343:
avoid the development of elevated ICP. All nursing interventions is performed with the aim of benefit for the patient, such as hygienic interventions, preventing pressure ulcers, surgery wound management, endotracheal suctioning when artificial ventilation is needed, among other things. Though, nursing interventions might as well be stressful, and can result in high ICP. Therefore, it is the nurse’s obligation to plan for the interventions so that a balance is achieved between the benefits for the patient’s wellbeing and the risk of raised ICP, which might cause secondary insults. High ICP can be prevented by giving extra sedation before intervention, optimizing the patients position with a raised head and stretched neck to avoid venous stasis. When ICP is > 15 mmHg only the most important interventions are to be performed, to minimize the probabilities of secondary insults.
52:
168:
432:
365:
2524:
1840:
1870:
1880:
1860:
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1850:
2082:
306:. Admission criteria includes: Impaired consciousness, impaired ability to protect airway, progressive respiratory weakness, need for mechanical ventilation, seizure, Radiologic evidence of elevated ICP, monitoring of neurologic function in patients that are critically ill. Neuro-ICU have been seeing increasing use at
360:
will have an episode where their heart stops. Of the patients who have their heart stopped seven to thirty percent leave the hospital with good neurological outcome (conscious, normal brain function, alert, capable of normal life). Lowering patients body temperature between 32 -34 degrees within six
224:
The first neurological intensive care unit was created by Dr. Dandy Walker at Johns
Hopkins in 1929. Dr. Walker realized that some surgical patient could use specialized postoperative neurosurgical monitoring and treatment. The unit Dr. Walker created showed a benefit to postoperative patients, than
342:
Patients in the neurointensive care units (NICU) are vulnerable due to their primary injury, and in need of help with all their personal hygiene. When planning for nursing interventions it is beneficial to be aware of the patient’s intracranial adaptive capacity, i.e., intracranial compliance, to
397:
plus pupil or four score), ICP (subarachnoid hemorrhages, TBI, Hydrocephalus, Stroke, CNS infection, Hepatic failure), multimodality monitoring to monitor disease and prevent secondary injury in states that are insensitive to neurological exam or conditions confounded by sedation, neuromuscular
334:, physician extenders (such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants), critical care nurses, respiratory therapists, registered dietitians, rehabilitation therapists, and social workers who all work together in order to provide coordinated care for the critically ill neurologic patient.
301:
that specialized in the care of critical ill neurological and post and pre-op neurosurgical patients. The goal of NICUs are to provide early and aggressive medical interventions including managing pain, airways, ventilation, anticoagulation, elevated ICP, cardiovascular stability and
244:
The doctors who practice this type of medicine are called neurointensivists, and can have medical training in many fields, including neurology, anesthesiology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, or neurosurgery. Common diseases treated in neurointensive care units include
867:"Consensus summary statement of the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care : a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine"
289:). Besides dealing with critical illness of the nervous system, neurointensivists also treat the medical complications that may occur in their patients, including those of the heart, lung, kidneys, or any other body system, including treatment of infections.
225:
neurologic patients came to the unit. Dr. Safar created the first intensive care unit in the United States in
Baltimore in the 1950s. In the 1970s, the benefit of specialized care in respiratory and cardiac ICUs led to the
444:: Airway management, Maintenance of blood pressure and cerebral perfusion, intravenous fluid management, Temperature control, prophylaxis against seizures, nutrition, ICP management and treatment of medical complications.
229:
being formed. This body created standards for extensive, difficult medical problems and treatments. Over time the need for specialized monitoring and treatments led to neurologic intensive care units.
310:. One of the main reasons why Neuro-ICUs have seen increased use is the use of therapeutic hypothermia which has been shown to improve long-term neurological outcomes following cardiac arrest.
407:: Ventricular catheter to monitor Brain oxygen and concentrations of glucose and PH. With treatment options of Hypertonic serum, barbiturates, hypothermia and decompressive hemicraniectomy
577:
1039:
790:
182:
skulls found from ancient Egypt and descriptions of treatments to decrease brain swelling in ancient Greek text. Intensive care begin with centers to treat the
2444:
512:: Airway protection, monitoring of ICP, treatment of seizures if necessary, and sedation if patient is agitated and virial testing hemodynamic stability.
1369:
572:
1710:
484:, prevention of seizure recurrence, treatment of cause of seizure, management of complications, monitoring of hemodynamic stability and continuous
361:
hours of arriving at the hospital doubles the patients with no significant brain damage compared to no cooling and increases survival of patients.
1309:
210:
1916:
1015:
766:
1609:
517:
1745:
1087:
2424:
685:
583:
206:
manual ventilation to keep polio patients alive in the setting of an influx of patients and limited resources (only one iron Lung).
