308:'s release in 1993, developers were not paying much attention to the new Newton OS API and were still more interested in developing for the Macintosh and Windows platforms. It was not until two years later that developers saw a potential market available to them in creating software for Newton OS. Several programs were made by third-party developers, including software to enhance the disappointing hand writing recognition technology of Newton OS 1.x.
1824:
1815:
32:
469:
based upon version 2.0 of the OS, the handwriting recognition substantially improved, partially being a product of ParaGraph and an Apple-created recognizer pair: Apple's
Rosetta and Mondello. Newton's handwriting recognition, particularly the print recognizer, has been considered by many reviewers,
983:
Also at Apple, in the
Advanced Technology Group, was Technical Lead in the development of the neural network-based handprint recognition system, the world's first genuinely usable handwriting recognition system, showcased in second generation Newton PDAs and Mac OS X's
513:(deferred recognition). A Newton Note document (or the notes attached to each contact in Names and each calendar event) can contain any mix of interleaved text, ink text, Shapes, and Sketches.
1050:
288:
Menus — Similar to menus seen in Mac OS, but menu titles are instead presented at the bottom of the screen in small rectangles, making them similar to buttons with attached "pop-up" menus.
320:— A program for drawing and word processing, with typical capabilities such as: rulers, margins, page breaks, formatting, printing, spell checking and find & replace tools.
451:
566:
481:, or a mix of the two, and can also accept free-hand "Sketches", "Shapes", and "ink text". Text can also be entered by tapping with the stylus on a small on-screen pop-up
366:— A small floating window type application, known as a desktop accessory on the Macintosh. The Newton clock also includes features for an alarm, minute timer and the date.
1144:
822:
594:
903:
678:
1861:
559:
509:, could be formatted to be bold, italic, etc.). At any time a user can also direct the Newton to recognize selected "ink text" and turn it into
1846:
1827:
1137:
1112:
922:
746:
471:
552:
1494:
946:
360:— A basic calculator with square root, percentage, MR, M+ and M− functions additional to the basic functions found on a calculator.
1014:
645:
41:
1130:
285:
Send documents — Documents can be sent to another Newton via
Infrared technology or sent using the Internet by E-Mail, or faxed.
1818:
602:
534:
1856:
826:
583:
581:
328:— Used for checklists, as well as both drawing and writing in the same program either with a newton keyboard or a stylus pen.
794:
219:
and trimmed to be low power consuming and use the available memory efficiently. Many applications were pre-installed in the
934:
687:
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840:
1007:
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1314:
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111:
580:
1524:
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or deformed once drawn. "Ink text" captures the user's free-hand writing but allows it to be treated somewhat like
590:
589:
588:
1329:
591:
145:
592:
165:
470:
testers, and users to be the best in the industry, even 10 years after it was introduced. It was developed by
465:
The earliest versions had weaknesses that resulted in bad publicity and reviews. However, with the release of
682:
510:
502:
447:
243:
didn't have at the time, such as drawers and the "poof" animation. An animation similar to this is found in
585:
1866:
1536:
86:
1851:
1504:
1376:
1299:
1234:
919:
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keyboard. With "Shapes", Newton can recognize that the user was attempting to draw a circle, a line, a
1117:
1319:
527:
Newton OS runs applications written in C++, along with an interpreted, user-friendly language called
276:
Screen rotation — In Newton 2.0, the screen can be rotated to be used for drawing or word processing.
224:
177:
63:
474:, and was described in 2012 as "the world's first genuinely usable handwriting recognition system".
1458:
351:
248:
1386:
750:
908:
255:
Sound responsive — Clicking menus and icons makes a sound; this feature was later introduced in
1568:
1514:
1411:
494:
808:
262:
Icons - Similar to the
Macintosh Desktop metaphor, Newton OS uses icons to open applications.
1759:
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220:
204:
172:
1401:
1356:
1045:
1018:
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938:
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File documents — Notes and
Drawings can be categorized. E.g. Fun, Business, Personal, etc.
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interface, documents titles appear in a small tab at the top right hand of the screen.
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623:
498:
293:
897:
247:, and parts of the Newton's handwriting recognition system have been implemented as
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466:
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340:
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Many features of the Newton are best appreciated in the context of the history of
1080:
Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing
1730:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1222:
1193:
1079:
931:
336:— Calendar program where you can schedule appointments and other special events.
151:
31:
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679:
A.I. Magazine article by Yaeger on Newton HWR design, algorithms, & quality
1774:
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344:— Program for storing extensive contacts information in a flexible format.
