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802:"Ngũgĩ crafts a beautiful retelling of the Gĩkũyũ myth that emphasizes the noble pursuit of beauty, the necessity of personal courage, the importance of filial piety, and a sense of the Giver Supreme—a being who represents divinity, and unity, across world religions. All these things coalesce into dynamic verse to make
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While a professor at the
University of Nairobi, Ngũgĩ was the catalyst of the discussion to abolish the English department. He argued that after the end of colonialism, it was imperative that a university in Africa teach African literature, including oral literature, and that such should be done with
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On 8 August 2004, Ngũgĩ returned to Kenya as part of a month-long tour of East Africa. On 11 August, robbers broke into his high-security apartment: they assaulted Ngũgĩ, sexually assaulted his wife and stole various items of value. When Ngũgĩ returned to
America at the end of his month trip, five
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a story of miracles and perseverance; a chronicle of modernity and myth; a meditation on beginnings and endings; and a palimpsest of ancient and contemporary memory, as Ngũgĩ overlays the
Perfect Nine's feminine power onto the origin myth of the Gĩkũyũ people of Kenya in a moving rendition of the
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When asked in 2023 whether Kenyan
English or Nigerian English were now local languages, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o responded: "It's like the enslaved being happy that theirs is a local version of enslavement. English is not an African language. French is not. Spanish is not. Kenyan or Nigerian English is
578:
He was imprisoned in a cell with other political prisoners. During part of their imprisonment, they were allowed one hour of sunlight a day. Ngũgĩ writes "The compound used to be for the mentally deranged convicts before it was put to better use as a cage for 'the politically deranged." He found
258:
in Kenya that sought to liberate the theatrical process from what he held to be "the general bourgeois education system", by encouraging spontaneity and audience participation in the performances. His project sought to "demystify" the theatrical process, and to avoid the "process of alienation
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456:: "He evoked for me, an unforgettable picture of a peasant revolt in a white-dominated world. And suddenly I knew that a novel could be made to speak to me, could, with a compelling urgency, touch cords deep down in me. His world was not as strange to me as that of
525:
the realization of the richness of
African languages. In the late 60s, these efforts resulted in the university dropping English Literature as a course of study, and replacing it with one that positioned African Literature, oral and written, at the centre.
905:
by being appointed to the Erich Maria
Remarque Professorship in Languages to "acknowledge extraordinary scholarly achievement, strong leadership in the University Community and the Profession and significant contribution to our educational
444:, which has as its background the Mau Mau Uprising, and describes an unhappy romance between Christians and non-Christians, was previously on Kenya's national secondary school syllabus. He left Leeds without completing his thesis on
2068:
736:, Ngũgĩ was harassed and ordered to leave the hotel by an employee. The event led to a public outcry and angered both African-Americans and members of the African diaspora living in America, which led to an apology by the hotel.
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concluded that it is "a beautiful work of integration that not only refuses distinctions between 'high art' and traditional storytelling, but supplies that all-too rare human necessity: the sense that life has meaning."
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667:(1986), an essay arguing for African writers' expression in their native languages rather than European languages, in order to renounce lingering colonial ties and to build authentic African literature, and
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1037:
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as a professor of
English literature. He continued to teach at the university for ten years while serving as a Fellow in Creative Writing at Makerere. During this time, he also guest lectured at
690:
Chair. He is currently a
Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature as well as having been the first director of the International Center for Writing and Translation at the
243:. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal
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produces a gallery of active stars and an undifferentiated mass of grateful admirers" which, according to Ngũgĩ, encourages passivity in "ordinary people". Although his landmark play
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said: "Ngugi's language is fresh; the questions he raises are profound, the argument he makes is clear: 'To starve or kill a language is to starve and kill a people's memory bank.
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600:, and his family was harassed. Due to his writing about the injustices of the dictatorial government at the time, Ngũgĩ and his family were forced to live in exile. Only after
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During his time in prison, Ngũgĩ decided to cease writing his plays and other works in
English and began writing all his creative works in his native tongue, Gikuyu.
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Kilolo, Moses (2 June 2020). "The single most translated short story in the history of
African writing: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and the Jalada writers' collective".
747:, a collection of essays published in 2009 making the argument for the crucial role of African languages in "the resurrection of African memory", about which
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nonsense. That's an example of normalised abnormality. The colonised trying to claim the coloniser's language is a sign of the success of enslavement."
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men were arrested on suspicion of the crime, including a nephew of Ngũgĩ. In the northern hemisphere summer of 2006 the American publishing firm
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1993: The Zora Neale Hurston-Paul Robeson Award, for artistic and scholarly achievement, awarded by the National Council for Black Studies, in
2947:
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author and academic, who has been described as "East Africa's leading novelist". He began writing in English, switching to write primarily in
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1900:
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279:, the artist was released from prison, and fled Kenya. He was appointed Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature and English at the
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2016 (14 December): Sanaa Theatre Awards/Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of excellence in Kenyan Theatre, Kenya National Theatre.
