242:. Sagundino returned to Venice before sailing for Crete; no reports survive on his activity for the year 1459, which he may have spent either in Venice or in Crete. In July 1460, Sagundino decided to bring his family to Crete, but the journey was cut short by a shipwreck that took the lives of his pregnant wife, two sons (including his favourite, Giovanni) and a daughter and destroyed his books and many other possessions. Sagundino himself and five daughters and his son Alvise barely survived by clinging to the side of the vessel that remained afloat. Left destitute and with five unmarried daughters to support and provide dowries for, the Venetian Senate came to his aid, voting him with overwhelming majority a gift of 600 ducats, his reappointment as secretary to the doge with a salary of 200 ducats, and the assurance that Alvise would be employed by the Venetian state.
81:
293:, in them. No reports about Sagundino's life survive between the end of his mission to the Papal court in August 1462 and his death at Venice in March 1464, the exact day being uncertain. It is variously reported as 22 or 23 March, with a surviving notice of his death bearing a date of either 22 or 24 March. His son Giovanni having died in the shipwreck of 1460, his heir was his son Alvise (Ludovico) and grandson Niccolò.
223:. In this capacity he returned to Naples in late 1455 to convey letters from the Venetian government to Alfonso, and stayed there until August 1456, making contact with the numerous humanist scholars resident in the city. In summer 1456, as the plague raged in Venice, he sent his wife and children back to Chalkis. In spring 1457 Sagundino was again sent on diplomatic missions on behalf of the Venetian government, first to
253:
during the previous years, in March 1461 the
Venetian government again resolved to send Sagundino, as an expert of Ottoman affairs, as envoy to Mehmed II to spy out his intentions and assure him of the Republic's friendship and goodwill. Sagundino was to sail first to the Venetian outpost of Modon
227:, and then to the Pope in Rome and the King of Naples, where he remained for several months, reporting on Alfonso's Italian policies and military preparations, before returning to Venice in early 1458. An envisaged extension of his mission to the
270:. When he met the Sultan, likely in June or July 1461, Sagundino protested the seizure of some border lands in the Morea, but the Ottoman ruler rebuffed this, saying that the territories in question were originally part of the
1129:
1169:
143:. He was wounded in the assault and taken prisoner with his family, remaining in captivity for 13 months. After his release, he returned to Chalkis, where from 1434 until 1437 he served Venice as
382:
of
Chalkis, whom he used to tutor in philosophy. In 1456, he was commissioned by Enea Silvio Piccolomini (the future Pope Pius II) to write a history of the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in his
174:
in
December 1452, which means he likely served in the same post throughout the period in question. At the same time, however, he is also attested since 1440 for a ten-year-tenure as chancellor (
974:
Caselli, Cristian (2019). "Interpreter, Diplomat, Humanist: Nicholas
Sagundinus as a Cultural Broker in the 15th-Century Mediterranean". In Daniëlle Slootjes; Mariette Verhoeven (eds.).
301:
Most of
Sagundino's writings are in Latin. Few have been published. He left behind 66 letters to his family and other Italian humanists, one of them describing the shipwreck to Cardinal
231:
did not come to pass. In June 1458 Sagundino undertook yet another mission to Rome, conveying Venice's reasons for its reluctance to participate in the planned anti-Ottoman crusade of
113:. They were citizens of Venice. His sister or aunt, known only as "R. Sagundino", married Niccolò Aurelio, a Venetian citizen employed in the government secretariat. Their three sons,
80:
73:. He undertook several Venetian missions to the Ottoman court and to Greek lands, on one of which he suffered a shipwreck that killed several of his immediate family. He died in
1154:
185:, the Venetian governor of Chalkis; and he was confirmed in office for another decade in 1450. Sagundino was certainly in Chalkis in 1453, where he received the news of the
151:. Possibly already in 1437 he left Greece for Italy, staying either in Venice or Rome; in 1438, because of his fluency in both Greek and Latin, Sagundino was sent to the
170:) on missions in Italy and Greece. His activity from 1441 to the end of Eugene's pontificate is not documented, but he is still attested as an apostolic secretary under
285:, ostensibly to report on the libertine morals prevailing in some Venetian monasteries, but chiefly to sound out the Pope's plans for a new crusade and the role of the
262:) and thence over land to Constantinople. Few details are known about his mission. Based on a letter by Sagundino from 1462, where he reports having crossed most of
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as an official translator. He remained through 1439, impressing the assembled clergy by his grasp of theology. He favoured the cause of
1055:
1124:
1109:
1149:
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1016:
204:, but then immediately sent to Rome on the express wish of Pope Nicholas V to inform him on Ottoman intentions, and from there to
212:, for the same purpose. In January 1454 Sagundino, while still in Naples, wrote a report on his observations of the Ottomans (
1065:
200:. His stay in Constantinople was apparently brief, and he returned to Venice in autumn, bearing letters from Marcello to the
1043:
Mehmed II the
Conqueror and the Fall of the Franco-Byzantine Levant to the Ottoman Turks: Some Western Views and Testimonies
1159:
246:
1104:
114:
1184:
945:
326:
452:"On the Family of the Ottomans". This is the manuscript's title. There are printed versions with variant titles.
