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Huxley created their physical model of action potential. Later in their life they received a Nobel Prize for their influential discoveries. Neuronal accommodation can be explained in two ways. "First, during the passage of a constant cathodal current through the membrane, the potassium conductance and the degree of inactivation will rise, both factors raising the threshold. Secondly, the steady state ionic current at all strengths of depolarization is outward, so that an applied cathodal current which rises sufficiently slowly will never evoke a regenerative response from the membrane, and excitation will not occur." (quote from
Hodgkin and Huxley)
67:) and results in the rapid ascending phase of action potential. In parallel with the depolarisation and sodium channel activation, the inactivation process of the sodium channels is also driven by depolarisation. Since the inactivation is much slower than the activation process, during the regenerative phase of action potential, inactivation is unable to prevent the "chain reaction"-like rapid increase in the membrane voltage.
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During neuronal accommodation, the slowly rising depolarisation drives the activation and inactivation, as well as the potassium gates simultaneously and never evokes action potential. Failure to evoke action potential by ramp depolarisation of any strength had been a great puzzle until
Hodgkin and
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A computational neuroscience source code database containing 4 versions (in different simulators) of the original
Hodgkin–Huxley model and hundreds of models that apply the Hodgkin–Huxley model to other channels in many electrically excitable cell
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physiologic condition accommodation breaks down, that is long-duration slowly rising current excites nerve fibers at a nearly constant intensity no matter how slowly this intensity is approached.
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to flow into the cell and resulting in further depolarisation, which will subsequently open even more sodium channels. At a certain moment this process becomes regenerative (
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Vallbo, A. B. (1964). "Accommodation
Related to Inactivation of the Sodium Permeability in Single Myelinated Nerve Fibres from Xenopus Laevis".
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Parameters of the model can be changed as well as excitation parameters and phase space plottings of all the variables is possible.
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556:"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve"
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122:"On the rate of variation of the exciting current as a factor in electric excitation"
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301:"Depolarization changes the mechanism of accommodation in rat and human motor axons"
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also shows accommodation. Sudden depolarisation of a nerve evokes propagated
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464:"The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo"
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Hennings, K.; Arendt-Nielsen, L.; Andersen, O. K. (2005).
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Direct link to
Hodgkin-Huxley paper #5 via PubMedCentral
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Direct link to
Hodgkin-Huxley paper #4 via PubMedCentral
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Direct link to
Hodgkin-Huxley paper #3 via PubMedCentral
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Direct link to
Hodgkin-Huxley paper #2 via PubMedCentral
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Direct link to
Hodgkin-Huxley paper #1 via PubMedCentral
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Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F.; Katz, B. (April 1952).
600:Neural Impulses: The Action Potential In Action
31:cell is depolarised by slowly rising current (
554:Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (August 1952).
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508:Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (April 1952).
462:Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (April 1952).
416:Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (April 1952).
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199:Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (1952).
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357:Direct link to Hodgkin-Huxley model
613:The Wolfram Demonstrations Project
604:The Wolfram Demonstrations Project
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609:Interactive Hodgkin-Huxley model
299:Baker, M.; Bostock, H. (1989).
573:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004764
527:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004719
481:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004718
435:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004717
389:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004716
317:10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017589
217:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004764
171:Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
138:10.1113/jphysiol.1907.sp001231
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650:Computational neuroscience
560:The Journal of Physiology
514:The Journal of Physiology
468:The Journal of Physiology
422:The Journal of Physiology
376:The Journal of Physiology
305:The Journal of Physiology
205:The Journal of Physiology
126:The Journal of Physiology
267:10.1186/1742-4682-2-16
97:Anode break excitation
21:neuronal accommodation
102:Hodgkin–Huxley model
55:incorporated in the
41:Hodgkin–Huxley model
17:Neural accommodation
87:Accommodation index
33:ramp depolarisation
602:by Garrett Neske,
365:BioModels Database
120:Lucas, K. (1907).
640:Electrophysiology
635:Nonlinear systems
611:by Shimon Marom,
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361:Description
311:: 545–561.
177:: 429–444.
61:sodium ions
629:Categories
108:References
592:12991237
546:14946715
500:14946714
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286:15826303
235:12991237
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81:See also
37:in vitro
618:ModelDB
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537:1392212
491:1392209
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