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497:) of what the user is attempting to draw. "Shapes" and "Sketches" can be
350:— Program that offers metric conversions, currency conversions, loan and
256:
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when manipulating for later editing purposes ("ink text" supported
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68:
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1291:
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1552:
1484:
706:
Notes on the (relatively unknown) History of Pen-based
Computing
180:
1126:
1573:
1334:
1113:
Prof. Wittmann's collection of Newton & MessagePad reviews
628:
579:
1108:
MessagePad 2000 review at "The
History and Macintosh Society"
1064:
915:
MessagePad 2000 review at "The
History and Macintosh Society"
1006:
Read about HWR, ink text, Sketches, & Shapes in Apple's
493:
representations (with modifiable control points and defined
1069:
650:
282:
Print documents — Documents on the Newton can be printed.
841:"Will the iPhone's Siri have its 'Egg freckles' moment?"
795:"Classic Apple Moment: Newton Handwriting Recognition"
372:— Support for displaying electronic books is built in.
902:
See user testing results discussed in part 6 of this
223:
of the Newton (making for quick start-up) to save on
239:
Newton OS features many interface elements that the
1711:
1551:
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171:
157:
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130:
110:
92:
82:
74:
62:
50:
688:Info on Newton HWR from Apple's HWR Technical Lead
215:between 1993 and 1997. It was written entirely in
747:"Stepan Pachikov Wants to Study Your Handwriting"
661:The Newton Hall of Fame: People behind the Newton
885:See "Opportunity Squandered" in Pen Computing's
1118:CNET compares a MessagePad to a Samsung Q1 UMPC
909:MessagePad 2000 review at Small Dog Electronics
823:"Five Gadgets Ahead of Their Time Apple Newton"
1138:
1075:CalliGrapher handwriting recognition software
646:A selection of PDFs of Apple's Newton manuals
560:
489:, etc., and it cleans them up into "perfect"
8:
879:See text under "Handwriting Recognition" in
477:The Newton can recognize hand-printed text,
446:The Newton uses the CalliGrapher word-based
312:The basic software that came with Newton OS:
24:
1086:Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing
996:Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0
881:Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0
729:Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing
656:Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0
16:Discontinued operating system by Apple Inc.
1814:
1239:
1145:
1131:
1123:
567:
553:
23:
1049:) is being considered for deletion. See
544:
380:
966:"In the Loop with Larry Yaeger: part I"
717:Annotated Bibliography in Pen Computing
698:
1033:Additional resources & information
7:
944:Prof. Warden's MessagePad 130 review
913:See comments under "Note-taking" in
1103:MacTech's review of MessagePad 2000
904:A.I. Magazine article on Newton HWR
745:Calore, Michael (23 January 2007).
533:. These applications are stored in
898:Comments by Pen Computing's editor
14:
1053:to help reach a consensus. ›
920:What's Right With The Newton: HWR
891:See comments under "Software" in
825:. 25 October 2010. Archived from
809:"The Story Behind Apple's Newton"
472:Apple's Advanced Technology Group
1823:
1822:
1813:
1065:NewtonTalk discussion email list
893:MacTech's MessagePad 2000 review
269:in today's browsers and Apple's
39:
30:
603:Timeline of Apple Inc. products
231:storage for user applications.
1862:Discontinued operating systems
887:Why did Apple kill the Newton?
667:Why did Apple kill the Newton?
265:Tabbed documents — Similar to
1:
1490:AIX for Apple Network Servers
932:Assessment by Apple developer
1847:Apple Inc. operating systems
874:Apple Newton Just Won't Drop
1070:Einstein: a Newton emulator
452:ParaGraph International Inc
45:Screenshot of Newton OS 2.0
1883:
964:Smykil, Jeff (June 2005).
949:December 31, 2006, at the
600:
548:Timeline of Newton models
520:
1811:
241:Macintosh system software
38:
29:
1051:templates for discussion
872:See comments in Wired's
116:2.1 / 21 March 1997
1347:Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)
749:. WIRED. Archived from
448:handwriting recognition
442:Handwriting recognition
1017:April 6, 2008, at the
937:July 17, 2012, at the
925:September 8, 2006, at
118:; 27 years ago
98:; 31 years ago
1857:ARM operating systems
1505:PowerOpen Environment
1153:Operating systems by
1010:available in Apple's
774:"Newton Hall of Fame"
1387:10.8 (Mountain Lion)
450:engine developed by
352:mortgage calculators
213:Apple Computer, Inc.
57:Apple Computer, Inc.
