335:, ca. 1750, that the Dlamini kings conquered and established the country Sobhuza inherited, incorporating more than a dozen smaller chiefdoms led by chiefs from other clans. Early in Sobhuza's reign, the Ngwane kingdom faced strong risks of conquest by the more powerful Ndwandwe and Zulu kingdoms to the south in the 1810s and 1820s. Sobhuza moved the main royal center northward into what is now Zombodze central Eswatini, with many of his followers relocating as well. The former royal centers in
881:
297:, Ndvungunye's senior wife. Lojiba had no male children herself. Sobhuza, as son of her sister co-wife, was considered Lojiba's classificatory son under Ngwane royal kinship and succession principles. While Sobhuza thus became Ndvungunye's heir and successor, Lojiba rather than Somnjalose became
369:. The Swazi clans under the leadership of Sobhuza I were constantly in conflict with the Ndwandwe’s. As a result, Sobhuza made an offer to marry one of the daughters of Zwide and establish peace with his neighbours. Sobhuza I had many wives, one of whom, Tsandzile, bore him
327:
to the south of modern
Swaziland, whose northern reaches encompassed today's southern Swaziland. KaNgwane was ruled by kings of the Dlamini clan, who had earlier ruled an area in and around the
249:
in the
Shiselweni region, but moved it north to new Zombodze in central Eswatini. Swazis celebrate Somhlolo Day every September 6 as their Independence Day and the national stadium is named
342:
After moving the center of
Dlamini royal power to the north, Sobhuza led the conquest of many local chiefdoms. KaNgwane became a kingdom comparable in scope and power to those of the
642:
470:
1300:
608:
538:
405:
in the east, which is larger than present day
Eswatini. The clans that were conquered before and during Sobhuza's tenure are referred to as
635:
628:
1200:
1168:
989:
943:
651:
294:
245:
or support bride to Lojiba. Somhlolo is a greatly revered king of
Eswatini. He had his first royal capital or kraal at
1240:
441:
250:
104:
42:
868:
860:
852:
828:
1295:
820:
804:
35:
844:
836:
812:
478:
370:
237:, was struck by lightning. When Sobhuza was king, Lojiba Simelane, instead of his mother, Somnjalose was
1310:
1079:
880:
554:
Bonner, Philip (2009). "Factions and
Fissions: Transvaal/Swazi Politics in the Mid-Nineteenth Century".
500:
390:
385:
King
Sobhuza 1st died in 1850 and is buried at the royal burial site at Mbilaneni. Sobhuza left his son
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1305:
1256:
1068:
394:
320:
270:
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1248:
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183:
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905:
265:. Sobhuza by the time of his death had conquered a country claimed to reach to modern day
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343:
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238:
234:
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173:
84:
71:
31:
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386:
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94:
999:
972:
246:
210:
141:
125:
17:
158:
213:, from 1815 to 1850. Born around the year 1788, his father was
624:
365:
Ndwandwe the leader of the powerful
Ndwandwe clan south of the
530:
Swaziland: tradition and change in a southern
African kingdom
331:
to the east. It was only under
Sobhuza's grandfather,
289:
Sobhuza's mother Somnjalose was the younger sister and
600:
The Kingdom of Swaziland: Studies in Political History
315:
The reign of Sobhuza I marked a crucial phase in the
533:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 9–10.
34:. For other kings and the country named Ngwane, see
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1111:
1051:
1021:
888:
658:
179:
169:
157:
147:
131:
114:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
50:
30:For the later king of Swaziland named Sobhuza, see
899:: 1745–1780 (the first King of modern Swaziland)
41:"Somhlolo" redirects here. For the stadium, see
1022:Paramount Chiefs under British rule (1906–1968)
261:as Queen Mother after a short regency by Queen
1002:(Mahlokohla): January 1895 – 10 December 1899
636:
8:
389:a country claimed to be reaching modern day
323:was a realm centered in territory along the
522:
520:
643:
629:
621:
603:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14.
411:
47:
464:
462:
458:
377:would eventually succeed him as king.
