593:, and then move all the forces to Đà Nẵng to regroup and dig in. Thiệu then stunned Trưởng by announcing that he had misinterpreted his previous orders: Huế was not to be abandoned, despite losing two divisions in recent days. In the meantime, the withdrawal preparations and the increasing North Vietnamese pressure caused civilians to flee in fear, clogging the highway and hampering the withdrawal. Trưởng requested permission to withdraw his forces into the three enclaves as planned; Thiệu ordered him to "hold onto any territory he could with whatever forces he now had, including the Marine Division", implying that he could retreat if needed. Trưởng returned to Đà Nẵng to be greeted by the start of a PAVN offensive. President Thiệu made a nationwide radio broadcast that afternoon proclaiming that Huế would be held "at all costs", contradicting the previous order. That evening Trưởng ordered a retreat to a new defense line at the Mỹ Chánh River to defend Huế, thereby ceding all of Quảng Trị Province. He was confident that his forces could hold Huế, but was then astounded by a late afternoon message from Thiệu that ordered "that because of inability to simultaneously defend all three enclaves, the I Corps commander was free ... to redeploy his forces for the defense of Đà Nẵng only." The people of Quảng Trị and Huế began to leave their homes by the hundreds of thousands, joining an ever-growing exodus toward Đà Nẵng.
777:, that Trưởng "did not look like my idea of a military genius: only five feet seven ... very skinny, with hunched shoulders and a head that seemed too big for his body ... His face was pinched and intense ... and there was always a cigarette hanging from his lips. Yet he was revered by his officers and troops—and feared by those North Vietnamese commanders who knew of his ability." Schwarzkopf said that Trưởng was "the most brilliant tactical commander I'd ever known" and that "by visualizing the terrain and drawing on his experience fighting the enemy for fifteen years, Truong showed an uncanny ability to predict what they were going to do".
444:(PF) that augmented them. Trưởng's dedication to his unit and leadership significantly raised the morale of his subordinates. As part of his strategy of better integrating the territorial forces with the regular army, Trưởng had his battalion commanders act as district chiefs, who normally worked only with the territorial forces. As a result, the regulars began to coordinate their pacification campaigns more effectively with the paramilitary forces. In 1967, Trưởng's 1st Division assaulted and dismantled the VC infrastructure and a large part of their fighters from the Luong Co-Dong Xuyen-My Xa Front in
496:
destroy PAVN/VC forces in their strongholds. He increased the capability of the RF/PF, which had a reputation for unreliability in his area, making them a productive part of his anti-PAVN/VC apparatus. Trưởng later said that these forces "shed their paramilitary origins and increasingly became full-fledged soldiers". It was estimated that although they provided 50% of the manpower, the RF and PF cost only 5% of total military costs. During his period in charge of IV Corps, the region's regular forces were depleted because a proportion of them were across the border as part of the
145:
157:
794:
his wife tended to pigs, which were kept behind his basic living quarters in the headquarters at Cần Thơ. Cushman added that Trưởng was always looking for means to raise his soldiers' material and family lives. Trưởng did not tolerate favoritism. He once received a request to transfer his nephew from the front line to a desk job; he refused and the nephew later was killed in action. General Bruce Palmer Jr., said Trưởng "deserved a better fate" than the mauling of his soldiers amid Thiệu's confused orders and the collapse of South
Vietnam.
60:
613:
millions of would-be evacuees. Only around 16,000 soldiers were pulled out, and of the almost two million civilians that packed Đà Nẵng, a little more than 50,000 were evacuated. As a result, 70,000 troops were taken prisoner, along with around 100 aircraft. Trưởng and his officers swam to a boat in the sea and evacuated to Saigon. In quick succession the remaining cities along the coastline collapsed and half the country had fallen in two weeks.
411:. In two days of fighting, Trưởng's 5th Battalion inflicted heavy casualties on two VC regiments, and he was awarded a battlefield promotion to lieutenant colonel and the National Defense Medal, Fourth Class. After the battle, Trưởng became chief of staff of the Airborne Brigade and then became chief of staff of the division later in the year. His reputation for valour and fairness gained the attention of the senior generals in Saigon. General
1655:
117:
135:
183:
735:, the US commander in Vietnam from 1964–68, said that Trưởng "would rate high on any list of capable South Vietnamese leaders ... so admired Trưởng that they would trust him to command an American division." His successor Creighton Abrams, who oversaw the American war effort until 1972, said that Trưởng "was capable of commanding an American division".
