6704:(2000). The plaintiff in this case unsuccessfully challenged the selective publication policy as unconstitutional. The court retorted: "Appellant either misunderstands or ignores the realities of the intermediate appellate process." The court went on to describe the variety of frivolous appeals regularly encountered by the Courts of Appeal, and concluded: "Our typical opinions in such cases add nothing to the body of stare decisis, and if published would merely clutter overcrowded library shelves and databases with information utterly useless to anyone other than the actual litigants therein and complicate the search for meaningful precedent."
5170:
5355:
5574:, while California uses brackets for parenthetical explanations of a case's holding or relevance. Both New York and California styles wrap an entire citation in parentheses when used as a stand-alone sentence to support the preceding sentence, although New York places the terminating period outside the parentheses, whereas California places it inside. New York wraps just the reporter and page references in parentheses when the citation is used as a clause.
2675:) is a project started by the Income-tax Department, Government of India. It has been envisaged as a tool to achieve efficiency in the tax litigation process of Income Tax Department (ITD). Within this project the Judicial Research & Reference System (JRRS) – JRRS is a repository of judicial orders as a single, indexed, searchable, cross-linked, database of Judgments / orders of ITAT, Authority of Advance Ruling (AAR), HC and SC.
6195:, Research Guide (London: SOAS Library, August 2012), pp. 5–6. 'The small letter "v" is an abbreviation of versus. However, the term "and" is used to pronounce it, rather than "v" or "versus", e.g. the case "Smith v Jones" would be pronounced "Smith and Jones." . . . A case can be pronounced in a number of ways, e.g. "R. v Smith" would be pronounced either "the Crown against Smith", or it can be referred to as simply "Smith." '
39:
2561:
3855:
507:, there has been divergence among citation styles. There exist commercial citation guides published by Butterworths and other legal publishing companies, academic citation styles and court citation styles. Each court in Australia may cite the same case slightly differently. There is presently a movement in convergence to the comprehensive academic citation style of the
5083:. United States case reporters are sequentially numbered, but the volume number is never higher than 999. When the 1,000th volume is reached (the threshold in earlier years was lower), the volume number is reset to 1 and a "2d" is appended after the reporter's abbreviation. Some case reporters are in their third series, and a few are approaching their fourth.
4228:. These have been published since 1865. They have always been split into a number of different series, the current series being the Appeal Cases (AC), Chancery (Ch), Family (Fam), and Queen's Bench (QB) (or King's Bench—KB—depending on the monarch of the time). These four series are cited in preference to all others in court.
5741:(FRAP) should be amended so that unpublished cases in all circuits could be cited as precedent. In 2006, the Supreme Court, over the objection of several hundred judges and lawyers, adopted a new Rule 32.1 of FRAP requiring that federal courts allow citation of unpublished cases. The rule took effect on January 1, 2007.
5510:
out-of-state attorneys are more likely to have access to these. Many lawyers prefer to include both citations. Some state courts require that parallel citations (in this case, citing to both the official reporter and an unofficial regional reporter) be used when citing cases from any court in that state's system.
5641:
It is also argued that this is in part because in many states, especially
California, the legislature has failed to expand the judiciary to keep up with population growth (for various political and fiscal reasons). To deal with their crushing caseloads, many judges prefer to write shorter-than-normal
101:
In some report series, for example in
England, Australia and some in Canada, volumes are not numbered independently of the year: thus the year and volume number (usually no greater than 4) are required to identify which book of the series has the case reported within its covers. In such citations, it
5853:
Even then, such citations are still quite lengthy, and may look quite mysterious and intimidating to laypersons when they read court opinions. Since the 1980s, there has been an ongoing debate among
American judges as to whether they should relegate such lengthy citations to footnotes to improve the
5160:
In the caption of a
Supreme Court case, the first name listed is the name of the petitioning (appealing) party, followed by the party responding (respondent) to the appeal. In most cases, the appealing party was the losing party in the prior court. This is no longer the practice used in cases in the
4201:
The term "reporter", meaning a law report or a series of them, is not widely used in
England and Wales. Before 1865, English courts used a large number of privately printed reports, and cases were cited based on which report they appeared in. (This system was also used in the United States and other
3334:
and other lower courts, citation of their decisions hews to the same format as cases not reported either in the
Philippine Reports or the SCRA. Thus: (case name), (docket number), (date of promulgation of decision). For the Court of Appeals, docket numbers begin as CA-G.R. No., followed by either CR
2128:
In
Germany there are two types of citation: the full citation of a case and its shortened form. In e.g. scientific articles, the full citation of a particular case is only used at its first occurrence; after that, its shortened form is used. In most law journals, the articles themselves only use the
1166:
The seventh edition of the McGill Guide, published 2010-08-20, removes most full stop/period (".") characters from the citations, e.g., a citation to the
Supreme Court Reports that previously would have been 1 S.C.R. 791, is now 1 SCR 791. Most full stops are also removed from styles of cause. The
5793:
In practice, most lawyers go one step farther, once they have developed the correct citation for a case using the rules discussed above. Most court opinions contain holdings on multiple issues, so lawyers need to cite to the page that contains the specific holding they wish to invoke in their own
3970:
UKHL 20 identifies the 20th judgment in 2002 in the UK House of Lords. UKHL stands for UK House of Lords. EWHC and EWCA identify the
England and Wales High Court and Court of Appeal respectively. These abbreviations are generally followed by an abbreviation indicating the court or division (e.g.
5509:
Abbreviations for lower courts vary by state, as each state has its own system of trial courts and intermediate appellate courts. When a case appears in both an official reporter and a regional reporter, either citation can be used. Generally, citing to the regional reporter is preferred, since
3128:
decisions are expressly recognized as part of the internal law, and are thus frequently cited in court decisions and legal pleadings. Though there is only one
Supreme Court in the Philippines, the citation of its decisions varies, depending on which reporter of a case is relied on by the person
3962:
Since 2001, judgments in the House of Lords, Privy Council, Court of Appeal and Administrative Court have been issued with neutral citations. This system was extended to other parts of the High Court in 2002. Judgments with neutral citations are freely available on the British and Irish Legal
5691:. These services have their own citation formats based on the year of the case, an abbreviation indicating the computer service (or a specific database of that computer service), and an identification number; citations to online databases also usually include the case's
6164:
Today's auction system on oversold flights, ironically, is the stepchild of a 1976 Supreme Court case, Nader vs. Allegheny, in which the late and little lamented Allegheny Airlines (known to its long suffering passengers as Agony Airlines) picked the wrong passenger to
5066:) (abbreviated L. Ed.), which are printed by private companies and provide further annotations to the opinions of the Court. Although a citation to the latter two is not required, some attorneys and legal writers prefer to cite all three case reporters at once:
5529:, was started in the latter half of the 19th century and incorporated into the series a number of prior editions originally published privately, and began numbering from that point; "6 Met." refers to the 6th volume that had originally been published privately by
685:
Australian courts and tribunals have now adopted a neutral citation standard for case law. The format provides a naming system that does not depend on the publication of the case in a law report. Most cases are now published on AustLII using neutral citations.
5749:
With the rise of the web, many courts placed new cases on websites. Some were published while others never lost their "unpublished" status. The major legal citation systems required cites to the officially published page numbers, in which publishers such as
5737:, unpublished cases from that state's courts can only be cited if the case was decided after January 1, 2003, and "there is no published opinion that would adequately address the issue before the court". From 2004 to 2006, federal judges debated whether the
5260:
State court decisions are published in several places. Many states have their own official state reporters, which publish decisions of one or more of that state's courts. Reporters that publish decisions of a state's highest court are abbreviated using the
5835:
But in its opinions, the Court usually provides a direct pin cite only to the official reporter. The two unofficial reporters, when they reprint the Court's opinions, add on parallel cites to each other, but do not add pin cites. Therefore, a citation to
5719:; the citation includes the case's original docket number (No. 3:02CV458(MRK)), the date of decision, the database (U.S. Dist. LEXIS, indicating the LexisNexis database for U.S. District Court cases), and a unique serial number in that database (11266).
5116:, and at the same time simultaneously numbered the volumes previously published privately as part of a single series and began numbering sequentially from that point. In this way, "5 U.S. (1 Cranch)" means that it is the 5th overall volume of the
4927:, when defending in the high court of the jurisdiction. Litigants are generally referred to by their last name (when they are natural persons), and a case is generally referred to by the first named litigant on each side of the case. In this example,
4021:
If a case is not reported in the Law Reports, the next best report is the Weekly Law Reports (e.g. 2 WLR 1315), and then the All England Reports (e.g., 2 All ER 865). In some situations, it might be preferable to cite a specialist series, e.g.,
5049:
Many court decisions are published in more than one reporter. A citation to two or more reporters for a given court decision is called a "parallel citation". For U.S. Supreme Court decisions, there are several unofficial reporters, including the
3823:). In this example, 133 is the annual issue of the court reports, II the part indicating the division of the Court, and 292 the page on which the decision begins. Optionally, "E. 3.2" and "S. 296" are the section and page specifically cited.
950:
There are a number of citation standards in Canada. Many legal publishing companies and schools have their own standard for citation. Since the late 1990s, however, much of the legal community has converged to a single standard—formulated in
80:
is a "reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position." Where cases are published on paper, the citation usually contains the following information:
5707:; the citation includes the case's original docket number (No. 03-3587), and a citation to the electronic database that indicates the date of decision, the database (WL for Westlaw) and a unique serial number in that database (2495842).
5346:) means the citation must specify which division issued the opinion. This is especially salient as the Appellate Division hears appeals from the Law and Chancery Divisions, as occurred with the example case (a rehearing on remand of
5928:, particular legal journals, or specialization-specific reporters. States with their own unique style for court documents and case opinions also publish their own style guides, which include information on their citation rules.
2527:
India's vast federated judicial system admits to a large number of reporters, each with their own style of citation. There are over 200 law reports in India – subject-wise and state (province)-wise, authorized and unauthorized.
365:, probably due to its widespread invocation in American culture. This pronunciation—which is discouraged within the legal profession—is otherwise rare among the general public, even when referring to other well-known cases like
1807:
is currently working on a public database which will make all judgments available to the public (currently only the Supreme Court as well as the Maritime and Commercial Court do this). The database is expected to implement the
2536:
The official reporter for Supreme Court decisions is the Supreme Court Reports. These reports however lag behind other journals in the speed of reporting. While decisions themselves are uploaded by the Supreme Court itself on
4980:
The abbreviated name of the court is included inside the parenthesis before the year if the name of the court is not obvious from the reporter. This rule comes into play because certain reporters, such as members of the West
6223:
In speech, the 'v' between the parties' names is rendered 'and' in a civil action and 'against' in a criminal action both in Australia and the United Kingdom. It is not pronounced 'versus' as it is in the United States of
5757:
A vendor-neutral citation movement led to provisions being made for citations to web-based cases and other legal materials. A few courts modified their rules to specifically take into account cases "published" on the web.
109:
The Internet brought with it the opportunity for courts to publish their decisions on websites and most published court decisions now appear in that way. They can be found through many national and other websites, such as
30:
Various case citations redirect here. If you are looking for the text of an opinion, you may find it in the external links at the bottom of the article on that case. For Knowledge (XXG)'s template for citing cases, see
1850:
The most broad of the reporters. Publishes all decisions of the Supreme Court, principal decisions from the High Courts and, in special cases, decisions from municipal courts or other bodies, regardless of topic area.
