake Tribune
606:The McClatchy Company
592:became weekly in 1991
499:The McClatchy Company
321:Charleston Daily Mail
201:Greenspun Media Group
1206:Newspaper publishing
1191:1970 in American law
1103:improve this article
820:, formerly owned by
700:Salt Lake City, Utah
685:Richmond News-Leader
663:The Pittsburgh Press
658:Block Communications
626:Nashville, Tennessee
608:, formerly owned by
580:Knoxville, Tennessee
527:Franklin News-Herald
501:, formerly owned by
474:The Evansville Press
294:Advance Publications
271:Anchorage Daily News
252:(family owned), and
177:, formerly owned by
163:, formerly owned by
135:Nixon Administration
808:St. Louis, Missouri
764:Seattle, Washington
744:(formerly owned by
542:Honolulu Advertiser
489:Fort Wayne, Indiana
476:(formerly owned by
460:Evansville, Indiana
453:El Paso Herald-Post
431:Rocky Mountain News
318:(family owned) and
289:The Birmingham News
284:Birmingham, Alabama
68:Albuquerque Journal
58:Albuquerque Tribune
853:Arizona Daily Star
834:) ended when the
824:) publishing, and
801:Shreveport Journal
784:Post-Intelligencer
674:Richmond, Virginia
660:) publishing, and
638:) publishing, and
612:) publishing, and
465:Evansville Courier
315:Charleston Gazette
296:) publishing, and
215:York, Pennsylvania
156:Detroit Free Press
23:was an Act of the
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1178:
1171:
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971:. August 28, 1966
945:. January 4, 2009
786:'s print edition)
779:The Seattle Times
590:Knoxville Journal
412:) folded in 1985
399:Columbus Dispatch
376:) publishing and
351:Chattanooga Times
266:Anchorage, Alaska
226:The York Dispatch
220:York Daily Record
211:(expires in 2040)
185:Las Vegas, Nevada
151:Detroit, Michigan
116:Lyndon B. Johnson
94:Chattanooga Times
16:United States law
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878:publishing, and
798:publishing, and
795:Shreveport Times
696:, folded in 1992
670:) folded in 1992
641:Nashville Banner
622:) folded in 1988
588:publishing, and
537:Honolulu, Hawaii
531:Oil City Derrick
511:(family owned):
450:publishing, and
438:) ended in 2009.
426:Media News Group
416:Denver, Colorado
364:Cincinnati, Ohio
342:(previously the
326:Media News Group
306:) folded in 2005
274:publishing, and
262:) folded in 2008
231:Media News Group
175:Media News Group
112:Richard M. Nixon
105:
89:cable television
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895:Stephen Barnett
891:
870:Tulsa, Oklahoma
848:Tucson, Arizona
818:Lee Enterprises
734:(then owned by
620:Cox Enterprises
515:shut down 2020.
277:Anchorage Times
240:
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884:folded in 1992
867:
859:Tucson Citizen
845:
841:Globe-Democrat
836:Globe-Democrat
827:Globe-Democrat
822:Pulitzer, Inc.
805:
804:folded in 1991
787:
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723:
708:(owned by the
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688:both owned by
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631:The Tennessean
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596:Miami, Florida
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456:folded in 1997
442:El Paso, Texas
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394:Columbus, Ohio
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29:Richard Nixon
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1101:Please help
1096:verification
1093:
1065:. Retrieved
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1037:. Retrieved
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973:. Retrieved
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947:. Retrieved
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601:Miami Herald
599:
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529:merged into
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37:media market
20:
18:
875:Tulsa World
694:News-Leader
557:Black Press
421:Denver Post
120:free market
1185:Categories
1129:newspapers
902:References
862:(owned by
830:(owned by
816:(owned by
772:(owned by
666:(owned by
656:(owned by
634:(owned by
618:(owned by
615:Miami News
604:(owned by
555:(owned by
545:(owned by
505:) and the
434:(owned by
428:) and the
424:(owned by
408:(owned by
382:(owned by
372:(owned by
324:(owned by
302:(owned by
292:(owned by
258:(owned by
199:(owned by
173:(owned by
167:) and the
159:(owned by
123:capitalism
65:) and the
61:(then the
1067:March 16,
750:Chronicle
41:antitrust
33:newspaper
1159:May 2008
1039:June 26,
975:June 26,
949:June 26,
889:See also
832:Newhouse
758:Examiner
754:Examiner
388:The Post
332:in 2015.
97:and the
1143:scholar
864:Gannett
636:Gannett
569:Gannett
565:Florida
547:Gannett
533:in 1985
374:Gannett
179:Gannett
161:Gannett
51:History
1145:
1138:
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1116:
1030:(Word)
1005:
917:
776:) and
738:) and
712:) and
549:) and
348:) and
130:Hearst
81:agents
1150:JSTOR
1136:books
104:'
1122:news
1069:2009
1041:2012
1003:ISBN
977:2012
951:2012
915:ISBN
682:and
521:and
19:The
1105:by
559:of
209:R-J
205:Sun
71:in
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967:.
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