1095:
5795:
247:
5759:
1258:, published in Italian in 1550. Nevertheless, "Nigris" was already the name of a river in West Africa, as mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Solinus, among others. Whether this river was the same as the actual Niger, or rather the river also known as Ger (currently known as Oued Guir, in Morocco), is a matter of discussion. This Nigris was said to divide "Africa proper" from the land of the (Western) Ethiopians to the south, and its name (as well as that of the river Ger) might well come from the
1690:
1381:
1621:
1361:
2432:
5991:, the resulting footage giving Rouch his first two ethnographic documentaries: "Au pays des mages noirs", and "La chasse à l’hippopotame". A camera was used to illustrate Rouch's subsequent book "Le Niger En Pirogue" (Fernand Nathan, 1954), as well as Sauvy's "Descente du Niger" (L'Harmattan, 2001). A typewriter was brought as well, on which Ponty produced newspaper articles he mailed out whenever possible.
1644:
7714:
1416:
1782:
1575:
1713:
1759:
1598:
1736:
1667:
1460:
5743:
7631:
7595:
6417:
5962:
were the same river. Although the Niger Delta would seem like an obvious candidate, it was a maze of streams and swamps that did not look like the head of a great river. He died in 1806 on a second expedition attempting to prove the Niger-Congo connection. The theory became the leading one in Europe.
6054:
estimates the irrigation potential of all countries in the Niger river basin at 2.8 million hectares. Only 0.93m hectares (ha) were under irrigation in the late 1980s. The irrigation potential was estimated at 1.68m ha in
Nigeria 0.56m ha in Mali, and the actual irrigated area was 0.67m ha and 0.19m
5798:
1561 map of West Africa by
Girolamo Ruscelli, from Italian translation of Ptolemy's Atlas "La geografia di Claudio Tolomeo alessandrino, Nuovamente tradotta di Greco in Italiano". The writer was attempting to square information gleaned from Portuguese trade along the coast with
5921:
connected these two rivers as one long watercourse which flowed (via lakes and underground sections) into the Nile, a notion which persisted in the Arab and
European worlds – and further added the Senegal River as the "Ger" – until the 19th century.
1450:
in
Nigeria. The total volume of tributaries in Nigeria is six times higher than the inflow into Nigeria, with a flow near the mouth of the river standing at 177.0 km/year before the 1980s and 147.3 km/year during the 1980s.
7404:
1491:, once emptied into a now dry lake to the east northeast of Timbuktu, while the lower Niger started to the south of Timbuktu and flowed south into the Gulf of Guinea. Over time upstream erosion by the lower Niger resulted in
5982:
in Guinea, walking at first till a raft could be used, then changing to various local crafts as the river broadened and changed. Two of them reached the ocean on March 25, 1947, with Ponty having left the expedition at
1351:
Sahel region, Niger River has a hot climate characterized by very high temperatures year-round; a long, intense dry season from
October–May; and a brief, irregular rainy season linked to the West African monsoon.
1502:, is an important area because it is the major river and source of water in that part of the Sahara. This made it the focal point of trade across the western Sahara and the centre of the Sahelian kingdoms of
5909:. This would likely have been as far as Ptolemy would have had consistent records. The Ni-Ger was likely speculation, although the name stuck as that of a river south of the Mediterranean's "known world".
6769:
1487:. This strange geography apparently came about because the Niger River is two ancient rivers joined together. The upper Niger, from the source west of Timbuktu to the bend in the current river near
6350:
5933:" (by which all lands south of the desert were called by Classical writers), but because the Nile like the Niger flooded every summer. Through the descriptions of Leo Africanus and even
7396:
1510:. The surrounding Niger River Basin is one of the distinct physiographic sections of the Sudan province, which in turn is part of the larger African massive physiographic division.
6690:
736:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)21,800 m/s (770,000 cu ft/s) 27,600 m/s (970,000 cu ft/s) (04/10/2022: 33,136 m/s (1,170,200 cu ft/s)
1443:
but also loses more water to evaporation. The quantity of water entering
Nigeria was estimated at 25 km/year before the 1980s and at 13.5 km/year during the 1980s.
7243:. Law carefully ties together the classical sources on this, and explains the mix of third hand reports and mythology that was current in both the European and Arab worlds.
7529:
5831:. As plant species sharply declined, humans migrated to the fertile Niger River bend region, with abundant resources including plants for grazing and fish. Like in the
1392:
The Niger River is a relatively clear river, carrying only a tenth as much sediment as the Nile because the Niger's headwaters lie in ancient rocks that provide little
6632:
7596:"The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle"
6840:
1439:, does not compensate for the losses. The average loss is estimated at 31 km/year but varies considerably between years. The river is then joined by various
6267:
5886:
in approximately the 14th century CE. Much of the northern Niger basin remains Muslim today, although the southern reaches of the river tend to be
Christian.
6765:
5855:
may have triggered, or at least accelerated, these domestications. Agriculture, as well as fishing and animal husbandry, led to the rise of settlements like
5925:
While the true course of the Niger was presumably known to locals, it was a mystery to the outside world until the late 18th century. The connection to the
7583:
6609:
1335:
take their names from the river, marking contesting national claims by colonial powers of the "upper", "lower" and "middle" Niger river basin during the
5978:, set out to travel the entire length of the river, as no one else seemed to have done previously. They travelled from the beginning of the river near
6346:
7558:
1396:. Like the Nile, the Niger floods yearly; this begins in September, peaks in November, and finishes by May. An unusual feature of the river is the
8051:
5893:, who mentions two rivers in the desert: the "Gir" (Γειρ) and farther south, the "Nigir" (Νιγειρ). The first has been since identified as the
5882:. Major trading ports along the river, including Timbuktu and Gao, became centers of learning and culture. Trade to the Niger bend region also
7660:
7513:
7487:
7469:
7327:
7082:
Mcintosh, Susan Keech; Mcintosh, Roderick J. (Oct 1979). "Initial
Perspectives on Prehistoric Subsistence in the Inland Niger Delta (Mail)".
6814:
6812:
6749:
6665:
6466:
6309:
1254:
6871:
716:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)6,696 m/s (236,500 cu ft/s) (Period: 1971–2000)5,754.7 m/s (203,230 cu ft/s)
8096:
6682:
6032:
6028:
6549:
6421:
5952:
was the first
European to lay eyes on the middle portion of the river since antiquity (and perhaps ever). He wrote an account in 1799,
7375:
6579:
6141:
6042:
The water resources of the Niger River are under pressure because of increased water abstraction for irrigation. The construction of
7958:
7438:
6525:
6135:
6036:
997:
774:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)964 m/s (34,000 cu ft/s) (Period: 1971–2000)737.7 m/s (26,050 cu ft/s)
7759:
7545:
6392:
6237:
5883:
8046:
6197:
6195:
8061:
863:
5963:
Several failed expeditions followed; however the mystery of the Niger would not be solved for another 25 years, in 1830, when
1320:
along more than 160 kilometres (100 mi), was thought to be coastal wetlands. It was only with the 18th-century visits of
407:
6624:
6173:
485:
6794:
7984:
7963:
5954:
30:
6820:
6263:
5811:
are postulated to flow into a lake, which also feeds the "Ger"/"Niger River", which in turn feeds the "Nile Lake" and
1479:) is 240 km (150 mi) inland from the Atlantic Ocean, but the river runs directly away from the sea into the
7256:
A History of
Ancient Geography Among the Greeks and Romans: From the Earliest Ages Till the Fall of the Roman Empire
5794:
1328:
of his day, that Europeans correctly identified the course of the Niger and extended the name to its entire course.
1094:
8086:
8056:
6124:
Inger, Andersen; Ousmane, Dione; Martha, Jarosewich-Holder; Jean-Claude, Olivry; Katherin, George Golitzen (2005).
6098:
8071:
7928:
7653:
6490:
7580:
6050:
is underway or envisaged in order to alleviate chronic power shortages in the countries of the Niger basin. The
5948:
to promote the exploration of Africa in the hopes of locating the Niger, and in June 1796 the Scottish explorer
726:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,864 m/s (65,800 cu ft/s) 500 m/s (18,000 cu ft/s)
8081:
8066:
1412:, and large lakes; the seasonal floods make the Delta extremely productive for both fishing and agriculture.