605:(every man for himself) ... ee you in Đà Nẵng." The overland march, pummeled by PAVN artillery the entire way, degenerated into chaos as the 1st Division descended into anarchy as it moved toward Đà Nẵng. The remainder of the force deserted or began looting. Only a minority survived and some disillusioned officers committed suicide.
436:
the best units in the ARVN. Trưởng handpicked his leading subordinate officers and put his battalions in the hands of majors who had many years of combat experience. Unlike most, he eschewed politics in choosing his officers, and implemented new training programs to improve the capability of his troops and
581:
in the central highlands, which threatened to split the country in two and isolate Trưởng's I Corps from the rest of the country. Thiệu laid out his plan to consolidate a smaller proportion of territory so that the forces could more effectively defend the area. As Trưởng understood it, he was free to
572:
Trưởng remained in command of I Corps until the collapse of South
Vietnam, when the north of the country lapsed into anarchy amid confused leadership by President Thiệu. I Corps fielded three infantry divisions, the elite Airborne and Marine Divisions, four Ranger Groups and an armored brigade. Until
793:
Unlike some South
Vietnamese generals who had grown rich as they ascended the ranks, Trưởng was regarded as being completely incorruptible and lived a "spartan and ascetic" life. According to Lieutenant General Cushman, Trưởng did not own a suit, and by the time he was appointed to command IV Corps,
608:
As anarchy and looting enveloped Đà Nẵng, and a defense of the city becoming impossible, Trưởng requested permission to evacuate by sea, but Thiệu, baffled, refused to make a decision. When his communications with Saigon were sundered by PAVN shelling, Trưởng ordered a naval withdrawal, as Thiệu was
788:
A humble man, Truong was an unselfish individual devoted to his profession. He was fiercely loyal to his subordinates, and was known for taking care of his soldiers, often flying through heavy fire to stand with them in the rain and mud during enemy attacks. He treated everyone the same and did not
730:
Trưởng was widely regarded as South
Vietnam's finest officer, and the US officers that worked with him generally rated him to be superior to most American commanders. He was also renowned for his integrity and his uninvolvement in corruption, favoritism or political cronyism, as well as his empathy
495:
During his tenure in the Mekong Delta, Trưởng established a system of outposts along the border with
Cambodia to block infiltration of PAVN/VC personnel and supplies into the region. He used the three divisions in his Corps in regimental-sized combined arms task forces and staged sweeps to seek and
297:
gave contradictory orders to Trưởng as to whether he should stand and fight or give up some territory and consolidate. This led to the demoralization of I Corps and its collapse, allowing the communists to gather momentum and overrun South
Vietnam within two months. Trưởng fled South Vietnam during
721:
in Falls Church, Virginia. At the time of his death, Trưởng was survived by his wife, three sons, two daughters, twelve grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. After his death, the
Virginia House of Representatives and Senate passed a joint resolution "Celebrating the Life of Ngo Quang Truong".
435:
As a result of his efficient display, Saigon made Trưởng's appointment as 1st
Division commander permanent. With his hands-on leadership, Trưởng quickly moulded the unit, which had a poor reputation prior to his arrival, and had been heavily weakened by the infighting of the past year, into one of
426:
in Huế, which had decided to stop military operations against the VC in solidarity with the
Buddhist protest movement. A Buddhist, Trưởng, was uncomfortable with his mission, but he carried out his orders. On 18 June, he commanded three airborne battalions that entered the city and restored order
612:
With no support or leadership from Thiệu, the evacuation turned into a costly debacle, as the PAVN pounded the city with artillery, killing thousands of people. Many drowned while jostling for room on the boats; with no logistical support from Saigon, those vessels sent were far too few for the
596:
Meanwhile, the PAVN closed in on Đà Nẵng amid the chaos caused by Thiệu's confused leadership. Within a few days I Corps was beyond control. The South
Vietnamese tried to evacuate from the other urban enclaves into Đà Nẵng, but the 1st Division collapsed after its commander, Brigadier General
515:
came to inspect an outlying military base that Trưởng had built, he asked if the general intended to stay there. Trưởng replied "Yes, forever". Trưởng was so successful in pacifying the Mekong Delta that he allowed some of his forces to be redeployed to other parts of South Vietnam.
