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181:, as it dissipated efforts to grow the colony. La Tour had claimed royal permission to ply the fur trade in the American Northeast. His rival outposts were in often-open hostility with the budding d’Aulnay colony, competing for resources and markets. Decades of sparring led to bloodshed. In the Spring of 1643 La Tour led a party of English mercenaries against the Acadian colony at
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and titular Baron of Dykes. Their children inherited from their mother's family the shipping and private armed vessels which were their part in the
Forsyth and Denys enterprises on the seas, the same extending even to the French and British Americas and Indies. The Forsyths were in alliance with the
268:
Denys died in 1688 at
Nepisiquit, a town of his own creation. During his tenure in the New World, he appears to have offered more stability of governance than those other royal appointees around him. Denys is well known through his writings about the lands and peoples of Acadia, especially his
154:
When Denys arrived in 1632 the aboriginal community was already using iron kettles, axes, knives, and arrowheads, but few had firearms. Before the use of kettles the Mi’kmaq used hollowed out tree trunks in which to boil their unsalted food, dropping in hot stones to heat the water. Possessing
142:, thought little of the colonists’ reclaiming tidal marshlands. Denys was very impressed with the “great extent of meadows which the sea used to cover and which the Sieur d'Aulnay has drained”. It was this extensive system of dikes and drainage sluices (called
23:
The
Nicolas Denys Museum in St. Peters, Nova Scotia commemorates the life of the seventeenth century French merchant, governor, settler, and author. Designed to resemble Denys' sixteenth century dwelling and trading post, the structure was erected in
324:. Fraudulent lineages written by Forsaith (posing as Forsyth) and others have been widely distributed and used as reference in several books. One example includes the following fraudulent misinformation deleted from this article on July 10, 2017:
243:
The Denys family, including his wife and son
Richard Denys, made their home in St. Pierre, and dwelt there in relative calm until the Winter of 1669, when Nicolas’ home and business were consumed in a fire. Denys relocated his family to
163:, had been exterminated by hunting with muskets. There were no longer any moose on Prince Edward Island and the caribou were in reduced number. Alcohol, however, not over-hunting, was a major cause of Mi’kmaq decline.
150:
nation had no use for. This greatly aided peaceful co-existence with their neighbors, and Mi’kmaq trade, friendship and intermarriage was and is an immensely important part of the
Acadian identity and heritage.
369:
Another author, once a widely respected professional genealogist, Charles Henry
Browning, also perpetuated Forsaith's false Denys relationship, as well as other false lineages. Browning was a member of the
671:, pp. 8 "In fact, the registers of Maine confirm his birth in Portland, but also reveal that his real name was Frederick Gilman Forsaith and that he was born on July 18, 1855"
1470:
197:' worth of furs. D'Aulnay retaliated in 1645 by seizing all of La Tour's possessions and outposts while La Tour was drumming up more support for his cause in the English colonial port of
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332:, who was a captain in naval and land expeditions. Marguerite and James had their own daughter, Margaret, who in turn married another cousin, Walter Forsyth, a regent of the
1043:
1029:
345:
Marguerite, the daughter of
Nicolas Denys and Marguerite Lafitte, died in 1654, unwed, at the innocent age of eight. As Forsyth, he also crafted a false descendancy from
111:
missionaries, and Simon Denys (Denis) de La Trinité (1599-1678), brother of
Nicolas Denys. Simon Denys was a future seigneurial attorney and receiver general for the
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and
Nicolas Denys accompanied the expedition as one of de Razilly's lieutenants. The expedition set sail in 1632 with 300 hand-picked men, supplies, six
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kettles, they were free to move anywhere and became more mobile, changing their habitations often. Denys remarked on excessive hunting in his diaries.
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Released in 1672, it was not a success. He remained in Paris for several years, returning impoverished to
Nepisiguit a few years before his death.
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Once he secured rights to his own lands in Acadia through the Company of New France, Denys continued to seek his fortunes now as the Governor of
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When de Razilly died in December 1635 the colony broke up and Nicolas Denys returned temporarily to France. In 1636, Denys was granted a
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256:, and there he turned his efforts to writing. Leaving his son Richard in charge of his holdings, he travelled to Paris to publish his
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236:, a rival with holdings at Port Royal, seized his properties by armed force in 1654 while Denys was at Ste. Anne. Later that year,
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Denys was a witness to one of the most unfortunate chapters of early Acadia's history: the rivalry between the Lords d’Aulnay and
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174:, and in 1642 he married Marguerite de Lafitte in France, but soon took his new family across to his adopted lands of Acadia.
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Lieutenant-governors who served in the absence of governors are listed in parentheses. Acting administrators are listed in
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374:(1880-1937), which was founded by Forsaith, under his alias, Forsyth. Some of Browning's false lineages are included in
139:
1024:
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883:
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36:
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Description Géographique et Historique des Costes de l’Amérique Septentrionale: avec l’Histoire Naturelle du Païs.