8076:
7948:
7933:
7397:"In the Niger Basin, Countries Collaborate on Hydropower, Irrigation and Improved Water Resource Management"
6821:"Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja"
8091:
7536:
5975:
5800:
5767:
5758:
7979:
7566:
6658:
Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents
6070:
5949:
1321:
7551:
8041:
8020:
7994:
7703:
7646:
7030:
6926:
5820:
8015:
8010:
7683:
5941:
5871:
5860:
5763:
1336:
1271:
246:
7713:
1684:
7743:
7698:
7693:
7623:
7234:
7191:
7183:
6999:
6889:
6315:
1364:
The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the
7943:
6418:"A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations"
6204:"35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"
6000:
6458:
6451:
7738:
7688:
7615:
7509:
7505:
7497:
7483:
7465:
7434:
7323:
7226:
7175:
7139:
7125:
7107:
7099:
7064:
7046:
6991:
6952:
6944:
6745:
6661:
6575:
6521:
6513:
6462:
6305:
6131:
5551:
4947:
2190:
1397:
1369:
1325:
1304:
powers began to send ships along the west coast of Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries, the
1301:
1281:
1275:
1166:
1127:
895:
148:
6203:
6119:
6117:
6115:
5913:
reports Romans traveling to the "Ger", although in reporting any river's name derived from a
1483:, then takes a sharp right turn near the ancient city of Timbuktu and heads southeast to the
7607:
7218:
7167:
7091:
7054:
7038:
6983:
6934:
6541:
6297:
6211:
6008:
5914:
5856:
5844:
5832:
1259:
1151:
1027:
974:
389:
269:
109:
92:
7369:
7354:
6125:
5967:
and his brother became the first Europeans to follow the course of the Niger to the ocean.
1380:
1308:
was often postulated to be the seaward end of the Niger. The Niger Delta, pouring into the
7989:
7775:
7587:
7540:
6004:
5918:
5840:
5828:
5586:
1313:
1209:
1014:
1006:
923:
538:
2,117,700 km (817,600 sq mi) to 2,273,946 km (877,975 sq mi)
215:
76:
5436:
939:
7209:
Law, R. C. C. (1967). "The Garamantes and Trans-Saharan Enterprise in Classical Times".
7034:
6930:
6852:
6850:
5937:– despite his visit to the river – the myth connecting the Niger to the Nile persisted.
1360:
7825:
7770:
7059:
7018:
6915:"The Rise and Fall of African Rice Cultivation Revealed by Analysis of 246 New Genomes"
5964:
5879:
5634:
4742:
1957:
1492:
1484:
1464:
1424:
1309:
1237:
1186:
1176:
1067:
1063:
1023:
959:
883:
857:
849:
458:
393:
181:
164:
6857:
6388:
6229:
6007:
is mainly used for hydropower but also permits irrigation. Two diversion dams, one at
2431:
620:(6,925 m/s (244,600 cu ft/s) to 250 km/a (1.9 cu mi/Ms))
8035:
7820:
7795:
7627:
7238:
7195:
7003:
6971:
6744:(8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. p. 462.
6604:
6599:
6319:
5852:
5836:
5804:
5520:
5377:
4831:
2039:
1405:
1401:
1373:
1305:
1249:
1223:
1200:
1113:
943:
931:
903:
232:
198:
126:
5999:
The water in the Niger River basin is partially regulated through dams. In Mali the
7810:
7800:
7790:
7733:
6653:
6446:
5875:
5848:
5808:
5416:
5307:
5029:
4808:
2255:
1620:
1615:
1415:
1317:
1035:
955:
891:
887:
7912:
7348:
7254:
7095:
5742:
7144:(in Greek). Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii. Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13.
7907:
7835:
7815:
7748:
7728:
6185:
5979:
5959:
5934:
5502:
4929:
4716:
3262:
1875:
1689:
1503:
1476:
1348:
1083:
1075:
1059:
1055:
1019:
935:
899:
604:
453:
332:
6790:
1446:
The most important tributary is the Benue River which merges with the Niger at
7953:
7805:
7785:
7780:
7611:
7222:
7171:
6939:
6914:
6215:
6047:
6024:
5988:
5971:
5926:
5812:
5779:
5654:
5561:
5359:
2064:
2007:
1459:
1432:
1266:
meaning "river of rivers", as the current Tuareg name for the river Niger. As
947:
927:
919:
7619:
7230:
7179:
7103:
7050:
6995:
6948:
6091:"niger | Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary"
5917:
language, in which "gher" means "watercourse", confusion could easily arise.
1026:
is 2,117,700 km (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the
500:
487:
422:
409:
7830:
5930:
5910:
5894:
5177:
5161:
2470:
2445:
2380:
2305:
1523:
1472:
1440:
1385:
1079:
951:
7111:
7068:
7042:
7019:"Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication"
6987:
6956:
6286:
6284:
6067: – Dry basin that once carried a northern tributary of the Niger River
5940:
Many European expeditions to plot the river were unsuccessful. In 1788 the
7871:
7861:
7158:
Meek, C. K. (1960). "The Niger and the Classics: The History of a Name".
6020:
2280:
2164:
1643:
1638:
1488:
1428:
1300:, as these were not recognized at the time as being the same river. When
1267:
342:
6613:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 676.
6090:
1217:
1109:
The Niger has different names in the different languages of the region:
794:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,994 m/s (70,400 cu ft/s)
7938:
7891:
7851:
6872:"Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA"
6264:"Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering"
6064:
6016:
5945:
5929:
was made not simply because this was then known as the great river of "
5906:
5902:
5890:
5824:
5775:
5672:
2405:
2355:
2198:
2114:
1907:
1781:
1776:
1574:
1569:
1297:
1051:
915:
666:
471:
357:
316:
7187:
6482:
7886:
7881:
7856:
6301:
6012:
5984:
5787:
3451:
2480:
2475:
2453:
2449:
2330:
2089:
1932:
1712:
1707:
1519:
1480:
1471:
The Niger takes one of the most unusual routes of any major river, a
1447:
1099:
1031:
820:
762:
704:
579:
557:
352:
347:
337:
296:
252:
6740:
Tom L. McKnight; Darrel Hess (2005). "16, "The Fluvial Processes"".
5823:
around 5,500 years before present, the modern Sahara Desert, once a
784:(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)60 m/s (2,100 cu ft/s)
7552:
Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River
6291:
6174:"Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin"
5970:
In 1946, three Frenchmen, Jean Sauvy, Pierre Ponty and movie maker
7866:
5867:
5793:
5783:
5757:
5751:
5741:
2430:
2223:
1982:
1758:
1753:
1597:
1592:
1458:
1436:
1414:
1409:
1379:
1365:
1359:
1332:
1255:
Della descrittione dell’Africa et delle cose notabili che ivi sono
1103:
1093:
1070:. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the
1047:
1043:
311:
306:
6972:"Ceramic Traditions and Ethnicity in the Niger Bend, West Africa"
618:(Period: 1971–2000)7,922.3 m/s (279,770 cu ft/s)
5898:
1735:
1730:
1666:
1661:
1393:
1071:
1039:
301:
7642:
7533:
6453:
The World's Water, 2000-2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater
1278:, it was the source of most European knowledge of the region.
678:(Period: 1971–2000)6,470.8 m/s (228,510 cu ft/s)
7876:
7638:
6835:
6833:
6181:
6051:
6043:
2444:
Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at
2139:
1507:
1475:
shape that baffled geographers for two centuries. Its source (
989:
832:(Period: 1971–2000)1,091.7 m/s (38,550 cu ft/s)
6683:"Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin"
6023:, are used to irrigate about 54,000 hectares. In Nigeria the
6598:
6574:(4th ed.), Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, p. 274,
5889:
Classical writings on the interior of the Sahara begin with
1431:
and Timbuktu to seepage and evaporation. The water from the
556:
1.24 km (0.77 mi) to 1.73 km (1.07 mi) (
6127:
The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management
1324:, who travelled down the Niger River and visited the great
983:
5786:, constricting the continent to the land from the central
986:
1248:
The earliest use of the name "Niger" for the river is by
7353:. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. pp.
6711:
6709:
6707:
6625:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), NIGEIR"
1288:
to the middle reaches of the river, in modern Mali, but
6858:"BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"
3454:
average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023):
34:
7546:
Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas
6885:
6570:
Idrissa, Abdourahmane; Decalo, Samuel (June 1, 2012),
6202:
Muhedeen, Lawal; Kamaldeen Olakunle, Omosanya (2022).
1022:, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its
7581:
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law
6073: – Intergovernmental organization in West Africa
2456:(Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2024/05/31.
1419:
Boy bringing back his canoe on the Niger River (2022)
998:
980:
190:
7500:, in Davies, Bryan Robert; Walker, Keith F. (eds.),
5774:
is visible at bottom. Note it is placed, following
616:(Period: 2010–2018)270.5 km/a (8,570 m/s)
8003:
7972:
7921:
7900:
7844:
7757:
7721:
7676:
7253:Bunbury, Edward Herbert; Stahl, William H. (1879).
