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taking women in marriage and men into their fighting regiments. Their prestige became so great that by 1921, in
Nyasaland alone, 245,833 people claimed membership as Ngoni although few spoke the Zulu dialect called Ngoni. The Ngoni integrated conquered subjects into their warfare and organization, becoming more a ruling class than an ethnic group, and by 1906 few individuals were of pure Ngoni descent. Only after Ngoni status began to decline did the tribal consciousness of the component groups began to rise, along with their reported numbers. In the early 1930s the Ngonde, Nyasa, Tonga and other groups once again claimed their original tribal status.
504:
wounded. Their entrails hung out of frightfully torn wounds, inflicted most likely by barbed spears. It was a pitiful sight — the groans of the wounded, the women crying over their dead, whose bodies were brought from the gardens, the men standing about helplessly and depressed. As the raiding party could not have been far off, I proposed to the men to follow them up at once, and try to release the prisoners, but they were disheartened by the misfortune that so suddenly had overtaken them. The Ngoni people celebrate a festival of first fruits known as Nc'wala in late
February at Mutenguleni about 25km from Chipata.
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On my arrival I found the male population all under arms, and the women crying. A raiding party of
Mpezeni's people had attacked them suddenly that morning. Ten women were killed in the gardens and twenty-two were taken away as prisoners. An old man and one of the headman's children had been severely
387:
While the Ngoni were primarily agriculturalists, cattle were their main goal for raiding expeditions and migrations northward. Their reputation as refugees escaping Shaka is easily overstated; it is thought that no more than 1,000 Ngoni crossed the
Zambezi river in the 1830s. They raided north,
508:
Fifteen folk tales of the Ngoni, as retold by an old Ngoni man who had heard them from his grandmother, written down by
Margaret Read and edited by Geraldine Elliot, were published in London in 1939. There have been many reprint editions in both America and UK.
308:
1780–1848), was the head of the Jele or Gumbi clan, which itself formed part of the larger emaNcwangeni alliance in what is now north-east kwaZulu-Natal. In 1819, the Zulu army under Mabaso defeated the
Ndwandwe alliance at a battle on the
383:
Following
Zwangendaba's death in 1848, succession disputes split the Ngoni people. Zwangendaba's following and the Maseko Ngoni eventually created seven substantial Ngoni kingdoms in Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi.
407:
While the Ngoni have generally retained a distinct identity in the post-colonial states in which they live, integration and acculturation has led to them adopting local languages; nowadays the
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The cruelty and ruthlessness of
Mpezeni's raids can be understood from this account written by a British hunter who came across a Chewa village a few hours after a raid in 1897:
100:
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1982:
806:
273:
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604:, 29, 1929-30, pp.290-2; also Marwick, M.G., (1963). "History and Tradition in East Central Africa Through the Eyes of the Northern Rhodesian Cheŵa",
897:
675:(1 Aug. 1897), quoted in Marwick, M.G., (1963). "History and Tradition in East Central Africa Through the Eyes of the Northern Rhodesian Cheŵa",
1975:
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nation to dominance in southern Africa in the early nineteenth century (~1815–~1840) disrupted many traditional alliances. Around 1817, the
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following the Zulu wars had repercussions in social reorganization as far north as Malawi and Zambia.
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river, sometimes given in early writings as 1825, has been argued to have been on 20 November 1835.
304:. One of the military commanders of the army of king Thunziani Mabaso The Great, Zwangendaba Gumbi (
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In the following decades, Zwangendaba led a small group of his followers north through
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Thompson, T.J. (1981). "The
Origins, Migration and Settlement of the Northern Ngoni".
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Christianity in Northern Malaŵi: Donald Fraser's Missionary Methods and Ngoni Culture
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437:) was the warrior-king of one of the largest Ngoni groups, based in what is now the
317:. The battle resulted in the diaspora of many indigenous groups in southern Africa.
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and Malawi's Mchinji district. His successors as chief take the title
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alliance, which included the Zulu clan, came into conflict with the
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by Geraldine Elliot. George Routledge & Sons Ltd, London 1939
662:, Vol I, No. 2, pp. 14-24 (1950). Website accessed 29 April 2007.
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warfare techniques to conquer and integrate local peoples.
599:"The Date of the Crossing of the Zambezi by the Ngoni"
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is used only for a few ritual praise poems and songs.