1863:
51:
808:
Arrich, Jasmin; SchĂĽtz, Nikola; Oppenauer, Julia; Vendt, Janne; Holzer, Michael; Havel, Christof; Herkner, Harald (2023-05-22).
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521:
2240:
1715:
550:
1359:
226:
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171:
Children's ward at Rancho Los Amigos
Hospital in 1954, showing more than 100 persons being helped to breathe by the
1986:
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2001:
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1941:
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562:: immobilization, airway protection and oxygenation, management of spinal chock and cardiovascular effects.
448:
357:
709:
Zacharia BE, Vaughan KA, Bruce SS, Grobelny BT, Narula R, Khandji J, Carpenter AM, Hickman ZL, Ducruet AF,
501:
2225:
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2125:
2006:
1961:
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96:
38:
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1981:
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outbreak during the mid-twentieth century. These early respiratory care units utilized a negative and
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2100:
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1966:
1803:
1763:
1630:
1444:
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1206:
713:(December 2012). "Epidemiological trends in the neurological intensive care unit from 2000 to 2008".
589:
534:
298:
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546:: Monitor respiration and respiratory assistance, if necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability.
542:
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2016:
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265:, and/or involve trauma to the patient, i.e., due to a stroke or a fall), swelling of the brain (
262:
254:
104:
100:
236:
was founded in 2002. In 2005, neurocritical care was recognized as a neurological subspecialty.
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2333:
2308:
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if necessary, monitor for clinical deterioration, manage systemic complications and maintain
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1996:
1545:
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1407:
1282:
1238:
979:
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878:
865:
Le Roux P, Menon DK, Citerio G, Vespa P, Bader MK, Brophy GM, et al. (September 2014).
837:
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722:
673:
639:
599:
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2489:
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2011:
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431:
146:
842:
809:
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2338:
2328:
2175:
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2031:
1951:
1705:
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1472:
1402:
1221:
947:
926:
677:
380:
266:
209:
191:
108:
66:
34:
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2388:
2383:
2348:
2245:
2235:
2195:
2041:
1976:
1971:
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1434:
1374:
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319:
190:
unit called the "Iron Lung" to aid patients in respiration and greatly decreased the
183:
742:
318:
Most neurocritical care units are a collaborative effort between neurointensivists,
2474:
2469:
2353:
2185:
2110:
2061:
2051:
2026:
2021:
1991:
1925:
1853:
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1179:
1164:
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825:
508:
469:
364:
327:
323:
270:
217:
199:
178:
There have been many attempts to manage head injuries throughout history including
112:
20:
16:
Branch of medicine that deals with life-threatening diseases of the nervous system
938:
2343:
2190:
1652:
1597:
1494:
1349:
1324:
1142:
425:
352:
331:
278:
120:
1740:
726:
2504:
2205:
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1592:
1364:
1314:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1272:
1262:
1025:
983:
970:
Datar S (November 2017). "New
Developments in Refractory Status Epilepticus".
883:
866:
776:
643:
492:
274:
179:
116:
833:
2449:
2140:
1813:
1555:
1550:
1414:
1392:
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1231:
465:
250:
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92:
1005:
991:
956:
892:
851:
756:
734:
695:
651:
630:
Korbakis G, Bleck T (October 2014). "The evolution of neurocritical care".
198:, a physician in Denmark, "birthed the intensive care unit", when he used
2358:
1319:
1096:
481:
453:
421:
282:
142:
88:
1798:
1258:
1226:
1119:
258:
246:
84:
440:
80:
2081:
526:: high dose corticosteroids, monitoring of hemodynamic stability.
430:
393:: Serial neurologic examination, assessment of comatose patients (
363:
297:
Neurological
Intensive care units are specialized units in select
208:
166:
33:) is a medical field that treats life-threatening diseases of the
554:: Monitor patient who receive TPA for 24 hours for brain bleeds.
810:"Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest"
672:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 140. pp. 3–14.
384:
285:), and weakness of the muscles required to breathe (such as the
1898:
1894:
1069:
927:"Admission to neurological intensive care: who, when, and why?"
232:
Modern neurocritical care began to develop in the 1980s. The
1065:
428:, Hyperosmolar therapy and maintain hemodynamic stability.
668:
Wijdicks EF (2017). "The history of neurocritical care".
1010:. Hemanshu Prabhakar (First ed.). New Delhi. 2019.
761:. Hemanshu Prabhakar (First ed.). New Delhi. 2019.
602:, a physician interested in inpatient neurological care
261:(especially those that last for a long period of time-
578:
1060:
925:
Howard RS, Kullmann DM, Hirsch NP (September 2003).
