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602:, etc. Because there is no transfer of electrical charge involved, exchange of Z particles is referred to as "neutral" in the phrase "neutral current". However the word "current" here has nothing to do with electricity – it simply refers to the exchange of the Z particle.
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would also be an exception, if they were found to exist). However, any interaction between two charged particles that can occur via the exchange of a virtual Z boson can also occur via the exchange of a virtual
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1393:. Unless the interacting particles have energies on the order of the Z boson mass (91 GeV) or higher, the virtual Z boson exchange has an effect of a tiny correction,
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1037:{\displaystyle J^{{\mathsf {(NC)}}\ \mu }(f)={\bar {u}}_{f}\ \gamma ^{\mu }\ {\frac {1}{2}}\left(g_{\mathsf {V}}^{f}-g_{\mathsf {A}}^{f}\ \gamma ^{5}\right)\ u_{f}\ ,}
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559:. Like other subatomic forces, the weak force is mediated via exchange particles. Perhaps the most well known of the exchange particles for the weak force is the
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Particle accelerators with energies necessary to observe neutral current interactions and to measure the mass of Z boson weren't available until 1983.
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845:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {M}}^{\mathsf {NC}}~\propto ~J_{\mu }^{\mathsf {(NC)}}(\nu _{\mathrm {e} })\;J^{{\mathsf {(NC)}}\ \mu }(\mathrm {e^{-}} )\ ,}
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571:– there are both positive and negative W particles – however the Z boson is also an exchange particle for the weak force but does
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The weak force is best known for its role in nuclear decay. It has very short range but (apart from gravity) is the only force to interact with
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of neutrinos in matter; neutrinos are almost as likely to scatter elastically (via Z boson exchange) as inelastically (via
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Gordon Fraser looks back at how confirmation of the existence of neutral currents ushered in a new understanding of physics.
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1182:{\displaystyle g_{\mathsf {V}}^{f}=T_{3}(f)-2\sin ^{2}\theta _{\mathsf {W}}\ Q(f)={\frac {1}{2}}\ Q_{\mathsf {W}}(f)}
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This article is about weak nuclear force interactions. For neutral currents in electric power systems, see
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The Z boson's neutral current interaction is determined by a derived quantum number called
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The neutral current that gives the interaction its name is that of the interacting particles.
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couplings amount to essentially left chiral for neutrinos and axial for charged leptons
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Sanje
Fenkart reounts the discovery of neutral currents in its 50 years anniversary
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1699:"Charged and neutral current neutrino induced nucleon emission reactions"
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have distinctive signatures: They provide the only known mechanism for
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The Z boson can couple to any
Standard Model particle, except
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exchange), of major experimental significance, in, e.g. , the
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Sudbury
Neutrino Observatory#Neutral current interaction
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On the other hand, Z boson interactions involving
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Nieves, J.; Valverde, M.; Vicente Vacas, M.J. (2006).
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where the neutral currents describing the flow of the
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For example, the neutral current contribution to the
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1445:{\displaystyle \ (E/M_{\mathrm {Z} })^{2}\ ,}
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1643:"Discovery of weak neutral currents"
1591:. Particle Physics (course notes).
1358:{\displaystyle \ Q_{\mathsf {W}}\ }
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1754:Fraser, Gordon (3 November 1998).
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859:and of the electron are given by:
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543:, and led to the discovery of the
25:
1792:"Gargamelle and neutral currents"
1615:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979"
173:Physics beyond the Standard Model
1586:"Lecture 11 - Weak Interactions"
1677:"Neutral current interaction".
1523:Flavor changing neutral current
27:Weak force particle interaction
1770:Fenkart, Sanje (3 July 2023).
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1528:Neutral particle oscillation
1472:Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
575:have any electrical charge.
539:and the weak force into the
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1661:. Research. Archived from
1330:their electric charge and
1256:vector and axial couplings
611:, which acts similarly to
147:Standard Model mathematics
29:
1786:Padilla, Antonio (Tony).
1772:"CERN's neutrino odyssey"
1315:{\displaystyle \ T_{3}\ }
1800:University of Nottingham
567:. W particles have
1706:Acta Physica Polonica B
1593:University of Edinburgh
135:Electroweak interaction
1538:Quantum chromodynamics
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1283:{\displaystyle \ f~.}
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89:of the Standard Model
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109:Quantum field theory
87:Elementary particles
1737:on 21 January 2012.
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1747:Symmetry Magazine
1690:"Neutral current"
1649:. 3 October 2004.
1569:"Neutral current"
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1386:sterile neutrinos
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16:(Redirected from
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1730:. Archived from
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1749:. 2009-07-07.