4029:
For cases before 2001, cite the best report. If referring to a particular page of the judgment, give that page number after the page number on which the report begins. The following citation refers to page 573 of the
5634:) are published each year. This is mainly because judges certify only significant decisions for publication, due to the massive number of frivolous appeals flowing through the courts and the importance of avoiding
2637:
1992 Supp (2) SCC 239, which points to page 239 of the Second Supplementary Volume of the SCC reports in the year 1992. From 1996 the Supplementary Volumes were numbered in sequence after the regular volumes.
5667:; the docket number and specific date allow a researcher to track down the printed copy maintained by the court if needed (legal citation forms strongly prefer citations to traditional printed resources).
2905:
New Zealand courts and tribunals have begun to adopt a neutral citation standard for case law. The format provides a naming system that does not depend on the publication of the case in a law report.
5547:, who had been appointed to report New York cases; the case was before the New York Supreme Court of Judicature (now defunct). Most states gave up this practice in the mid-to-late 19th century, but
4985:, publish opinions originating from multiple courts. In this example, the name of the court (United States Supreme Court) is obvious (since only decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are published in
3985:
If a neutral citation is available for a judgment, it should immediately follow the party names. If the judgment has also been reported in a law reports series, follow the neutral citation with the
2584:, "1984" is the year of judgement (AIR does not use a volume-based classification), "SC" refers to the Supreme Court of India, and "571" is the first page number of the report within the volume;
5143:
When a case has been decided, but not yet published in the case reporter, the citation may note the volume but leave blank the page of the case reporter until it is determined. For example,
5801:, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the word "person" as used in the Fourteenth Amendment does not include the unborn. That particular holding appears on page 158 of the volume in which the
5664:
125:
The resulting flood of non-paginated information has led to numbering of paragraphs and the adoption of a medium-neutral citation system. This usually contains the following information:
5133:
5097:
5058:
4993:
Case citations are used to find a particular case, both when looking up a case in a printed reporter and when accessing it via the Internet or services such as LexisNexis or Westlaw.
5236:
918:
5225:
2598:(the name of the reporter), and "289" is the first page number of the report within the volume. The "SC" in parentheses indicates that the case was heard by the Supreme Court.
5716:
4168:
3233:
has suffered from production problems, resulting in long delays in publication, as well as significant gaps within its published series. As a result, the privately published
106:"[year]" to the publication year (which may not be the year that the case was decided: for example, a case decided in December 2001 may have been reported in 2002).
6716:
5581:
style of simply dropping in the citation as a separate sentence without further adornment. Both systems use less punctuation and spacing in their reporter abbreviations.
6590:
6554:
5937:
5220:
3980:
2293:, 2009 is the year, 1234 the page of the beginning and 1235 the cited page(s) – "f." stands for "seq.". In general, citations of the official collections are preferred.
2205:
BVerfGE 65, 1 (43), Urteil des Ersten Senats vom 15. Dezember 1983 auf die mündliche Verhandlung vom 18. und 19. Oktober 1983, Az. 1 BvR 209, 269, 362, 420, 440, 484/83.
908:
5215:
When lower federal court opinions are cited, the citation includes the name of the court. This is placed in the parentheses immediately before the year. Some examples:
2545:(AIR) is an old and respected reporter that, in addition to the Supreme Court, also reports decisions of the various State High Courts. Other popular reporters include
2541:, the edited versions with headnotes in the official reporter take years to compile. However, some reporters have been authorised to publish the Court's decisions. The
4007:
This means that a report of the case and the judgment can be found in the 2002 volumes, vol 2, of the Law Reports series called Appeals Cases, beginning at page 692.
3107:
Finally, one can add the popular name of the decision. It is unusual to refer to name of the plaintiff(s) and defendant(s), but often there is an unofficial name.
2332:
2317:
1163:
This format was adopted as the standard in 2006, in the sixth edition of the McGill Guide. Prior to this format, the opposite order of parallel citation was used.
5265:
for the state's name (i.e., not the postal abbreviation), regardless of what the actual title of the reporter is. Thus, the official reporter of decisions of the
5262:
5642:
opinions that dispose of minor issues in the case in a sentence or two. They avoid publishing such abbreviated opinions, however, so as not to risk creating bad
5343:
5204:"official" reporters of the lower federal courts because of the absence of a true official reporter. (Of the federal appeals and district courts, only one, the
3957:
5733:—forbid attorneys to cite unpublished cases as precedent. Other systems allow citation of unpublished cases only under specific circumstances. For example, in
5774:; the citation to the numbering system adopted by the court ("1997 FED App. 0318P") eliminates the need to cite to a specific vendor's product, in this case
5704:
953:
6663:
D.C. Circuit Rule 32.1 provides: "Citations to decisions of this court must be to the Federal Reporter. Dual or parallel citation of cases is not required."
1139:
If the year of decision is the same as the year of the report and the date is a part of the reporter's citation, then the date need not be listed after the
5771:
5313:
1417:
adopted a neutral citation standard for case law. The format provides a naming system that does not depend on the publication of the case in a law report.
3966:
Neutral citations identify judgments independently of any series of reports, and cite only parties, year of judgment, court and case number. For example,
5888:
5630:
A growing number of court decisions are not published in case reporters. For example, only 7% of the opinions of the California intermediate courts (the
5108:, who was responsible for publishing Supreme Court reports from 1801 to 1815. Such reports, named for the individual who gathered them and hence called "
5440:) have stopped publishing their own official reporters, and instead have certified the appropriate West regional reporter as their "official" reporter.
1843:
Weekly Reporter of the Judiciary (translated varyingly as "the Danish Weekly Law Reports", "the Weekly Law Journal", and "the Weekly Law Review" by the
1107:(French). Prior to 1984 the appellant party would always be named first. However, since then case names do not switch order when the case is appealed.
6810:
6187:
5766:
3271:
is the case docket number originally assigned by the Supreme Court at the time the action was filed with the Court (G.R. stands for General Register)
2607:
5513:
Like the United States Supreme Court, some very old state case citations include an abbreviation of the name of either the private publisher or the
4187:"( )" are used when the year is not essential but is useful for information purposes, e.g., in reports that have a cumulative volume number such as
2704:
2687:
1792:
1167:
seventh edition also further highlights the significance of neutral citations (i.e., tribunal-assigned citations that are publisher-independent).
6466:
3111:
refers to a 1952 case where the Supreme Court ruled that telephone harassment ("telefonsjikane") was not illegal under the current criminal code.
2469:
2373:
in short (in this example, the page cited is not specifically page 347 but that and those which follow, as indicated by the abbreviation "ff.").
1779:
If a decision has not been published in a reporter, more identifying information is needed. Generally, citations to unreported cases involve the
5562:, have their own citation systems that differ significantly from the various federal and national standards. In California, the year is placed
5424:
also each have their own line of Thomson West reporters, because of the large volume of cases generated in those states (titled, respectively,
4164:
2482:
For other courts, generally the same rules apply, though most do not publish an official collection, so they must be cited from a law journal.
2454:
804:
794:
519:
436:
5328:
are dedicated solely to reporting decisions of the Illinois Appellate Court, there is no need to repeat the court designation before the year.
6476:
6427:
6374:
6311:
6135:
5906:
2633:
1155:
69:, or in a neutral style that identifies a decision regardless of where it is reported. Case citations are formatted differently in different
5738:
5278:
5136:
for other edition names. The name of the reporter of decisions has not been used in citations since the U.S. government began printing the
4341:
2327:
2312:
1525:
5695:
number and the specific date when it was decided (due to the preference for citation to traditional printed resources). Examples include:
5676:), Thomson West has recently started making available all decisions officially considered "unpublished" in a separate publication called
2445:
6417:
2397:
6760:
5657:
been published or put in an electronic database, a citation to the case's docket number before the court that decided it is required.
5015:
4997:
2792:
2628:
The "Supreme Court Cases (SCC)" published supplementary reports for a few years in the early 1990s. Those citations looked like this:
2269:
868:
808:
783:
508:
424:
376:
48:
2654:
397:
This is the process of analysis that is quite familiar to the Court, very lengthily laid out by Justice Harlan in his dissent in Poe
6742:
6641:
6526:
6216:
3989:, which is usually from the official Law Reports series (Appeals Cases – AC, Chancery – Ch, Family – Fam, Queen's Bench – QB etc.).
3938:
3834:
respectively. In this example, 5C is the division of the Court, 260 the case number and 2006 the year in which the case was opened.
1795:'s judgment of May 3 in case no. V-17-17). Certain authors format these citations to mimic the "short citation" of published cases.
858:
2646:
898:
2464:
6451:
3149:
3125:
3020:
1680:
Denmark has no official standard or style guide governing case citation. However, most case citations include the same elements.
830:
532:
6775:
4045:
6713:
5983:
5125:
4763:
4705:
3007:
2421:
2089:
840:
819:
513:
430:
6516:
There are two earlier series of Natal Law Reports. The earlier one covers 1867 to 1872, and the later one covers 1873 to 1879.
5533:. An example of a case cited to a reporter that has not been subsequently incorporated into an officially published series is
2440:
6021:
Industrial Law Journal including the Industrial Law Reports. Juta & Co. Cape Town, South Africa. This journal is not the
5177:
3876:
3872:
3161:
2620:
2392:
2289:
2060:
1844:
5497:
report the opinions of more courts than only the New York Court of Appeals. A citation to the officially published reports,
3919:
1767:
Certain reporters, such as Tidsskrift for Skatter og Afgifter, do not identify published decisions by page number, but by a
6155:
5092:, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803). The "(1 Cranch)" refers to the fact that, before there was a reporter series known as the
4010:
To cite a particular paragraph from the judgment, add the paragraph number in square brackets at the end of the citation:
3891:
3838:
3124:
tradition in the Philippines, reliance on judicial precedents has become indispensable since the period of American rule.
2995:
2137:
6301:
5703:, No. 03-3587, 2004 WL 2495842 (8th Cir. Nov. 8, 2004) – a case found on the Westlaw electronic database, decided by the
2572:
2416:
5294:
only report opinions of the New York Court of Appeals, there is no need to repeat the court designation before the year.
5187:
4996:
This format also allows different cases with the same parties to be easily differentiated. For example, looking for the
4935:," a pseudonym commonly used when it is appropriate to keep the identity of a litigant out of the public spotlight, and
2956:
2491:
2149:
2133:
2129:
shortened form; the full citations for all articles sometimes are summarized at the beginning of that journals edition.
1809:
6570:. p 15. Larby and Hannam. The Commonwealth. (International Organizations Series, vol 5). Transaction Publishers. 1993.
5711:
6828:
5943:
5653:
For cases that have not been published or put in an electronic database, or very recently decided cases that have not
5033:
4183:, above—do not have volume numbers or, if there are multiple volumes in a single year, they are numbered 1, 2, etc.).
3801:
3331:
3033:
2969:
1804:
381:
367:
119:
6801:
5822:
And a parallel cite to all three U.S. Supreme Court reporters, combined with pin cites for all three, would produce:
3898:
932:
6236:
1939:
Publishes decisions from courts and administrative bodies, both national and international, relevant to the area of
5631:
3306:
that contains the beginning of the decision. If this number is followed by a comma then another page number (i.e.,
3205:
that contains the beginning of the decision. If this number is followed by a comma then another page number (i.e.,
2275:
If decisions are not yet published by the court, or will not be published at all, law journals can be cited, e.g.,
2001:
Publishes decisions from the High Courts and the Special Court of Indictment and Revision relevant to the areas of
1957:
Publishes decisions from the courts as well as principal decisions from arbitration bodies relevant to the area of
1014:
755:
5699:
5169:
4231:
The table below is an incomplete list of law reports other than "The Law Reports", nominate reports and reprints.