2412:
2274:
2214:
2089:
1950:
1756:
1694:
1455:
1383:
1338:
1247:
1118:
1103:
411:
Common neurointensive care illnesses and treatments
152:
131:
73:
61:
516:Acute parainfectious inflammatory encephalopathy (
216:(April 6, 1886 – April 19, 1946) was an American
424:, ICP monitoring and management, Decompressive
281:(especially malignant cases; with neurological
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
663:
661:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
1910:
1081:
8:
2445:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
44:
814:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1917:
1903:
1895:
1370:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
1115:
1088:
1074:
1066:
1038:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
789:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
573:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
50:
1711:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
946:
882:
841:
613:
452:: Find the cause of hemorrhage, treat
273:) and the brain's or spine's meninges (
1031:
782:
43:
37:and identifies, prevents, and treats
7:
2535:
1849:
1610:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
518:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
56:An intensive care unit in a hospital
1859:
522:Acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis
356:: One third to half of people with
127:secondary to neuromuscular disease.
1746:Medical Scientist Training Program
678:10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00001-5
14:
2425:Development of the nervous system
584:Developmental Neurorehabilitation
227:Society of Critical Care medicine
2534:
2523:
2522:
2080:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1839:
1838:
931:J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
383:, blood pressure, assessment of
156:neurointensivists, neurosurgeons
1879:
1736:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1170:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
933:. 74 Suppl 3 (90003): iii2–9.
826:10.1002/14651858.CD004128.pub5
670:Critical Care Neurology Part I
500:with antibiotics and maintain
347:Neurointensive care procedures
1:
2266:Social cognitive neuroscience
1061:American Academy of Neurology
373:Basic life support monitoring
2241:Molecular cellular cognition
1716:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1483:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
939:10.1136/jnnp.74.suppl_3.iii2
551:Tissue plasminogen activator
269:), infections of the brain (
2460:Neurodevelopmental disorder
2435:Neural network (biological)
2430:Neural network (artificial)
462:cerebral perfusion pressure
338:Neurointensive care nursing
293:Neurointensive care centers
2589:
1987:Computational neuroscience
727:10.1016/j.jocn.2012.04.011
595:Neurocritical Care Society
458:arteriovenous malformation
308:Tertiary referral hospital
234:Neurocritical Care Society
18:
2518:
2455:Neurodegenerative disease
2299:Evolutionary neuroscience
2078:
1932:
1834:
984:10.1016/j.ncl.2017.06.010
884:10.1007/s00134-014-3369-6
644:10.1016/j.ccc.2014.06.001
537:, spinal cord lesion and
139:Computed axial tomography
49:
2420:Brain–computer interface
2369:Neuromorphic engineering
2294:Educational neuroscience
2201:Nutritional neuroscience
2106:Clinical neurophysiology
2002:Integrative neuroscience
1670:Transplantation medicine
1561:Clinical neurophysiology
1478:Obstetric anesthesiology
1398:Interventional radiology
1158:Digestive system surgery
435:MCA-Stroke-Brain-Human-2
314:Neurointensive care team
19:Not to be confused with
2231:Behavioral neuroscience
1541:Intensive care medicine
1515:Mass gathering medicine
1360:Maternal–fetal medicine
449:Subarachnoid hemorrhage
391:Neurological monitoring
358:coronary artery disease
2226:Affective neuroscience
2007:Molecular neuroscience
1962:Behavioral epigenetics
1133:Cardiothoracic surgery
486:Electroencephalography
468:and bridge patient to
436:
417:Traumatic brain injury
369:
304:secondary brain injury
221:
175:
97:Traumatic brain injury
39:secondary brain injury
2563:Clinical neuroscience
2289:Cultural neuroscience
2284:Consumer neuroscience
2126:Neurogastroenterology
1982:Cellular neuroscience
1784:Personalized medicine
1643:Reproductive medicine
1568:Occupational medicine
1522:Evolutionary medicine
1042:) CS1 maint: others (
793:) CS1 maint: others (
539:neuromuscular disease
502:hemodynamic stability
434:
403:Intracranial pressure
367:
299:tertiary care centers
212:
170:
2261:Sensory neuroscience
2101:Behavioral neurology
2072:Systems neuroscience
1804:Traditional medicine
1764:Alternative medicine
1631:Addiction psychiatry
1445:Transfusion medicine
1440:Medical microbiology
1355:Gynecologic oncology
1207:Reproductive surgery
590:List of neurologists
535:Autonomic neuropathy
2404:Social neuroscience
2304:Global neurosurgery
2181:Neurorehabilitation
2151:Neuro-ophthalmology
2136:Neurointensive care
1967:Behavioral genetics
1826:History of medicine
1809:Veterinary medicine
1616:Preventive medicine
1468:Adolescent medicine
1310:Infectious diseases
1007:Neurointensive care
758:Neurointensive care
543:respiratory failure
498:Empirical treatment
398:blockade and coma.