977:
909:
877:
869:
855:
845:
840:
826:
814:
806:
788:
778:
768:
756:
748:
730:
720:
710:
698:
690:
672:
660:
652:
634:
624:
610:
598:
590:
572:
564:
550:
542:
534:
526:
516:
477:
464:
452:
438:
399:
383:
375:
366:
325:
289:
284:
264:
58:
7431:The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River
6450:
5874:, fueling the wealth of great empires such as the
5754:. The crop was first domesticated along the river.
7464:, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society,
5987:, somewhat past the halfway mark. They carried a
1529:Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country
6257:
6255:
1368:and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the
7530:Information and a map of the Niger's watershed
7320:The Strong Brown God: Story of the Niger River
6819:Tommaso, Abrate; Prof. Pierre, Hubert (2007).
1404:suddenly decreases. The result is a region of
1158:
1143:
1134:
138:
135:
85:
7654:
7342:
7340:
7338:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
1498:The northern part of the river, known as the
1372:, and on the far left are tributaries of the
1098:Commercial activity along the river front at
640:35,000 m/s (1,200,000 cu ft/s)
101:
8:
6742:Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation
5958:. Park proposed a theory that the Niger and
1038:border. It runs in a crescent shape through
207:
68:
7153:
7151:
1193:
173:
157:
18:
7661:
7647:
7639:
1518:The Niger River basin, located in western
1120:
224:
118:
7557:Maas, Pierre; Mommersteeg, Geert (1990).
7058:
6938:
6592:
6590:
6293:Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin
1423:The river loses nearly two-thirds of its
630:1,200 m/s (42,000 cu ft/s)
7447:Plumb, J. H. (1952). "The Niger Quest".
6908:
6906:
6411:
6409:
4679:
3456:
3267:
3261:Average discharge of the Niger River at
2458:
1828:
1826:Hydrometric stations on the Niger River
1531:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
7281:
7269:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6082:
5974:, former civil servants in the African
5870:, was a key origin and destination for
1495:of the upper Niger by the lower Niger.
65:
20:
7259:. London: J. Murray. pp. 626–627.
6727:
6715:
6542:"Rivers of the World: The Niger River"
1270:was the southern end of the principal
1220:, who is believed to embody the river"
55:
7575:International law and the Niger River
7305:
6797:from the original on 30 December 2022
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
5866:The region of the Niger bend, in the
5839:in the Niger River region, including
4677:The main tributaries from the mouth:
2815:
1013:
251:The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at
7:
6660:. Leiden: Brill. p. 275 Fn 22.
1144:
1135:
7600:Leiden Journal of International Law
7374:, Documentary Education Resources,
7293:
6520:. Facts On File, Inc. p. 665.
6240:from the original on 8 October 2017
5778:, as just south of the land of the
1388:, a wide section of the Niger River
1384:Mud houses on the center island at
1194:
1121:
120:Maayo Ɓaleewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮
6493:from the original on 26 April 2021
1331:The modern nations of Nigeria and
49:
7482:, Biblo & Tannen Publishers,
7090:(2 Food and Nutrition): 227–243.
6039:are used to generate hydropower.
5955:Travels in the Interior of Africa
5897:on the north-western edge of the
7712:
7634:from the original on 2018-06-09.
1780:
1757:
1734:
1711:
1688:
1665:
1642:
1619:
1596:
1573:
1526:and spreads over ten countries.
1435:, which flows into the Delta at
1339:at the end of the 19th century.
1216:"named after the Yoruba goddess
1054:, discharging through a massive
973:
245:
7407:from the original on 2017-09-20
7378:from the original on 2009-08-20
6892:from the original on 2011-09-18
6772:from the original on 2023-01-11
6693:from the original on 2023-10-04
6635:from the original on 2024-04-01
6597:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911).
6552:from the original on 2021-10-27
6518:Encyclopedia of World Geography
6395:from the original on 2023-02-01
6353:from the original on 2024-04-01
6270:from the original on 2022-01-25
6266:. NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd.
6144:from the original on 2023-01-04
6101:from the original on 2022-10-14
8052:International rivers of Africa
7594:Spadi, Fabio (December 2005).
7126:Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13
6982:. University of Geneva: 5–48.
6572:Historical Dictionary of Niger
5901:, along the borders of modern
1856:Multiannual average discharge
1463:Map of the Niger, showing its
479: • coordinates
401: • coordinates
1:
7347:Maclachlan, T. Banks (1898).
7096:10.1080/00438243.1979.9979762
6841:"AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"
530:4,200 km (2,600 mi)
367:Physical characteristics
7985:National Park of Upper Niger
7964:River Niger Bridge (Onitsha)
7534:http://www.wri.org/resources
7502:The Ecology of River Systems
7480:History of Ancient Geography
7318:de Gramonte, Sanche (1991),
6471:– via Internet Archive
3265:(period from 2010 to 2018):
518: • elevation
440: • elevation
7478:Thomson, J. Oliver (1948),
7429:Gramont, Sanche de (1975),
6681:Kiley, Penny (2011-12-01).
5884:brought Islam to the region
1427:in the Inner Delta between
816: • location
758: • location
700: • location
662: • location
600: • location
466: • location
385: • location
8113:
8097:Lowest points of countries
7211:Journal of African History
7160:Journal of African History
7138:Claudii Ptolemaei (1843).
6546:Radio Netherlands Archives
6516:. In McColl, R. W. (ed.).
5995:Management and development
5859:in the Inner Delta, now a
1296:) to the lower reaches in
1159:
828: • average
790: • maximum
780: • minimum
770: • average
732: • maximum
722: • minimum
712: • average
674: • average
636: • maximum
626: • minimum
612: • average
574: • maximum
552: • average
444:850 m (2,790 ft)
139:
136:
51:Major river in West Africa
7710:
7612:10.1017/S0922156505003006
7223:10.1017/S0021853700007015
7172:10.1017/S0021853700001456
6940:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.066
6512:Thompson, Samuel (2005).
6216:10.1002/essoar.10512089.1
5750:along the Niger River in
5576:
5549:
5408:
4823:
4714:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3415:
3273:
3270:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2247:
2188:
2031:
1899:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1834:
1831:
1798:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1122:𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢
836:
802:
798:
744:
740:
686:
682:
648:
644:
586:
578:37 m (121 ft) (
448:
371:
260:
244:
119:
7498:"The Niger River System"
7017:Scarcelli, Nora (2019).
6913:Cubry, Philippe (2018).
6457:, Island Press, p.
5762:A reconstruction of the
1400:, which forms where its
911: • right
31:latest accepted revision
7496:Welcomme, R.L. (1986),
6610:Encyclopædia Britannica
6416:Castano, Ing. Antonio.
5835:, many food crops were
1018:) is the main river of
1015:[(lə)flœvniʒɛʁ]
879: • left
268:Unknown (possibly from
191:
158:
86:
8062:Physiographic sections
7559:"Fishing in the Pondo"
7043:10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947
6988:10.1179/eth.2010.2.1.5
6184:. 1997. Archived from
5816:
5791:
5755:
5746:Growing African rice,
2436:
1468:
1420:
1389:
1377:
1284:maps applied the name
1106:
1010:
225:
208:
174:
102:
69:
7980:Niger Basin Authority
7504:, Springer, pp.
7460:Reader, John (2001),
6629:www.perseus.tufts.edu
6071:Niger Basin Authority
6048:hydropower generation
6019:, just downstream of
5803:. The mouths of the
5797:
5761:
5745:
3446:Niger River at Lokoja
2435:River Niger at Bomadi
2434:
1522:, covers 7.5% of the
1462:
1418:
1383:
1363:
1274:route to the western
1097:
1046:, on the border with
280:meaning "big rivers")
276:or local Tuareg word
8021:Ogbaru boat disaster
7995:Kainji National Park
7590:Peace Palace Library
7322:, Houghton Mifflin,
6970:Mayor, Anne (2010).
5821:African humid period
1538:Area of the country
522:0 m (0 ft)
423:9.09722°N 10.68278°W
8016:Kwara boat disaster
8011:Kebbi boat disaster
7729:Source of the Niger
7296:, pp. 182–184.
7272:, pp. 258–259.
7035:2019SciA....5.1947S
6931:2018CBio...28E2274C
6730:, pp. 191–192.