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2008 (2 April): Order of the Elder of Burning Spear (Kenya Medal – conferred by Kenya's Ambassador to the United States in Los Angeles).
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as "a quest novel-in-verse that explores folklore, myth and allegory through a decidedly feminist and pan-African lens." The review in
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between 1989 and 1992. In 1992, he was a guest at the Congress of South African Writers and spent time in Zwide Township with
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360:(in which he was killed), another brother was shot during the State of Emergency, and his mother was tortured at Kamiriithu
784:(2019), was translated into English by Ngũgĩ for its 2020 publication, and is a reimagining in epic poetry of his people's
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1992 (6 April): The Paul Robeson award for Artistic Excellence, Political Conscience and Integrity, in Philadelphia, U.S.
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2002 (October): Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Cabinet Awarded by the International Scientific Committee of the
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While in exile, Ngũgĩ worked with the London-based Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners in Kenya (1982–98).
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1994 (October): The Gwendolyn Brooks Center Contributors Award for significant contribution to The Black Literary Arts
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Toh, Zorobi Philippe. “Linguistic Mystifications in Discourse: Case of Proverbs in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Matigari”.
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1974:
1469:(three plays, including the title play, "The Rebels", "The Wound in the Heart" and "This Time Tomorrow") (1970)
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427:, was published in May 1964, becoming the first novel in English to be published by a writer from East Africa.
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2016:
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269:, was a commercial success, it was shut down by the authoritarian Kenyan regime six weeks after its opening.
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Wise, Christopher. 1997. "Resurrecting the Devil: Notes on Ngũgĩ's Theory of the Oral-Aural African Novel."
2800:
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671:(translated by Wangui wa Goro), (1987), one of his most famous works, a satire based on a Gikuyu folk tale.
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which, among other things, organised African Theatre in the area. The following year saw the publication of
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Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, lauréat du Grand Prix des Mécènes / Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o awarded Grand Prix des mécènes:
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2019: Premi Internacional de Catalunya Award for his Courageous work and Advocacy for African languages
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687:
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409:, launched in London that year, with Achebe as its first advisory editor. Ngũgĩ received his B.A. in
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3956:"Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa"
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Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: The Performance of Literature and Power in Post-Colonial Africa
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Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: The Performance of Literature and Power in Post-Colonial Africa
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2424:. No. 12, Winter 2012/13. Leeds: University of Leeds. 15 February 2013. pp. 22–23.
2229:"Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: A history of creative writing instruction in East Africa"
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1970:
1265:, Honorary Doctorate degree of Human Letters (honoris causa) in Education, 27 November 2016
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became the first work written in an indigenous African language to be longlisted for the
604:, the longest-serving Kenyan president, retired in 2002, was it safe for them to return.
3039:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o nominated as author and translator in first for International Booker"
2105:
Republika: Časopis Za Kulturu I Društvena Pitanja (Izbor Iz Novije Afričke Književnosti)
4040:
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832:, with Ngũgĩ becoming the first nominee as both the author and translator of the book.
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568:
552:
481:
457:
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266:
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682:, the year he became a professor of Comparative Literature and Performance Studies at
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premiered as part of the event at The National Theatre. At the conference Ngũgĩ asked
17:
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2014 (16 November): Honoured at Archipelago Books' 10th anniversary gala in New York.
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After his release in December 1978, he was not reinstated to his job as professor at
513:, and began to write in his native Gikuyu. In 1967, Ngũgĩ also began teaching at the
394:
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88:
3189:"Ehrendoktorwürde der Universität Bayreuth für Professor Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o (German)"
2756:
2678:"The Incident at Hotel Vitale, San Francisco, California, Friday, November 10, 2006"
1863:
1651:(The Clarendon Lectures in English Literature 1996), Oxford University Press, 1998,
1119:
2012 (31 March): W.E.B. Du Bois Award, National Black Writer's Conference, New York.
434:
to study for an MA, Ngũgĩ travelled to England, where he was when his second novel,
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4015:, edited by Lèfara Silué and Paul Samsia, Paris: L’Harmattan, 2020, pp. 63–71.
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is the winner of the Winter 2007 Read This! for Lit-Blog Co-Op; The Literary Saloon
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1996: The Fonlon-Nichols Prize, New York, for Artistic Excellence and Human Rights
3824:
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2399:
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1995:
1971:"Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners in Kenya Collection: 1975-1998"
1840:
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2003 (May): Honorary Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
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2002 (July): Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature, UCI.