3865:
2897:
Additionally, a number of other report series exist for specialist areas such as Family, Employment and Tax Law.
6179:
5478:
5451:
5335:
5283:
5173:
Map of the geographic boundaries of the various United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts
5100:, cases were gathered, bound together, and sold privately by the Court's Reporter of Decisions. In this example,
2982:
2587:(1984) 1 SCC 339 – "1984" is the year of publication, "1" is the volume number of the reporter, "SCC" stands for
1414:
878:
773:
5683:
Cases intentionally left officially unpublished are nonetheless often "published" on computer services, such as
5342:, the organization of the Superior Court into three divisions (the Law Division, the Chancery Division, and the
5305:
5266:
5051:
4982:
3905:
3121:
2798:
2302:
888:
478:
6770:
6388:"Versus, v., vs. – Writing Tips Plus – Writing Tools – Resources of the Language Portal of Canada – Canada.ca"
2009:. Also publishes summaries of criminal law and criminal procedure cases published in Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen.
4177:"" are used when the year is essential to locating the report (e.g., the official law reports either—as with
2502:
1721:
6838:
6833:
5730:
5672:
Even though only some decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeal are considered "published" (those appearing in
5501:, 20 N.Y.2d 238 (1967), however, does not require the court name in the parenthetical, because the official
5489:, 229 N.E.2d 192 (N.Y. 1967). Note, in both forms, that "N.Y." is placed in the parenthetical, because both
5071:
4328:
4315:
4258:
4189:
4120:
3078:
1713:
1487:
1474:
745:
168:
139:
Rather than utilizing page numbers for pinpoint references, which would depend upon particular printers and
6387:
5006:
would yield four cases, some involving different people named Miller, and each involving different issues.
6022:
5402:
5396:
5384:
5372:
5317:
3887:
215:
3044:
Where both a neutral citation and a reporter citation exist, the neutral citation should come first e.g.
2190:
5953:
5514:
5465:
5161:
federal courts of appeal, in which the original alignment of parties from the lower court is preserved.
5020:
4963:
2516:
2123:
43:
2179:
Starting in 2004, the court also publishes the BVerfGK collection, containing decisions made only by a
4213:(All ER). In addition, a number of unofficial specialist law reports focus on particular areas, e.g.,
2641:
The SCC also have a separate series of subject-based reporting of the decisions of the Supreme Court:
6263:
Warren E. Burger: Before we hear the arguments in Sony Corporation against Universal City Studios ...
5635:
5566:
the names of the parties and the reference to the case reporter; in New York, the year is wrapped in
5002:
4961:
U.S. is the abbreviation of the reporter, or printed book of court opinions. Here, "U.S." stands for
4944:
4692:
4179:
4094:
2430:
2406:
2382:
2346:
2072:
1888:
1279:
728:
There is a unique court identifier code for most courts. The court and tribunal identifiers include:
6184:
5354:
2195:
1791:
assigned by the court. For example: Sø- og Handelsrettens dom af 3. maj 2018 i sag nr. V-17-17 (The
5968:
5894:
2591:(the name of the reporter), and "339" is the first page number of the report within the volume; and
1512:
1143:. If the date of the decision is different from the year of the report, then both should be shown.
32:
5715:, No. 3:02CV458(MRK), 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11266 (D. Conn. June 1, 2004) – a case decided by the
159:
of justice, the names of the opposing parties are separated in the case title by the abbreviation
5900:
5231:
5192:
5109:
5088:
5041:
4629:
4568:
2006:
1129:
963:
156:
6443:
1865:
Publishes decisions from the courts and the Insurance Complaints Board relevant to the areas of
6566:
Lord Mackay of Clashfern (ed). Halsbury's Laws of England. 4th Ed. 2001 Reissue. Butterworths.
5370:
publishes several series of "regional reporters" that cover several states each. These are the
6738:
6637:
6631:
6472:
6423:
6370:
6307:
6212:
6131:
5604:
5517:, a state-appointed officer who originally collected and published the cases. For example, in
5390:
5378:
5248:
4148:
4057:
2594:
1984 Cri LJ 289 (SC) – "1984" is the year of publication, "Cri LJ" is an abbreviation for the
2095:
2085:
1940:
972:
320:
6571:
6419:
Philippines Constitution and Citizenship Law Handboook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws
6106:
Carries summary reports that can be used if, and only if, a verbatim report is not available.
6088:
Carries summary reports that can be used if, and only if, a verbatim report is not available.
6079:
Carries summary reports that can be used if, and only if, a verbatim report is not available.
6043:
Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of South Africa, Griqualand West Local Division
2699:
This Citation further allows to add the Authority where the judgment / order was pronounced.
5912:
5780:
5775:
5559:
5421:
5408:
5182:
4716:
2351:
2024:
1962:
1717:
345:
316:
5128:(for example, "4 U.S. (4 Dall.)"), and after Cranch's 9 volumes, 12 more were published by
3912:
1724:
volume 1968 as the second judgment on page 84. A citation of this case could take the form
6805:
6720:
6492:
5987:
5855:
5751:
5625:
5535:
5299:
5273:) is abbreviated "Cal." (or, for subsequent series, "Cal. 2d," "Cal. 3d", or "Cal. 4th").
5149:
4859:
4678:
4423:
4375:
4160:
1984:
1918:
1900:
393:
even managed to use all three of the most common American pronunciations interchangeably:
5840:
in a later Supreme Court decision as viewed on Lexis or Westlaw would appear as follows:
3330:
As there are no official or unofficial reporters that regularly publish decisions of the
1146:
Where available, cases should be cited with their neutral citation immediately after the
6672:
5334:, 438 N.J. Super. 545 (Ch. Div. 2014). Note that although all published opinions of the
5290:. Note that the New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York. Because the
4224:
For the citation of "The Law Reports" of the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting, see
3310:), the latter number indicates the particular page where the annotated text can be found
3209:), the latter number indicates the particular page where the annotated text can be found
1917:
Publishes decisions from administrative and arbitration bodies relevant to the areas of
954:
The Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation / Manuel canadien de la référence juridique
5963:
5871:
5867:
5692:
5530:
5121:
5105:
4951:
3250:
1896:
62:
6468:
High-level Political Appointments in the Philippines: Patronage, Emotion and Democracy
6034:
Sometimes abbreviated "SALR", which is also used for the South Australian Law Reports.
4159:(queen), is used for cases in which the state is a party (typically criminal cases or
2936:
There is a unique court identifier for each court or tribunal. These identifiers are:
2361:
BGHSt 35, 347 ff., Urteil des 4. Strafsenats vom 15. September 1988, Az. 4 StR 352/88.
2152:
are published by the court in its official collection. This collection is abbreviated
1979:
Publishes decisions from the courts and administrative bodies relevant to the area of
38:
6822:
5883:
5859:
5544:
5243:
5129:
4908:
3237:(published by Central Professional Books, Inc.) has become more widely used than the
1866:
1768:
385:(1992), the participants demonstrated the lack of consensus on the pronunciation of "
333:
is used by some law professors, but other law professors regard it as an affectation.
288:
6367:
Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation / Manuel canadien de la référence juridique
5980:
5886:
citations. There are many citation guides; the most commonly acknowledged is called
5794:
case. Such citations are known as pinpoint citations, "pin cites", or "jump cites".
5200:; they are technically unofficial reporters, but have become widely accepted as the
295:
This has led to much confusion about the pronunciation and spelling of court cases:
6701:
5437:
5367:
5359:
5205:
5197:
2323:
2002:
958:
278:, both civil and criminal cases are pronounced using "against" in the place of "v".
233:
70:
6288:
John Paul Stevens: We'll hear argument in the case of Smith against Massachusetts.
5997:
3084:
Many judgments and decisions from lower courts are published in Rettens gang (RG).
2560:
6735:
The Winning Brief: 100 Tips for Persuasive Briefing in Trial and Appellate Courts
6567:
5992:
5112:", existed from 1790 to 1874. Beginning in 1874, the U.S. government created the
4857:
The Supreme Court has issued a practice note on the use of neutral citation. The
6683:
5845:
5827:
5814:
5588:
case above would be cited (using the official reporter) to a New York court as:
4876:
4225:
3854:
2338:
1958:
1892:
1771:. Citations to these reporters use the serial number in place of a page number.
1112:
1041:
361:
140:
17:
5312:. Note that, in contrast to New York, the Illinois Appellate Court is only the
4171:
prosecute the case, the abbreviation "AG" or "DPP" will be used instead of "R"
6191:
6070:
Archbold abbreviates it to "Cox," which is also used for Cox's Chancery Cases.
5958:
5925:
5726:
5684:
5555:
5413:
4940:
4924:
4904:
3056:
The Norwegian standard case citation format for published court decisions is:
2658:
1991 SCC (L&S) 1213, which refers to the SCC Labour & Services Reports
1980:
1689:
1116:). Criminal cases are prosecuted by the Crown, which is always represented by
418:
Legal citation in Australia generally mirrors the methods of citation used in
302:
is most commonly used, leading some newspapers to use the common abbreviation
152:
66:
58:
6780:
6407:, edited by Frédéric Pelletier, Daniel Poulin and Martin Felsky (2009-04-02).
5584:
For example, assuming that it is being placed as a stand-alone sentence, the
1099:
is italicized as in all other countries and the party names are separated by
405:
Connecticut. ... Well, I think that that is the necessary consequence of Roe
5643:
4916:
4900:
4896:
4604:
2105:
444:
390:
275:
5920:
refer to the official reporters, rather than a publication service such as
3826:
Supreme Court decisions not selected for official publication are cited as
1760:
indicates that the judgment is the second one on that particular page, and
6795:
6275:
6254:
4903:, the party appealing in a case being appealed from a lower court, or the
4651:
The table below is a list of series that are reprints of earlier reports.
2803:. The AGLC style is also rather similar to citation style in New Zealand.
6785:
6327:
6211:(3rd ed.). Melbourne University Law Review Association. p. 43.
5734:
5578:
5548:
5417:
5242:
U.S. circuit and district court cases from 1789 to 1880 were reported in
5124:; four volumes of opinions prior to that were (for example) published by
4932:
4920:
4728:
1922:
1870:
967:, which first published it. The following format reflects this standard:
111:
6765:
5948:
5921:
5688:
5571:
5567:
4184:
4174:
3879: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3318:, the above citation without reference to the SCRA is preferred (i.e.,
2042:
419:
103:
6206:
5831:, 410 U.S. 113, 158, 93 S. Ct. 705, 729, 35 L. Ed. 2d 147, 180 (1973).
5196:(F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, or F. Supp. 3d). Both series are published by
5086:
Some very old Supreme Court cases have odd-looking citations, such as
4891:
is the abbreviated name of the case. Generally, the first name (here,
2132:
A third type (yet not too widely spread) is the citation by using the
1712:. As an example, the "Aalborg Kloster-judgment", a precedent-setting
504:
3335:
for criminal, CV for civil, and SP for the "Special Cases Section".
1812:, which will make uniform, neutral citations of decisions possible.
6400:
4899:, who is the party who filed the suit for an original case, or the
3958:
British and Irish Legal Information Institute § Case citations
3219:
As of present, Philippine cases are contained in quarterly issues.
2549:, which has become the most cited report in the Supreme Court, the
6737:(3d ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 176–182.