6687:International Alert
6011:just downstream of
5942:African Association
5872:trans-Saharan trade
5861:World Heritage Site
5801:Ptolemy's world map
5764:Ravenna Cosmography
2452:(Middle Niger) and
1337:Scramble for Africa
1272:Trans-Saharan trade
841:Basin features
501:5.32222°N 6.46917°E
497: /
419: /
21:Page version status
8047:Benin–Niger border
7586:2009-02-18 at the
7563:Saudi Aramco World
7539:2015-11-30 at the
6427:on January 1, 2016
6262:Prabhu TL (2021).
6095:www.etymonline.com
5819:At the end of the
5817:
5792:
5756:
4707:Average discharge
3274:Average discharge
2437:
1469:
1467:and "inland delta"
1421:
1390:
1378:
1107:
428:9.09722; -10.68278
226:Óshimiri/ Oshimili
27:
8087:Rivers of Nigeria
8057:Inner Niger Delta
8029:
8028:
7739:Inner Niger Delta
7515:978-90-6193-540-7
7489:978-0-8196-0143-8
7471:978-0-620-25506-6
7329:978-0-395-56756-2
7084:World Archaeology
6925:(14): 2274–2282.
6751:978-0-13-145139-1
6667:978-90-04-11207-0
6468:978-1-55963-792-3
6311:978-92-5-133378-5
5989:16mm movie camera
5733:
5732:
4667:
4666:
3443:
3442:
3259:
3258:
2429:
2428:
1824:
1823:
1540:within the basin
1398:Inner Niger Delta
1370:Inner Niger Delta
1316:and thousands of
1302:European colonial
1282:Medieval European
1244:"the river water"
1163:"river of rivers"
1156:Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn
1050:and then through
1030:in south-eastern
1011:(le) fleuve Niger
965:
964:
39:17 September 2024
8104:
8072:Rivers of Guinea
7929:King Fahd Bridge
7922:Dams and bridges
7716:
7663:
7656:
7649:
7640:
7635:
7570:
7565:. Archived from
7518:
7492:
7474:
7456:
7443:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7371:About Jean Rouch
7365:
7359:
7358:
7344:
7333:
7332:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7279:
7273:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7250:
7244:
7242:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7155:
7146:
7145:
7135:
7129:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7062:
7023:Science Advances
7014:
7008:
7007:
6976:Ethnoarchaeology
6967:
6961:
6960:
6942:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6882:
6876:
6875:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6854:
6845:
6844:
6837:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6793:. 14 June 2023.
6787:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6737:
6731:
6725:
6719:
6713:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6654:Hunwick, John O.
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6602:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6456:
6447:Gleick, Peter H.
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6420:. Archived from
6413:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6385:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6343:
6324:
6323:
6302:10.4060/cb1274en
6288:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6259:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6234:www.geol.lsu.edu
6230:"WWD Continents"
6226:
6220:
6219:
6208:ESS Open Archive
6199:
6190:
6189:
6170:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6121:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6087:
5845:Oryza glaberrima
5843:, African rice (
5833:Fertile Crescent
5748:Oryza glaberrima
4680:
3469:Discharge (m/s)
3463:Discharge (m/s)
3457:
3268:
2465:Discharge (m/s)
2459:
1829:
1785:
1784:
1762:
1761:
1739:
1738:
1716:
1715:
1693:
1692:
1670:
1669:
1647:
1646:
1624:
1623:
1601:
1600:
1578:
1577:
1532:
1326:Sahelian empires
1197:
1196:
1162:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1028:Guinea Highlands
1017:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
912:
880:
860:
829:
817:
791:
781:
771:
759:
733:
723:
713:
701:
675:
663:
637:
627:
613:
601:
575:
553:
512:
511:
509:
508:
507:
506:5.32222; 6.46917
502:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
470:Gulf of Guinea,
441:
434:
433:
431:
430:
429:
424:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
402:
390:Guinea Highlands
386:
249:
237:
236:
228:
220:
219:
211:
203:
202:
194:
186:
185:
177:
169:
168:
161:
153:
152:
144:
143:
142:
141:
131:
130:
122:
121:
114:
113:
105:
97:
96:
89:
81:
80:
72:
56:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8082:Rivers of Niger
8067:Rivers of Benin
8032:
8031:
8030:
8025:
7999:
7990:W National Park
7973:Protected Areas
7968:
7949:Kennedy Bridge
7917:
7896:
7840:
7776:Sankarani River
7763:
7753:
7717:
7708:
7672:
7667:
7593:
7588:Wayback Machine
7577:
7556:
7541:Wayback Machine
7526:
7521:
7516:
7495:
7490:
7477:
7472:
7459:
7446:
7441:
7428:
7424:
7419:
7410:
7408:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7381:
7379:
7368:Baugh, Brenda,
7367:
7366:
7362:
7346:
7345:
7336:
7330:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7304:
7300:
7292:
7288:
7280:
7276:
7268:
7264:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7208:
7207:
7203:
7157:
7156:
7149:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7123:
7119:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7029:(5): eaaw1947.
7016:
7015:
7011:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6919:Current Biology
6912:
6911:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6856:
6855:
6848:
6839:
6838:
6831:
6823:
6818:
6817:
6810:
6800:
6798:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6775:
6773:
6764:
6763:
6759:
6752:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6726:
6722:
6714:
6705:
6696:
6694:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6638:
6636:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6582:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6555:
6553:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6528:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6415:
6414:
6407:
6398:
6396:
6387:
6386:
6365:
6356:
6354:
6345:
6344:
6327:
6312:
6290:
6289:
6282:
6273:
6271:
6261:
6260:
6253:
6243:
6241:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6201:
6200:
6193:
6172:
6171:
6156:
6147:
6145:
6138:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6102:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6061:
6005:Sankarani River
5997:
5976:French colonies
5880:Songhai Empires
5829:desertification
5740:
4675:
4669:
3450:Niger River at
3448:
2448:(Upper Niger),
2442:
1804:For Niger basin
1779:
1756:
1733:
1710:
1687:
1664:
1641:
1618:
1595:
1572:
1516:
1457:
1406:braided streams
1358:
1347:As part of the
1345:
1314:mangrove swamps
1092:
1058:, known as the
999:
976:
972:
910:
878:
856:
827:
815:
789:
779:
769:
757:
731:
721:
711:
699:
673:
661:
635:
625:
611:
599:
573:
551:
519:
505:
503:
499:
496:
491:
488:
486:
484:
483:
480:
467:
439:
427:
425:
421:
418:
413:
410:
408:
406:
405:
400:
384:
362:
321:
256:
240:
230:
223:
213:
206:
196:
189:
179:
172:
162:
156:
146:
134:
124:
117:
107:
100:
90:
84:
74:
67:
64:
63:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
8110:
8108:
8100:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8077:Rivers of Mali
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8034:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8005:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7934:Martyrs Bridge
7931:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7910:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7826:Forcados River
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7771:Tinkisso River
7767:
7765:
7764:distributaries
7755:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7658:
7651:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7606:(4): 777–794.
7591:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7569:on 2014-10-18.
7554:
7549:
7543:
7525:
7524:External links
7522:
7520:
7519:
7514:
7493:
7488:
7475:
7470:
7457:
7444:
7439:
7433:, Hart-Davis,
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7388:
7360:
7334:
7328:
7310:
7298:
7286:
7284:, p. 258.
7274:
7262:
7245:
7217:(2): 181–200.
7201:
7147:
7130:
7117:
7074:
7009:
6962:
6902:
6877:
6863:
6846:
6829:
6808:
6782:
6757:
6750:
6732:
6720:
6718:, p. 191.
6703:
6673:
6666:
6645:
6616:
6605:Chisholm, Hugh
6586:
6581:978-0810860940
6580:
6562:
6548:. 2002-12-04.
6533:
6526:
6504:
6487:geography.name
6474:
6467:
6438:
6405:
6363:
6325:
6310:
6280:
6251:
6221:
6191:
6188:on 2017-07-21.
6154:
6136:
6130:. World Bank.