573:
mid-March, due to Trưởng's highly effective leadership, the PAVN had only tried to cut the highways, despite having five divisions and 27 further regiments far outnumbering Trưởng's men. At a meeting on 13 March, Trưởng and the new III Corps commander, Lieutenant General
467:(PAVN) and VC were expelled from the old imperial city after three weeks of bitter street fighting. Following the famous victory in the citadel, Trưởng was given a second star and made a major general. In August 1970, he was assigned to command
487:, saying, "I can recommend, without any reservations at all ... Trưởng. I think he's proved over and over and in all facets — pacification, military operations, whatever it is". He was promoted to lieutenant general in June 1971.
586:, South Vietnam's second largest city, thereby abandoning Huế. Fearful of and preoccupied with stopping a coup, Thiệu also decided to remove the Airborne and Marines to Saigon, leaving I Corps exposed.
503:
Trưởng used the RF/PF that he had enhanced to fill the void, and they strengthened the government control in the region despite having nominally less resources. In the forests surrounding
519:
Known for his unbending integrity, Trưởng vigorously moved against "ghost" and "ornamental" soldiers, deserters and conscription evaders in his region. Abrams said that only Trưởng and
781:
2315:
371:'s government for control of Saigon and the surrounding area. In recognition of his performance against the Bình Xuyên, Trưởng was promoted to first lieutenant. When the
2300:
1934:
346:
in 1954. Upon graduation from Thủ Đức, Trưởng went immediately on to airborne school at the Command and Staff School of the Vietnamese National Military Academy at
1845:
1392:
690:
746:, who operated alongside Trưởng in I Corps in the 1960s said that because of Trưởng's efforts, the ARVN 1st Division was "equal to any American unit". General
627:. An American officer who had worked closely with him heard of Trưởng's plight, and arranged for his family to leave on an American ship amid the chaos of the
620:
and given responsibility for organizing the defense of Saigon, however he found the area was too large and difficult to be defended with the forces available.
1615:
415:, chief of the Joint General Staff from 1965 to 1975, later described Trưởng as "one of the best commanders at every echelon the Airborne Division ever had."
2271:
1949:
1621:
2310:
554:. During the counteroffensive, he successfully pushed PAVN forces back to the city of Quang Tri (which was retaken in September) and advanced on to the
2142:
1799:
667:; the toddler did not speak English and was not identified for a few weeks. After his family was fully accounted for, Trưởng relocated with them to
2320:
1939:
1773:
1599:
1555:
387:
In 1964, Trưởng was promoted to major and made commander of the 5th Airborne Battalion. He led a heliborne assault into Đỗ Xá Secret Zone in
331:
2177:
574:
551:
1954:
1768:
1705:
1659:
683:
449:
1591:"The Ia Drang Valley campaign was a landmark for me, because it introduced me to the most brilliant tactical commander I'd ever known."
1944:
1929:
1824:
589:
Thiệu called Trưởng to Saigon on 19 March to brief him on the withdrawal plan. Trưởng intended to order a retreat to Huế, Đà Nẵng and
1574:
1536:
1513:
1494:
1459:
1436:
1413:
2112:
422:
broke out in central Vietnam with Buddhists protested military control of the government. Trưởng was asked to quell the rebellious
1610:
1814:
1794:
750:
said that Trưởng was "probably the best field commander in South Vietnam." In 1966, Trưởng's American adviser wrote to General
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408:
376:
244:
162:
2147:
1809:
1643:
441:
2117:
2305:
2207:
2127:
2012:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1605:
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among the division and corps commanders had not begun to psychologically crack under the pressure of the PAVN onslaught.
2237:
2172:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1478:
1332:
543:
484:
423:
351:
294:
256:
252:
197:
2197:
769:
in 1991, served as Trưởng's adviser in the 1960s when he was deployed to South Vietnam as a major during a campaign at
2162:
2157:
290:, a massive conventional invasion by North Vietnam. He stabilized the ARVN forces before turning back the communists.