506:
469:
2948:"The Perfect Nine: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Feminist Spin on a Gikuyu Origin Story"
2647:
1818:
679:
329:
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4367:
Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics
3927:
2171:
1892:
3105:""How my father physically abused my late mother" - Ngugi wa Thiong'o's son"
2709:
2069:"A Family Affair at Calabash: Lit Fest hosts First Family of Kenyan Letters"
2034:"Ngugi wa Thiong'o: a major storyteller with a resonant development message"
2003:
1475:
Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture and Politics
560:
505:. He subsequently renounced writing in English, and the name James Ngugi as
4013:
Imaginaire et représentations socioculturelles dans les proverbes africains
2732:"The Hotel Responds to the Racist Treatment of Professor Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
3907:
3869:
3747:"Yale awards honorary degrees to eight individuals for their achievements"
2818:"Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir by Ngugi wa Thiong’o: review"
2151:
4066:
3058:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's book longlisted for 2021 International Booker Prize"
2017:"Kenyan author sweeps in as late favourite in Nobel prize for literature"
227:
3513:"American Academy of Arts and Sciences Elects its 2014 Class of Members"
2979:"How the SoCal coast inspired a legendary author's feminist Kenyan epic"
2514:
2494:
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1133:
Nicolás Guillén Lifetime Achievement Award for Philosophical Literature
861:
502:
477:
376:
255:
31:
1093:
2008: Dan and Maggie Inouye Distinguished Chair in Democratic Ideals,
674:
Ngũgĩ was Visiting Professor of English and Comparative Literature at
4399:
Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
3955:
3159:
2998:"The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
2112:
1955:
Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
1622:
Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
923:
664:
Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
380:
337:
333:
300:
3798:
2835:"Marie Arana reviews 'Dreams in a Time of War' by Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
638:) was published at this time. In 1984, he was Visiting Professor at
555:
and also published in 1977, provoked the then Kenyan Vice-President
3565:"Honoring Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o at Archipelago's 10th Anniversary Gala"
2326:
2100:
1819:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: 'Europe and the West must also be decolonised'"
955:
2004 (23–28 February): Visiting Fellow, Humanities Research Centre.
295:. Ngũgĩ has frequently been regarded as a likely candidate for the
4112:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: three days with a giant of African literature"
2476:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: three days with a giant of African literature"
1223:, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Literature and Philosophy, July 2004.
910:
885:
701:
341:
2893:"In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir, By Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
2597:
Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Gender, and the Ethics of Postcolonial Reading
2131:
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, gender, and the ethics of postcolonial reading
757:" This was followed by two well-received autobiographical works:
272:
Ngũgĩ was subsequently imprisoned for over a year. Adopted as an
4055:
3992:"Queries over Ngugi's appeal to save African languages, culture"
2050:
1837:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: A Profile of a Literary and Social Activist"
1057:
Gold medal winner in Fiction for the 2007 California Book Awards
950:
Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa
864:
that his father had physically abused his mother, now deceased.
765:(2012), which was described as "brilliant and essential" by the
4391:
Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya
4127:
1862:
Scheub, Harold; Wynne Gunner, Elizabeth Ann (2 December 2022).
1603:
Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya
3597:"Jalada Africa, Ngugi Wa Thiong'o Win at Sanaa Theatre Awards"
3441:"James Kelman is UK's hope for Man Booker international prize"
3399:
Dan and Maggie Inouye Distinguished Chair in Democratic Ideals
1106:
2011: (17 February) Africa Channel Literary Achievement Award.
579:
solace in writing and wrote the first modern novel in Gikuyu,
4034:
1221:
Walter Sisulu University (formerly U. Transkei), South Africa
1193:
PEN/Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature
559:
to order his arrest. Along with copies of his play, books by
521:
in the department of English and African Studies for a year.
2287:
Urban Obsessions, Urban Fears: The Postcolonial Kenyan Novel
210:
4511:
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Kenya
3131:"Kenya: Mukoma wa Ngugi and GBV – the 'culture of silence'"
932:, "The Best Twelve African Books of the Twentieth Century."
3692:"Ngugi wa Thiong'o Awarded Prestigious PEN America Honors"
2972:
2970:
2348:"Ngũgĩ, Leeds and the Establishment of African Literature"
3579:"Ngugi Wa Thiongo wins 6th Pak Kyong-ni Literature Award"
3467:"National Book Critics Circle Names 2012 Award Finalists"
3183:
3181:
2872:"Ngugi wa Thiong'o soars 'In the House of the Interpreter
1686:
Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing on JSTOR
1571:
Birth of a Dream Weaver: A Memoir of a Writer's Awakening
642:, and the following year was Writer-in-Residence for the
452:, about whom Ngũgĩ said in his 1972 collection of essays
4089:, 2012 lecture by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, published in Leeds
4050:, 12 September 2006. Interview with Ngũgĩ wa Thiongo on
3515:. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 23 April 2014
2422:
Leeds: Magazine for alumni of the University of Leeds UK
3079:"Return of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o with his writing children"
2439:
A Study Guide for Ngugi wa Thiong'o's "Petals of Blood"
2266:"African Writers, Readers, Historians Gather In London"
405:, which would subsequently be published in Heinemann's
356:; his half-brother Mwangi was actively involved in the
1235:, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, May 2005.
1229:, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, May 2005.
968:
magazine's Top 10 Books of the Year (European edition)
3020:"The best recent poetry collections – review roundup"
1636:
Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms
1073:
2007 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award for Black Literature
719:
published his first new novel in nearly two decades,
543:. Its strong political message, and that of his play
4415:
Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedom
3535:"The Nicolas Guillén Philosophical Literature Prize"
2200:"The First Makerere African Writers Conference 1962"
575:, and kept there without a trial for nearly a year.