1043:: 22 December 1921 – 2 September 1968
233:, upon his birth because his father,
7:
253:. Sobhuza was succeeded by his son
1035:: 31 March 1906 – 22 December 1921
1013:: 10 December 1899 – 31 March 1906
27:King of Eswatini from 1815 to 1836
25:
1215:(Gwamile, Lamvelase), 1894–1925 (
1073:: 21 August 1982 – 9 August 1983
659:Pre-modern Swaziland (until 1745)
1112:Kings of Eswatini (2018–present)
1095:: 18 August 1983 – 25 April 1986
1084:: 9 August 1983 – 18 August 1983
879:
652:Monarchs of Eswatini (Swaziland)
1301:19th-century monarchs in Africa
918:(Zikodze, Mavuso II): 1780–1815
471:"The children of King Somhlolo"
1052:Kings of Swaziland (1968–2018)
975:(Macaleni) – never became King
556:The Journal of African History
319:. As Sobhuza began his reign,
1:
1203:(Madvolomafisha), 1875–1894 (
203:
118:
889:Modern Swaziland (1745–1906)
354:. Sobhuza I notably married
293:co-wife to her elder sister
501:"Somhlolo National Stadium"
1327:
1241:Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa
1031:Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli
1009:Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli
758:Mbhondlo/Mbhondlo/Mbhoholo
339:became southern outposts.
241:because Somnjalose was an
40:
29:
877:
568:10.1017/S0021853700027614
438:
429:
419:
414:
251:Somhlolo National Stadium
43:Somhlolo National Stadium
973:Crown Prince Ludvonga II
597:Gillis, D. Hugh (1999).
967:: July 1868 – June 1875
956:(Mavuso III): 1840–1868
807:(Matalatala): 1435–1465
527:Booth, Alan R. (1983).
36:Ngwane (disambiguation)
1183:(LaZidze), 1840–1875 (
983:(Mbandzeni): 1875–1889
221:), and his mother was
1136:(Queen Mother/Doctor)
1080:Prince Sozisa Dlamini
994:: 7 April 1889 – 1894
937:(Somhlolo): 1815–1839
373:and Mzamose Dlamini.
307:upon his accession.
1249:Seneleleni Ndwandwe
317:history of Eswatini
223:Somnjalose Simelane
184:Somnjalose Simelane
1213:Labotsibeni Mdluli
1195:(Lamgangeni), 1875
1181:Tsandzile Ndwandwe
963:Tsandzile Ndwandwe
475:Times of Swaziland
469:Dlamini, Ndumiso.
359:Tsandzile Ndwandwe
259:Tsandzile Ndwandwe
1283:
1282:
1157:Lomvula Mndzebele
925:Lomvula Mndzebele
703:Sidvwabasilutfuli
610:978-0-313-30670-9
540:978-0-86531-233-3
450:
449:
439:Succeeded by
423:Lomvula Mndzebele
403:Lubombo Mountains
401:in the south and
329:Lubombo Mountains
279:Lubombo Mountains
277:in the south and
225:. He was called
189:
188:
139:(aged 61–62)
16:(Redirected from
1318:
1276:
1273:Regent 1983–1986
1271:, 1983–present (
1264:
1261:Regent 1982–1983
1252:
1244:
1236:
1233:Nukwase Ndwandwe
1228:
1220:
1217:Regent 1899–1921
1208:
1205:Regent 1889–1894
1196:
1188:
1185:Regent 1868–1875
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1173:Regent 1836–1840
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477:. Archived from
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432:King of Eswatini
420:Preceded by
412:
361:the daughter of
231:"Mysterious man"
208:
207: 1788–1850
205:
164:House of Dlamini
138:
123:
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57:King of Eswatini
48:
21:
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1257:Dzeliwe Shongwe
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1225:Lomawa Ndwandwe
1223:
1211:
1201:Tibati Nkambule
1199:
1191:
1179:
1169:Lojiba Simelane
1167:
1155:
1145:LaYaka Ndwandwe
1143:
1126:
1118:
1107:
1099:
1088:
1082:(acting regent)
1077:
1066:
1058:
1047:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
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990:Tibati Nkambule
987:
979:
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944:Lojiba Simelane
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906:LaYaka Ndwandwe
903:
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442:Lojiba Simelane
435:
427:
425:
407:Emakhandzambili
383:
313:
295:Lojiba Simelane
287:
263:Lojiba Simelane
217:(also known as
215:King Ndvungunye
206:
194:(also known as
153:
140:
136:
124:
121:
105:Lojiba Simelane
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1296:Swazi monarchs
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1277:
1269:Ntfombi Tfwala
1265:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
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1193:Sisile Khumalo
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1140:
1138:
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1125:
1124:
1122:(1986–present)
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1106:
1105:
1103:(1986–present)
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1033:(Queen Regent)
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
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1011:(Queen Regent)
1004:
996:
992:(Queen Regent)
985:
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965:(Queen Regent)
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946:(Queen Regent)
939:
931:
927:(Queen Regent)
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908:(Queen Regent)
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873:
865:
857:
849:
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793:
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773:Langa Samuketi
770:
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562:(2): 219–238.