2007:
464:
445:
2227:
2187:
2152:
392:
368:
1959:
686:
and worked as a computer analyst for the Association of American Railroads for a decade until he retired in 1994.
404:
2242:
2202:
2122:
1688:
1683:
399:'s (VC) B-1 Front Headquarters. In 1965, Trưởng led the 5th Airborne Battalion on a helicopter assault into the
1992:
1804:
1695:
1678:
468:
343:
248:
201:
149:
856:
2192:
2107:
1829:
1789:
1673:
780:
Lieutenant Colonel James H. Willbanks, who served in Vietnam and was a professor of military history at the
531:
500:, seeking to destroy PAVN/VC jungle bases, supplies and staging grounds for an invasion into South Vietnam.
358:
326:. After graduating from Mỹ Tho College, a French colonial-run school in the Mekong Delta provincial town of
279:
216:
205:
2252:
2222:
2212:
2167:
2062:
2027:
2017:
535:
520:
511:
as the populace became more confident in his forces' ability to provide security. When American Ambassador
283:
2102:
718:
668:
632:
99:
59:
1896:
577:
briefed Thiệu. By this time, South Vietnam was suffering from severe cutbacks in US aid, and the loss of
37:
in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
2052:
1906:
739:
675:
2232:
2217:
2057:
2047:
319:
75:
2182:
2077:
2032:
1997:
2295:
2290:
732:
598:
567:
232:
2247:
2137:
2132:
2087:
2067:
1337:
743:
652:
617:
372:
335:
2082:
2042:
2022:
1987:
2002:
1891:
1886:
1871:
1850:
1636:
1594:
758:
497:
396:
388:
186:
1982:
643:
Trưởng's family was initially broken up amid the confusion. His wife and eldest son ended up in
460:
456:
412:
272:
268:
224:
583:
2257:
1964:
1866:
1570:
1551:
1532:
1509:
1490:
1455:
1432:
1409:
754:, describing the Vietnamese officer as "dedicated, humble, imaginative and tactically sound."
751:
624:
555:
419:
354:
the next 12 years. His first posting was as commander of 1st Company, 5th Airborne Battalion.
260:
220:
347:
2037:
1911:
1881:
747:
679:
527:
512:
480:
323:
287:
255:. In 1966, Trưởng commanded a division for the first time after he was given command of the
228:
83:
2072:
1506:
A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam
400:
364:
1901:
770:
22:
1590:
476:
1448:
1425:
660:
631:
and the PAVN takeover of South Vietnam. Truong fled Vietnam with former Vice President
628:
299:
363:
After graduating from Đà Lạt, he soon saw action in a 1955 operation to eliminate the
2284:
1876:
1654:
1629:
263:. He rebuilt the unit after this divisive period and used it to reclaim the city of
1384:
644:
601:, angered by Thiệu's abandonment, told his men, "We've been betrayed ... It is now
578:
472:
315:
1483:
1427:
The fall of South Vietnam: statements by Vietnamese military and civilian leaders
1305:
The Fall of South Vietnam: Statements by Vietnamese military and civilian leaders
1402:
79:
1303:
327:
1819:
664:
635:
by helicopter on the morning of 30 April 1975, the day of the fall of Saigon.
38:
508:
2092:
483:, the head of American forces in Vietnam, recommended Trưởng to President
1528:
1525:
Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social and Military History
762:
648:
303:
103:
539:
264:
182:
656:
590:
26:
1471:
The Vietnamese Air Force, 1951–1975: An Analysis of its Role in Combat
427:
within two days and he put the 1st Division under government control.
616:
Upon arriving in Saigon, Trưởng was appointed deputy chairman of the
504:
339:
507:, Trưởng's outpost building programs resulted in a record number of
1567:
Abandoning Vietnam: How America Left and South Vietnam Lost Its War
251:
in 1954 and moved up the ranks over the next decade, mostly in the
395:, in central Vietnam. This attack destroyed the base area of the
766:
689:
Trưởng wrote several military history works commissioned by the
547:
1625:
542:
and then launched (against the initial resistance of President
1423:
Hosmer, Stephen T.; Konrad Kellen; Jenkins, Brian M. (1980).
452:. Trưởng was rewarded with a promotion to brigadier general.