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376:The date on which Zwangendaba's party crossed the
261:. The displacement of the Nguni people in the
221:are an ethnic group living in the present-day
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566:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 1–29.
8:
712:Mpezeni's Ngoni of Eastern Zambia, 1870–1920
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707:(The Heritage Library of African Peoples)
369:district), he established a state, using
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
39:This article includes a list of general
731:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mankind
549:
245:. The Ngoni trace their origins to the
469:in 1895, who were both unsuccessful.
461:sent agents to obtain a treaty—
337:Plateau. In this region, present-day
7:
737:Africa, a biography of the Continent
587:"Among the Wild Ngoni" Page 18, 1899
111:Regions with significant populations
671:Hugo Genth, ‘A Trip to Mpezeni’s’,
654:"The Angoni Rebellion and Mpeseni."
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2192:Indigenous peoples of East Africa
768:The revival of Malawian Chingoni
753:
30:
743:People of the Lake Nyasa Region
16:Ethnic group in Southern Africa
673:British Central Africa Gazette
602:Journal of the African Society
1:
726:Modern History of Tanganyika.
620:The Society of Malawi Journal
495:An Ngoni dancer from Tanzania
305:
296:alliance, which included the
455:British South Africa Company
185:African Traditional Religion
2208:
714:, Ph.D. dissertation, 1974
677:Journal of African History
606:Journal of African History
415:The Ngoni people of Zambia
277:Three Young Ngoni Chiefs,
18:
2182:Ethnic groups in Tanzania
1998:
914:Ethnic groups in Tanzania
822:
775:Ngoni history in Tanzania
679:, 4, 3, pp. 375–390.
659:Northern Rhodesia Journal
445:, and was courted by the
333:to the region around the
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105:A picture of Ngoni people
98:
321:The long migration north
2187:Ethnic groups in Zambia
2177:Ethnic groups in Malawi
1992:Ethnic groups in Zambia
816:Ethnic groups in Malawi
770:, by Pascal J. Kishindo
689:The Long Grass Whispers
486:Paramount Chief Mpezeni
60:more precise citations.
506:
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478:North-Eastern Rhodesia
427:
423:Young Ngoni dancer in
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762:at Wikimedia Commons
710:Rau, William Eugene.
703:Nwaezeigwe, Nwankwo.
501:
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400:An Ngoni dancer from
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199:Related ethnic groups
19:For other uses, see
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597:E.A. Lane Poole,
573:978-90-04-31996-7
558:Thompson, T. Jack
300:from what is now
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159:, Nsenga, Venda
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460:
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92:Ngoni people
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2167:Ngoni people
2153:
2097:
1686:
836:
780:Ngoni People
767:
760:Ngoni people
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742:
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652:T W Baxter:
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623:
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582:
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539:Zulu Kingdom
529:Nguni people
507:
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471:
459:Cecil Rhodes
434:
433:(also spelt
429:
406:
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382:
375:
324:
298:Nguni people
283:
259:South Africa
219:Ngoni people
218:
216:
207:(especially
181:Christianity
120:
88:Ethnic group
72:
63:
44:
2063:Lukanga Twa
1211:Kilimanjaro
741:Tew, Mary.
626:(1): 6–35.
345:district),
58:introducing
2161:Categories
1927:Immigrants
1596:Ndengereko
545:References
447:Portuguese
327:Mozambique
253:people of
231:Mozambique
169:Portuguese
133:Mozambique
41:references
2028:Kafwe Twa
1827:Nyanyembe
1794:Nyamwanga
1707:Shinyanga
1682:Ndendeule
632:0037-993X
524:Mzilikazi
474:Nyasaland
161:Ndendeule
139:Languages
2128:Tokaleya
2093:Ndwandwe
1895:Zanzibar
1822:Nyamwezi
1725:Nyamwezi
1431:Morogoro
1406:Nyakyusa
1305:Barabaig
1247:Machinga
1176:Holoholo
842:Nyakyusa
640:29778451
560:(1995).