4358:
4331:
4296:
4261:
4162:
3895:. East African Literature Bureau. 1970. p. 50.
3429:
Booker Prize Foundation. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
2734:. Africa Resource. 10 November 2006. Archived from
2680:. Africa Resource. 10 November 2006. Archived from
2652:"The Outsider: an interview with Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
2327:"About | Profile of a Literary and Social Activist"
1996:"Despite the Criticism, Ngugi is 'Still Best Writer
1965:
1963:
1692:
Secure the Base: Making Africa Visible in the Globe
725:, translated to English from Gikuyu by the author.
413:from Makerere University College, Uganda, in 1963.
203:
188:
180:
133:
114:
103:
95:
62:
43:
4058:, New York public radio, following publication of
2400:"Kenya: Ngugi Book Causes Rift Between Publishers"
1884:The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism
1864:"African literature; search for Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
1760:The Upright Revolution, Or Why Humans Walk Upright
1522:: Ithaako ria ngerekano (I Will Marry When I Want)
535:Kamiriithu Community Education and Cultural Centre
249:The Upright Revolution: Or Why Humans Walk Upright
3296:Miller, Laura; Frey, Hillary (13 December 2006).
1247:, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Letters, 15 May 2008
948:2003 (December): Honorary Life Membership of the
844:Four of his children are also published authors:
430:Later that year, having won a scholarship to the
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
2757:"Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance"
1932:"Jalada Translation Issue 01: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
1675:Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing
1155:/UCR Creative Writing Lifetime Achievement Award
741:Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing
3909:Wrestling with the devil : a prison memoir
3665:"Inaugural RSL International Writers Announced"
2779:"Dreams in a Time of War, By Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
780:, originally written and published in Gikuyu as
4251:The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi
3271:"Books of the year 2006 | Fighting to be tops"
2801:"Dreams in a Time of War by Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
2381:"Kenya: Publishers Losing Millions to Pirates"
1662:Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance
1411:The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi
745:Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance
4139:
1241:, Honorary doctorate of Letters (LittD), 2005
1217:, Honorary doctorate of Letters (LittD), 2004
1090:2008: (October, 24) Grinzane for Africa Award
876:1964: Unesco First Prize for his debut novel
254:In 1977, Ngũgĩ embarked upon a novel form of
8:
3377:"Crowd of contenders jostle for Impac prize"
2928:"A portrait of the dissident as a young man"
2369:, Heinemann Educational Books, 1983, p. 188.
2365:Hans M. Zell, Carol Bundy, Virginia Coulon,
1227:California State University, Dominguez Hills
614:(1976). He wrote this in collaboration with
387:held at Makerere in June 1962, and his play
4501:Academic staff of the University of Nairobi
1545:Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir
1259:, Honorary doctorate (Dr. phil. h.c.), 2014
759:Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir
4146:
4132:
4124:
4039:
3940:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2529:"Ngugi wa Thiong'o (b. James Ngugi, 1938)"
2367:A New Reader's Guide to African Literature
2184:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
610:His time in prison also inspired the play
533:In 1976, Thiong'o helped to establish The
51:
40:
3968:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183907.001.0001
2469:
2467:
2465:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
1584:Wrestling with the devil: A Prison Memoir
1558:In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir
1271:, Honorary doctorate (D.Litt. h.c.), 2017
924:Nonino International Prize for Literature
782:Kenda Muiyuru: Rugano Rwa Gikuyu na Mumbi
763:In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir
417:First publications and studies in England
4586:University of California, Irvine faculty
4536:Kenyan expatriates in the United Kingdom
4082:Ngugi wa Thiong'o biography and booklist
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2249:"Namibian Literature at the Cross Roads"
1253:, Honorary doctorate in Literature, 2013
251:has been translated into 100 languages.
4481:21st-century dramatists and playwrights
4456:20th-century dramatists and playwrights
3627:"Awards: LARB/UCR Lifetime Achievement"
2946:Peterson, Angeline (27 November 2020).
1801:
448:, for which his studies had focused on
3933:
2575:
2573:
2290:. Africa World Press. pp. 15–16.
2177:
397:to read the manuscripts of his novels
4526:Kenyan emigrants to the United States
4087:The Language of Scholarship in Africa
3690:Ibeh, Chukwuebuka (4 February 2022).
2398:Ngunjiri, Joseph (25 November 2007).
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1127:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
509:; by 1970 he had changed his name to
488:Change of name, ideology and teaching
226:
7:
3567:. Archipelago Books. 18 August 2014.
2977:Tepper, Anderson (12 October 2020).
1839:. ngugiwathiongo.com. Archived from
1277:, Honorary doctorate (D.Litt.), 2019
1000:s picks for Best Fiction of the year
4348:Minutes of Glory: And Other Stories
4093:74 (December 2012), pp. 42–47.
3998:, Lifestyle Magazine, 13 June 2009.