293:
In 1975, the communists attacked again. This time, President
1225:
1223:
651:, while his two daughters and second son fled Saigon with a
286:
resulted in a South Vietnamese collapse in the face of the
243:(13 December 1929 — 22 January 2007) was an officer in the
1548:
Vietnam's forgotten army: heroism and betrayal in the ARVN
403:
Secret Zone in the vicinity of the Ong Trinh Mountain in
1473:. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press.
1302:
Hosmer, Stephen; Kellen, Konrad; Jenkins, Brian (1978).
1454:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
703:
RVNAF and US Operational Cooperation and Coordination
342:, and was commissioned as an infantry officer in the
782:
United States Army Command and General Staff College
674:
In 1983, he became an American citizen and moved to
2266:
1973:
1920:
1859:
1838:
1782:
1704:
1666:
1400:Dougan, Clark; Fulghum, David; et al. (1985).
475:region. He was based at the Corps' headquarters in
314:Trưởng was born in 1929 to a wealthy family in the
212:
193:
177:
169:
126:
110:
89:
69:
50:
1482:
1447:
1424:
1401:
857:"'The Most Brilliant Commander': Ngo Quang Truong"
1333:"Ngo Quang Truong; South Vietnamese Army General"
717:Trưởng died of cancer on 22 January 2007, at the
1569:. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
659:. Trưởng's youngest son, aged four, ended up at
538:. General Trưởng held PAVN forces at bay before
530:) of 1972, in early May he was given command of
786:
742:, and his main subordinate, Lieutenant General
1611:History of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
1606:Vietnam War Bibliography: The ARVN and the RVN
1637:
1450:Without Honor: Defeat in Vietnam and Cambodia
1393:United States Army Center of Military History
691:United States Army Center of Military History
534:, replacing the disgraced Lieutenant General
407:southeast of Saigon, the base area of the VC
8:
2272:South Vietnamese military ranks and insignia
1550:. New York City: New York University Press.
367:river pirates who were vying with President
247:(ARVN). Trưởng gained his commission in the
1644:
1630:
1622:
1508:. New York City, New York: Harvest Books.
1362:. New York: Doubleday, 1976, pp. 303, 488.
58:
47:
2316:Vietnamese emigrants to the United States
623:Trưởng was reportedly hospitalized for a
2301:Army of the Republic of Vietnam generals
1800:Civilian Irregular Defense Group program
1204:
1202:
1200:
375:was created in 1955, the VNA became the
282:after incompetent leadership by General
1181:
1179:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
966:
964:
962:
802:
1331:Sullivan, Patricia (25 January 2007).
907:
905:
278:In 1972, he was made the commander of
1408:. Boston: Boston Publishing Company.
1326:
1324:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
761:, who commanded US forces during the
459:, Trưởng led the 1st Division in the
7:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
322:). At the time, Vietnam was part of
1489:. New York City: Harper & Row.
1173:Hosmer, Kellen and Jenkins, p. 109.
684:Northern Virginia Community College
310:Early years and military beginnings
731:and solidarity with his soldiers.
609:not making a decision either way.
582:redeploy his forces south to hold
14:
1653:
1431:. New York City: Crane, Russak.
1308:. RAND Corporation. p. 118.
773:. He wrote in his autobiography
181:
155:
143:
133:
115:
1481:; Schecter, Jerrold L. (1986).
377:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
269:weeks of bitter street fighting
245:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
163:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
2321:Deaths from cancer in Virginia
1274:Dougan and Fulghum, pp. 74–80.
1217:Dougan and Fulghum, pp. 80–81.
1105:Dougan and Fulghum, pp. 69–70.
1064:Dougan and Fulghum, pp. 68–69.
1:
1527:. Santa Barbara, California:
881:. New York: Hippocrene, 1993.
33:, but is often simplified to
16:South Vietnamese Army officer
2311:People from Bến Tre province
1565:Willbanks, James H. (2004).
855:Willbanks, James H. (2007).
699:The Easter Offensive of 1972
1523:Tucker, Spencer C. (2000).
1469:Momyer, William W. (1975).
259:after helping to quell the
2337:
1600:Ngo Quang Truong biography
1446:Isaacs, Arnold R. (1983).
