370:"the 'son,' a passionate dance born of the Negro-white encounter under Caribbean skies in which the words and music of the people culminate in song, is the basic substance of the elemental poetry which Guillen intuitively felt as the expression of the Cuban spirit.... He specifically chose the son as the mixed artistic creation of the two races that make up the Cuban population; for the son, in form and content, runs the full gamut of every aspect of our national character."
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Guillén, so the
American's arrival created a stir in the artistic community. The next month, on 9 March 1930, Guillén published “Conversación con Langston Hughes”, an article describing his experience of meeting Hughes in Havana. The Cubans expected a nearly white, tall and heavyset man in his forties with thin lips and an even thinner English-style mustache. Instead they saw a twenty-seven-year-old, slight brown man without a mustache. Guillén wrote that Mr. Hughes
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traveled to Cuba for the second time, on a two-week mission to find a black composer to collaborate on a folk opera. He had been given a letter of introduction to José Antonio Fernández de Castro, his door to Cuba’s artistic world. At this time Hughes’ poetry was better known to Cubans than that of
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to express its views. Government forces assassinated Guillén's father for protesting against electoral fraud and destroyed his printing press, where Nicolás and a brother were already working. Argelia and her children struggled financially. Nicolás and his siblings encountered discriminatory racism
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the
National Cuban Writers' Union, serving for more than 25 years. He continued to write evocative and poignant poetry highlighting social conditions, such as "Problemas de Subdesarrollo" and "Dos Niños" (Two Children). He was considered the national poet of Cuba, who drew from its multicultural
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Hughes drew not only rhythmic innovation from these folk music traditions, but used them as a means to express his protest against racial inequality. Both poets shared anger against racism, but Hughes impressed Guillén with his particular kind of racial consciousness. Although the Cuban poet had
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The author wrote on the inside cover, “Al poeta
Langston Hughes, querido amigo mío. Afectuosamente, Nicolás Guillén”. Although Hughes did not find an Afro-Cuban composer to work with, he created a lasting friendship with Guillén; it was based on their mutual respect and convictions about racial
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After returning to Cuba, he stood as a
Communist in the local elections of 1940. This caused him to be refused a visa to enter the United States the following year, but he traveled widely during the next decades in South America, China and Europe. In 1953, after being in Chile, he was refused
240:, African-European descent. His father had fought for independence as a lieutenant. When his first son Nicolás was born, the father worked as a journalist for one of the new local papers. He introduced his son to Afro-Cuban music when he was very young. Guillén y Urra belonged to the
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It was soon acclaimed as a masterpiece and widely imitated. In the 1920s, when Afro-Cuban sounds and instruments were changing the world of Cuban music, Afro-Cuban culture began to be expressed in art and literature as well. Initially, Afro-Cuban poetry, or
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Guillén later became acknowledged by many critics as the most influential of those Latin
American poets who dealt with African themes and re-created African song and dance rhythms in literary form. Guillen made an international mark with the publication of
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music. The work consists of eight short poems using the everyday language of the Afro Cubans. The collection stood out in the literary world because it emphasized and established the importance of Afro-Cuban culture as a valid genre in Cuban literature.
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expressed outrage against racism and economic imperialism, he had not yet done so in language inspired by Afro-Cuban speech, song, and dance. He had been more concerned with protest than with celebrating the power and beauty of Afro Cubans.
378:, such a profound musical genre of that time, initiated the fusion of black and white Cuban culture. Guillén's incorporation of the genre into his writings, symbolized and created a pathway for the same cultural fusion in Cuban literature.
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Guillén drew from his mixed
African and Spanish ancestry and education to combine his knowledge of traditional literary form with firsthand experience of the speech, legends, songs, and songs of Afro-Cubans in his first volume of poetry,
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and the blues, as folk music traditions whose form was based on the call-and-response structure of
African music. Additionally, he was excited about its possibilities as an organic base for formal poetry. According to biographer
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Within weeks of meeting Hughes, Guillén quickly wrote eight poems that were markedly different from his previous work. His new poems generated controversy and established Guillén's fame as one of the premier poets of the
541:. He stood as a Communist in the local elections of 1940. The following year he was refused a visa to enter the United States, but he travelled widely during the next two decades in South America, China and Europe.
