27:
155:
1337:
501:
71:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
1477:, protagonist of a Tai creation myth and believed to be the progenitor of the Lao, Thai, Shan and other Tai peoples, who later spread to the territories of modern Laos, Thailand, Burma, northeast India and the south of China's
1087:
1797:
1522:(r. 1054–1072): gold, silver, aromatic woods, rhinoceros horns and elephant tusks. A Chinese source in 12th century identified this chiefdom as Heishou Guo (Black River Kingdom), and its location was between
57:
1792:
1458:
have settled in the northwestern parts of what now is
Vietnam since the early first millennium CE or, at the latest, the 5th to 8th century. They mainly settled along the
1550:
in 1407, the
Chinese subjugated the Black Tai kingdom in 1416. However the Chinese rule was short-lived. After driving out the Chinese in 1427, the Vietnamese emperor
1802:
1807:
1365:
1566:), the number of villages grew by five times. The incorporation of Black Tai lands into Dai Viet's territories provided significant economic benefits:
1041:
1506:
74:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
82:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Vietnamese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1248:
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Li, Tana (2006), "The Rise and the Fall of the
Jiaozhi Ocean Region", in Schottenhammer, Angela; Ptak, Roderich (eds.),
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sent two campaigns in 1431 and 1432 into the region and incorporated Black Tai territories in Dai Viet's province of
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kingdoms. During late 13th/early 14th century, Lò Lẹt, the Black Thai ruler, went conflict with Dai Viet ruler
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1558:. The old independence polity experienced population expansion during the 15th century. In Gia Hưng District (
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mines to Dai Viet through Hưng Hoá, which before 1433 the cobalt salts had to be imported from Middle East.
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salts, the main ingredient for
Vietnamese blue-white ceramics, were sneaked in large quantity from
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Dead in the Water: Global
Lessons from the World Bank's Model Hydropower Project in Laos
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Tai
Culture: International Review on Tai Cultural Studies · Volume 5
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68:
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The
Perception of Maritime Space in Traditional Chinese Sources
20:
1465:. One Black Tai chiefdom—located at the place today known as
16:
Historical princely states inhabited by the Tai Dam people
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States and territories disestablished in the 15th century
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Southeast Asia in the
Fifteenth Century: The China Factor
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a machine-translated version of the
Vietnamese article.
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States and territories established in the 11th century
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1421:. Its territory comprises modern-day provinces of
89:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
1514:(cobra). In 1067 they sent a tribute gift to
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8:
1693:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 125–141
1504:), and set up a new kingdom. The chronicle
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1808:Former monarchies of Southeast Asia
1496:, westward toward Mường Chiềng An (
1740:. SEACOM Sudöstasien-Gesellschaft.
1736:Walailak, Mahāwitthayālai (2000).
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101:{{Translated|vi|Ngưu Hống (nước)}}
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1702:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1752:(2nd ed.). Silkworm Books.
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1032:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
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1721:. Hong Kong University Press.
1042:Provisional Central Government
99:You may also add the template
1:
1433:as well as western parts of
1409:) were names for a medieval
1159:Cát Tiên archaeological site
1698:Robichaud, William (2018).
1484:In early eleventh century,
1092:(Republic of South Vietnam)
112:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
1824:
1542:Ming and Later Lê conquest
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822:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
63:Machine translation, like
1750:Thailand: A Short History
1548:Ming conquest of Dai Viet
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229:• 11th century–1067
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40:the corresponding article
755:Trung sisters' rebellion
315:• First tribute to
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1249:Principality of Hà Tiên
110:For more guidance, see
1788:1433 disestablishments
1783:1416 disestablishments
1492:, led his people from
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1130:Non-Vietnamese history
882:4th Chinese domination
785:3rd Chinese domination
765:2nd Chinese domination
745:1st Chinese domination
1078:(Republic of Vietnam)
995:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
983:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
973:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
963:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
182:Common languages
83:copyright attribution
1717:Wade, Geoff (2010).