314:
310:
266:, the Venetian envoy likely journeyed east to meet the Sultan, who was at the time campaigning to conquer the
336:
84:
Onesander "translated by Niccolò Sagundino from Greek into Latin", from a
Neapolitan manuscript of 1494–1495
358:. He also wrote treatises on philosophy, theology and rhetoric. He dedicated a work on the doctrine of the
306:
271:
186:
193:
102:
318:
1099:
1094:
214:
Oratio
Nicolai Sagundini édita in Urbe Neapoli ad Serenissimum principem et novissimum regem Alfonsum
118:
109:, where they are attested since the 13th century. It had two branches, one at Chalkis and another at
39:
425:. His given name may be anglicized Nicholas. His surname is sometimes spelled Segundino in Italian.
379:
375:
322:
267:
205:
179:
122:
1038:
232:
152:
35:
929:
Johannes Darius (1414 - 1491), Sachwalter
Venedigs im Morgenland, und sein griechischer Umkreis
1070:
1060:
1050:
1012:
960:
932:
290:
255:
105:. His father's name was Manuel. His mother's name is unknown. His family was originally from
1026:
1004:
992:
66:
286:
228:
201:
171:
31:
136:. He was at Thessaloniki, possibly already in the employ of the Venetian state, when the
42:. He wrote numerous letters, as well as religious and philosophical treatises, mostly in
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414:
402:
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220:
209:
163:
137:
106:
62:
54:
984:
1088:
239:
367:
278:
156:
110:
117:, Paolo and Pietro, also entered service in the Venetian government; Marco's son,
238:
While still at Rome, in
September 1458 Sagundino was appointed chancellor to the
347:
17:
331:
985:"Greek philosophical miscellany (Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.16)"
936:
351:
302:
197:
146:
166:
employed Sagundino as an apostolic secretary and from 1441 on as an envoy (
956:
931:(in German). Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
355:
263:
996:
359:
282:
98:
434:"On God, the Unity of His Essence and of the Persons of the Trinity".
343:
94:
74:
70:
53:, he was in Venetian service when he was wounded and captured by the
50:
976:
Byzantium in Dialogue with the Mediterranean: History and Heritage
224:
79:
43:
305:, a fellow Greek Catholic. Among his notable correspondents were
259:
342:
Sagundino made Latin translations of the ancient Greek writers
192:
From Chalkis he was sent to accompany the Venetian ambassador,
1069:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1865.
219:
At some point thereafter, Sagundino became a secretary to the
196:, who was sent to Constantinople for negotiations with Sultan
364:
De deo, de unitate essentiae eius et de trinitate personarum
1130:
Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice to the Ottoman Empire
792:
790:
657:
655:
606:
604:
591:
589:
1045:. Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
879:
877:
1170:
Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice to the Holy See
1011:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
513:
511:
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507:
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478:
476:
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562:
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558:
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162:
At the conclusion of the council, the Venetian-born
335:on the death of Valerio Marcello, the young son of
1054:
1009:Venetian Humanism in an Age of Patrician Dominance
277:In March 1462, Sagundino was sent to the court of
443:"On the Origins and Sects of the Philosophers".