1229:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 83.
1185:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 73.
1164:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 74.
1123:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 70.
1055:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 68.
1032:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 69.
1020:Dougan and Fulghum, p. 66.
565:
356:
318:province of Kiến Hòa (now
20:
1660:Military of South Vietnam
1546:Wiest, Andrew A. (2008).
1358:William C. Westmoreland,
639:Life in the United States
562:Collapse of South Vietnam
350:. He served in the elite
57:
1616:The Battle for Huế, 1968
465:People's Army of Vietnam
383:Rising through the ranks
344:Vietnamese National Army
249:Vietnamese National Army
150:Vietnamese National Army
1830:Combined Action Program
450:Thừa Thiên-Huế Province
359:Battle of Saigon (1955)
217:Battle of Saigon (1955)
1504:Sorley, Lewis (1999).
1292:Willbanks, pp. 254–55.
1208:Willbanks, pp. 252–53.
1194:Willbanks, pp. 250–51.
1155:Willbanks, pp. 247–50.
1087:Willbanks, pp. 247–48.
791:
775:It Doesn't Take A Hero
719:Inova Fairfax Hospital
669:Falls Church, Virginia
332:reserve officer school
330:, Trưởng attended the
306:in the United States.
2143:Nguyễn Phước Vĩnh Lộc
1618:by James H. Willbanks
1404:The Fall of the South
740:Robert E. Cushman Jr.
676:Springfield, Virginia
170:Years of service
2306:Vietnamese Buddhists
733:William Westmoreland
695:Indochina Monographs
680:computer programming
568:Ho Chi Minh Campaign
552:Operation Lam Son 72
471:, which oversaw the
233:Hồ Chí Minh Campaign
1371:Tucker, pp. 293–94.
1338:The Washington Post
744:Richard G. Stilwell
738:Lieutenant General
697:series. These were
653:US State Department
618:Joint General Staff
393:Quảng Ngãi Province
373:Republic of Vietnam
2267:Ranks and insignia
1825:Presidential Guard
1595:Norman Schwarzkopf
1389:The Final Collapse
1265:Willbanks, p. 251.
1247:Willbanks, p. 255.
1238:Willbanks, p. 253.
1137:Willbanks, p. 250.
1078:Willbanks, p. 248.
1046:Willbanks, p. 247.
1004:Willbanks, p. 246.
784:, said of Trưởng:
759:Norman Schwarzkopf
707:Territorial Forces
526:During the PAVN's
498:Cambodian Campaign
446:Hương Trà District
405:Phước Tuy Province
389:Minh Long District
187:Lieutenant General
2278:
2277:
2188:Nguyễn Viết Thanh
2148:Nguyễn Trọng Luật
1839:ARVN Sub-branches
1557:978-0-8147-9410-4
1391:. Washington DC:
1360:A Soldier Reports
890:Wiest, pp. 55–65.
752:Harold K. Johnson
693:, as part of its
625:nervous breakdown
420:Buddhist Uprising
261:Buddhist Uprising
238:
237:
221:Buddhist Uprising
64:Trưởng circa 1972
2328:
2238:Trần Thiện Khiêm
2233:Trần Thanh Phong
2218:Phan Trọng Chinh
2193:Nguyễn Vĩnh Nghi
2173:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
2153:Nguyễn Văn Chuân
2113:Nguyễn Đức Thắng
2108:Nguyễn Chánh Thi
2098:Ngô Quang Trưởng
1658:
1657:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1580:
1561:
1542:
1519:
1500:
1488:
1479:Nguyen Tien Hung
1474:
1465:
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1442:
1430:
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1396:
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866:
864:
852:
748:Bruce Palmer Jr.
544:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
528:Easter Offensive
513:Ellsworth Bunker
485:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
481:Creighton Abrams
352:airborne brigade
324:French Indochina
320:Bến Tre Province
295:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
288:Easter Offensive
253:Airborne Brigade
241:Ngô Quang Trưởng
229:Easter Offensive
185:
165:
161:
159:
158:
148:
147:
146:
139:
137:
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128:
121:
119:
118:
96:
84:French Indochina
73:13 December 1929
62:
52:Ngô Quang Trưởng
48:
2336:
2335:
2331:
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2325:
2281:
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2274:
2262:
2253:Trần Quang Khôi
2223:Phan Xuân Nhuận
2208:Phạm Quốc Thuần
2178:Nguyễn Văn Toàn
2168:Nguyễn Văn Minh
2163:Nguyễn Văn Mạnh
2158:Nguyễn Văn Hiếu
2138:Nguyễn Khoa Nam
2128:Nguyễn Hữu Hạnh
2118:Nguyễn Hợp Đoàn
2058:Lê Nguyên Khang
1975:
1969:
1922:
1916:
1855:
1834:
1815:Regional Forces
1778:
1700:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1587:
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1485:The Palace File
1477:
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1296:
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1283:Isaacs, p. 380.
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1019:
1008:
1003:
992:
988:Sorley, p. 330.
987:
983:
979:Tucker, p. 293.
978:
974:
970:Sorley, p. 269.
969:
960:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:Sorley, p. 266.
937:
933:
928:
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919:
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898:
894:
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885:
876:
872:
862:
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789:play favorites.
728:
715:
641:
599:Nguyễn Văn Điềm
575:Nguyễn Văn Toàn
570:
564:
493:
491:Corps commander
433:
385:
361:
312:
302:and settled in
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93:22 January 2007
74:
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23:Vietnamese name
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2255:
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2245:
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2198:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
2195:
2190:
2185:
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2155:
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2145:
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2110:
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2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Hoàng Xuân Lãm
2025:
2020:
2018:Dương Văn Minh
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Đặng Văn Quang
1990:
1988:Chung Tấn Cang
1985:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:September 1964
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
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1915:
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1889:
1884:
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1874:
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1854:
1853:
1848:
1846:Special Forces
1842:
1840:
1836:
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1833:
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1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Popular Forces
1807:
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1585:External links
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1256:Momyer, p. 76.
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956:Sorley, p. 74.
949:
947:Sorley, p. 73.
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877:Dale Andrade,
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727:
724:
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661:Camp Pendleton
640:
637:
629:fall of Saigon
603:sauve qui peut
566:Main article:
563:
560:
536:Hoàng Xuân Lãm
492:
489:
442:Popular Forces
432:
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384:
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308:
300:fall of Saigon
284:Hoàng Xuân Lãm
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2226:
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2203:Phạm Phú Quốc
2201:
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2183:Nguyễn Văn Vy
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2123:Nguyễn Hữu Có
2121:
2119:
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2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
2101:
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2043:Lâm Quang Thơ
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2038:Lâm Quang Thi
2036:
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2033:Huỳnh Văn Cao
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Hoàng Cơ Minh
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Dương Văn Đức
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:December 1964
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:Coup attempts
1919:
1913:
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1576:0-7006-1331-5
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1538:1-57607-040-9
1534:
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1517:
1515:0-15-601309-6
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:0-06-015640-6
1492:
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1480:
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1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:0-8018-3060-5
1457:
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1438:0-8448-1345-1
1434:
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1415:0-939526-16-6
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1368:
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1355:
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1340:
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1334:
1327:
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1318:Hung, p. 361.
1315:
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1149:
1146:Vien, p. 104.
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1126:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
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1102:
1099:
1096:Vien, p. 102.
1093:
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944:
941:
935:
932:
929:Wiest, p. 69.
926:
923:
920:Wiest, p. 70.
917:
914:
911:Wiest, p. 63.
908:
906:
902:
899:Wiest, p. 62.