5649:
Attorneys have several options in citing "unpublished" decisions:
5353:
5190:
cases and cases from some specialized courts are published in the
5168:
5079:
The "2d" after the L. Ed. signifies the second series of the
2559:
401:
Ullman, and then adumbrated in his concurring opinion in Griswold
37:
6130:(9th Abridged ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: West. p. 221.
5485:
s 2nd series. The case also appears in West's regional reporter:
4151:
as with certain Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation "R" for
3716:
South African Law Reports, Orange Free State Provincial Division
2790:
Several leading law reviews in New Zealand have also adopted the
1110:
Undisclosed parties to a case are represented by initials (e.g.,
291:, there is no consensus on the pronunciation of the abbreviation
6405:
The Preparation, Citation and Distribution of Canadian Decisions
5663:, No. 77 Civ. 1782 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 30, 1977) – a decision of the
5521:, 47 Mass. (6 Met.) 431 (1843), the citation is to volume 47 of
4844:
2709:
2692:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2268:
For the meaning of the different case numbers of the BVerfG see
5767:
Equal. Found. of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City of Cincinnati
4954:" that reported the Court's written opinion in the case titled
2608:
Additional Secretary, Government of India v. Alka Subhash Gadia
5770:, 1997 FED App. 0318P (6th Cir.) – a 1997 case decided by the
3996:
was reported in the Appeals Cases, so the citation should be:
3848:
351:
115:
6636:(3rd ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. p. 155.
5235:, 229 F. Supp. 2d 1290 (M.D. Ala. 2002) – a 2002 case in the
4205:
Two main unofficial law reports report all areas of law: the
4026:
was also cited in the Human Rights Law Reports, at HRLR 32.
27:
System for uniquely identifying individual rulings of a court
5849:, 410 U.S. 113, 158, 93 S. Ct. 705, 35 L. Ed. 2d 147 (1973).
3572:
South African Law Reports, Eastern Districts Local Division
3241:, even by the courts. The proper format for citation of the
2705:
Chandra Ranganathan & Ors. v. Commissioner of Income-tax
2688:
Chandra Ranganathan & Ors. v. Commissioner of Income-tax
2650:
1994 SCC (Cri) 740, which refers to the SCC Criminal Reports
2259:
auf die mündliche Verhandlung vom 18. und 19. Oktober 1983,
6257:
Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
5539:, 3 Cai. 175 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1804), reported in volume 3 of
4871:
The standard case citation format in the United States is:
3277:
is the exact date the decision of this case was promulgated
3081:
are published in Retstidende (Court Times), abbreviated Rt.
6790:
6761:
American Association of Law Libraries Legal Citation Guide
5246:, abbreviated F. Cas. An example of the citation form is:
3620:
South African Law Reports, Griqualand West Local Division
1454:
There is a unique court identifier code for most courts.
422:. A widely used guide to Australian legal citation is the
5665:
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
3775:
South African Law Reports, Transvaal Provincial Division
3104:
is the first page number of the decision in the reporter.
3098:
is the Norwegian abbreviation for page. This is optional.
338:
57:
is a system used by legal professionals to identify past
6355:
6330:
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
5134:
Supreme Court of the United States Reporter of Decisions
4447:
Butterworths Intellectual Property and Technology Cases
3786:
South African Law Reports, Witwatersrand Local Division
1710:
name or abbreviation of the court which decided the case
1708:
if more than one judgment is on a page), as well as the
1225:
Alberta, Northwest Territories & Yukon Tax Reporter
765:
Federal Court of Australia – Full Court (appeals bench)
211:
Most Commonwealth countries follow English legal style:
5577:
Either way, both state styles differ from the national/
5120:
series, but the first that was originally published by
5075:, 381 U.S. 479, 85 S. Ct. 1678, 14 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1965)
2634:
Federation of Mining Associations v. State of Rajasthan
5505:
only report opinions of the New York Court of Appeals.
5443:
Here are some examples of how to cite West reporters:
5237:
U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
4977:
1973 is the year when the court rendered its decision.
3800:
Citations vary by court and by language. Cases of the
323:
preferred to announce cases at the Supreme Court with
6471:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 91.
5450:, 583 S.E.2d 780 (Va. Ct. App. 2003) – a case in the
5059:
United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' Edition
4046:
Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities
3668:
South African Law Reports, Natal Provincial Division
2721:
The standard case citation format in New Zealand is:
2041:
Reports decisions and new legislation in the area of
919:
Magistrates Court of the Australian Capital Territory
389:", using different pronunciations. Solicitor General
6766:
Introduction to Basic Legal Citation by Peter Martin
6205:
Melbourne University Law Review Association (2010).
5866:
citations to footnotes, but jurists such as Justice
5854:
readability of their opinions, as strongly urged by
3502:
South African Law Reports, Cape Provincial Division
348:
5717:
U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut
5454:(an intermediate appellate court) published in the
5252:, 29 F. Cas. 862 (C.C.E.D. Pa. 1832) (No. 17,486).
4169:
Director of Public Prosecutions (England and Wales)
1704:where the decision begin (sometimes followed by an
428:, commonly known as AGLC, published jointly by the
6630:Putman, William H.; Albright, Jennifer R. (2014).
5882:There are two types of citations: proprietary and
5600:And, again, as a stand-alone sentence, the famous
3314:When citing cases not yet reported in the SCRA or
786:(formerly Federal Magistrates Court of Australia)
143:, pinpoint quotations refer to paragraph numbers.
73:, but generally contain the same key information.
6615:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
6603:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
6591:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
6555:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
5938:Oxford Standard for Citation Of Legal Authorities
5324:, abbreviated "Ill." (or "Ill. 2d"). Because the
5224:, 7 F.3d 324 (3d Cir. 1993) – a 1993 case in the
5221:Geary v. Visitation of Blessed Virgin Mary School
3981:Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities
909:Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory
4989:) and is thus omitted as a matter of convention.
3963:Information Institute website (www.bailii.org).
2311:, short BGH) publishes the official collections
2136:, a ″neutral″ citation system introduced by the
980:Broken into its component parts, the format is:
187:can be pronounced, depending on the context, as
102:is usual in these jurisdictions to apply square
6493:"Internal Rules of the Court of Appeals (IRCA)"
5477:, 282 N.Y.S.2d 497 (N.Y. 1967) – a case in the
2655:Delhi Transport Corporation v. Mazdoor Congress
1150:and preceding the print citation. For example,
395:
6527:"Schweizerisches Bundesgericht - Zitierregeln"
5607:case would be cited to a California court as:
4911:of a jurisdiction; and the second name (here,
4202:common law jurisdictions during that period.)
3366:South African Law Reports, Appellate Division
1859:Forsikrings- og Erstatningsretlig Domssamling
6776:Oxford Standard Citation Of Legal Authorities
6447:
4923:, the party responding to the appeal, or the
3837:The citation style for cases of the inferior
3254:, G.R. No. 180643, 25 March 2008, 549 SCRA 77
3148:is the official reporter of decisions of the
2647:Rathinam Nagbhushan Patnaik v. Union of India
1936:Decisions and Judgments in Environmental Law
1887:Publishes decisions relevant to the areas of
1764:identifies the court which decided the case.
8:
6149:
6147:
5969:Template for citing cases on Knowledge (XXG)
5705:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
5304:, 286 Ill. App. 3d 1 (1996) – a case in the
2458:
2434:
2410:
2386:
2306:
2180:
2171:
2161:
2140:in 2011, which Germany is participating in.
2023:Publishes decisions relevant to the area of
1247:All Canada Weekly Summaries (second series)
945:The Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation
315:is a matter of personal style. For example,
61:decisions, either in series of books called
5874:refuse to use footnotes in their opinions.
5805:decision was published. A full pin cite to
5772:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
5226:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
5212:, and even that one is rarely used today.)
5132:(e.g., "15 U.S. (2 Wheat.)"). See the
4919:, the party responding to the suit, or the
2602:A citation of the "Supreme Court Almanac":
1203:Administrative Law Reports (second series)
135:Decision number (not the court file number)
5889:The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
5464:, 137 So. 161 (Fla. 1931) – a case in the
5147:565 U.S. 302 (2012) was properly cited as
3152:. The standard format for citation of the
2678:The Citation nomenclature followed within
2262:Az. 1 BvR 209, 269, 362, 420, 440, 484/83
1501:Federal Court of Canada – Appeal Division
1214:Administrative Law Reports (third series)
183:. When case titles are read out loud, the
6625:
6623:
6156:"How the Airlines Became Abusive Cartels"
5761:An example of a vendor-neutral citation:
4970:113 is the page number (in volume 410 of
3939:Learn how and when to remove this message
2503:ECLI:DE:BVerfG:1983:rs19831215.1bvr020983
1954:Reporter of Housing and Construction Law
850:New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal
6180:School of Oriental & African Studies
5481:(New York's highest court) published in
5350:, 433 N.J. Super. 457 (App. Div. 2013)).
4733:
4653:
4233:
4062:
3807:Officially published cases are cited as
3729:
3681:
3633:
3585:
3537:
3478:
3388:Butterworths Constitutional Law Reports
3342:
2938:
2910:
2810:
2723:
2219:
1976:Reporter of Family- and Inheritance Law
1899:as well as registration of property and
1819:
1456:
1422:
1174:
1132:(advisory opinions) are always entitled
982:
730:
691:
537:
449:
6444:The Internal Rules of the Supreme Court
6118:
6014:
5366:In addition to the official reporters,
2621:Premium Granites v. State of Tamil Nadu
2061:"Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen gennem 150 år"
1601:British Columbia Securities Commission
1591:British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6550:
6548:
5809:for that holding would be as follows:
5661:Groucho Marx Prods. v. Playboy Enters.
5210:United States Court of Appeals Reports
4727:The standard case citation formats in
4491:Butterworths Local Government Reports
4165:Attorney General for England and Wales
2580:AIR 1984 SC 571 – "AIR" refers to the
1688:Citations of decisions published in a
805:Federal Magistrates Court of Australia
795:Federal Magistrates Court of Australia
520:Melbourne Journal of International Law
437:Melbourne Journal of International Law
118:, that are operated by members of the
6685:Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc.
5907:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
5613:Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc.
5282:, 248 N.Y. 339 (1928), a case in the
4546:Estates Gazette Planning Law Reports
4364:European Court of Human Rights Cases
4056:The standard case citation format in
3828:Urteil 5C.260/2006 vom 30. März 2007
3753:Transvaal Law Reports, Supreme Court
2908:The standard format looks like this:
1736:, or something similar. In this case
1734:Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen 1968, p. 84/2
1581:Provincial Court of British Columbia
1420:The standard format looks like this:
1312:Dominion Law Reports (fourth series)
1291:Dominion Law Reports (second series)
689:The standard format looks like this:
443:The standard case citation format in
263:In Australia and the United Kingdom,
7:
6786:Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations
6175:
6173:
5739:Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
5279:Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
5104:was first reported in an edition by
4342:Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing)
3877:adding citations to reliable sources
2671:National Judicial Reference System (
2663:National Judicial Reference System (
2517:ECLI:DE:BGH:1988:150988U4STR352.88.0
1694:name or abbreviation of the reporter
1399:Western Weekly Reports (New Series)
1301:Dominion Law Reports (third series)
1156:Chaoulli v Quebec (Attorney General)
721:case would then be cited like this:
6673:"New York Law Reports Style Manual"
6243:. The New York Times. June 4, 1989.
6237:"On Language: Child's Garden of Vs"
5862:and style. Most judges do relegate
4215:Entertainment and Media Law Reports
3454:South African Criminal Law Reports
3432:Prentice Hall Weekly Legal Service
3322:, G.R. No. 180643, 25 March 2008).