3539:Caribbean Philosophical Association
3375:Pauli, Michelle (6 November 2007).
2600:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 151.
1478:. Lawrence Hill and Company. 1972.
646:in London. He also studied film at
3854:Minutes of Glory and Other Stories
3603:. 16 December 2016. Archived from
3465:Williams, John (14 January 2012).
3356:. University of California, Irvine
3018:Sampson, Fiona (10 October 2020).
2418:"Ngugi Wa Thiong'o Man of Letters"
1705:The Language of Languages (2023),
1446:Minutes of Glory and Other Stories
1166:2018, for his entire body of work.
1111:National Book Critics Circle Award
860:. In March 2024, Mũkoma posted on
352:. His family was caught up in the
25:
4521:Kenyan dramatists and playwrights
4506:Alumni of the University of Leeds
3348:Lewis, Veronica (23 April 2007).
3077:Waweru, Peter Kimani and Kiundu.
2909:"In the House of the Interpreter"
2622:"Out of Africa, a literary voice"
2581:"Kenya exile ends troubled visit"
2556:. Foundation Press. p. 207.
2379:Wachira, Muchemi (2 April 2008).
2237:. Chimurenga Who No Know Go Know.
2103:[Biographic appendices].
1539:Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary
1027:Independent Foreign Fiction Prize
873:1963: The East Africa Novel Prize
571:were confiscated. He was sent to
307:. Among his children are authors
4383:Education for a National Culture
3850:Bokemper, Daniel (Summer 2019).
3401:. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
3324:"Beginnings: Wizard of the Crow"
2533:Craig White's Literature Courses
2497:The Emergence of African Fiction
1735:(translated by Wangui wa Goro) (
1727:Njamba Nene na Mbaathi i Mathagu
1725:(translated by Wangui wa Goro) (
1597:Education for a National Culture
930:Zimbabwe International Book Fair
771:, among other positive reviews.
692:University of California, Irvine
281:University of California, Irvine
4407:Writing against Neo-Colonialism
4340:Secret Lives, and Other Stories
4278:Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief
4077:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – An Overview
4020:Research in African Literatures
3728:. November 2013. Archived from
3439:Flood, Alison (18 March 2009).
2703:Coker, Matt (6 December 2006).
1737:Njamba Nene na Chibu King'ang'i
1733:Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief
1615:Writing against Neo-Colonialism
1433:Secret Lives, and Other Stories
1280:Honorary PhD, Roskilde, Denmark
1233:Dillard University, New Orleans
1115:In the House of the Interpreter
1064:2007 Aspen Prize for Literature
383:. As a student he attended the
4556:Kenyan prisoners and detainees
4270:Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus
4107:68 (May 2006), pp. 26–54.
4105:Leeds African Studies Bulletin
3826:Secret Lives and Other Stories
3103:Stephen, Onu (13 March 2024).
3056:Koga, Valerie (2 April 2021).
2705:"ROUGHED UP ON THE WATERFRONT"
2474:Baraka, Carey (13 June 2023).
2356:74 (December 2012), pp. 48–62.
2353:Leeds African Studies Bulletin
1723:Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus
1102:Man Booker International Prize
1095:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
728:On 10 November 2006, while in
573:Kamiti Maximum Security Prison
1:
3601:James Murua's Literature Blog
2550:K. Narayana Chandran (2005).
2493:Brown, David Maughan (1979).
2077:. 18 May 2014. Archived from
1376:, translated into English by
1113:(finalist Autobiography) for
1038:NAACP Image Award for Fiction
4541:Kenyan expatriates in Uganda
4516:Dramatiska Institutet alumni
3765:"Honorary Graduates in 2019"
3487:"Ngugi Wa Thiong'o Honoured"
3037:Cain, Sian (30 March 2021).
2996:Crayon, Alex (Autumn 2020).
2329:. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o website.
1503:, African Publishing Group,
901:1992 (October): honoured by
893:for Literature, at Alma Atta
882:World Festival of Black Arts
4375:Writers in Politics: Essays
3769:The University of Edinburgh
3726:University of Dar es Salaam
3669:Royal Society of Literature
3156:"Some of the Prize Winners"
2936:(Zimbabwe), 10 August 2015.
2119:: 1424–1427. December 1978.
1251:University of Dar es Salaam
1207:, Doctor of Humane Letters
1186:Royal Society of Literature
1152:Los Angeles Review of Books
1048:Commonwealth Writers' Prize
1046:- shortlisted for the 2007
1018:Favorite Books of the year.
661:, his prison diary (1981),
358:Kenya Land and Freedom Army
4602:
4576:Makerere University alumni
4203:The Trial of Dedan Kimathi
3906:Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo (2018).
3823:Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1992).
3350:"Ngugi Wins Fiction Prize"
3160:Nonino Distillatori S.p.A.
2594:Nicholls, Brendon (2013).
2452:"A Grain of Wheat Summary"
2150:Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo (2017).