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427:’s poetry to Spanish, arranged for the two poets to meet. He was a white Cuban from an aristocratic family who loved black Cuba. He was a newspaperman, a diplomat, and a friend to Cuba’s artists.
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and made his first trip abroad in July 1937 to attend the Second
International Writers' Congress, the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude of intellectuals to the war in Spain, held in
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Guillén became outspoken politically, and dissatisfied with picturesque portrayal of the daily life of the poor. He began to decry their oppression in his poetry volumes
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was based on Guillén's poem of the same name, and became that composer's best-known work, followed by José Limantour's suite from his film score for
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389:(1931). In this work, he included poems that depicted the lives of Cubans and emphasized the importance of Afro-Cuban culture in Cuban history.
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movement, which spanned the
Americas. On 21 April 1930, Guillén sent Hughes the result of his inspiration, his book of poetry
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regime was overthrown in 1933, but political repression in the following years intensified. In 1936, with other editors of
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regime was overthrown in 1933, but political repression intensified. After being jailed in 1936, Guillén joined the
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Antologia Oral: Poesia
Hispanoamericana del Siglo XX / Oral Anthology: Spanish-American Poetry of the 20th Century
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Gray, Kathryn, "The Influence of Musical Folk Traditions in the Poetry of Langston Hughes and Nicolas Guillen"
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captures the essence of the Afro-Cuban culture and ways that the people deal with their personal situations.
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which reflected his growing political commitment. Guillén is probably the best-known representative of the "
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Matin, Dellita L. "West African and Hispanic Elements in Nicolás Guillén's ‘La canción del bongó’",
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His enthusiasm for Cuban music inspired Guillén. Hughes immediately saw the similarities between
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government from re-entering Cuba after a trip to Chile and had to spend five years in exile.
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the next year, traveling to Spain for a Congress of Writers and Artists, and covering the
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This article is about the Cuban poet. For the documentarian filmmaker (his nephew), see
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poet, journalist and political activist. He is best remembered as the national poet of
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Por el mar de las Antillas anda un barco de papel. Poemas para niños y mayores de edad
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Benítez-Rojo, Antonio. "The role of music in the emergence of Afro-Cuban culture,"
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Guillén was especially taken with Hughes' warm personality and enthusiasm for the "
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re-entry to Cuba and spent five years in exile. He returned after the successful
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Guillén's poetry was increasingly becoming imbued with issues of cross-cultural
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Aguier, Angel, and Joseph M. Bernstein. "The Cuban Poetry of Nicolas Guillen"
845:. Madrid: Visor libros y Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 2009.
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central to his poetry, as the American had used elements of blues and jazz.
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are held at the Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries,
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Auguier, Angel, and J.M. Bernstein. "The Cuban Poetry of Nicolas Guillen"
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poetry, was mainly published by European Cubans such as Emilio Ballagas,
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The Cuban Condition: Translation and Identity in Modern Cuban Literature
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of 1959. From 1961, he served more than 30 years as president of the
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Hernández, Consuelo. "Por las rutas del Caribe: Nicolás Guillén,
166:(1930) was strongly influenced by his meeting that year with the
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Solventando las diferencias: la ideología del mestizaje en Cuba
865:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Rpt. 1997, 2006.
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Twentieth-Century Latin American Poetry: A Bilingual Anthology
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Associated Press, "Nicolas Guillen, 87, National Poet of Cuba"
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Voces y perspectivas en la poesía latinoamericana del siglo XX
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1056:. Madrid: Iberoamericana – Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2003.
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In 1930, José Antonio Fernández de Castro, publisher of the
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Libre estoy, vine de lejos, soy un negro. Antología poética
725:(trans. Salvador Ortiz-Carboneres; Peepal Tree Press, 2005)
1159:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1996, p. 176.
731:(2019) (selección y prólogo de Nicolás Guillén Hernández).
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Cuban poet, journalist and political activist (1902–1989)
1187:"NOTES ON A HISTORIC VISIT: Nicolás Guillén in Jamaica"
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Guillén, Nicolás; J.A. George Irish (March–June 1975).