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1760:CERN Courier
1759:
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1743:"Gargamelle"
1732:the original
1709:
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1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:the original
1658:
1655:"Gargamelle"
1647:CERN Courier
1646:
1622:. Retrieved
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1562:
1476:
1474:experiment.
1468:W boson
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1375:
1324:weak isospin
1322:denotes the
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533:Z boson
520:
518:
131:Constituents
113:Gauge theory
1788:Brady Haran
1595:. p. 7
1548:Weak charge
1483:Abdus Salam
1367:weak charge
608:weak charge
309:Chamberlain
157:Limitations
1680:Britannica
1669:2011-08-27
1624:2008-09-10
1554:References
1499:Gargamelle
619:Definition
565:beta decay
529:weak force
279:Iliopoulos
189:Rutherford
183:Scientists
143:CKM matrix
97:Background
1762:. 27904.
1688:Nave, R.
1567:Nave, R.
1460:neutrinos
1117:θ
1113:
1097:−
1002:γ
978:−
938:μ
934:γ
918:¯
894:μ
828:−
814:μ
775:ν
750:μ
739:∝
557:neutrinos
469:de Mayolo
414:Schwinger
354:Kobayashi
244:Gell-Mann
209:Sudarshan
1811:Category
1512:See also
1369:. These
1254:are the
857:neutrino
702:elastic
580:momentum
459:Guralnik
404:Politzer
379:'t Hooft
334:Weinberg
329:Majorana
319:Schwartz
284:Lederman
269:Anderson
259:Friedman
219:Anderson
214:Davis Jr
199:Chadwick
1790:(ed.).
1724:Bibcode
1599:May 20,
1382:photons
1260:fermion
1047:where:
444:Englert
419:Wilczek
384:Veltman
359:Maskawa
314:Cabibbo
274:Glashow
249:Kendall
234:Feynman
194:Thomson
1692:. GSU.
1571:. GSU.
1437:
1401:
1391:photon
1378:gluons
1365:their
1353:
1338:
1310:
1297:
1275:
1269:
1242:
1200:
1156:
1128:
1029:
1016:
998:
943:
930:
891:
837:
811:
742:
736:
674:ν
636:ν
592:flavor
588:energy
586:, and
474:Lattes
464:Kibble
424:Cronin
409:Reines
374:Yukawa
289:Maiani
264:Powell
254:Taylor
239:Rubbia
1735:(PDF)
1714:arXiv
1702:(PDF)
1589:(PDF)
519:Weak
479:Zweig
454:Hagen
449:Brout
439:Higgs
434:Vleck
429:Fitch
399:Pauli
389:Gross
364:Mills
349:Salam
304:Nambu
299:Cowan
229:Dirac
224:Fermi
1601:2021
1506:CERN
1493:and
1380:and
1258:for
1192:and
584:spin
394:Pais
369:Yang
344:Ward
324:Perl
294:Meer
204:Bose
1504:at
1104:sin
706:is
573:not
339:Lee
43:of
1813::
1798:.
1794:.
1778:.
1774:.
1758:.
1745:.
1722:.
1710:37
1708:.
1704:.
1657:.
1645:.
1617:.
1577:^
1508:.
1489:,
1485:,
1373:.
664:→
598:,
594:,
582:,
547:.
1802:.
1726::
1716::
1683:.
1672:.
1627:.
1603:.
1440:,
1432:2
1428:)
1421:Z
1416:M
1411:/
1407:E
1404:(
1384:(
1347:W
1342:Q
1328:Q
1305:3
1301:T
1278:.
1272:f
1239:)
1236:f
1233:(
1228:3
1224:T
1220:=
1215:f
1209:A
1204:g
1177:)
1174:f
1171:(
1165:W
1160:Q
1151:2
1148:1
1143:=
1140:)
1137:f
1134:(
1131:Q
1122:W
1108:2
1100:2
1094:)
1091:f
1088:(
1083:3
1079:T
1075:=
1070:f
1064:V
1059:g
1032:,
1024:f
1020:u
1012:)
1006:5
993:f
987:A
982:g
973:f
967:V
962:g
957:(
951:2
948:1
925:f
915:u
908:=
905:)
902:f
899:(
886:)
883:C
880:N
877:(
871:J
840:,
834:)
824:e
819:(
806:)
803:C
800:N
797:(
791:J
786:)
780:e
771:(
765:)
762:C
759:N
756:(
746:J
730:C
727:N
720:M
692:e
679:e
654:e
641:e
508:e
501:t
494:v
34:.
20:)
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