1534:on the Black River (
1417:, mainly around the
1063:North–South division
912:Later Lê Restoration
618:Phùng Nguyên culture
1510:called this polity
1288:Historical capitals
1209:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
556:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
535:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
1342:Vietnam portal
959:French Cochinchina
577:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
354:• Annexed by
341:• Annexed by
200:Theravada Buddhism
148:1000?–1416 or 1432
91:interlanguage link
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1709:978-0-299-31790-4
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36:You can help
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1470:
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1445:Early period
1406:
1398:
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1378:
1377:
1218:
1199:Dali Kingdom
1189:Khmer Empire
1116:1986–present
1061:
988:
969:French Annam
862:Trần dynasty
832:Đinh dynasty
749:111 BC–40 AD
708:Thục dynasty
642:1,000–800 BC
602:
561:
540:
519:
380:Succeeded by
379:
374:
343:Ming dynasty
138:Tóushé Guo (
87:edit summary
78:
47:(March 2021)
45:
37:
18:
1778:Tai peoples
1486:Lạng Chượng
1469:—was named
1460:Black River
1456:Tai peoples
1419:Black River
1405:: 頭蛇, lit.
1393:: 牛吼, lit.
1293:Immigration
1273:Agriculture
902:Mạc dynasty
812:Ngô dynasty
521:Paleolithic
511:Prehistoric
490:History of
375:Preceded by
233:Lạng Chượng
163:throughout
161:Black River
159:Map of the
132:Ngưu Hống (
1772:Categories
1682:Work cited
1607:Wyatt 2004
1578:References
1481:province.
1475:Khun Borom
1449:See also:
1383:Vietnamese
872:Hồ dynasty
672:(1–630 AD)
552:Hoabinhian
542:Mesolithic
412:Muang Then
214:Government
190:Vietnamese
134:Vietnamese
1673:Wade 2010
1661:Wade 2010
1649:Wade 2010
1583:Citations
1572:Yunnanese
1512:Ngưu Hống
1490:Black Tai
1463:(Sông Đà)
1423:Điện Biên
1411:Black Tai
1387:Ngưu Hống
1278:Dynasties
1253:1707–1832
1243:1600–1954
1233:1100–1904
1223:1061–1432
1219:Ngưu Hống
1213:1042–1052
1106:1975–1986
1096:1969–1976
1082:1955–1975
1068:1954–1976
1056:1949–1955
1046:1948–1949
1036:1945–1976
936:1802–1945
926:1778–1802
916:1533–1789
906:1527–1592
896:1428–1527
886:1407–1427
876:1400–1407
866:1225–1400
856:1009–1225
736:Dominated
608:Iron Ages
563:Neolithic
256:Con Mường
196:Religion
186:Black Tai
176:Mường Mỗi
105:talk page
1748:(2004).
1564:Lai Châu
1556:Hưng Hoá
1528:Dai Viet
1516:Dai Viet
1494:Mường Lò
1427:Lai Châu
1379:Nguu Hớu
1303:Monarchs
1298:Military
1266:By topic
1203:937–1253
1193:802–1431
1153:192–1832
1019:Republic
950:Colonial
846:980–1009
803:Dynastic
481:a series
479:Part of
439:Dai Viet
356:Dai Viet
317:Dai Viet
218:Monarchy
81:provide
1619:Li 2006
1439:Yên Bái
1435:Lào Cai
1403:Chinese
1391:chữ Hán
1283:Economy
1183:738–902
1179:Nanzhao
1173:550–781
1163:300–800
1112:Đổi Mới
836:968–980
826:965–968
816:939–965
789:602–938
779:544–602
702:–258 BC
700:2879 BC
686:Ancient
492:Vietnam
398:Nanzhao
328:•
302:History
292:Mứn Hằm
280:Ta Ngần
208:animism
172:Capital
140:Chinese
103:to the
85:in the
44:.
1756:
1725:
1706:
1568:Cobalt
1560:Sơn La
1552:Lê Lợi
1479:Yunnan
1431:Sơn La
1399:Tóushé
1169:Chenla
1149:Champa
1143:68–627
769:43–544
604:Bronze
483:on the
305:
268:Ta Cằm
244:Lò Lẹt
1407:Cobra
1397:) or
1395:Cobra
1318:Women
1313:Naval
1308:Names
1139:Funan
759:40–43
335:1250s
65:DeepL
1754:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1562:and
1526:and
1524:Dali
1437:and
1005:1945
606:and
361:1432
348:1416
322:1067
79:must
77:You
58:View
1538:).
67:or
1774::
1641:^
1626:^
1441:.
1429:,
1425:,
1389:,
1385::
206:,
202:,
188:,
1762:.
1731:.
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1401:(
1381:(
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
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136:)
114:.
107:.
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