377:Electrocardiography
368:ICU Monitor (front)
214:Walter Edward Dandy
125:respiratory failure
46:
31:neurointensive care
2480:Neuroimmune system
2374:Neurophenomenology
2314:Neural engineering
2037:Neuroendocrinology
2017:Neural engineering
1774:Molecular oncology
1731:Doctor of Medicine
1721:Master of Medicine
1638:Radiation oncology
1510:Emergency medicine
1463:Addiction medicine
1430:Clinical chemistry
1425:Clinical pathology
1217:Transplant surgery
1175:Orthopedic surgery
1153:Colorectal surgery
871:Intensive Care Med
559:Spinal cord injury
531:Multiple sclerosis
480:: Termination of
477:Status epilepticus
437:
395:Glasgow Coma Scale
370:
263:status epilepticus
255:spinal cord injury
222:
176:
105:status epilepticus
101:spinal cord injury
45:Neurocritical care
27:Neurocritical care
2550:
2549:
2399:Paleoneurobiology
2334:Neuroepistemology
2309:Neuroanthropology
2275:Interdisciplinary
2161:Neuropharmacology
2121:Neuroepidemiology
1892:
1891:
1726:Master of Surgery
1690:
1689:
1675:Tropical medicine
1621:Prison healthcare
1536:Hospital medicine
1500:Disaster medicine
1490:Aviation medicine
1305:Hospital medicine
1212:Surgical oncology
1197:Pediatric surgery
1191:
1138:Endocrine surgery
1017:978-0-19-948143-9
768:978-0-19-948143-9
204:positive pressure
188:positive pressure
160:
159:
2580:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2525:
2440:Detection theory
2324:Neurocriminology
2251:Neurolinguistics
2166:Neuroprosthetics
2084:
2047:Neuroinformatics
1997:Imaging genetics
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1546:Medical genetics
1531:General practice
1408:Nuclear medicine
1283:Gastroenterology
1239:Vascular surgery
1189:
1116:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1048:
1047:
1037:
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1002:
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904:
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862:
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799:
798:
788:
780:
753:
747:
746:
706:
700:
699:
665:
656:
655:
627:
600:Neurohospitalist
405:(ICP) management
196:Bjørn Aage Ibsen
135:
77:
54:
47:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2514:
2500:Neurotechnology
2495:Neuroplasticity
2490:Neuromodulation
2485:Neuromanagement
2408:
2379:Neurophilosophy
2276:
2270:
2256:Neuropsychology
2217:
2210:
2171:Neuropsychiatry
2131:Neuroimmunology
2116:Neurocardiology
2092:
2085:
2076:
2067:Neurophysiology
2057:Neuromorphology
2012:Neural decoding
1953:
1946:
1928:
1923:
1893:
1888:
1830:
1819:Chief physician
1752:
1697:
1686:
1680:Travel medicine
1665:Sports medicine
1648:Sexual medicine
1588:Palliative care
1583:Pain management
1527:Family medicine
1505:Diving medicine
1451:
1379:
1341:
1334:
1250:
1243:
1202:Plastic surgery
1148:General surgery
1128:Cardiac surgery
1109:
1107:
1099:
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1052:
1051:
1030:
1018:
1004:
1003:
999:
969:
968:
964:
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923:
908:
877:(9): 1189–209.
864:
863:
859:
820:(5): CD004128.
807:
806:
802:
781:
769:
755:
754:
750:
721:(12): 1668–72.
715:J Clin Neurosci
708:
707:
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629:
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413:
349:
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242:
165:
147:Lumbar puncture
133:
75:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2513:
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2510:Self-awareness
2507:
2502:
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2472:
2467:
2465:Neurodiversity
2462:
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2364:Neuromarketing
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Neuroesthetics
2336:
2331:
2329:Neuroeconomics
2326:
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2209:
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2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Neuroradiology
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Neuropathology
2153:
2148:
2146:Neuro-oncology
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
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2054:
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2039:
2034:
2032:Neurochemistry
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
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1994:
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2470:Neurogenesis
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2093:neuroscience
2062:Neurophysics
2052:Neurometrics
2027:Neurobiology
2022:Neuroanatomy
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2573:Neurotrauma
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2191:Neurotology
1864:Wikiproject
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1342:gynaecology
1325:Pulmonology
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1105:Specialties
972:Neurol Clin
711:Connolly ES
520:(ADEM) and
426:Craniectomy
353:Hypothermia
332:pharmacists
249:, ruptured
121:brain tumor
2557:Categories
2505:Neurotoxin
2206:Psychiatry
1626:Psychiatry
1612:(PM&R)
1605:Phlebology
1593:Pediatrics
1420:Anatomical
1385:Diagnostic
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1300:Hematology
1295:Geriatrics
1288:Hepatology
1273:Cardiology
1263:Immunology
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493:Meningitis
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153:Specialist
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1698:education
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1034:cite book
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1942:History
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