6111:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6068:
6060:
6057:
5996:
5993:
5965:Richard Lander
5944:was formed in
5739:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:Dallol Maouri
5338:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4867:Awele (Edien)
4865:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4806:
4803:
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4799:
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4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4764:
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4758:
4755:
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4751:
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4737:
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4733:
4730:
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4705:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4674:
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4661:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4635:
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4623:
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4609:
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4596:
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4470:
4467:
4462:
4459:
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4437:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4335:
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4331:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
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4056:
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4047:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3949:
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3933:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3799:
3795:
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3791:
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3777:
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3769:
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3761:
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3726:
3723:
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3696:
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3690:
3687:
3682:
3679:
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3674:
3671:
3666:
3663:
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3657:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
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3381:
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3375:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
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3082:
3080:
3077:
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3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
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3001:
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2989:
2986:
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2980:
2977:
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2926:
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2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2441:
2438:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1515:
1514:Drainage basin
1512:
1493:stream capture
1485:Gulf of Guinea
1456:
1453:
1425:potential flow
1357:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1318:distributaries
1298:modern Nigeria
1246:
1245:
1235:
1221:
1207:
1198:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1149:
1125:
1091:
1088:
1068:Atlantic Ocean
1064:Gulf of Guinea
1024:drainage basin
963:
962:
913:
907:
906:
881:
875:
874:
871:
867:
866:
861:
853:
852:
850:Gulf of Guinea
847:
843:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
830:
824:
823:
818:
812:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
786:
785:
782:
776:
775:
772:
766:
765:
760:
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
718:
717:
714:
708:
707:
702:
696:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
670:
669:
664:
658:
657:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
628:
622:
621:
614:
608:
607:
602:
596:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
576:
570:
569:
566:
562:
561:
554:
548:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
481:
478:
475:
474:
468:
465:
462:
461:
459:Atlantic Ocean
456:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
403:
397:
396:
394:Guinea-Conakry
387:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
327:
323:
322:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
291:
287:
286:
282:
281:
266:
262:
261:
258:
257:
250:
242:
241:
239:
238:
221:
204:
187:
170:
154:
132:
115:
98:
82:
61:
60:
59:
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8109:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8092:Border rivers
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7920:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7899:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7821:Anambra River
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7796:Alibori River
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7761:
7758:Tributaries (
7756:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7715:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7664:
7659:
7657:
7652:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7641:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7592:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:(link broken)
7547:
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7507:
7503:
7499:
7494:
7491:
7485:
7481:
7476:
7473:
7467:
7463:
7458:
7455:(4): 243–251.
7454:
7450:
7449:History Today
7445:
7442:
7440:0-246-10759-6
7436:
7432:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7406:
7402:
7398:
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7056:
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7013:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
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6977:
6973:
6966:
6963:
6958:
6954:
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6891:
6887:
6881:
6878:
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6851:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6822:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6796:
6792:
6791:"Niger River"
6786:
6783:
6771:
6767:
6761:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6721:
6717:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6620:
6617:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6600:"Niger"
6593:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6563:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6534:
6529:
6527:9780816072293
6523:
6519:
6515:
6514:"Niger River"
6508:
6505:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6483:"Niger River"
6478:
6475:
6470:
6464:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6439:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6394:
6390:
6389:"Niger-Hycos"
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6352:
6348:
6342:
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6143:
6139:
6137:9780821362037
6133:
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6120:
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6112:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6086:
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6058:
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6030:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6015:, and one at
6014:
6010:
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6002:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5968:
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5957:
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5900:
5896:
5892:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:Djenné-Djenno
5854:
5853:aridification
5851:. The Sahara
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5805:Senegal River
5802:
5796:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5768:Ptolemaic map
5765:
5760:
5753:
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2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1685:Côte d'Ivoire
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Sahara Desert
1478:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1374:Senegal River
1371:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:Senegal River
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:Mediterranean
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:Leo Africanus
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:"great water"
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:"great river"
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:"great river"
1142:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1118:Maayo Jaaliba
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
994:
970:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:
876:
872:
868:
865:
862:
859:
854:
851:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
825:
822:
819:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
787:
783:
777:
773:
767:
764:
761:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
729:
725:
719:
715:
709:
706:
703:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
671:
668:
665:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
629:
623:
619:
615:
609:
606:
603:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
510:
482:
476:
473:
469:
463:
460:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
437:
432:
404:
398:
395:
391:
388:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
328:
324:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
292:
288:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
248:
243:
234:
227:
222:
217:
210:
205:
200:
199:Ijo languages
193:
188:
183:
176:
171:
166:
160:
155:
150:
133:
128:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
88:
83:
78:
71:
66:
57:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
7811:Kaduna River
7801:Sokoto River
7791:Mekrou River
7734:Middle Niger
7669:
7603:
7599:
7567:the original
7562:
7501:
7479:
7461:
7452:
7448:
7430:
7409:. Retrieved
7400:
7391:
7380:, retrieved
7370:
7363:
7349:
7319:
7313:
7301:
7289:
7282:Thomson 1948
7277:
7270:Thomson 1948
7265:
7255:
7248:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7163:
7159:
7140:
7133:
7124:Geographia,
7120:
7087:
7083:
7077:
7026:
7022:
7012:
6979:
6975:
6965:
6922:
6918:
6894:. Retrieved
6880:
6866:
6799:. Retrieved
6785:
6774:. Retrieved
6760:
6741:
6735:
6723:
6695:. Retrieved
6686:
6676:
6657:
6648:
6637:. Retrieved
6628:
6619:
6608:
6571:
6565:
6554:. Retrieved
6545:
6536:
6517:
6507:
6495:. Retrieved
6486:
6477:
6452:
6441:
6429:. Retrieved
6422:the original
6397:. Retrieved
6355:. Retrieved
6292:
6272:. Retrieved
6242:. Retrieved
6233:
6224:
6207:
6186:the original
6177:
6146:. Retrieved
6126:
6103:. Retrieved
6094:
6085:
6041:
6001:Sélingué Dam
5998:
5969:
5953:
5939:
5924:
5888:
5878:, Mali, and
5865:
5849:pearl millet
5837:domesticated
5827:, underwent
5818:
5809:Gambia River
5782:, in modern
5771:
5766:placed on a
5747:
5734:
5618:Koda (Koba)
5577:
5550:
5417:Dallol Bosso
5410:Middle Niger
5409:
4915:Oiryi (Oji)
4824:
4715:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4658:
4644:
4628:
4614:
4598:
4584:
4568:
4554:
4538:
4524:
4508:
4494:
4478:
4464:
4448:
4434:
4418:
4404:
4388:
4374:
4358:
4344:
4328:
4314:
4298:
4284:
4268:
4254:
4238:
4224:
4208:
4194:
4178:
4164:
4148:
4134:
4118:
4104:
4088:
4074:
4058:
4044:
4028:
4014:
3998:
3984:
3968:
3954:
3938:
3924:
3908:
3894:
3878:
3864:
3848:
3834:
3818:
3804:
3788:
3774:
3758:
3744:
3728:
3714:
3698:
3684:
3668:
3654:
3638:
3624:
3608:
3594:
3578:
3564:
3548:
3534:
3518:
3504:
3488:
3477:
3449:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3260:
2443:
2248:
2189:
2033:Middle Niger
2032:
1900:
1862:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1616:Burkina Faso
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1528:
1517:
1499:
1497:
1470:
1445:
1422:
1391:
1346:
1330:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1231:
1227:
1213:
1204:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1155:
1140:
1131:
1117:
1108:
1036:Sierra Leone
968:
966:
858:River system
617:
277:
273:
255:, early 2019
70:Fleuve Niger
53:
38:
29:This is the
23:
8042:Niger River
7939:Markala Dam
7908:Kainji Lake
7836:Brass River
7816:Benue River
7749:Niger Delta
7744:Lower Niger
7670:Niger River
7166:(1): 1–17.
6728:Reader 2001
6716:Reader 2001
6178:www.fao.org
6033:Zungeru Dam
6029:Shiroro Dam
5980:Kissidougou
5935:Ibn Battuta
5578:Upper Niger
5552:Inner Delta
4825:Lower Niger
4790:Ase (Asse)
4717:Niger Delta
4701:Basin size
4673:Tributaries
3466:Water year
3460:Water year
3263:Niger Delta
2462:Water year
2249:Upper Niger
2191:Inner Delta
1901:Lower Niger
1876:Niger Delta
1850:Basin size
1477:Tembakounda
1441:tributaries
1349:West Africa
1173:"the river"
1084:Benue River
1078:. Its main
1076:Congo River
1062:, into the
1060:Niger Delta
1020:West Africa
969:Niger River
870:Tributaries
864:Niger River
846:Progression
605:Niger Delta
504: /
426: /
333:Tembakounda
278:n-igereouen
62:Niger River
8036:Categories
7954:Kainji Dam
7944:Gao Bridge
7806:Sota River
7786:Bani River
7781:Milo River
7422:References
7411:2017-09-20
7401:World Bank
7350:Mungo Park
7306:Plumb 1952
7141:Geographia
6896:2010-01-09
6801:11 January
6776:2023-01-11
6697:2023-09-29
6639:2024-04-01
6556:2021-11-24
6399:2023-01-02
6357:2024-04-01
6274:2021-11-18
6148:2023-01-04
6105:2021-04-26
6025:Kainji Dam
5972:Jean Rouch
5950:Mungo Park
5927:Nile River
5813:Nile River
5780:Garamantes
5470:Diamangou
5291:Dan Zakhi
4724:Sombreiro
4691:tributary
4685:tributary
2075:1,399,238
2065:Malanville
2050:1,404,600
2018:1,711,300
2008:Kainji Dam
1993:1,751,000
1968:1,845,300
1943:2,204,500
1918:2,240,019
1886:2,273,946
1837:kilometer
1500:Niger bend
1433:Bani River
1322:Mungo Park
1160:ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ
535:Basin size
414:10°40′58″W
411:09°05′50″N
272:for River
8004:disasters
7959:Jebba Dam
7831:Nun River
7677:Countries
7628:145119157
7620:1478-9698
7239:165234947
7231:0021-8537
7196:163134704
7180:0021-8537
7104:0043-8243
7051:2375-2548
7004:128409342
6996:1944-2890
6949:0960-9822
6656:(2003) .