534:Matabele
519:Gazaland
513:See also
402:Tanzania
363:Tanzania
331:Zimbabwe
294:Ndwandwe
290:Mthethwa
239:Zimbabwe
235:Tanzania
175:Religion
125:Tanzania
94:AbaNgoni
66:May 2010
2138:Tumbuka
1917:Swahili
1912:Shirazi
1885:Swahili
1832:Swahili
1771:Nyaturu
1753:Singida
1672:Matengo
1649:Tumbuka
1606:Swahili
1497:Swahili
1482:Makonde
1464:Vidunda
1368:Ngurimi
1315:Kw'adza
1287:Manyara
1277:Swahili
1262:Makonde
1252:Matumbi
1196:Swahili
1186:Manyema
1138:Konongo
1095:Hangaza
1021:Sandawe
1001:Burunge
973:Swahili
935:Datooga
862:Tumbuka
832:Chinese
451:British
435:Mpeseni
431:Mpezeni
392:Present
378:Zambezi
359:Karonga
343:Chipata
315:Nkandla
313:, near
269:History
189:Sangoma
165:English
145:Tumbuka
121:758,000
54:improve
2123:Subiya
2108:Nsenga
2088:Mwanga
2083:Mbunda
2078:Mambwe
2053:Lovale
2048:Lambya
2018:Chokwe
1907:Hadimu
1897:&
1880:Zigula
1875:Sambaa
1870:Segeju
1855:Dhaiso
1850:Bondei
1814:Tabora
1804:Lambya
1789:Malila
1781:Songwe
1766:Isanzu
1761:Iramba
1743:Sukuma
1735:Simiyu
1720:Sukuma
1715:Iramba
1664:Ruvuma
1644:Mambwe
1616:Zigula
1611:Zaramo
1601:Rufiji
1563:Pangwa
1535:Njombe
1525:Sukuma
1520:Kerewe
1507:Mwanza
1492:Maviha
1474:Mtwara
1459:Sagara
1454:Pogolo
1449:Luguru
1439:Kaguru
1383:Zanaki
1325:Mbugwe
1320:Maasai
1272:Ngindo
1267:Ndonde
1219:Chagga
1191:Tongwe
1158:Kigoma
1148:Rungwa
1143:Pimbwe
1120:Katavi
1105:Nyambo
1087:Kagera
1077:Ndamba
1072:Mbunga
1059:Iringa
1044:Sumbwa
1039:Sukuma
1011:Gorowa
996:Alagwa
988:Dodoma
978:Zaramo
955:Maasai
930:Arusha
922:Arusha
638:
630:
570:
453:. The
443:Zambia
425:Zambia
367:Matema
355:Ntcheu
351:Mzimba
347:Malawi
339:Zambia
335:Viphya
279:Malawi
243:Zambia
241:, and
227:Malawi
129:Zambia
117:Malawi
43:, but
2143:Yombe
2133:Tonga
2118:Senga
2113:Nyiha
2103:Nkoya
2098:Ngoni
2073:Lungu
2068:Lunda
2043:Lamba
2038:Kunda
2013:Chewa
2008:Bwile
2003:Bemba
1950:Arabs
1899:Pemba
1865:Ngulu
1860:Mbugu
1842:Tanga
1799:Ndali
1692:Nindi
1687:Ngoni
1677:Mpoto
1654:Wanda
1639:Lungu
1626:Rukwa
1578:Pwani
1568:Wanji
1558:Manda
1548:Kinga
1487:Makua
1421:Sangu
1416:Safwa
1411:Nyiha
1401:Kimbu
1393:Mbeya
1363:Kuria
1358:Kabwa
1348:Ikoma
1343:Ikizu
1310:Iraqw
1257:Mwera
1239:Lindi
1224:Ngasa
1201:Vinza
1133:Bende
1128:Bembe
1110:Shubi
1049:Zinza
1031:Geita
1016:Rangi
950:Sonjo
940:Hadza
857:Tonga
847:Lomwe
837:Ngoni
827:Chewa
705:Ngoni
636:JSTOR
247:Nguni
205:Nguni
193:Islam
153:Chewa
149:Ngoni
21:Ngoni
2058:Lozi
1634:Fipa
1591:Kami
1553:Kisi
1543:Bena
1515:Kara
1444:Kutu
1378:Ware
1373:Suba
1353:Jita
1335:Mara
1295:Akie
1229:Pare
1181:Jiji
1166:Goma
1100:Haya
1067:Hehe
1006:Gogo
945:Meru
852:Sena
657:The
628:ISSN
568:ISBN
476:and
449:and
371:Zulu
357:and
329:and
286:Zulu
251:Zulu
249:and
217:The
209:Zulu
157:Zulu
1697:Yao
1586:Doe
1300:Asa
872:Yao
457:of
441:of
257:in
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1171:Ha
634:.
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721:.
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365:(
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64:(
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23:.
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