1785:21st century in literature
1493:The Trial of Dedan Kimathi
1174:International Booker Prize
1172:2021: Shortlisted for the
1100:2009: Shortlisted for the
830:International Booker Prize
788:. It was described by the
612:The Trial of Dedan Kimathi
385:African Writers Conference
371:, and went on to study at
301:International Nonino Prize
283:. He previously taught at
29:
4581:People from Kiambu County
4491:21st-century male writers
4466:20th-century male writers
3839:– via Google Books.
2553:Texts and Their Worlds Ii
2284:John Roger Kurtz (1998).
1747:Bathitoora ya Njamba Nene
1122:2013 (October): UCI Medal
324:Early years and education
297:Nobel Prize in Literature
208:
50:
27:Kenyan writer (born 1938)
4091:African Studies Bulletin
3322:Kinna (27 August 2010).
3245:"Where magic is reality"
1975:George Padmore Institute
1893:10.4324/9781315149660-21
984:s Best Books of the Year
739:His later books include
657:His later works include
549:I Will Marry When I Want
4571:Kikuyu-language writers
4471:20th-century memoirists
4052:The Leonard Lopate Show
3425:23 October 2016 at the
2852:Dreams in a Time of War
1868:Encyclopedia Britannica
1762:, Seagull Press, 2019,
1419:Short-story collections
1275:University of Edinburgh
1081:nominated for the 2008
732:at Hotel Vitale at the
519:Northwestern University
303:in Italy, and the 2016
285:Northwestern University
235:; 5 January 1938) is a
4496:21st-century novelists
4486:21st-century essayists
4476:20th-century novelists
4461:20th-century essayists
3861:World Literature Today
3298:"Best fiction of 2006"
3193:University of Bayreuth
2626:Orange County Register
2583:. BBC. 30 August 2004.
2456:LitCharts (SparkNotes)
2156:. New York, New York.
1356:Caitaani Mutharaba-Ini
1257:University of Bayreuth
1239:University of Auckland
1160:Grand Prix des mécènes
942:Centre, Rimini, Italy.
891:1973: The Lotus Prize
809:
795:World Literature Today
711:
587:Caitaani mũtharaba-Inĩ
498:marked his embrace of
407:African Writers Series
348:descent, and baptised
277:prisoner of conscience
228:[ᵑɡoɣewáðiɔŋɔ]
18:Ngugi Wa Thiong'o
4235:Matigari ma Njiruungi
4195:A Meeting in the Dark
3870:10.1353/wlt.2019.0028
3856:by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
3829:. Pearson Education.
3109:Premium Times Nigeria
2499:by Charles R. Larson"
2247:Frederick Philander,
2107:(in Serbo-Croatian).
1716:
1426:A Meeting in the Dark
1369:Matigari ma Njiruungi
1263:KCA University, Kenya
1025:- longlisted for the
800:
706:Ngũgĩ reading at the
705:
628:Matigari ma Njiruungi
515:University of Nairobi
274:Amnesty International
224:Gikuyu pronunciation:
163:Matigari ma Njiruungi
45:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
30:In this article, the
4286:Njamba Nene's Pistol
3607:on 26 September 2021
3585:. 21 September 2016.
1825:. 10 September 2019.
1743:Njamba Nene's Pistol
1188:International Writer
1069:Wizard of the Crow –
1062:Wizard of the Crow -
1055:Wizard of the Crow -
688:Erich Maria Remarque
686:, where he held the
648:Dramatiska Institute
644:Borough of Islington
589:), on prison-issued
446:Caribbean literature
440:, came out in 1965.
369:Alliance High School
107:English, Kiswahili,
4551:Kenyan philosophers
4227:Mother, Sing For Me
4067:"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"
3420:"Ngugi Wa Thiong’o"
3395:"Ngugi wa Thiong'o"
2882:, 16 November 2012.
2858:The Complete Review
2650:(26 January 2006).
2539:on 9 December 2013.
2495:"Reviewed Work(s):
2204:Makerere University
2129:Nicholls, Brendon.
2101:"Biografski dodaci"
1953:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,
1609:Mother, Sing For Me
1524:(1977, 1982) (with
1245:New York University
1215:University of Leeds
1142:Park Kyong-ni Prize
1050:Best Book – Africa.
1014:highlighted in the
903:New York University
708:Library of Congress
684:New York University
640:Bayreuth University
551:), co-written with
492:Ngũgĩ's 1967 novel
432:University of Leeds
373:Makerere University
305:Park Kyong-ni Prize
293:New York University
128:University of Leeds
119:Makerere University
4313:This Time Tomorrow
4243:Wizard of the Crow
4219:Devil on the Cross
4101:"Publishing Ngũgĩ"
4060:Wizard of the Crow
4048:"Writing in Exile"
3892:This Time Tomorrow
3671:. 30 November 2021
3633:. 16 February 2016
3472:The New York Times
3225:. 17 December 2006
2926:Mushava, Stanely,
2899:, 1 December 2012.
2765:, 26 January 2009.
2628:. 11 November 2013
2435:"Author Biography"
2274:, 27 October 2017.