8:
258:) and then, on board a war galley to Ainos (
1155:Prisoners of war held by the Ottoman Empire
144:
61:in 1430. He favoured the union between the
856:
844:
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781:
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745:
733:
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709:
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634:
622:
610:
580:
529:
496:
1031:The Death of the Child Valerio Marcello
484:
472:
395:
568:
453:
1175:Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice
121:, eventually rose to the supreme non-
7:
1180:Ambassadors to the Kingdom of Naples
951:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
907:
895:
883:
868:
595:
541:
517:
957:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1066:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
372:De origine et sectis philosophorum
25:
1190:Venetian people of Greek descent
991:. Cambridge University Library.
93:Sagundino was born in 1402 to a
953:, Volume 89: Rovereto–Salvemini
1165:Translators from Ancient Greek
1135:Venetian Renaissance humanists
1033:. University of Chicago Press.
101:, the capital of the Venetian
1:
1120:15th-century Venetian writers
1115:15th-century writers in Latin
370:, and another on philosophy,
247:Ottoman conquest of the Morea
315:Antonio Beccadelli Panormita
249:and the rapidly progressing
69:churches and worked for the
1140:Scholars of Ottoman history
274:, and thus rightfully his.
1206:
1145:15th-century Greek writers
983:Di Franco, Matteo (2023).
978:. Brill. pp. 226–244.
944:Caselli, Cristian (2017).
30:(1402 – March 1464) was a
1125:Diplomats of the Holy See
1110:15th-century Greek people
989:Cambridge Digital Library
406:
141:captured the city in 1430
1150:Greek emigrants to Italy
544:, pp. 290, 315–316.
38:secretary, diplomat and
1056:"Sekoundinos, Nicholas"
337:Jacopo Antonio Marcello
418:
272:Despotate of the Morea
187:Fall of Constantinople
145:
85:
384:De familia otumanorum
132:Sagundino received a
103:kingdom of Negroponte
83:
1160:Translators to Latin
955:(in Italian). Rome:
946:"Sagundino, Niccolò"
411:Nikolaos Sekoundinos
407:Νικόλαος Σεκουνδινός
307:Ulisse degli Aleotti
59:fall of Thessaloniki
1105:People from Chalcis
1039:Philippides, Marios
910:, pp. 81, 428.
871:, pp. 428–429.
598:, pp. 427–429.
458:Othomanorum familia
419:Nicolaus Secundinus
323:George of Trebizond
268:Empire of Trebizond
206:Alfonso V of Aragon
194:Bartolomeo Marcello
134:classical education
1185:Shipwrecked people
1061:Kazhdan, Alexander
1051:Talbot, Alice-Mary
997:10.17863/CAM.99438
251:conquest of Serbia
233:Pope Callixtus III
189:to the Ottomans.
153:Council of Ferrara
86:
1027:King, Margaret L.
1005:King, Margaret L.
859:, pp. 43–44.
847:, pp. 41–43.
835:, pp. 39–41.
823:, pp. 37–38.
811:, pp. 36–37.
760:, pp. 29–32.
736:, pp. 20–22.
724:, pp. 20–21.
712:, pp. 19–20.
700:, pp. 17–20.
688:, pp. 18–19.
649:, pp. 15–16.
637:, pp. 14–15.
625:, pp. 12–13.
583:, pp. 11–12.
532:, pp. 26–27.
327:Zaccaria Trevisan
291:Matthias Corvinus
28:Niccolò Sagundino
16:(Redirected from
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1080:
1058:
1046:
1034:
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966:978-8-81200032-6
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319:Andrea Contrario
150:
147:advocatus curiae
127:grand chancellor
125:office, that of
49:Originally from
21:
18:Nicola Sagundino
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378:, the Venetian
311:Ermolao Barbaro
299:
287:King of Hungary
229:King of Navarre
202:Venetian Senate
172:Pope Nicholas V
119:Niccolò Aurelio
91:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1203:
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1017:
1001:
980:
971:
965:
941:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:
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888:
886:, p. 429.