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Nicolás Guillén: Poet Laureate of Revolutionary Cuba
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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Yoruba from Cuba: Selected Poems of Nicolas Guillen
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Man-Making Words: Selected Poems of Nicolás Guillén
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623:In 1983, he was the inaugural winner of Cuba's
308:". Characteristic for his poems is the use of
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630:His nephew was experimental Cuban filmmaker
548:dialectic. In 1953, he was prevented by the
1017:. African American Registry. Archived from
403:"La canción del bongó", like many poems in
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514:and attended by many writers including
396:Guillén's poem, "Motivos de son", from
385:in his poetry is expressed in his book
381:Guillén's unique approach of using the
304:and white cultural elements, a "poetic
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1232:Nicolás Guillén from Cervantes Virtual
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423:, and the first to translate American
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249:in Cuba similar to that suffered by
143:(10 July 1902 – 16 July 1989) was a
1765:National Revolutionary Police Force
1723:Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)
1666:National Assembly of People's Power
855:12. (1951): 1. 29–36. 5 March 2010.
439:– looks just like a Cuban mulatto.
411:Langston Hughes and Nicolás Guillén
1414:United States embargo against Cuba
1095:12 (1951): 1. 29–36. 5 March 2010.
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1786:Dirección General de Inteligencia
588:In 1954, Guillén was awarded the
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141:Nicolás Cristóbal Guillén Batista
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1041:Research in African Literatures
374:This quote establishes how the
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879:"Nicolas Guillen, Cuban Poet"
625:National Prize for Literature
537:Guillén returned to Cuba via
222:National Prize for Literature
210:National Cuban Writers' Union
133:National Prize for Literature
1434:Cuban intervention in Angola
1066:Nicholas Guillén, Cuban Poet
873:Enotes.com. Poetry Criticism
2413:University of Havana alumni
1119:The Life of Langston Hughes
1108:. 45.1 (1980): 47–53. JSTOR
1043:29. (1998) : 1.179–189
968:"Nicolás Guillén 1902–1989"
869:"Nicolás Guillén 1902–1989"
124:Black poetry (poesía negra)
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978:. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
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212:. His awards included the
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632:Nicolás Guillén Landrián
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32:Nicolás Guillén Landrián
1242:Bio from los-poetas.com
1106:South Atlantic Bulletin
575:. He was buried in the
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1700:Prime Minister of Cuba
1695:Vice President of Cuba
1262:Nicolás Guillén Papers
711:El diario que a diario
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253:in the United States.
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1133:The Spanish Civil War
1131:Thomas, Hugh (2012).
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339:La noche de los mayas
180:music in his poetry.
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2066:Association Football
2051:Scouting and Guiding
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1574:World Heritage Sites
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1424:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1368:Spanish–American War
1251:Smithsonian Folkways
951:, 18 July 1990: A19.
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160:University of Havana
105:University of Havana
2378:Marxist journalists
1419:Escambray rebellion
1266:University of Miami
1256:The Cuban Condition
1247:Guillén Discography
1192:Caribbean Quarterly
1155:Tapscott, Stephen.
1021:on 23 February 2013
573:Parkinson's disease
488:Cuba's dictatorial
484:Poetry and politics
421:Diario de la Marina
328:Silvestre Revueltas
310:onomatopoetic words
286:Guillen also wrote
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1733:Revolutionary Navy
1728:Revolutionary Army
1609:Corruption in Cuba
1335:Colonial governors
1199:(1–2). Cuba: 74–84
1117:Arnold Rampersad,
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348:Motivos de son
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257:Literary works
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234:Camagüey, Cuba
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164:Motivos de son
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129:Notable awards
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1077:Books on Cuba
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883:Books on Cuba
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857:
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839:Nancy Morejón
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803:Poetry portal
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611:, literature.
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603:In 1974, the
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516:André Malraux
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79:July 16, 1989
78:
74:
70:
66:July 10, 1902
58:
54:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2348:Cuban exiles
2124:Cape Verdean
2097:Demographics
1953:Universities
1923:Architecture
1838:Central bank
1831:Cooperatives
1774:Intelligence
1634:Human rights
1604:Constitution
1393:World War II
1361:
1201:. Retrieved
1196:
1190:
1180:
1156:
1151:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
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1084:
1076:
1061:
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1048:
1040:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:the original
1009:
975:
971:
948:
915:. Retrieved
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
753:
743:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
634:(1938–2003).
570:
564:
561:Fidel Castro
554:
543:
536:
528:Pablo Neruda
493:
487:
480:inequality.