2234:Chimurenga Chronic
2153:Devil on the cross
2006:, 8 November 2010.
1957:, 1994, pp. 57–59.
1513:Micere Githae Mugo
1467:This Time Tomorrow
1396:Wizard of the Crow
1361:Devil on the Cross
1083:IMPAC Dublin Award
1079:Wizard of the Crow
1044:Wizard of the Crow
1036:- finalist on the
1034:Wizard of the Crow
1023:Wizard of the Crow
1012:Wizard of the Crow
1005:Wizard of the Crow
989:Wizard of the Crow
973:Wizard of the Crow
960:Wizard of the Crow
868:Awards and honours
722:Wizard of the Crow
712:
616:Micere Githae Mugo
598:Nairobi University
582:Devil on the Cross
328:Ngũgĩ was born in
299:. He won the 2001
265:, co-written with
247:. His short story
173:Wizard of the Crow
4433:
4432:
4179:The River Between
4156:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
4071:Books and Writers
4065:Petri Liukkonen.
3977:978-0-19-818390-7
3919:978-1-62097-333-2
3836:978-0-435-90975-8
3803:Ngugi wa Thiong'o
3719:"43rd graduation"
3277:. 7 December 2006
3251:. 17 October 2006
3135:The Africa Report
2983:Los Angeles Times
2917:, 29 August 2012.
2891:Busby, Margaret,
2880:Los Angeles Times
2762:Publishers Weekly
2503:English in Africa
2458:. 28 August 2022.
2297:978-0-86543-657-2
2227:(18 April 2017).
2163:978-0-14-310736-1
2051:"MUKOMA WA NGUGI"
2040:, 6 October 2010.
2032:Provost, Claire,
2023:, 5 October 2010.
2015:Page, Benedicte,
1902:978-1-315-14966-0
1780:Kenyan literature
1711:978-1-80309-071-9
1670:978-0-465-00946-6
1591:Other non-fiction
1579:978-1-62097-240-3
1566:978-0-30790-769-1
1553:978-1-84655-377-6
1485:978-0-435-18580-0
1312:The River Between
1125:2014: Elected to
1071:finalist for the
1016:Washington Post's
790:Los Angeles Times
768:Los Angeles Times
750:Publishers Weekly
652:Stockholm, Sweden
511:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
442:The River Between
437:The River Between
421:His debut novel,
399:The River Between
220:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
217:
216:
145:The River Between
16:(Redirected from
4593:
4546:Kenyan novelists
4531:Kenyan essayists
4321:Ngaahika Ndeenda
4305:The Black Hermit
4262:Children's books
4187:A Grain of Wheat
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4046:Leonard Lopate,
4043:
4038:
4037:
4035:Official website
3999:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3931:
3912:. New York, NY.
3903:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3795:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3735:on 26 July 2014.
3734:
3723:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3541:. Archived from
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3195:. Archived from
3185:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3129:Ombaka, Rachel.
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2943:
2937:
2924:
2918:
2906:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2848:
2842:
2841:, 10 March 2010.
2831:
2825:
2824:, 27 April 2010.
2814:
2808:
2794:
2788:
2787:, 26 March 2010.
2772:
2766:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2738:on 30 April 2021
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2535:. Archived from
2525:
2519:
2518:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:The Daily Nation
2395:
2389:
2388:
2385:The Daily Nation
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2302:
2301:
2281:
2275:
2262:
2256:
2255:, 18 April 2008.
2245:
2239:
2238:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2147:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2081:on 17 April 2021
2074:Jamaica Observer
2065:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2041:
2030:
2024:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1958:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1938:. 22 March 2016.
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1843:on 29 March 2009
1833:
1827:
1826:
1806:
1790:World literature
1717:Children's books
1520:Ngaahika Ndeenda
1489:
1460:The Black Hermit
1391:Mũrogi wa Kagogo
1327:A Grain of Wheat
1205:Albright College
1199:Honorary degrees
1184:2021: Elected a
1179:The Perfect Nine
999:
983:
858:Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ
826:The Perfect Nine
804:The Perfect Nine
777:The Perfect Nine
756:
634:into English as
565:Friedrich Engels
545:Ngaahika Ndeenda
495:A Grain of Wheat
390:The Black Hermit
354:Mau Mau Uprising
313:Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ
262:Ngaahika Ndeenda
230:
225:
213:
211:Official website
168:Mũrogi wa Kagogo
151:A Grain of Wheat
78:
74:
72:
57:Thiong'o in 2012
55:
41:
21:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4354:
4327:
4292:
4257:
4211:Petals of Blood
4171:Weep Not, Child
4158:
4152:
4120:, 13 June 2023.