2866:New Zealand Administrative Reports
2856:New Zealand Bill of Rights Reports
2573:Sebastian Hongray v. Union of India
2235:More detailed information and date
2035:Tidsskrift for Skatter og Afgifter
1973:Tidsskrift for Familie- og Arveret
1862:Reporter of Insurance and Tort Law
1269:Canadian Cases on the Law of Torts
531:For a more comprehensive list, see
306:in place of the legal abbreviation
6812:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
6797:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
6369:, 9th ed. (Carswell, 2018-06-29),
6303:A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage
6208:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
5016:Supreme Court of the United States
5010:Supreme Court of the United States
4535:Occupational Pensions Law Reports
4524:The Law Times Reports, Old Series
4293:Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports
3832:arrêt 5C.260/2006 du 30 mars 2007
3764:Transvaal Law Reports, High Court
2793:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
2749:Taylor v New Zealand Poultry Board
2615:A citation in "Judgements Today":
1951:Tidsskrift for Bolig- og Byggeret
1644:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
1570:Supreme Court of British Columbia
933:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
869:Supreme Court of Western Australia
784:Federal Circuit Court of Australia
509:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
425:Australian Guide to Legal Citation
94:Page, section, or paragraph number
49:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
6781:Screencast introduction to OSCOLA
6154:Kuttner, Robert (17 April 2017).
5362:National Reporter System regions.
5340:New Jersey Superior Court Reports
4950:410 is the volume number of the "
4788:McFarlane v Tayside Health Board,
4458:Justice of the Peace Law Reports
4436:Industrial Relations Law Reports
3609:High Court of Griqualand Reports
3465:South African Labour Law Reports
3215:is the year the case was decided.
2708:2009-LL-1021-SC, which refers to
2279:BVerfG, NJW 2009, 1234 (1235 f.).
2185:, a specific panel of the court.
1933:Miljøretlige Afgørelser og Domme
1559:British Columbia Court of Appeal
859:District Court of New South Wales
359:) is used almost exclusively for
6452:Supreme Court of the Philippines
6097:It is also abbreviated "Sol Jo."
6025:published in the United Kingdom.
5981:State Laws, Code, & Statutes
5858:, one of the leading authors on
5326:Illinois Appellate Court Reports
5310:Illinois Appellate Court Reports
5096:compiled by the Supreme Court's
4502:Law Reports of the Commonwealth
4282:Butterworths Human Rights Cases
3853:
3705:Orange River Colony Law Reports
3561:Eastern Districts Court Reports
3399:Butterworths Labour Law Reports
3293:is the standard abbreviation of
3192:is the standard abbreviation of
3150:Supreme Court of the Philippines
3021:Environment Court of New Zealand
2845:Criminal Reports of New Zealand
2148:The most important cases of the
2104:Madsen, Lars Henrik Gam (2018).
831:Supreme Court of New South Wales
533:List of Law Reports in Australia
344:
6771:FindLaw for Legal Professionals
6714:AALL Citation Formats Committee
5725:Some court systems—such as the
4706:All England Law Reports Reprint
4271:Butterworths Company Law Cases
3864:needs additional citations for
3657:Natal Law Reports (New Series)
3304:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3295:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3285:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3243:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3235:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3224:Supreme Court Reports Annotated
3008:Employment Court of New Zealand
2877:New Zealand Family Law Reports
2453:The official collection of the
2429:The official collection of the
2405:The official collection of the
2381:The official collection of the
1752:identifies the year or volume,
1622:Alberta Court of Queen's Bench
1549:Competition Tribunal of Canada
1136:followed by the subject title.
841:New South Wales Court of Appeal
820:Administrative Appeals Tribunal
649:South Australian State Reports
572:Australian Law Journal Reports
561:Administrative Appeals Reports
514:Melbourne University Law Review
431:Melbourne University Law Review
244:would be pronounced "the Crown
175:in the U.S.) of the Latin word
47:, the official reporter of the
6126:Garner, Bryan A., ed. (2012).
5998:State Statutes by Jurisdiction
5754:claimed a copyright interest.
5316:in Illinois; decisions of the
5178:United States court of appeals
5056:(abbreviated S. Ct.) and
5018:are officially printed in the
4947:District Attorney at the time.
4469:International Tax Law Reports
4411:Goode Consumer Credit Reports
3377:All South African Law Reports
3174:Disini v. Secretary of Justice
3162:Disini v. Secretary of Justice
3074:identifies the report series.
2691:2009-LL-1021, which refers to
2290:Neue Juristische Wochenschrift
2106:"Retsdogmatisk forskning 2018"
1845:European Court of Human Rights
1799:Neutral citations and the ECLI
1756:identifies the starting page,
1538:Court Martial Court of Canada
899:Magistrates' Court of Victoria
260:are all rendered into English.
132:Abbreviated title of the court
85:Court that issued the decision
1:
6465:Hodder, Rupert (2013-10-08).
5712:Chavez v. Metro. Dist. Comm'n
5436:). Some smaller states (like
5314:intermediate court of appeals
3839:federal courts of Switzerland
3229:In the last few decades, the
2996:District Court of New Zealand
2166:, the German court name, and
2138:Council of the European Union
2059:Andersen, Mads Bryde (2017).
2020:Reporter of Agricultural Law
1914:Orders regarding Real Estate
1793:Maritime and Commercial Court
5700:Fuqua Homes, Inc. v. Beattie
5208:, has an official reporter,
5188:United States district court
3283:is the volume number of the
3182:is the volume number of the
2957:Supreme Court of New Zealand
2486:European Case Law Identifier
2455:Federal Administrative Court
2150:Federal Constitutional Court
2144:Federal Constitutional Court
2134:European Case Law Identifier
2017:Tidsskrift for Landbrugsret
1810:European Case Law Identifier
1236:All Canada Weekly Summaries
627:New South Wales Law Reports
147:Pronunciation of case titles
6531:Swiss Federal Supreme Court
6401:Canadian Citation Committee
6306:. Oxford University Press.
5944:Category:Case law reporters
5818:, 410 U.S. 113, 158 (1973).
5483:West's New York Supplement'
5180:cases are published in the
5034:Brown v. Board of Education
4974:) where the opinion begins.
3802:Swiss Federal Supreme Court
3287:where the case may be found
3186:where the case may be found
3034:Family Court of New Zealand
2970:New Zealand Court of Appeal
2287:stands for the law journal
2201:for example could be cited
2038:Reporter of Taxes and Fees
1995:Tidsskrift for Kriminalret
1805:Danish Court Administration
1192:Administrative Law Reports
1068:Re Canada Trust Co and OHRC
671:Western Australian Reports
382:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
368:Brown v. Board of Education
226:would be pronounced "Smith
120:Free Access to Law Movement
6855:
6450:10-4-20-SC, Part II.6.4).
5623:
5491:West's New York Supplement
5434:West's New York Supplement
5426:West's California Reporter
5062:(commonly known simply as
4831:
4808:
4785:
4760:
4715:For nominate reports, see
4699:
4686:
4672:
4637:
4623:
4612:
4598:
4592:Official Tax Case Reports
4587:
4576:
4563:
4552:
4541:
4530:
4519:
4508:
4497:
4486:
4475:
4464:
4453:
4442:
4431:
4417:
4406:
4395:
4384:
4370:
4359:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4299:
4288:
4277:
4266:
4252:
4117:
4091:
3978:
3955:
3821:arrêts du tribunal fédéral
3781:
3770:
3759:
3748:
3711:
3700:
3663:
3652:
3615:
3604:
3567:
3556:
3519:
3508:
3497:
3460:
3449:
3443:South African Law Reports
3438:
3427:
3416:
3405:
3394:
3383:
3372:
3361:
3302:is the page number in the
3201:is the page number in the
3120:Despite the long-standing
3028:
3015:
3002:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2923:
2883:
2872:
2861:
2851:
2840:
2829:
2766:
2746:
2241:
2121:
1911:Kendelser om Fast Ejendom
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1565:
1554:
1544:
1533:
1526:Court Martial Appeal Court
1520:
1507:
1496:
1482:
1469:
1435:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1286:
1274:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1159:, 2005 SCC 35, 1 SCR 791.
1065:
1038:
1011:
863:
845:
835:
825:
814:
799:
789:
778:
768:
760:
756:Federal Court of Australia
750:
740:
704:
666:
655:
644:
633:
622:
611:
600:
589:
578:
567:
556:
530:
475:
207:Commonwealth pronunciation
29:
6733:Garner, Bryan A. (2014).
6300:Garner, Bryan A. (2001).
6185:Understanding UK Case Law
5680:(abbreviated "F. App'x").
5479:New York Court of Appeals
5452:Virginia Court of Appeals
5336:New Jersey Superior Court
5284:New York Court of Appeals
4304:Construction Law Reports
2983:High Court of New Zealand
2065:Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen B
1998:Reporter of Criminal Law
1415:Canadian Judicial Council
957:, commonly known as the "
879:Supreme Court of Victoria
774:Family Court of Australia
594:Commonwealth Law Reports
511:published jointly by the
171:countries and usually as
6723:; accessed May 31, 2014.
6698:Schmier v. Supreme Court
6499:. Court of Appeals. 1999
6422:. IBP, Inc. 2013-04-04.
5745:Vendor-neutral citations
5306:Illinois Appellate Court
5267:California Supreme Court
5263:traditional abbreviation
4983:National Reporter System
4915:) is the surname of the
4895:) is the surname of the
4557:Reports of Patent Cases
4354:The Criminal Law Review
3813:Bundesgerichtsentscheide
2834:New Zealand Law Reports
2460:Bundesverwaltungsgericht
2303:Federal Court of Justice
2297:Federal Court of Justice
2255:Urteil des Ersten Senats
2163:Bundesverfassungsgericht
1840:Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen
1633:Ontario Court of Appeal
1611:Alberta Court of Appeal
889:County Court of Victoria
723:Mabo v Queensland (No 2)
479:Mabo v Queensland (No 2)
248:Smith". The Latin words
5993:State Statutes by Topic
5918:Public domain citations
5456:South Eastern Reporter'
5448:Jackson v. Commonwealth
5072:Griswold v. Connecticut
4907:when litigating in the
4569:The Solicitors' Journal
4329:Criminal Appeal Reports
4259:All England Law Reports
4219:Criminal Appeal Reports
4190:R v Dudley and Stephens
4121:R v Dudley and Stephens
3971:Admin, Ch, Crim, Pat).
3513:Cape Times Law Reports
3410:Industrial Law Journal
3265:is the name of the case
3176:is the name of the case
3092:is the year of reporter
3079:supreme court judgments
2888:District Court Reports
1748:identify the reporter,
1746:Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen
1722:Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen
1692:usually consist of the
1655:Quebec Court of Appeal
1488:Federal Court of Canada
1475:Supreme Court of Canada
1388:Western Weekly Reports
1015:R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd
746:High Court of Australia
717:So the above-mentioned
583:Australian Law Reports
336:Pronouncing the letter
271:are arguably incorrect.
6278:Smith v. Massachusetts
6128:Black's Law Dictionary
6023:Industrial Law Journal
5551:persisted until 1920.