476:
469:
465:
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451:
447:
443:
441:
436:
429:
420:
414:
404:
402:
397:
395:
390:
386:
382:
380:
375:
373:
369:
366:wrote that
363:
359:
357:
351:
347:
344:
337:
331:
322:
298:black poetry
293:poesía negra
291:
287:
283:
279:
277:
268:
263:
260:
246:La Libertad,
245:
241:
231:
205:
198:
181:
175:
163:
153:
140:
139:
81:(1989-07-16)
2323:1989 deaths
2318:1902 births
1821:Agriculture
1559:Earthquakes
1489:Timelines:
1383:World War I
789:Cuba portal
738:Discography
699:El gran zoo
683:(1948–1958)
639:Major works
2312:Categories
2210:Architects
2114:Afro-Cuban
2056:Sociolismo
2004:Newspapers
1994:Literature
1982:Censorship
1965:Healthcare
1850:(currency)
1678:Propaganda
1639:Censorship
1564:Hurricanes
1499:Guantánamo
1495:Cienfuegos
1459:Cuban thaw
1449:Maleconazo
1398:Revolution
1350:Little War
1025:6 November
972:Enotes.com
917:6 November
890:References
579:, Havana.
555:After the
539:Guadeloupe
269:negrista"
238:mixed-race
228:Early life
93:Occupation
62:1902-07-10
2041:Rationing
2026:Festivals
1970:Hospitals
1948:Education
1878:Transport
1750:(defunct)
1738:Air Force
1671:President
1624:Elections
1549:Provinces
1527:Geography
811:Négritude
508:Barcelona
473:Négritude
333:Sensemayá
306:mestizaje
101:Education
2277:Category
2237:abstract
2232:Painters
2220:Athletes
2179:Lebanese
2164:Japanese
2139:Filipino
2119:American
2071:Baseball
2046:Religion
1989:Language
1977:Internet
1716:Military
1588:Politics
1507:Matanzas
1491:Camagüey
1480:Timeline
1378:Republic
1330:Timeline
1307:articles
1069:Archived
980:Archived
761:See also
504:Valencia
495:Mediodía
448:soneros.
156:Camagüey
154:Born in
69:Camagüey
2287:Outline
2244:Writers
2215:Artists
2189:Spanish
2184:Mexican
2159:Italian
2154:Isleños
2149:Haitian
2134:Ciboney
2129:Chinese
1938:Cuisine
1911:Society
1899:Culture
1883:airline
1873:Tourism
1809:Economy
1554:Islands
1503:Holguín
1340:Slavery
1315:History
750:, 1960)
681:Elegías
546:Marxist
320:of the
316:or the
121:Subject
2174:Korean
2169:Jewish
2144:French
2109:Cubans
2076:Boxing
1960:Health
1933:Cigars
1928:Cinema
1569:Rivers
1539:Cities
1468:Cities
1305:
1203:21 May
1171:
1163:
1139:
1093:Phylon
853:Phylon
719:(1977)
713:(1972)
707:(1972)
701:(1967)
695:(1964)
689:(1964)
677:(1947)
671:(1937)
665:(1937)
659:(1934)
653:(1931)
647:(1930)
596:under
512:Madrid
417:Havana
318:rhythm
170:poet,
115:Poetry
88:, Cuba
86:Havana
71:, Cuba
2297:Index
2249:women
2194:White
2083:Women
2061:Sport
2036:Radio
2016:Music
1999:Media
1943:Dance
1848:Peso
1362:Maine
687:Tengo
594:Lenin
314:drums
302:black
145:Cuban
111:Genre
1705:list
1688:list
1649:LGBT
1303:Cuba
1260:The
1205:2024
1169:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1027:2012
919:2012
526:and
510:and
296:" ("
282:and
208:the
149:Cuba
76:Died
56:Born
1918:Art
1656:Law
1249:at
461:son
452:son
444:son
383:son
376:son
358:In
352:son
323:son
177:son
2314::
2009:TV
1509:,
1505:,
1501:,
1497:,
1493:,
1197:21
1195:.
1189:.
1167:,
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990:^
974:.
970:,
956:^
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927:^
898:^
881:.
871:.
861:.
851:.
600:).
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518:,
506:,
342:.
326:.
224:.
151:.
1295:e
1288:t
1281:v
1268:.
1207:.
1175:.
1145:.
1029:.
921:.
746:(
627:.
620:.
267:"
64:)
60:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