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539:
516:
492:
457:
456:
454:
451:
448:
447:
445:(Queen Regent)
440:
437:
428:
426:(Queen Regent)
421:
417:
416:
415:Regnal titles
393:in the north,
382:
379:
348:Maroti kingdom
312:
309:
286:
283:
269:in the north,
209:) was king of
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1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:, 1815–1840 (
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:, 1780–1815 (
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:, 1745–1780 (
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:Queen Ntfombi
1087:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:Queen Dzeliwe
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
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1038:
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1027:
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814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:: (1355–1400)
790:
786:
781:
776:
771:
768:Sikhulumaloyo
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
698:Mawawa/Kuwawa
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
668:
664:
663:
661:
657:
653:
646:
641:
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536:
532:
531:
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521:
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481:on 2014-12-18
480:
476:
472:
465:
463:
459:
452:
443:
434:
433:
424:
418:
413:
410:
408:
404:
400:
399:Pongola River
397:in the west,
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:Pongola River
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Pongola River
322:
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
284:
282:
281:in the east.
280:
276:
275:Pongola River
273:in the west,
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:and his wife
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
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201:
197:
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185:
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83:
79:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1311:1780s births
1272:
1260:
1216:
1204:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1131:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1029:
1007:
988:
961:
942:
934:
923:
904:
599:
592:
559:
555:
549:
529:
508:. Retrieved
504:
495:
483:. Retrieved
479:the original
474:
430:
406:
384:
355:
341:
314:
305:Queen Mother
304:
298:
290:
288:
242:
239:Queen Mother
230:
226:
218:
199:
195:
191:
190:
137:(1850-00-00)
1306:1839 deaths
1251:, 1975–1982
1243:, 1957–1975
1235:, 1938–1957
1227:, 1925–1938
1161:Regent 1815
1149:Regent 1780
1062:(1968–1982)
948:: 1836–1840
871:: 1720–1744
869:Dlamini III
863:: 1685–1715
855:: 1685–1685
847:: 1645–1680
839:: 1600–1640
831:: 1555–1600
823:: 1520–1550
815:: 1480–1520
799:: 1400–1435
667:Mkhulunkosi
356:inkhosikati
300:Indlovukati
122: 1788
81:Predecessor
1290:Categories
1134:Ndlovukati
1120:Mswati III
1101:Mswati III
1060:Sobhuza II
1041:Sobhuza II
981:Dlamini IV
916:Ndvungunye
897:Ngwane III
853:Magudulela
829:Dlamini II
510:2018-08-07
485:6 December
453:References
436:1820–1850
381:Later life
337:Shiselweni
333:Ngwane III
285:Background
235:Ndvungunye
229:, meaning
174:Ndvungunye
85:Ndvungunye
72:Coronation
32:Sobhuza II
954:Mswati II
935:Sobhuza I
821:Ngwane II
805:Dlamini I
738:Dondobola
723:Madlabane
718:Nkabingwe
683:Madlasomo
673:Qomizitha
584:154583172
576:0021-8537
505:Soccerway
391:Barberton
387:Mswati II
371:Mswati II
350:, or the
267:Barberton
255:Mswati II
196:Ngwane IV
192:Sobhuza I
152:Mbilaneni
95:Mswati II
91:Successor
66:1820–1850
51:Sobhuza I
18:Ngwane IV
1093:(regent)
1071:(regent)
1000:Ngwane V
861:Ludvonga
845:Mavuso I
837:Nkosi II
813:Mswati I
797:Ngwane I
753:Msimudze
748:Mlangeni
693:Ngwekati
395:Carolina
321:KaNgwane
311:Kingship
291:inhlanti
271:Carolina
247:Zombodze
243:inhlanti
227:Somhlolo
211:Eswatini
200:Somhlolo
142:Eswatini
126:Eswatini
789:Nkosi I
783:Khabako
733:Dulunga
219:Zikodze
929:: 1815
910:: 1780
743:Sihuba
713:Kunene
708:Gebase
688:Ndlovu
678:Sukuta
607:
582:
574:
537:
375:Mswati
346:, the
180:Mother
170:Father
148:Burial
101:Regent
778:Nkomo
763:Tembe
728:Hhili
580:S2CID
363:Zwide
159:House
63:Reign
605:ISBN
572:ISSN
535:ISBN
487:2013
352:Pedi
344:Zulu
135:1850
132:Died
115:Born
76:1822
564:doi
303:or
202:) (
1292::
1132:ti
578:.
570:.
560:19
558:.
519:^
503:.
473:.
461:^
409:.
204:c.
198:,
119:c.
1275:)
1263:)
1259:(
1219:)
1207:)
1187:)
1175:)
1163:)
1151:)
644:e
637:t
630:v
613:.
586:.
566::
543:.
513:.
489:.
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.