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257:. In this period, many CAMK employees chose permanent emigration. With their presence abroad, they were providing journals for the library, spare parts for the ageing computer system, and money for postdocs and short-term visitors. In fact, during the marital-law, the right to travel abroad was restricted, making research and collaborations difficult. Some CAMK scientists were even jailed for their pro-
231:. At that time the Polish currency could not be converted into other currencies, and so could not be counted in the US federal budget. It was therefore convenient for both the United States and for Poland to build CAMK with those funds. Part of the Polish "wheat debt" to the US could be cancelled, at no cost in dollars to the US government.
246:, was also built at that time to connect the institute with the rest of the city. This new building was inaugurated on May 24, 1978. Next year, CAMK was licensed to award PhD degrees. Since then, CAMK maintains its own hotel for visitors and manages funds to support PhD students and provide research fellowships for more senior scientists.
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began planning for a new center for astronomers from all over Poland. However, a few years later the
Academy's administration decided to withdraw from the project, and it was never funded. In the early 1970s a group of Polish astronomers proposed a new initiative. During an assembly of the Polish
209:. The envoy spoke with many representatives of the Polish astronomical community, and a more precise concept of CAMK emerged. It was well received by the US National Academy of Sciences; and the US could provide substantial financial support for the CAMK's construction.
272:, CAMK was one of the first places in Poland to connect to the world-wide-web: the early parabola used for the internet connection in the early '90s is still visible in the CAMK's front garden from ulica Bartycka.
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presented a project for a theoretical-astrophysics institute, in order to overcome problems related to the high cost of building a telescope.
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268:: Polish astronomy and CAMK started to grow and gain more international relevance. With the advent of
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Bans and restrictions were ultimately lifted in 1989, with the end of the so-called
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had accumulated as a result of US agricultural sales to Poland following
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173:. It is a leading institution in the country in the field of
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The CAMK center has also a
Department of Astrophysics in
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There were, in US-owned funds, nearly $ 351 million
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253:was declared in Poland in order to suppress the
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456:Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences
151:Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika
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292:, circumstellar matter, compact objects (
316:. In 2020 CAMK employed 69 researchers.
471:Research institutes established in 1976
425:Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
401:Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
377:Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
353:Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
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280:The main subjects of research include:
143:Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
304:processes, structure and evolution of
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451:Astronomy institutes and departments
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461:Organizations established in 1976
323:, a Polish city famous for being
220:of "wheat money". This amount of
190:Academy of Sciences, professors
33:Headquarters building in Warsaw
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466:1976 establishments in Poland
234:The CAMK center was built in
205:sent an envoy to Poland from
16:Polish astronomical institute
203:National Academy of Sciences
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187:Polish Academy of Sciences
163:Polish Academy of Sciences
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266:Polish People's Republic
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52:; 48 years ago
397:"About the institute"
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327:'s hometown and its
325:Nicolaus Copernicus
255:Solidarity movement
201:In May 1971 the US
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22:Astronomical Center
20:Nicolaus Copernicus
314:extrasolar planets
270:internet in Poland
207:Yerkes Observatory
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69:Research institute
329:medieval old town
282:stellar evolution
185:In the 1950s the
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428:. Retrieved
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229:World War II
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75:Headquarters
39:Abbreviation
298:black holes
276:Description
103:Piotr Życki
57:11 Feb 1976
50:11 Feb 1976
445:Categories
430:2021-01-03
406:2021-01-02
382:2021-01-02
358:2021-01-02
335:References
259:Solidarity
196:Józef Smak
42:NCAC, CAMK
349:"History"
310:cosmology
302:accretion
249:In 1981,
240:Siekierki
236:Siekierki
175:astronomy
47:Formation
421:"People"
244:Bartycka
242:, ulica
153:), also
133:CAMK in
99:Director
224:zlotych
222:Polish
214:Polish
181:History
108:Website
55: (
171:Poland
167:Warsaw
147:Polish
92:Poland
79:Warsaw
321:Toruń
216:zloty
135:Toruń
115:.camk
312:and
194:and
159:NCAC
155:CAMK
141:The
117:.edu
65:Type
300:),
157:or
121:/en
119:.pl
113:www
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