5543:, page 175, named for
5495:North Eastern Reporter
5403:North Western Reporter
5397:South Western Reporter
5385:South Eastern Reporter
5373:North Eastern Reporter
5363:
5318:Illinois Supreme Court
5174:
5053:Supreme Court Reporter
5045:, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
5037:, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
4617:The Times Law Reports
4513:The Law Times Reports
3804:are cited as follows:
3524:Supreme Court Reports
3062:(Telefonsjikanedommen)
3048:NZCA 114, 2 NZLR 750
2568:
2532:Supreme Court of India
2459:
2435:
2411:
2391:, BSG) is abbreviated
2387:
2307:
2181:
2172:
2162:
2080:Christensen v. Denmark
1666:Quebec Superior Court
1377:Supreme Court Reports
1334:New Brunswick Reports
1323:Federal Court Reports
411:
283:American pronunciation
51:
5954:German legal citation
5784:(i.e., 128 F.3d 289).
5620:Unpublished decisions
5615:(1963) 59 Cal.2d 57.)
5554:Some states, notably
5527:United States Reports
5523:Massachusetts Reports
5515:reporter of decisions
5466:Florida Supreme Court
5357:
5338:are published in the
5186:(F., F.2d, or F.3d).
5172:
5138:United States Reports
5118:United States Reports
5114:United States Reports
5098:Reporter of Decisions
5094:United States Reports
5026:United States Reports
5021:United States Reports
4987:United States Reports
4972:United States Reports
4964:United States Reports
4880:, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
4764:HM Advocate v Megrahi
4389:Family Court Reports
3326:Lower court decisions
3165:, 727 Phil. 28 (2014)
2563:
2551:Supreme Court Almanac
2257:vom 15. Dezember 1983
2124:German legal citation
2088:2015-16, appendix A (
1775:Unpublished decisions
44:United States Reports
41:
6702:78 Cal. App. 4th 703
6004:Notes and references
5636:information overload
5165:Lower federal courts
5157:before publication.
5024:. A citation to the
5003:Miller v. California
4480:Lloyd's Law Reports
4316:Cox's Criminal Cases
4180:Donoghue v Stevenson
4095:Donoghue v Stevenson
4071:(year of decision),
4039:Donoghue v Stevenson
4032:Donoghue v Stevenson
4017:UKHL 20, 2 AC 692 .
3873:improve this article
3109:Telefonsjikanedommen
2596:Criminal Law Journal
2436:Bundesarbeitsgericht
2431:Federal Labour Court
2407:Federal Fiscal Court
2383:Federal Social Court
2377:Other federal courts
2357:e.g. would be cited
2223:Official collection
2100:, no. 15890/89, § 18
2076:, no. 38590/10, § 26
1785:date of the decision
1355:Nova Scotia Reports
1280:Dominion Law Reports
1008:jurisdiction/court.
991:(year of decision),
616:Federal Law Reports
236:are pronounced with
218:are pronounced with
163:(usually written as
6497:The LawPhil Project
6061:Cited "TL" for 1910
6052:Cited "TP" for 1910
5895:Columbia Law Review
5155:565 U.S. ___ (2012)
4863:is cited as "SLT".
4811:Forbes v Underwood,
4400:Family Law Reports
4211:All England Reports
4088:jurisdiction/court
4003:UKHL 20, 2 AC 692.
2796:(AGLC) such as the
2732:(year of decision)
2611:(1990) 2 Scale 1352
2589:Supreme Court Cases
2547:Supreme Court Cases
2539:www.courtnic.nic.in
2496:Volkszählungsurteil
2388:Bundessozialgericht
2213:BVerfGE 65, 1 (43).
2191:Volkszählungsurteil
1716:judgment regarding
1684:Published decisions
1513:Tax Court of Canada
1130:Reference questions
638:Queensland Reports
458:(year of decision)
33:Template:Cite court
6829:Case law reporters
6804:2018-10-04 at the
6719:2015-02-09 at the
6390:. 6 December 2019.
6241:The New York Times
6160:The New York Times
5986:2016-12-27 at the
5901:Harvard Law Review
5892:, compiled by the
5878:Types of citations
5789:Pinpoint citations
5462:Foxworth v. Maddox
5430:Illinois Decisions
5364:
5344:Appellate Division
5271:California Reports
5232:Glassroth v. Moore
5193:Federal Supplement
5175:
5110:nominative reports
5089:Marbury v. Madison
5042:Miranda v. Arizona
4998:U.S. Supreme Court
4742:Year of decision,
4630:Weekly Law Reports
4581:Simon's Tax Cases
4207:Weekly Law Reports
3975:How to cite a case
3316:Philippine Reports
3239:Philippine Reports
3231:Philippine Reports
3203:Philippine Reports
3194:Philippine Reports
3184:Philippine Reports
3154:Philippine Reports
3146:Philippine Reports
3139:Philippine Reports
3129:citing that case.
2624:JT (1994) 1 SC 374
2582:All India Reporter
2569:
2566:All India Reporter
2543:All India Reporter
2498:would be cited as
2270:the German article
2229:Page of beginning
2097:Jersild v. Denmark
2082:, no. 247/07, § 59
2007:criminal procedure
1720:, is published in
1706:identifying number
1345:National Reporter
964:McGill Law Journal
660:Victorian Reports
157:adversarial system
155:countries with an
52:
6478:978-981-4560-05-4
6429:978-1-4387-7966-9
6375:978-0-7798-8582-4
6313:978-0-19-514236-5
6137:978-0-314-26578-4
5975:Law by state (US)
5605:product liability
5470:Southern Reporter
5468:published in the
5391:Southern Reporter
5379:Atlantic Reporter
5249:Wheaton v. Peters
5028:looks like this:
4855:
4854:
4713:
4712:
4649:
4648:
4149:England and Wales
4145:
4144:
4058:England and Wales
4052:England and Wales
3949:
3948:
3941:
3923:
3793:
3792:
3723:
3722:
3675:
3674:
3627:
3626:
3579:
3578:
3534:Eastern Districts
3531:
3530:
3472:
3471:
3421:Judgments Online
3042:
3041:
2942:Court Identifier
2934:
2933:
2917:Court identifier
2914:Year of decision
2895:
2894:
2788:
2787:
2490:According to the
2369:BGHSt 35, 347 ff.
2308:Bundesgerichtshof
2266:
2265:
2111:. pp. 11–12.
2090:L 22 as submitted
2049:
2048:
1941:environmental law
1829:Translated title
1781:name of the court
1673:
1672:
1490:– Trial Division
1460:Court Identifier
1450:Court identifiers
1447:
1446:
1429:Court identifier
1426:Year of decision
1406:
1405:
1391:1911–1950, 1971–
1093:
1092:
924:
923:
734:Court Identifier
715:
714:
698:Court identifier
695:Year of decision
678:
677:
605:Family Law Cases
501:
500:
321:John Paul Stevens
16:(Redirected from
6846:
6799:official website
6749:
6748:
6730:
6724:
6711:
6705:
6695:
6689:
6687:(1963) 59 C2d 57
6681:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6627:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6588:
6575:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6414:
6408:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6384:
6378:
6364:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6202:
6196:
6182:(SOAS) Library,
6177:
6168:
6167:
6151:
6142:
6141:
6123:
6107:
6104:
6098:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6071:
6068:
6062:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6026:
6019:
5913:Yale Law Journal
5797:For example, in
5781:Federal Reporter
5678:Federal Appendix
5674:Federal Reporter
5632:Courts of Appeal
5596:, 20 NY2d 238 ).
5503:New York Reports
5409:Pacific Reporter
5322:Illinois Reports
5320:are reported in
5292:New York Reports
5288:New York Reports
5183:Federal Reporter
5156:
5145:Golan v. Holder,
5126:Alexander Dallas
5081:Lawyers' Edition
5064:Lawyers' Edition
4823:R (or 'Rettie')
4734:
4717:Nominate reports
4654:
4419:The Independent
4234:
4063:
3952:Neutral citation
3944:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3881:
3857:
3849:
3730:
3682:
3634:
3586:
3538:
3479:
3343:
3332:Court of Appeals
3207:727 Phil. 28, 30
3060:Rt. 1952 s. 989
2939:
2911:
2901:Neutral citation
2811:
2724:
2555:Judgements Today
2473:
2462:
2449:
2438:
2425:
2414:
2401:
2390:
2355:
2336:
2321:
2310:
2220:
2199:
2184:
2175:
2165:
2112:
2110:
2068:
2025:agricultural law
1823:Abbreviation(s)
1820:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1718:strict liability
1457:
1423:
1409:Neutral citation
1366:Ontario Reports
1258:Alberta Reports
1175:
983:
973:Hunter v Southam
731:
692:
681:Neutral citation
538:
450:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
317:Warren E. Burger
129:Year of decision
97:Publication year
21:
18:Neutral citation
6854:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6819:
6818:
6806:Wayback Machine
6757:
6752:
6745:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6721:Wayback Machine
6712:
6708:
6696:
6692:
6682:
6678:
6671:
6667:
6662:
6658:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6617:(1999), p. xix.
6613:
6609:
6601:
6597:
6589:
6578:
6565:
6561:
6553:
6546:
6536:
6534:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6515:
6511:
6502:
6500:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6479:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6399:
6395:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6365:
6361:
6354:
6350:
6340:
6338:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6314:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6219:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6178:
6171:
6153:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6051:
6047:
6042:
6038:
6033:
6029:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6006:
5988:Wayback Machine
5977:
5934:
5880:
5856:Bryan A. Garner
5791:
5752:West Publishing
5747:
5628:
5626:Non-publication
5622:
5594:People v. Brown
5541:Caines' Reports
5536:Pierson v. Post
5499:People v. Brown
5487:People v. Brown
5475:People v. Brown
5300:Chicago Tribune
5258:
5167:
5154:
5150:Golan v. Holder
5014:Cases from the
5012:
4869:
4860:Scots Law Times
4745:Year of report
4738:Name of parties
4725:
4693:Revised Reports
4679:English Reports
4424:The Independent
4376:Estates Gazette
4199:
4175:Square brackets
4163:cases). If the
4161:judicial review
4054:
3983:
3977:
3960:
3954:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3888:"Case citation"
3882:
3880:
3870:
3858:
3847:
3817:ATF 133 II 292
3809:BGE 133 II 292
3798:
3728:
3680:
3632:
3584:
3536:
3477:
3341:
3328:
3308:549 SCRA 77, 79
3269:G.R. No. 180643
3227:
3142:
3135:
3118:
3054:
2920:Ordinal number
2903:
2809:
2719:
2669:
2534:
2525:
2510:Katzenkönigfall
2488:
2480:
2467:
2443:
2419:
2412:Bundesfinanzhof
2395:
2379:
2349:
2347:Katzenkönigfall
2330:
2315:
2299:
2258:
2256:
2193:
2146:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2073:Biao v. Denmark
2058:
2054:
1985:inheritance law
1901:civil procedure
1818:
1801:
1777:
1733:
1730:UfR 1968 84/2 H
1729:
1725:
1686:
1678:
1452:
1432:Ordinal number
1411:
1173:
948:
941:
929:
701:Ordinal number
683:
536:
529:
416:
347:
343:
285:
240:. For example,
222:. For example,
209:
149:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6852:
6850:
6842:
6841:
6839:Legal research
6836:
6834:Legal citation
6831:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6808:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6756:
6755:External links
6753:
6751:
6750:
6743:
6725:
6706:
6690:
6676:
6665:
6656:
6642:
6633:Legal Research
6619:
6607:
6595:
6576:
6559:
6557:. 1999. p xvi.
6544:
6518:
6509:
6484:
6477:
6457:
6454:. May 4, 2010.