240:
recognized Denys’ claims to the property lost to le Borgne, and Le Borgne was commanded to restore them to Denys.
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where Denys engaged in inshore fishing, lumbering and fur trading. French administrators, including nearby
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58:, remains the leading authority regarding the conditions of Acadia for the years 1632 through 1670.
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273:, published in two volumes in 1672. This work was edited and translated into English by Professor
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146:) that set his colony apart from any others. It allowed the colonists to reclaim land that the
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Royal Guard and equerry to the king. His mother was Marie Cosnier. He was baptized in 1603.
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is more authoritative about the number and names of children resultant from the marriage.
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There are numerous published genealogies on the Denys history that are unreliable. Noted
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troops killed three Acadians, burned a mill, slaughtered cattle and seized 18,000
31:(1598? – 1688) was a French-born merchant, governor, author, and settler in
597:
See a translation of the letters patent given by King Louis IV to Sieur Denys in
301:
349:. Other Forsyth publications by Forsaith containing false genealogies include:
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925:
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32:
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19:
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The Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America (Acadia)
832:"The Aryan Order of America and the College of Arms of Canada 1880 - 1937"
812:
190:
167:
120:
306:
The Aryan Order of America and the College of Arms of Canada 1880 - 1937
99:
authorized a stronger French presence in the New World, he commissioned
186:
289:
171:
104:
80:
51:
201:. Denys’ letters and journals give vivid descriptions of the drama.
156:
72:
56:
The Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America
899:"Historical Biographies, Nova Scotia: Nicholas Denys (1598-1688)"
743:
Rise of the United Empire Loyalists: A Sketch of American History
364:
Rise of the United Empire Loyalists: A Sketch of American History
170:
by the French crown, apparently the third grant in the colony of
973:
807:. Translated by Ganong, William F. Toronto: Champlain Society.
286:
Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America
288:, remains the leading authority regarding the conditions of
656:
Cousin Codex — Ancients to Americas in the Age of Discovery
746:. Kingston, Ont., Canada: British Whig Publishing Company.
411:
409:
54:
were published in two volumes in 1672. The work, entitled
841:. Montreal, Quebec: Province of Quebec National Archives
740:
Forsyth "Viscount de Fronsac", Frederic Gregory (1906).
281:
General Series. Ganong was a distant cousin of Denys.
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394:
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83:, about 1598, the son of Jacques Denys, a captain in
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Dutch Governors of New Holland (Acadia) (1674-1676)
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308:, discredited genealogies linking Nicolas Denys to
1471:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
328:"Denys' daughter, Marguerite, married her cousin,
221:, site of the Nicholas Denys Museum), Ste. Anne (
217:). Denys founded settlements at St. Pierre (now
679:
677:
326:
50:Denys' writings about the lands and peoples of
1065:Scottish Governors of Nova Scotia (1621-1632)
985:
882:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
726:A genealogical record : Forsyth of Nydie
706:Forsyth de Fronsac, Frédéric Gregory (1903).
478:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
359:A genealogical record : Forsyth of Nydie
8:
1331:British Governors of Cape Breton (1745-1748)
1233:English Governors of Nova Scotia (1690-1691)
1119:English Governors of Nova Scotia (1654-1670)
712:. Boston, Mass, USA: S.J. Parkhill & Co.
709:Memorial of the family of Forsyth de Fronsac
415:
354:Memorial of the family of Forsyth de Fronsac
232:His 'fortunes' had some reversals, however.
35:. He founded settlements at St. Pierre (now
1209:Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson
1352:French Governors of ĂŽle Royale (1748-1758)
1290:French Governors of ĂŽle Royale (1714-1745)
1214:Michel Leneuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin
992:
978:
970:
534:. Berkeley: Turtle Island. pp. 94–96.
284:Nicolas Denys and his work, translated as
1271:Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan
560:for the marriage and return voyage, but
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455:
444:
18:
1224:Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval
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1254:French Governors of Acadia (1691-1710)
1202:French Governors of Acadia (1677-1690)
1145:French Governors of Acadia (1654-1677)
1088:French Governors of Acadia (1631-1654)
1013:French Governors of Acadia (1603-1623)
768:
668:
787:. Phil, PA, USA: Porter & Coates.
781:Browning, Charles Henry, ed. (1883).
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598:
585:
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544:
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277:and published in 1908 as part of the
7:
470:"Denys (Denis) de la Trinité, Simon"
314:Frédéric Gregory Forsyth de Fronsac'
1110:Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour
1095:Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour
876:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
867:. Saint John, NB: Stonington Books.