6320:242320135
6037:Jebba Dam
5931:Aethiopia
5911:Suetonius
5895:Wadi Ghir
5772:River Ger
5587:Sankarani
5178:Kontagora
3421:2010–2018
2471:Koulikoro
2446:Koulikoro
2440:Discharge
2381:Kouroussa
2306:Koulikoro
2256:Ké Macina
1844:Altitude
1809:2,273,946
1546:rainfall
1524:continent
1473:boomerang
1465:watershed
1386:Lake Debo
1356:Geography
1264:gr-n-grwn
1242:Toru Beni
1181:Isa Beeri
1090:Etymology
1080:tributary
1034:near the
924:Sankarani
807:Discharge
749:Discharge
691:Discharge
653:Discharge
591:Discharge
489:5°19′20″N
290:Countries
265:Etymology
192:Toru Beni
159:Issa Beri
7913:Lac Debo
7872:Timbuktu
7722:Sections
7632:Archived
7584:Archived
7537:Archived
7405:Archived
7376:archived
7294:Law 1967
7112:16470987
7069:31114806
6957:29983312
6890:Archived
6795:Archived
6770:Archived
6691:Archived
6633:Archived
6550:Archived
6497:26 April
6491:Archived
6449:(2000),
6431:28 April
6393:Archived
6391:. 2022.
6351:Archived
6296:. 2020.
6268:Archived
6244:28 April
6238:Archived
6142:Archived
6099:Archived
6059:See also
5704:Niantan
5635:Tinkisso
5569:129,400
5536:Tilemsi
5486:Goroubi
5426:556,000
5317:193,000
5259:Malendo
4939:338,385
4652:2023/24
4638:1984/85
4622:2022/23
4608:1983/84
4592:2021/22
4578:1982/83
4562:2020/21
4548:1981/82
4532:2019/20
4518:1980/81
4502:2018/19
4488:1979/80
4472:2017/18
4458:1978/79
4442:2016/17
4428:1977/78
4412:2015/16
4398:1976/77
4382:2014/15
4368:1975/76
4352:2013/14
4338:1974/75
4322:2012/13
4308:1973/74
4292:2011/12
4278:1972/73
4262:2010/11
4248:1971/72
4232:2009/10
4218:1970/71
4202:2008/09
4188:1969/70
4172:2007/08
4158:1968/69
4142:2006/07
4128:1967/68
4112:2005/06
4098:1966/67
4082:2004/05
4068:1965/66
4052:2003/04
4038:1964/65
4022:2002/03
4008:1963/64
3992:2001/02
3978:1962/63
3962:2000/01
3948:1961/62
3932:1999/00
3918:1960/61
3902:1998/99
3888:1959/60
3872:1997/98
3858:1958/59
3842:1996/97
3828:1957/58
3812:1995/96
3798:1956/57
3782:1994/95
3768:1955/56
3752:1993/94
3738:1954/55
3722:1992/93
3708:1953/54
3692:1991/92
3678:1952/53
3662:1990/91
3648:1951/52
3632:1989/90
3618:1950/51
3602:1988/89
3588:1949/50
3572:1987/88
3558:1948/49
3542:1986/87
3528:1947/48
3512:1985/86
3498:1946/47
3411:348,700
3397:303,160
3383:320,950
3369:263,320
3355:281,110
3341:251,120
3327:358,440
3313:274,960
3299:322,410
3228:2023/24
3196:2022/23
3164:2021/22
3132:2020/21
3100:2019/20
3070:2018/19
3038:2017/18
3008:2016/17
2976:2015/16
2944:2014/15
2914:2013/14
2882:2012/13
2852:2011/12
2829:2010/11
2804:2009/10
2772:2008/09
2740:2007/08
2708:2006/07
2676:2005/06
2644:2004/05
2612:2003/04
2580:2002/03
2548:2001/02
2516:2000/01
2347:1,371.2
2341:114,800
2316:119,029
2297:1,344.5
2291:132,838
2266:143,361
2240:1,742.9
2234:308,186
2209:372,588
2175:382,469
2165:Timbuktu
2150:549,876
2125:647,527
2100:791,121
2081:1,086.7
2056:1,086.7
2024:1,153.9
1999:1,457.3
1974:2,349.8
1949:5,754.7
1924:6,470.8
1892:7,922.3
1832:Station
1788:584,193
1765:564,211
1742:578,850
1639:Cameroon
1581:193,449
1544:Average
1535:Country
1489:Timbuktu
1402:gradient
1312:through
1310:Atlantic
1268:Timbuktu
1145:ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬
1136:ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬
1074:and the
884:Tinkisso
492:6°28′9″E
343:Timbuktu
285:Location
149:Tamasheq
35:reviewed
7892:Onitsha
7852:Siguiri
7704:Nigeria
7060:6527260
7031:Bibcode
6927:Bibcode
6607:(ed.).
6347:"Niger"
6065:Azawagh
6017:Markala
6003:on the
5946:England
5907:Algeria
5903:Morocco
5891:Ptolemy
5847:), and
5825:savanna
5776:Ptolemy
5770:. The
5738:History
5680:12,930
5673:Niandan
5662:13,590
5644:19,430
5594:33,288
5543:93,920
5528:60,842
5521:Gorouol
5510:39,138
5492:15.500
5444:10,635
5385:13,650
5378:Alibori
5367:13,500
5349:72,551
5275:Baduru
5229:Swashi
5169:11,200
5148:232.22
5039:65,878
4981:Etsuan
4957:15,254
4841:14,014
4832:Anambra
4776:Eriola
4760:Okpare
4695:Length
4663:20,578
4633:33,136
4603:17,688
4589:11,600
4573:28,082
4559:18,400
4543:24,800
4529:16,700
4513:25,612
4499:17,800
4483:21,020
4469:17,000
4453:20,613
4439:15,500
4423:27,285
4409:12,000
4393:19,664
4379:19,600
4363:16,430
4349:17,100
4333:31,692
4319:12,200
4303:16,912
4289:14,400
4273:21,272
4259:17,600
4243:20,534
4229:20,100
4213:20,426
4199:23,500
4183:19,941
4169:18,800
4153:19,389
4139:19,700
4123:13,792
4109:20,000
4093:16,098
4079:18,600
4063:19,025
4049:20,800
4033:17,012
4019:20,500
4003:18,885
3989:24,100
3973:32,080
3959:15,500
3943:23,090
3929:22,200
3913:23,491
3899:18,300
3883:15,548
3869:14,700
3853:19,914
3839:23,600
3823:17,713
3809:18,100
3793:20,418
3779:24,600
3763:11,895
3749:24,900
3733:15,300
3719:18,500
3703:18,400
3689:18,300
3673:14,800
3659:20,400
3643:16,300
3629:15,000
3613:15,100
3599:19,200
3583:11,800
3569:20,900
3553:11,400
3539:21,000
3523:15,800
3509:16,600
3438:302,710
3324:10,150
3255:20,578
3223:33,136
3191:17,688
3159:28,082
3127:24,800
3095:25,612
3065:21,020
3033:20,613
3003:27,285
2971:19,664
2939:16,430
2909:31,692
2877:16,912
2847:21,272
2824:20,534
2799:20,426
2767:19,941
2735:19,389
2703:13,792
2671:16,098
2639:19,025
2607:17,012
2575:18,885
2543:32,080
2406:Faranah
2391:18,900
2366:67,631
2356:Siguiri
2115:Ansongo
1908:Onitsha
1777:Nigeria
1719:96,880
1696:23,770
1673:20,339
1650:89,249
1627:76,621
1604:46,384
1570:Algeria
1549:in the
1410:marshes
1343:Climate
1262:phrase
1252:in his
1232:Orimili
1228:Orimiri
1167:Songhay
1128:Manding
1082:is the
1066:in the
1052:Nigeria
944:Alibori
932:Gorouol
916:Niandan
904:Anambra
667:Onitsha
472:Nigeria
358:Onitsha
317:Nigeria
137:Egerew
110:Bambara
93:Maninka
7887:Lokoja
7882:Niamey
7857:Bamako
7845:Cities
7762:) and
7684:Guinea
7626:
7618:
7512:
7486:
7468:
7462:Africa
7437:
7382:27 Jan
7326:
7237:
7229:
7194:
7188:179702
7186:
7178:
7110:
7102:
7067:
7057:
7049:
7002:
6994:
6955:
6947:
6766:"GRDC"
6748:
6664:
6578:
6524:
6465:
6318:
6308:
6134:
6035:, and
6013:Bamako
6009:Sotuba
5985:Niamey
5915:Berber
5790:north.