1459:Mac OS X Server 1.0
1412:10.13 (High Sierra)
1377:10.6 (Snow Leopard)
1257:Systems 2, 3, and 4
1008:MessagePad Handbook
829:on 28 October 2010.
753:on 22 December 2008
96:August 3, 1993
26:
1402:10.11 (El Capitan)
876:(four years later)
304:Shortly after the
203:is a discontinued
1834:
1833:
1748:Apple TV Software
1547:
1546:
772:Luckie, Douglas.
599:
598:
439:
438:
400:October 30, 1993
211:PDAs produced by
196:
195:
1874:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1760:Apple Vision Pro
1422:10.15 (Catalina)
1397:10.10 (Yosemite)
1392:10.9 (Mavericks)
1240:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1124:
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1004:
998:
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987:
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978:
961:
955:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
847:. Archived from
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671:Pen Computing's
665:Pen Computing's
569:
562:
555:
545:
454:, led by former
381:
205:operating system
126:
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119:
106:
104:
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43:
34:
27:
21:Operating system
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1019:Wayback Machine
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951:Wayback Machine
939:Wayback Machine
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851:on 7 April 2013
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681:and associated
642:
610:
605:
595:
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511:recognized text
503:recognized text
460:Stepan Pachikov
444:
432:March 21, 1997
424:March 14, 1996
392:August 3, 1993
379:
377:Version history
302:
267:tabbed browsing
237:
160:
122:
120:
117:
102:
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93:Initial release
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1470:Other projects
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1417:10.14 (Mojave)
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1407:10.12 (Sierra)
1404:
1399:
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1372:10.5 (Leopard)
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1362:10.3 (Panther)
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1244:Classic Mac OS
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1028:External links
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1012:Newton Manuals
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869:HWR accuracy:
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675:column archive
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634:Motorola Marco
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521:Main article:
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416:March 4, 1994
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384:Date released
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161:user interface
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139:Motorola Marco
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1579:iPhone OS 1
1442:14 (Sonoma)
1382:10.7 (Lion)
1352:10.1 (Puma)
1320:Public Beta
1039:‹ The
977:27 February
467:Newton PDAs
387:OS version
370:Book Reader
178:Proprietary
152:Microkernel
1841:Categories
1775:visionOS 2
1770:visionOS 1
1511:Cancelled
1021:collection
984:"Inkwell."
779:6 February
757:6 February
694:References
651:Newton FAQ
601:See also:
458:scientist
358:Calculator
306:Newton PDA
123:1997-03-21
103:1993-08-03
78:Historical
64:Written in
1724:Newton OS
1701:iPadOS 18
1696:iPadOS 17
1691:iPadOS 16
1686:iPadOS 15
1681:iPadOS 14
1676:iPadOS 13
1515:Star Trek
1201:Apple III
1184:Apple DOS
855:1 October
619:eMate 300
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131:Platforms
52:Developer
25:Newton OS
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1476:Shipped
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1041:template
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608:See also
541:Timeline
535:packages
495:vertices
348:Formulas
300:Software
257:Mac OS 8
245:Mac OS X
235:Features
207:for the
1789:audioOS
1784:HomePod
1736:watchOS
1525:Copland
1500:MkLinux
1300:History
1218:Lisa OS
1097:Reviews
1091:YouTube
1043:below (
734:YouTube
487:polygon
479:cursive
271:At Ease
249:Inkwell
173:License
159:Default
121: (
101: (
1719:Newton
1671:iPadOS
1664:iOS 18
1659:iOS 17
1654:iOS 16
1649:iOS 15
1644:iOS 14
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1634:iOS 12
1629:iOS 11
1624:iOS 10
1557:iPhone
1480:A/ROSE
1454:Server
1330:Darwin
1189:ProDOS
1060:Curlie
1056:Newton
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683:slides
499:scaled
491:vector
483:QWERTY
456:Soviet
354:, etc.
146:Kernel
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1614:iOS 8
1609:iOS 7
1604:iOS 6
1599:iOS 5
1594:iOS 4
1326:Core
1292:macOS
1194:GS/OS
1155:Apple
640:Notes
364:Clock
341:Names
333:Dates
325:Notes
318:Works
1819:List
1753:tvOS
1561:iPad
1553:iPod
1485:A/UX
1213:Lisa
1171:Lisa
979:2012
857:2012
781:2009
759:2009
435:2.1
427:2.0
419:1.3
411:1.2
403:1.1
395:1.0
227:and
181:EULA
148:type
1574:iOS
1495:MAE
1335:XNU
1235:Mac
1206:SOS
1167:III
1089:on
1058:at
845:CNN
732:on
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225:RAM
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217:C++
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