4033:
4032:
4029:
4008:
4006:Further reading
4003:
4002:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3960:Oxford Academic
3954:
3953:
3949:
3932:
3920:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3799:"List of Works"
3797:
3796:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3631:Shelf Awareness
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3493:. 28 March 2012
3485:
3484:
3480:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3427:Wayback Machine
3418:
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3097:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3063:The EastAfrican
3055:
3054:
3050:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2907:
2903:
2897:The Independent
2890:
2886:
2873:
2870:Tobar, Hector,
2869:
2865:
2849:
2845:
2839:Washington Post
2832:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2784:The Independent
2775:Busby, Margaret
2773:
2769:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2684:on 30 June 2009
2676:
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2222:
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2198:
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2164:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2055:MUKOMA WA NGUGI
2049:
2048:
2044:
2031:
2027:
2014:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1814:Wayback Machine
1807:
1803:
1798:
1776:
1719:
1593:
1535:
1486:
1472:
1455:
1421:
1342:Petals of Blood
1297:Weep Not, Child
1292:
1287:
1269:Yale University
1201:
997:
981:
880:, at the first
870:
850:Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ
842:
824:In March 2021,
754:
700:
676:Yale University
630:(translated by
624:
557:Daniel arap Moi
540:Petals of Blood
531:
490:
424:Weep Not, Child
419:
403:Weep Not, Child
367:He went to the
338:Kiambu district
326:
321:
309:Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ
289:Yale University
223:
209:
157:Petals of Blood
139:Weep Not, Child
126:
79:
76:
70:
68:
67:
58:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4122:
4121:
4110:Carey Baraka,
4108:
4094:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4063:
4044:
4028:
4027:External links
4025:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4007:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3990:Mwangi, Evan,
3983:
3976:
3947:
3918:
3898:
3882:
3842:
3835:
3815:
3781:
3756:
3753:. 18 May 2017.
3738:
3710:
3682:
3656:
3653:actualitte.com
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3618:
3588:
3570:
3556:
3526:
3504:
3478:
3457:
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3412:
3386:
3367:
3354:New University
3340:
3314:
3288:
3262:
3236:
3210:
3177:
3162:Archived from
3147:
3121:
3095:
3069:
3048:
3029:
3010:
2988:
2966:
2938:
2919:
2914:Kirkus Reviews
2901:
2884:
2863:
2843:
2833:Arana, Marie,
2826:
2809:
2807:, 3 July 2010.
2789:
2767:
2749:
2723:
2695:
2669:
2639:
2613:
2606:
2586:
2569:
2562:
2542:
2520:
2485:
2461:
2443:
2427:
2409:
2390:
2371:
2358:
2346:James Currey,
2332:
2303:
2296:
2276:
2264:Robert Gates,
2257:
2240:
2216:
2191:
2162:
2135:
2133:, 2010, p. 89.
2122:
2092:
2060:
2042:
2025:
2008:
1987:
1959:
1941:
1923:
1901:
1873:
1854:
1828:
1800:
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1794:
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1792:
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1782:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1740:
1730:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1701:978-0857423139
1688:
1683:978-0231159517
1672:
1659:
1646:
1644:978-0852555309
1633:
1631:978-0852555019
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:Ngũgĩ wa Mirii
1516:
1490:
1484:
1470:
1464:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1435:(1976, 1992),
1430:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1388:
1378:Wangui wa Goro
1365:
1353:
1338:
1330:(1967, 1992),
1323:
1308:
1306:978-0143026242
1291:
1288:
1286:
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943:
936:
933:
926:
920:
917:
914:
907:
899:
896:
895:, Khazakhistan
889:
878:Weep Not Child
874:
869:
866:
854:Nducu wa Ngũgĩ
841:
838:
699:
696:
632:Wangui wa Goro
623:
620:
569:Vladimir Lenin
553:Ngũgĩ wa Mirii
530:
527:
489:
486:
482:D. H. Lawrence
450:George Lamming
418:
415:
325:
322:
320:
317:
267:Ngũgĩ wa Mirii
215:
214:
206:
205:
201:
200:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
135:
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130:
116:
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100:
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75:5 January 1938
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26:
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14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4598:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:Kikuyu people
4564:
4562:
4561:Kenyan exiles
4559:
4557:
4554:
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4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
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4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Living people
4449:
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4441:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
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4388:
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4380:
4377:
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4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:Short stories
4330:
4323:
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4129:
4126:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4106:
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4098:
4095:
4092:
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4083:
4080:
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4072:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4022:28.1:134–140.
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3883:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3699:
3698:
3697:Brittle Paper
3693:
3686:
3683:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3545:on 6 May 2014
3544:
3540:
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3530:
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3514:
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3505:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
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3400:
3396:
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3382:
3378:
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3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3289:
3276:
3275:The Economist
3272:
3266:
3263:
3250:
3249:The Economist
3246:
3240:
3237:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3199:on 6 May 2014
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3166:on 6 May 2014
3165:
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3099:
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3049:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2953:Brittle Paper
2949:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2934:
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2923:
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2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2898:
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2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2847:
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2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:The Telegraph
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2607:9781409475699
2603:
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2563:9788175962880
2559:
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2453:
2447:
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2441:, Gale, 2000.
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2225:Kahora, Billy
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2018:
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1994:Evan Mwangi,
1991:
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1887:. Routledge.
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