5788:Sahara
5696:4,075
5690:Mafou
5626:4,940
5610:4,045
5597:305.6
5566:1,100
5476:4,400
5460:5,500
5454:Tapoa
5437:Mékrou
5401:2,000
5395:Diare
5333:3,900
5327:Shodu
5320:294.1
5308:Sokoto
5299:3,000
5283:1,500
5267:9,127
5251:1,800
5235:1,500
5219:1,300
5213:Menai
5187:4,500
5151:9,400
5145:Moshi
5135:3,230
5119:6,300
5116:115.5
5103:2,132
5097:Oshin
5087:2,100
5071:1,698
5063:Yunko
5055:4,500
5042:641.5
5030:Kaduna
5021:7,540
5013:Gbako
5008:126.5
5005:9,560
4999:Kampe
4989:1,450
4960:183.9
4948:Gurara
4942:3,477
4936:1,400
4918:67.72
4905:1,900
4899:Aguro
4889:1,400
4876:111.2
4873:3,300
4857:1,100
4844:400.3
4819:147.8
4816:2,800
4809:Orashi
4801:133.6
4798:3,500
4782:1,000
4766:1,100
4750:1,300
4732:1,500
4709:(m/s)
4689:Right
4655:2,107
4649:8,490
4625:1,997
4619:9,180
4595:2,021
4581:1,330
4565:2,131
4551:1,340
4535:1,594
4521:1,400
4505:2,046
4491:1,210
4475:2,058
4461:1,080
4445:2,550
4431:1,310
4415:1,753
4401:1,320
4385:1,570
4371:1,300
4355:1,546
4325:1,731
4295:1,835
4281:1,410
4265:2,166
4251:1,270
4235:2,101
4221:1,640
4205:1,535
4191:1,630
4175:2,227
4161:1,720
4145:1,781
4115:1,801
4101:1,320
4085:2,107
4071:1,310
4055:1,592
4041:1,160
4025:2,000
4011:1,710
3995:2,157
3981:1,150
3965:2,112
3935:2,618
3921:1,250
3905:2,315
3891:1,530
3875:2,406
3861:2,020
3845:2,103
3831:1,480
3815:1,945
3801:1,870
3785:1,945
3771:2,400
3755:1,949
3741:2,130
3725:1,930
3711:1,840
3695:1,770
3681:2,260
3665:1,790
3651:1,290
3635:1,110
3605:1,070
3575:1,390
3545:1,210
3531:1,010
3515:1,110
3452:Lokoja
3408:9,874
3405:311.6
3394:8,585
3391:270.9
3380:9,088
3377:286.8
3366:7,456
3363:235.3
3352:7,960
3349:251.2
3338:7,111
3335:224.4
3321:320.3
3310:7,786
3307:245.7
3296:9,130
3293:288.1
3285:(cfs)
3282:(m/s)
3252:7,491
3249:2,107
3246:1,595
3237:3,401
3220:8,288
3217:1,997
3214:1,869
3211:1,074
3205:3,851
3188:5,913
3185:2,021
3182:2,121
3179:1,106
3173:3,275
3156:7,570
3153:2,131
3150:3,398
3147:1,418
3141:5,023
3124:8,751
3121:1,594
3118:2,677
3115:1,060
3109:4,158
3092:7,900
3089:2,046
3084:1,223
3079:7,555
3076:1,256
3062:6,781
3059:2,058
3056:1,791
3047:2,338
3030:7,272
3027:2,550
3022:1,059
3017:5,845
3000:6,054
2997:1,753
2994:2,123
2985:3,719
2982:1,002
2968:6,352
2965:1,570
2962:1,542
2953:3,695
2936:5,783
2933:1,546
2923:6,297
2920:1,080
2906:8,612
2903:1,731
2900:2,492
2897:1,115
2891:4,562
2888:1,146
2874:5,736
2871:1,835
2861:3,912
2844:7,225
2841:2,166
2838:3,916
2835:1,260
2821:7,637
2818:2,101
2813:4,660
2810:1,302
2796:6,161
2793:1,535
2790:1,830
2781:4,837
2778:1,443
2764:6,767
2761:2,227
2758:1,840
2749:4,854
2732:5,291
2729:1,781
2726:1,710
2717:3,631
2714:1,111
2700:4,849
2697:1,801
2694:1,660
2685:3,400
2682:1,060
2668:5,683
2665:2,107
2662:1,880
2653:3,370
2636:6,225
2633:1,592
2630:1,870
2621:5,210
2618:1,230
2604:5,297
2601:2,000
2598:1,610
2589:3,120
2572:5,338
2569:2,157
2566:1,680
2557:5,520
2554:1,270
2540:8,504
2537:2,112
2534:1,810
2525:3,860
2522:1,150
2481:Lokoja
2476:Niamey
2454:Lokoja
2450:Niamey
2416:3,196
2410:4,040
2385:3,800
2360:3,600
2335:3,500
2331:Bamako
2322:1,351
2310:3,440
2285:3,200
2272:1,330
2260:3,050
2228:2,900
2215:1,113
2203:2,540
2181:950.7
2169:2,460
2156:875.6
2144:1,860
2131:806.8
2119:1,770
2106:893.4
2094:1,420
2090:Niamey
2069:1,130
2044:1,120
1933:Lokoja
1867:(m/s)
1863:start
1840:(rkm)
1835:River
1794:1,185
1725:1,635
1708:Guinea
1702:1,466
1656:1,330
1610:1,055
1552:basin
1520:Africa
1455:Course
1448:Lokoja
1294:Kworra
1290:Quorra
1260:Berber
1210:Yoruba
1152:Tuareg
1141:Joliba
1132:Jeliba
1100:Boubon
1032:Guinea
1007:French
956:Orashi
940:Mékrou
896:Gurara
892:Kaduna
888:Sokoto
873:
821:Bamako
810:
763:Niamey
752:
705:Lokoja
694:
656:
594:
580:Lokoja
568:
558:Lokoja
546:
527:Length
379:
376:Source
353:Lokoja
348:Niamey
338:Bamako
326:Cities
297:Guinea
270:Berber
253:Niamey
229:
216:Yoruba
212:
195:
178:
145:
140:ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ
123:
106:
103:Jeliba
87:Joliba
77:French
73:
7901:Lakes
7867:Mopti
7862:Segou
7699:Benin
7694:Niger
7624:S2CID
7357:–142.