873:
861:
849:
837:
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813:
801:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
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702:
690:
678:
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627:
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546:
534:
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520:, p. 428.
501:
489:
471:
469:
466:
463:
462:
445:
436:
427:
394:
393:
391:
388:
298:
295:
245:Following the
221:Doge of Venice
210:King of Naples
164:Pope Eugene IV
107:Constantinople
90:
87:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1076:0-19-504652-8
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1018:0-691-05465-7
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947:
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926:
922:
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898:, p. 24.
897:
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878:
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870:
865:
862:
858:
857:Babinger 1961
853:
850:
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845:Babinger 1961
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833:Babinger 1961
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826:
822:
821:Babinger 1961
817:
814:
810:
809:Babinger 1961
805:
802:
799:, p. 34.
798:
797:Babinger 1961
793:
791:
787:
784:, p. 33.
783:
782:Babinger 1961
778:
775:
772:, p. 32.
771:
770:Babinger 1961
766:
763:
759:
758:Babinger 1961
754:
751:
748:, p. 28.
747:
746:Babinger 1961
742:
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735:
734:Babinger 1961
730:
727:
723:
722:Babinger 1961
718:
715:
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710:Babinger 1961
706:
703:
699:
698:Babinger 1961
694:
691:
687:
686:Babinger 1961
682:
679:
676:, p. 17.
675:
674:Babinger 1961
670:
667:
664:, p. 16.
663:
662:Babinger 1961
658:
656:
652:
648:
647:Babinger 1961
643:
640:
636:
635:Babinger 1961
631:
628:
624:
623:Babinger 1961
619:
616:
613:, p. 12.
612:
611:Babinger 1961
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586:
582:
581:Babinger 1961
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538:
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531:
530:Babinger 1961
526:
523:
519:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
502:
499:, p. 11.
498:
497:Babinger 1961
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467:
459:
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376:Fantino Coppo
373:
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349:
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333:
329:. He wrote a
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236:
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183:of Negroponte
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917:Bibliography
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492:
485:Caselli 2017
457:
448:
439:
430:
422:
410:
398:
383:
371:
368:Febo Capella
363:
341:
330:
300:
281:in Rome and
279:Pope Pius II
276:
244:
237:
218:
213:
191:
180:
175:
167:
161:
157:church union
131:
111:Thessaloniki
92:
48:
27:
26:
1100:1464 deaths
1095:1402 births
569:Talbot 1991
454:Talbot 1991
348:Demosthenes
176:cancelliere
1089:Categories
468:References
423:Sagundinus
332:consolatio
97:family in
908:King 1986
896:King 1994
884:King 1986
869:King 1986
596:King 1986
542:King 1986
518:King 1986
352:Onesander
309:, Bishop
303:Bessarion
198:Mehmet II
178:) to the
123:patrician
1053:(1991).
1041:(2007).
1029:(1994).
1007:(1986).
937:54905371
927:(1961).
380:governor
356:Plutarch
264:Anatolia
138:Ottomans
67:Orthodox
63:Catholic
55:Ottomans
40:humanist
36:Venetian
1063:(ed.).
360:Trinity
283:Viterbo
256:Methoni
99:Chalkis
57:at the
1073:
1015:
963:
935:
456:gives
344:Arrian
208:, the
168:nuncio
75:Venice
71:Papacy
51:Euboea
34:-born
1059:. In
415:Latin
403:Greek
390:Notes
374:, to
366:, to
297:Works
225:Siena
181:bailo
115:Marco
95:Greek
44:Latin
32:Greek
1071:ISBN
1013:ISBN
961:ISBN
933:OCLC
354:and
325:and
260:Enez
216:).
89:Life
65:and
993:doi
421:or
235:.
1091::
987:.
959:.
948:.
876:^
789:^
654:^
603:^
588:^
549:^
504:^
475:^
417::
413:.
409:,
405::
386:.
362:,
350:,
346:,
339:.
321:,
317:,
313:,
289:,
159:.
129:.
77:.
46:.
1079:.
1021:.
999:.
995::
969:.
939:.
571:.
487:.
460:.
254:(
20:)
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