896:
893:
887:
884:
880:
879:Trial by Fire
874:
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851:
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692:
687:
685:
681:
678:. He studied
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
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646:
638:
636:
634:
633:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
630:
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470:
466:
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461:Battle of Huế
458:
457:Tết Offensive
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
430:
428:
425:
421:
418:In 1966, the
416:
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274:
273:Tết Offensive
270:
266:
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254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
230:
226:
225:Battle of Huế
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
204:(1970–1972),
203:
200:(1966–1970),
199:
196:
192:
189:(Trung Tướng)
188:
184:
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176:
172:
168:
164:
151:
131:
125:
122:South Vietnam
113:
109:
105:
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88:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
61:
56:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
2248:Trần Văn Hai
2243:Trần Văn Đôn
2213:Phạm Văn Phú
2133:Nguyễn Khánh
2097:
2088:Mai Hữu Xuân
2063:Lê Nguyên Vỹ
2048:Lâm Văn Phát
2008:Dư Quốc Đống
1983:Cao Văn Viên
1945:January 1964
1923:and mutinies
1907:Tan Son Nhut
1566:
1547:
1524:
1505:
1484:
1470:
1449:
1426:
1403:
1388:
1385:Cao Van Vien
1367:
1359:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1336:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1213:
1190:
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1142:
1101:
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1060:
1051:
984:
975:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
895:
886:
878:
873:
861:. Retrieved
859:. Historynet
792:
787:
779:
774:
756:
737:
729:
716:
706:
702:
698:
694:
688:
673:
655:employee to
645:Fort Chaffee
642:
622:
615:
611:
607:
602:
595:
588:
579:Ban Mê Thuột
571:
525:
521:Phạm Văn Phú
518:
502:
494:
473:Mekong Delta
454:
434:
424:1st Division
417:
413:Cao Văn Viên
409:7th Division
386:
362:
316:Mekong Delta
313:
292:
277:
257:1st Division
240:
239:
213:Battles/wars
198:1st Division
100:Falls Church
95:(2007-01-22)
42:
34:
30:
18:
2296:2007 deaths
2291:1929 births
2258:Vũ Văn Giai
2078:Lữ Mộng Lan
2068:Lê Văn Hưng
2053:Lê Minh Đảo
1602:(in French)
1593:by General
705:(1980) and
455:During the
271:during the
208:(1972–1975)
140:French Army
80:Cochinchina
2285:Categories
2083:Lý Tòng Bá
2073:Lê Văn Kim
1998:Đỗ Cao Trí
1820:Junk Force
1378:References
726:Assessment
665:California
479:. General
365:Bình Xuyên
357:See also:
111:Allegiance
39:given name
1892:Phan Rang
1887:Nha Trang
1872:Binh Thuy
1860:Air bases
1790:Air Force
1706:Divisions
509:defectors
440:(RF) and
397:Việt Cộng
173:1954–1975
1976:officers
1877:Cam Ranh
1867:Bien Hoa
1783:Branches
1774:Airborne
1529:ABC-CLIO
1387:(1983).
771:Ia Drang
765:against
763:Gulf War
757:General
709:(1981).
701:(1979),
649:Arkansas
556:Cửa Việt
469:IV Corps
438:Regional
401:Hát Dịch
379:(ARVN).
304:Virginia
202:IV Corps
194:Commands
127:Service/
104:Virginia
76:Kiến Hòa
21:In this
1974:Notable
1912:Tuy Hoa
1897:Phù Cát
1882:Da Nang
1851:Rangers
1344:16 July
863:14 July
657:Seattle
591:Chu Lai
584:Đà Nẵng
558:river.
532:I Corps
477:Cần Thơ
463:as the
431:General
336:Thủ Đức
280:I Corps
206:I Corps
27:surname
2093:Ngô Du
2003:Đỗ Mậu
1902:Pleiku
1769:Marine
1573:
1554:
1535:
1512:
1493:
1458:
1435:
1412:
505:U Minh
348:Đà Lạt
340:Saigon
328:Mỹ Tho
267:after
160:
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129:branch
120:
106:, U.S.
43:Trưởng
25:, the
1667:Corps
798:Notes
713:Death
1965:1966
1960:1965
1940:1963
1935:1962
1930:1960
1805:Navy
1795:Army
1571:ISBN
1552:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1433:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1346:2010
865:2010
767:Iraq
548:MACV
546:and
369:Diệm
298:the
178:Rank
90:Died
70:Born
1689:CMD
1684:III
682:at
540:Huế
448:in
338:in
334:at
275:.
265:Huế
35:Ngo
31:Ngô
29:is
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1764:25
1759:23
1754:22
1749:21
1744:18
1696:IV
1679:II
1531:.
1335:.
1323:^
1222:^
1199:^
1178:^
1128:^
1110:^
1069:^
1037:^
1025:^
1009:^
993:^
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391:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:,
102:,
82:,
78:,
41:,
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1724:3
1719:2
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1579:.
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1395:.
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867:.
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