6435:
6428:
6409:
6393:
6379:
6359:
6356:Austlii.edu.au
6348:
6319:
6312:
6292:
6267:
6246:
6228:
6217:
6197:
6190:2017-10-10 at
6169:
6143:
6136:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5964:Legal research
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5933:
5930:
5879:
5876:
5872:Richard Posner
5868:Stephen Breyer
5851:
5850:
5833:
5832:
5820:
5819:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5746:
5743:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5708:
5681:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5624:Main article:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5598:
5597:
5531:Theron Metcalf
5525:, which, like
5507:
5506:
5472:
5459:
5352:
5351:
5329:
5308:, reported in
5295:
5286:, reported in
5257:
5254:
5240:
5239:
5228:
5166:
5163:
5122:William Cranch
5106:William Cranch
5077:
5076:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5011:
5008:
4991:
4990:
4978:
4975:
4968:
4959:
4948:
4882:
4881:
4868:
4865:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:Smith v Brown,
4830:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4724:
4721:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4217:(EMLR) or the
4209:(WLR) and the
4198:
4195:
4185:Round brackets
4143:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:Style of cause
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4019:
4018:
4005:
4004:
3976:
3973:
3956:Main article:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3929:September 2021
3861:
3859:
3852:
3846:
3845:United Kingdom
3843:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3340:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3320:Neri v. Senate
3312:
3311:
3297:
3288:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3263:Neri v. Senate
3256:
3255:
3251:Neri v. Senate
3226:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3196:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3065:
3064:
3053:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2808:
2805:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:Style of cause
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2697:
2696:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2326:decisions and
2298:
2295:
2281:
2280:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2188:The so-called
2145:
2142:
2122:Main article:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1897:bankruptcy law
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1800:
1797:
1776:
1773:
1698:year or volume
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:Admin LR (3d)
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:Admin LR (2d)
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1148:style of cause
1141:style of cause
1097:Style of Cause
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:Style of cause
978:
977:
947:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
928:
925:
922:
921:
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:
876:
872:
871:
866:
862:
861:
856:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
838:
834:
833:
828:
824:
823:
817:
813:
812:
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
787:
781:
777:
776:
771:
767:
766:
763:
759:
758:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
738:
735:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
699:
696:
682:
679:
676:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
581:
577:
576:
573:
570:
566:
565:
562:
559:
555:
554:
549:
544:
528:
525:
499:
498:
495:
493:
490:
487:
485:
482:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:Style of cause
415:
412:
377:oral arguments
373:
372:
334:
328:
310:
284:
281:
280:
279:
272:
261:
247:
234:Criminal cases
231:
229:
208:
205:
179:, which means
148:
145:
137:
136:
133:
130:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
78:legal citation
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6851:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6815:
6814:in PDF format
6813:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6754:
6746:
6744:9780199378357
6740:
6736:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6645:
6643:9781305147188
6639:
6635:
6634:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6611:
6608:
6605:(1999), p. xx
6604:
6599:
6596:
6593:, 1999, p.xix
6592:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6513:
6510:
6498:
6494:
6488:
6485:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6461:
6458:
6453:
6445:
6439:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6397:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6352:
6349:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6323:
6320:
6315:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6271:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6258:
6250:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6220:
6218:9780646527390
6214:
6210:
6209:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6161:
6157:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6129:
6122:
6119:
6113:
6103:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6015:
6008:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5884:public domain
5877:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5860:legal writing
5857:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5788:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5753:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:George Caines
5542:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5361:
5356:
5349:
5348:Harte v. Hand
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5332:Harte v. Hand
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5244:Federal Cases
5238:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5171:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5130:Henry Wheaton
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4945:Dallas County
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:United States
4866:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4644:
4642:Weekly Notes
4641:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:Cr App R (S)
4337:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4024:Rottman v MPC
4016:
4015:Rottman v MPC
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4002:
4001:Rottman v MPC
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:Rottman v MPC
3990:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:Rottman v MPC
3964:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3940:
3932:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890: –
3889:
3885:
3884:Find sources:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3862:This section
3860:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3474:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:25 March 2008
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3133:Supreme Court
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:Supreme Court
3123:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2463:, BVerwG) is
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2337:for those in
2334:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2160:is short for
2159:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:Fuldmægtigen
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1769:serial number
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:Supreme Court
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1178:Abbreviation
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1103:(English) or
1102:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
981:
976:, 2 SCR 145.
975:
974:
970:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
956:
955:
946:
943:
938:
934:
931:
930:
926:
920:
917:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
821:
818:
815:
810:
806:
803:
800:
796:
793:
790:
785:
782:
779:
775:
772:
769:
764:
761:
757:
754:
751:
747:
744:
741:
736:
733:
732:
729:
726:
724:
720:
710:
707:
705:
700:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
680:
673:
670:
667:
662:
659:
656:
651:
648:
645:
640:
637:
634:
629:
626:
623:
618:
615:
612:
607:
604:
601:
596:
593:
590:
585:
582:
579:
574:
571:
568:
563:
560:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
534:
526:
524:
522:
521:
516:
515:
510:
506:
496:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
480:
476:
471:
468:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
448:
446:
441:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
413:
410:
408:
404:
400:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
370:
369:
364:
363:
356:
341:
340:
335:
332:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
309:
305:
301:
298:
297:
296:
294:
290:
289:United States
282:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
235:
232:
227:
225:
224:Smith v Jones
221:
217:
214:
213:
212:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
146:
144:
142:
134:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
121:
117:
113:
107:
105:
96:
93:
91:Volume number
90:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
74:
72:
71:jurisdictions
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:Case citation
50:
46:
45:
40:
34:
19:
6811:
6796:
6734:
6728:
6709:
6697:
6693:
6684:
6679:
6668:
6659:
6647:. Retrieved
6632:
6614:
6610:
6602:
6598:
6562:
6535:. Retrieved
6530:
6521:
6512:
6501:. Retrieved
6496:
6487:
6467:
6460:
6438:
6418:
6412:
6404:
6396:
6382:
6366:
6362:
6351:
6339:. Retrieved
6335:
6329:
6322:
6302:
6295:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6270:
6262:
6256:
6249:
6240:
6231:
6222:
6207:
6200:
6183:
6163:
6159:
6127:
6121:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6066:
6057:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6017:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5863:
5852:
5844:
5837:
5834:
5826:
5821:
5813:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5779:
5776:Thomson West
5765:
5760:
5756:
5748:
5731:court system
5724:
5710:
5698:
5677:
5673:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5640:
5629:
5612:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5585:
5583:
5576:
5563:
5553:
5540:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5519:Hall v. Bell
5518:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5474:
5469:
5461:
5458:s 2nd series
5455:
5447:
5442:
5438:South Dakota
5433:
5429:
5425:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5368:Thomson West
5365:
5360:Thomson West
5347:
5339:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5309:
5297:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5270:
5259:
5256:State courts
5247:
5241:
5230:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5206:D.C. Circuit
5201:
5198:Thomson West
5191:
5181:
5176:
5159:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5117:
5113:
5101:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5070:
5063:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5040:
5032:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4986:
4971:
4962:
4955:
4936:
4928:
4912:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4870:
4858:
4856:
4833:
4810:
4787:
4762:
4737:
4726:
4714:
4667:
4662:
4658:Abbreviation
4657:
4650:
4645:1866 – 1952
4620:1885 – 1952
4603:
4527:1843 – 1859
4516:1859 – 1947
4477:Lloyd's Rep
4422:
4378:Law Reports
4247:
4242:
4238:Abbreviation
4237:
4230:
4223:
4221:(Cr App R).
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4188:
4178:
4173:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4119:
4093:
4066:
4055:
4041:AC 562, 573.
4038:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3992:The case of
3991:
3986:
3984:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3935:
3926:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3883:
3871:Please help
3866:verification
3863:
3841:is similar.
3836:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3799:
3789:1910 – 1946
3778:1910 – 1946
3767:1902 – 1910
3756:1902 – 1910
3743:
3738:
3734:Abbreviation
3733:
3719:1910 – 1946
3708:1903 – 1910
3695:
3690:
3686:Abbreviation
3685:
3671:1933 – 1946
3660:1879 – 1932
3647:
3642:
3638:Abbreviation
3637:
3623:1910 – 1946
3612:1882 – 1910
3599:
3594:
3590:Abbreviation
3589:
3575:1910 – 1946
3564:1880 – 1909
3551:
3546:
3542:Abbreviation
3541:
3527:1880 – 1910
3516:1891 – 1910
3505:1910 – 1946
3492:
3487:
3483:Abbreviation
3482:
3435:1923 – 1995
3369:1910 – 1946
3356:
3351:
3347:Abbreviation
3346:
3339:South Africa
3329:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3257:
3249:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3119:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3045:
3043:
2935:
2907:
2904:
2896:
2824:
2819:
2815:Abbreviation
2814:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2768:
2748:
2727:
2720:
2703:
2698:
2686:
2677:
2670:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2526:
2509:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2478:Other courts
2452:
2428:
2404:
2380:
2372:
2365:in full and
2364:
2345:
2343:
2324:criminal law
2300:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2238:Case number
2216:
2209:in full and
2208:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2176:(decision).
2173:Entscheidung
2167:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2096:
2079:
2071:
2064:
2003:criminal law
1963:construction
1802:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1726:U.1968.84/2H
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1453:
1419:
1413:In 1999 the
1412:
1165:
1162:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:Reference re
1133:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1067:
1040:
1013:
986:
979:
971:
962:
961:" after the
959:McGill Guide
952:
949:
944:
727:
722:
718:
716:
688:
684:
551:
546:
542:Abbreviation
541:
518:
512:
502:
477:
453:
442:
435:
429:
423:
417:
406:
402:
398:
396:
386:
380:
374:
366:
360:
337:
330:
324:
312:
307:
303:
299:
292:
286:
268:
264:
257:
253:
249:
241:
237:
223:
219:
210:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:Commonwealth
164:
160:
150:
138:
124:
108:
100:
88:Report title
77:
75:
54:
53:
42:
6649:14 December
6533:(in German)
6341:27 December
5846:Roe v. Wade
5838:Roe v. Wade
5828:Roe v. Wade
5815:Roe v. Wade
5799:Roe v. Wade
5572:parentheses
5570:instead of
4956:Roe v. Wade
4931:refers to "
4889:Roe v. Wade
4877:Roe v. Wade
4701:All ER Rep
4444:IP & T
4226:Law Reports
4197:Law reports
3987:best report
3796:Switzerland
3116:Philippines
2717:New Zealand
2494:system the
2468: [
2444: [
2420: [
2396: [
2350: [
2339:private law
2331: [
2316: [
2232:Page cited
2194: [
2170:stands for
2092:), pp. 9–10
1919:real estate
1889:enforcement
1832:Topic area
1789:case number
1702:page number
1124:(queen) or
362:Roe v. Wade
216:Civil cases
67:law reports
6823:Categories
6503:2020-06-14
6192:Archive-It
6114:References
5959:Law report
5926:LexisNexis
5870:and Judge
5727:California
5685:LexisNexis
5644:precedents
5556:California
5414:California
4941:Henry Wade
4939:refers to
4925:respondent
4909:high court
4905:petitioner
4683:1220–1866
4663:Law Report
4600:The Times
4320:1843–1941
4243:Law Report
4155:(king) or
4034:judgment:
3979:See also:
3899:newspapers
3582:Griqualand
2801:Law Review
2799:Canterbury
2712:citations.
2695:citations.
2439:, BAG) is
2415:, BFH) is
2217:in short.