7235:S2CID
7192:S2CID
7184:JSTOR
7000:S2CID
6886:"FAO"
6824:(PDF)
6603:. In
6425:(PDF)
6316:S2CID
6078:Notes
6021:Ségou
5960:Congo
5919:Pliny
5876:Ghana
5868:Sahel
5784:Libya
5752:Niger
5729:31.6
5719:Bale
5714:12.1
5699:62.3
5613:31.7
5513:27.2
5503:Sirba
5495:10.2
5463:10.2
5447:32.5
5388:55.6
5370:50.3
5352:10.5
5336:22.3
5302:26.7
5270:62.9
5254:11.6
5245:Kpan
5238:10.4
5197:Tama
5190:30.8
5172:86.6
5154:69.5
5138:25.3
5113:Awun
5106:27.5
5090:30.2
5074:15.9
5024:89.8
4992:16.6
4976:11.7
4930:Benue
4924:15.7
4908:28.9
4892:25.8
4860:48.9
4851:Otaw
4785:30.8
4769:73.1
4753:38.3
4743:Warri
4703:(km)
4697:(km)
4683:Left
4659:7,491
4645:3,058
4629:8,288
4615:2,877
4599:5,913
4585:4,270
4569:7,570
4555:5,312
4539:8,751
4525:5,215
4509:7,900
4495:5,510
4479:6,781
4465:5,636
4449:6,555
4435:4,662
4419:6,054
4405:5,136
4389:6,352
4375:5,848
4359:5,783
4345:5,275
4329:8,612
4315:3,698
4299:5,736
4285:4,489
4269:7,225
4255:5,360
4239:7,637
4225:6,229
4209:6,161
4195:7,927
4179:6,767
4165:6,558
4149:5,291
4135:5,812
4119:4,849
4105:6,545
4089:5,683
4075:5,914
4059:6,225
4045:6,128
4029:5,297
4015:6,764
3999:5,338
3985:7,101
3969:8,504
3955:4,912
3939:7,652
3925:6,707
3909:7,175
3895:5,228
3879:5,677
3865:4,828
3849:6,020
3835:7,769
3819:6,284
3805:5,394
3789:5,915
3775:8,247
3759:4,908
3745:7,733
3729:5,570
3715:6,405
3699:6,387
3685:5,674
3669:5,045
3655:6,662
3639:5,589
3625:4,755
3609:4,615
3595:5,849
3579:3,849
3565:6,427
3549:4,027
3535:6,258
3519:4,601
3505:4,824
3432:8,572
3426:270.5
3402:2018
3388:2017
3374:2016
3360:2015
3346:2014
3332:2013
3318:2012
3304:2011
3290:2010
3279:(km)
3271:Year
2752:33.2
2743:34.2
2720:47.4
2688:73.9
2624:21.6
2615:92.7
2592:90.4
2560:48.9
2528:70.6
2508:Mean
2499:Mean
2490:Mean
2422:69.5
2419:1950
2394:1950
2369:1967
2344:1907
2319:1907
2294:1945
2281:Ségou
2269:1945
2237:1922
2224:Mopti
2212:1924
2178:1975
2153:1947
2128:1949
2103:1929
2078:1929
2053:1929
2021:1970
1996:1970
1983:Jebba
1971:1914
1946:1914
1921:1914
1889:1914
1870:(km)
1861:Year
1852:(km)
1814:100.0
1791:25.7
1768:24.8
1754:Niger
1745:25.5
1593:Benin
1561:(km)
1555:(mm)
1437:Mopti
1429:Ségou
1366:Sahel
1333:Niger
1286:Niger
1195:كوَرَ
1191:Kwara
1187:Hausa
1177:Zarma
1104:Niger
1102:, in
1056:delta
1048:Benin
1044:Niger
960:Warri
936:Sirba
900:Benue
565:Depth
543:Width
454:Mouth
312:Benin
307:Niger
182:Hausa
175:Kwara
165:Zarma
7760:list
7689:Mali
7616:ISSN
7510:ISBN
7506:9–60
7484:ISBN
7466:ISBN
7435:ISBN
7384:2010
7324:ISBN
7227:ISSN
7176:ISSN
7108:PMID
7100:ISSN
7065:PMID
7047:ISSN
6992:ISSN
6953:PMID
6945:ISSN
6803:2023
6746:ISBN
6662:ISBN
6576:ISBN
6522:ISBN
6499:2021
6463:ISBN
6433:2018
6306:ISBN
6246:2018
6132:ISBN
6055:ha.
6046:for
6044:dams
5905:and
5899:Tuat
5841:yams
5807:and
5693:160
5683:251
5677:300
5665:188
5659:430
5655:Milo
5647:181
5641:570
5629:7.7
5607:210
5604:Fié
5591:679
5572:559
5562:Bani
5525:250
5507:439
5489:433
5479:5.5
5473:200
5457:260
5441:410
5429:4.4
5423:350
5404:5.6
5382:408
5364:254
5360:Sota
5346:250
5330:100
5314:628
5296:110
5286:9.8
5264:220
5232:100
5222:8.7
5203:900
5184:150
5166:300
5127:Eku
5100:125
5084:120
5081:Oyi
5052:113
5049:Oro
5036:575
5018:156
5002:175
4973:800
4967:Epu
4954:570
4921:927
4883:Ubo
4838:256
4813:205
4795:180
4747:100
4641:862
4611:862
4341:832
4311:839
4131:928
3951:979
3621:935
3591:842
3561:915
3501:788
3493:Max
3489:Mean
3485:Min
3482:Max
3478:Mean
3474:Min
3243:874
3234:748
3202:891
3176:135
3170:824
3138:999
3106:933
3103:174
3053:801
3050:107
3044:677
3014:974
3011:106
2991:958
2979:129
2959:752
2950:863
2947:104
2928:852
2917:137
2885:149
2866:801
2858:924
2832:170
2807:142
2787:945
2775:135
2755:925
2746:962
2723:855
2711:143
2691:856
2679:121
2659:890
2650:876
2647:120
2627:922
2595:796
2586:904
2583:177
2563:895
2551:140
2531:942
2519:149
2511:Max
2505:Min
2502:Max
2496:Min
2493:Max
2487:Min
2413:424
2397:232
2388:357
2372:919
2363:337
2338:316
2313:289
2288:280
2263:271
2231:261
2206:257
2199:Diré
2172:256
2147:245
2122:241
2097:176
2072:157
2047:156
2040:Gaya
2015:100
2012:900
1987:810
1962:600
1958:Baro
1952:182
1937:480
1927:204
1912:270
1895:250
1846:(m)
1771:280
1748:440
1731:Mali
1722:4.3
1699:1.0
1679:975
1676:0.9
1662:Chad
1653:3.9
1633:655
1630:3.4
1607:2.0
1584:8.5
1564:(%)
1506:and
1504:Mali
1394:silt
1238:Ijaw
1224:Igbo
1201:Nupe
1114:Fula
1072:Nile
1040:Mali
1002:-jər
967:The
948:Sota
928:Bani
920:Milo
302:Mali
274:Gher
233:Igbo
127:Fula
7877:Gao
7608:doi
7532:on
7355:130
7219:doi
7168:doi
7092:doi
7055:PMC
7039:doi
6984:doi
6935:doi
6298:doi
6212:doi
6182:FAO
6052:FAO
5724:80
5709:60
5623:80
5398:90
5280:75
5248:70
5216:80
5200:55
5162:Oli
5132:90
5122:81
5068:70
5058:71
4986:70
4970:80
4902:70
4886:70
4870:80
4854:40
4779:50
4763:40
4735:65
4729:60
3240:44
3231:55
3208:44
3199:66
3167:77
3144:58
3135:66
3112:10
3073:43
3041:77
2988:53
2956:53
2894:73
2855:92
2784:34
2656:59
2375:29
2350:43
2325:43
2300:42
2275:42
2243:55
2218:35
2184:30
2159:28
2140:Gao
2134:26
2109:28
2084:34
2059:34
2027:36
2002:46
1990:73
1977:74
1965:47
1940:34
1915:14
1819:690
1587:20
1508:Gao
1230:or
1218:Ọya
1214:Ọya
1205:Èdù
1171:Isa
1139:or
952:Oli
209:Ọya
37:on
8038::
7630:.
7622:.
7614:.
7604:18
7602:.
7598:.
7561:.
7508:,
7451:.
7403:.
7399:.
7337:^
7233:.
7225:.
7213:.
7190:.
7182:.
7174:.
7162:.
7150:^
7106:.
7098:.
7088:11
7086:.
7063:.
7053:.
7045:.
7037:.
7025:.
7021:.
6998:.
6990:.
6978:.
6974:.
6951:.
6943:.
6933:.
6923:28
6921:.
6917:.
6905:^
6888:.
6849:^
6832:^
6811:^
6768:.
6706:^
6689:.
6685:.
6631:.
6627:.
6589:^
6544:.
6489:.
6485:.
6461:,
6459:33
6408:^
6366:^
6349:.
6328:^
6314:.
6304:.
6283:^
6254:^
6236:.
6232:.
6210:.
6206:.
6194:^
6180:.
6176:.
6157:^
6140:.
6114:^
6097:.
6093:.
6031:,
6027:,
5863:.
5531:9
5206:4
2425:2
2400:7
1883:0
1880:0
1408:,
1240::
1226::
1212::
1203::
1189::
1179::
1169::
1154::
1130::
1116::
1086:.
1042:,
1009::
1005:;
1000:NY
990:ər
987:dʒ
984:aɪ
958:,
954:,
950:,
946:,
942:,
938:,
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:,
918:,
902:,
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