685:"The History of the Forsyth Family"
472:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
179:Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour
341:, and opposed to English control."
115:, who was appointed to the ruling
14:
1276:Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure
1167:Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine
1162:Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle
652:"Cousins in the Age of Genealogy"
532:Seventeenth century North America
292:for the years 1632 through 1670.
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1000:
956:
942:
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879:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
475:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
435:isn’t as confident of this date.
337:Normans of France, favoring the
729:. Virginia, USA: Henkel and Co.
507:, pp. 16–17 and throughout
159:, formerly in great numbers on
117:Sovereign Council of New France
865:New Brunswick: A Short History
1:
516:later compiled into his work
213:and Isle Royale (present-day
130:They founded a colony at the
1429:Category:Governors of Acadia
854:Faragher, John Mack (2005).
103:to be lieutenant-general of
1281:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
1266:Claude-SĂ©bastien de Villieu
1261:Joseph Robineau de Villebon
1072:Alexander, Earl of Stirling
884:University of Toronto Press
723:Forsyth de Fronsac (1888).
530:Sauer, Carl Ortwin (1980).
480:University of Toronto Press
113:Compagnie des Cent-Associés
1497:
1405:Nova Scotia (1710-present)
872:MacBeath, George (1979) .
784:Americans of Royal Descent
376:Americans of Royal Descent
71:Nicolas Denys was born in
1413:
1105:Charles de Menou d'Aulnay
759:"Browning, Charles Henry"
347:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
310:Frederick Gilman Forsaith
140:Charles de Menou d'Aulnay
1395:Newfoundland (1610–1949)
856:A Great and Noble Scheme
518:Geographical Description
339:Stuart cause in Scotland
234:Sieur Emmanuel le Borgne
223:Englishtown, Nova Scotia
219:St. Peter's, Nova Scotia
41:Englishtown, Nova Scotia
37:St. Peter's, Nova Scotia
801:Denys, Nicolas (1908).
612:"Nicholas Denys Museum"
431:among others, although
227:Bathurst, New Brunswick
45:Bathurst, New Brunswick
1400:ĂŽle-Royale (1714-1758)
1385:New France (1627–1760)
1193:Cornelius Van Steenwyk
858:. New York: WW Norton.
616:multiculturaltrails.ca
372:Aryan Order of America
343:
275:William Francis Ganong
25:
1219:François-Marie Perrot
1077:Alexander the Younger
830:Drolet, Yves (2015).
813:10.3138/9781442617872
334:University of Glasgow
296:Falsified genealogies
91:Early years in Acadia
67:Early years in France
22:
1466:People of New France
950:North America portal
839:numerique.banq.qc.ca
468:Lunn, Jean (1979) .
252:, just south of the
1476:Governors of Acadia
1240:Charles La Tourasse
1006:Governors of Acadia
863:Frink, Tim (1997).
322:Viscount de Fronsac
279:Champlain Society's
16:Canadian politician
1390:Acadia (1603-1710)
1172:Jacques de Chambly
1157:Emmanuel Le Borgne
495:, pp. 123–124
318:Forsyth de Fronsac
225:) and Nepisiquit (
215:Cape Breton Island
161:Cape Breton Island
97:Cardinal Richelieu
43:) and Nepisiquit (
26:
1438:
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911:"The Denys Story"
822:978-1-4426-1787-2
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1456:1688 deaths
1451:1598 births
1322:Châteauguay
1245:Edward Tyng
903:blupete.com
769:Drolet 2015
669:Drolet 2015
558:blupete.com
429:blupete.com
401:blupete.com
302:genealogist
271:Description
127:, in 1668.
1445:Categories
1359:La Ralière
1297:Costebelle
1025:Pont-Gravé
795:References
640:Denys 1908
626:2008-01-03
599:Denys 1908
586:Denys 1908
574:Denys 1908
545:Frink 1997
493:Denys 1908
246:Nepisiquit
185:. His 270
183:Port Royal
109:Franciscan
33:New France
1302:Brouillan
1056:Biencourt
1049:Biencourt
1036:Lescarbot
144:aboiteaux
125:Louis XIV
205:Governor
191:Huguenot
168:seignory
121:ennobled
1417:italics
1369:Drucour
1364:Raymond
1338:Knowles
1312:Quesnel
1020:de Mons
187:Puritan
148:Mi'kmaq
1343:Hopson
1317:Vergor
1307:Forant
845:11 May
819:
320:alias
316:alias
312:alias
290:Acadia
264:Legacy
199:Boston
195:livres
172:Acadie
105:Acadia
81:France
52:Acadia
835:(PDF)
382:Notes
248:, on
211:Canso
157:Moose
95:When
73:Tours
24:1967.
847:2021
817:ISBN
556:See
427:See
189:and
62:Life
809:doi
229:).
123:by
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