2156:, whereas
2052:References
1948:TBB, T:BB
1884:The Agent
1826:Full name
1546:Comp Trib
1466:from year
1402:1950–1971
1309:DLR (4th)
1266:CCLT (2d)
1250:1980–1986
1244:ACWS (2d)
1239:1970–1979
1206:1992–1998
1195:1983–1991
1089:(Ont CA).
927:References
822:(federal)
811:decisions
809:family law
153:common law
116:AfricanLII
59:court case
5298:Green v.
4917:defendant
4901:appellant
4897:plaintiff
4605:The Times
4325:Cr App R
4193:, above.
4082:(series)
3819:(French:
3811:(German:
3726:Transvaal
3122:civil law
2807:Reporters
2769:R v Howse
2740:reporter
1867:insurance
1816:Reporters
1598:BCSECCOM
1352:NSR (2d)
1331:NBR (2d)
1298:DLR (3d)
1288:DLR (2d)
1189:Admin LR
1042:R v Oakes
1002:(series)
469:(series)
445:Australia
414:Australia
391:Ken Starr
242:R v Smith
63:reporters
6802:Archived
6791:WorldLII
6717:Archived
6537:28 April
6224:America.
6188:Archived
5984:Archived
5940:(OSCOLA)
5932:See also
5735:Kentucky
5602:Greenman
5579:Bluebook
5568:brackets
5560:New York
5549:Delaware
5493:and the
5422:New York
5418:Illinois
5269:(titled
5202:de facto
5000:case of
4952:reporter
4933:Jane Roe
4921:appellee
4729:Scotland
4723:Scotland
4521:LT (OS)
4351:Crim LR
3739:Reporter
3691:Reporter
3643:Reporter
3595:Reporter
3547:Reporter
3488:Reporter
3352:Reporter
2820:Reporter
2682: :
2508:and the
2322:for its
2243:BVerfGE
1923:land law
1871:tort law
1787:and the
1690:reporter
1396:WWR(NS)
1363:OR (3d)
1222:ANWTYTR
1128:(king).
1072:(1990),
801:FMCAfam
725:HCA 23.
517:and the
434:and the
276:Scotland
141:browsers
112:WorldLII
104:brackets
5949:Citator
5922:Westlaw
5689:Westlaw
5564:between
5302:Company
5102:Marbury
4884:where:
4815:(1886)
4751:Series
4748:Volume
4634:1953 –
4595:1883 –
4584:1973 –
4573:1856 -
4560:1939 –
4549:1988 –
4538:1992 –
4505:1985 –
4494:1997 –
4483:1919 –
4472:1998 –
4461:2003 –
4450:1999 –
4439:1972 –
4414:1882 –
4403:1864 –
4392:1987 –
4381:1975 –
4367:1960 –
4346:1979 –
4333:1908 –
4312:Cox CC
4307:1985 –
4301:Con LR
4296:???? –
4285:1996 –
4274:1983 –
4263:1936 –
4254:All ER
4167:or the
4126:(1884)
4079:report
4076:volume
3913:scholar
3468:1991 –
3457:1990 –
3446:1947 –
3424:1997 –
3413:1980 –
3402:1994 –
3391:1994 –
3380:1996 –
3374:All SA
3258:where:
3169:where:
3067:where:
3017:NZEnvC
3004:NZEmpC
2853:NZBORR
2848:1983 –
2837:1881 –
2773:(2005)
2737:volume
2465:BVerwGE
2226:Volume
2154:BVerfGE
2118:Germany
2043:tax law
1959:housing
1893:probate
1837:U, UfR
1676:Denmark
1181:Report
1171:Reports
1113:R v RDS
999:report
996:volume
847:NSWCCA
597:1903 –
586:1983 –
527:Reports
484:(1992)
466:report
463:volume
420:England
403:against
375:During
325:against
313:Against
287:In the
246:against
238:against
230:Jones".
193:against
181:against
6741:
6640:
6568:Vol 47
6475:
6426:
6373:
6310:
6215:
6134:
5910:, and
5729:state
5693:docket
5432:, and
5420:, and
5406:, and
4943:, the
4754:Court
4157:regina
4114:(HL).
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3678:Orange
3462:SALLR
3213:(2014)
3052:Norway
3046:R v AM
3038:2012–
3025:2010–
3012:2010–
2987:2012–
2974:2007–
2961:2005–
2948:Years
2945:Court
2891:1981–
2880:1981–
2874:NZFLR
2869:1976–
2553:, and
2283:Where
2252:(43),
2182:Kammer
2158:BVerfG
1981:family
1895:, and
1783:, the
1700:, the
1696:, the
1588:BCHRT
1463:Court
1380:1970–
1369:1986–
1358:1969–
1337:1969–
1326:1971–
1315:1984–
1304:–1984
1261:1976–
1228:1973–
1217:1999–
1184:Years
1122:Regina
1083:(4th)
939:Canada
915:ACTMC
905:ACTSC
855:NSWDC
837:NSWCA
827:NSWSC
770:FamCA
762:FCAFC
737:Court
674:1899–
624:NSWLR
547:Report
505:Canada
503:As in
399:versus
300:Versus
265:versus
258:versus
256:, and
254:Regina
197:versus
177:versus
6165:bump.
6009:Notes
5586:Brown
4802:(HL)
4794:2000
4772:2000
4757:Page
4731:are:
4668:years
4532:OPLR
4466:ITLR
4433:IRLR
4408:GCCR
4372:EGLR
4361:ECHR
4290:BMLR
4279:BHRC
4268:BCLC
4248:years
4139:273.
4085:page
3920:JSTOR
3906:books
3815:) or
3744:Years
3696:Years
3648:Years
3630:Natal
3600:Years
3552:Years
3493:Years
3451:SACR
3396:BLLR
3385:BCLR
3357:Years
3190:Phil.
3030:NZFC
2992:NZDC
2979:NZHC
2966:NZCA
2953:NZSC
2927:NZSC
2863:NZAR
2842:CRNZ
2831:NZLR
2825:Years
2781:CRNZ
2760:NZLR
2743:page
2523:India
2472:]
2448:]
2424:]
2400:]
2354:]
2335:]
2320:]
2313:BGHSt
2198:]
2109:(PDF)
1669:2006
1663:QCCS
1658:2005
1652:QCCA
1647:2010
1641:ONSC
1636:2007
1630:ONCA
1625:2004
1619:ABQB
1614:2004
1608:ABCA
1578:BCPC
1573:2000
1567:BCSC
1562:1999
1556:BCCA
1541:2004
1530:2004
1522:CMAC
1517:2003
1504:2001
1493:2001
1479:2000
1437:2000
1233:ACWS
1060:103.
1033:295.
1005:page
865:WASC
791:FMCA
780:FCCA
646:SASR
635:Qd R
569:ALJR
552:Years
472:page
409:Wade.
199:, or
6739:ISBN
6651:2020
6638:ISBN
6572:p 57
6539:2018
6473:ISBN
6448:A.M.
6424:ISBN
6371:ISBN
6343:2015
6336:Oyez
6308:ISBN
6284:Oyez
6213:ISBN
6132:ISBN
5864:some
5687:and
5558:and
5358:The
4937:Wade
4913:Wade
4845:CSIH
4828:465
4782:555
4704:The
4691:The
4677:The
4628:The
4625:WLR
4614:TLR
4578:STC
4554:RPC
4543:PLR
4499:LRC
4488:LGR
4397:FLR
4386:FCR
4257:The
4134:QBD
4111:562
4060:is:
4044:See
3892:news
3783:WLD
3772:TPD
3713:OPD
3702:ORC
3665:NPD
3654:NLR
3617:GWL
3606:HCG
3569:EDL
3558:EDC
3510:CTR
3499:CPD
3475:Cape
3418:JOL
3407:ILJ
3291:SCRA
3245:is:
3156:is:
3144:The
3090:1952
3077:All
2885:DCR
2784:823
2763:394
2710:NJRS
2693:NJRS
2680:NJRS
2673:NJRS
2665:NJRS
2564:The
2512:as
2492:ECLI
2441:BAGE
2417:BFHE
2393:BSGE
2344:The
2328:BGHZ
2301:The
2246:65,
2067:: 7.
2032:TfS
2014:TfL
2005:and
1992:TfK
1983:and
1970:TFA
1961:and
1930:MAD
1921:and
1908:KFE
1869:and
1856:FED
1803:The
1750:1968
1744:and
1509:TCC
1498:FCA
1484:FCT
1471:SCC
1440:SCC
1385:WWR
1374:SCR
1320:FCR
1276:DLR
1120:for
1095:The
1086:321
1080:DLR
1055:SCR
1028:SCR
895:VMC
885:VCC
875:VSC
816:AAT
752:FCA
742:HCA
719:Mabo
708:HCA
668:WAR
613:FLR
602:FLC
591:CLR
580:ALR
558:AAR
492:CLR
489:175
447:is:
319:and
267:and
114:and
5807:Roe
5803:Roe
5778:'s
5655:yet
5646:.
4929:Roe
4893:Roe
4820:13
4799:SC
4777:JC
4688:RR
4674:ER
4639:WN
4589:TC
4565:SJ
4510:LT
4455:JP
4153:rex
4147:In
4131:14
4106:AC
3875:by
3830:or
3761:TH
3750:TS
3521:SC
3440:SA
3429:PH
3363:AD
3281:549
3180:727
3102:989
3072:Rt.
2778:21
2285:NJW
1878:FM
1742:UfR
1535:CM
1342:NR
1255:AR
1126:Rex
1077:69
657:VR
497:1.
407:vee
379:in
339:vee
331:And
304:vs.
274:In
269:vee
250:Rex
228:and
220:and
201:vee
189:and
167:in
151:In
65:or
6825::
6700:,
6622:^
6579:^
6547:^
6529:.
6495:.
6403:,
6334:.
6286:.
6282:.
6261:.
6239:.
6221:.
6172:^
6162:.
6158:.
6146:^
5924:,
5916:.
5904:,
5898:,
5638:.
5428:,
5416:,
5412:.
5400:,
5394:,
5388:,
5382:,
5376:,
5153:,
5140:.
4851:1
4805:1
4767:,
4719:.
3300:77
3199:28
3096:s.
2930:1
2757:1
2576::
2557:.
2474:.
2470:de
2450:.
2446:de
2426:.
2422:de
2402:.
2398:de
2352:de
2341:.
2333:de
2318:de
2272:.
2249:1
2196:de
2086:FT
2063:.
2045:.
2027:.
1987:.
1965:.
1943:.
1925:.
1903:.
1891:,
1873:.
1847:)
1758:/2
1754:84
1740:,
1732:,
1728:,
1443:1
1052:1
1045:,
1025:1
1018:,
807:,
711:1
663:–
652:–
641:–
630:–
619:–
608:–
575:–
564:–
523:.
440:.
387:v.
352:iː
308:v.
293:v.
252:,
203:.
195:,
191:,
173:v.
122:.
76:A
6747:.
6653:.
6574:.
6541:.
6506:.
6481:.
6446:(
6432:.
6377:.
6345:.
6332:"
6328:"
6316:.
6280:"
6276:"
6259:"
6255:"
6140:.
5611:(
5592:(
4967:.
4958:.
3942:)
3936:(
3931:)
3927:(
3917:·
3910:·
3903:·
3896:·
3869:.
2667:)
2457:(
2433:(
2409:(
2385:(
2305:(
2168:E
1762:H
1738:U
1118:R
1105:c
1101:v
535:.
371:.
355:/
349:v
346:/
342:(
327:.
185:v
165:v
161:v
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
