Nigger - Knowledge

434: 1008:". Starting in the following decade, colleges struggled with attempts to teach material about the slur in a sensitive manner. In 2012, a sixth grade Chicago teacher Lincoln Brown was suspended after repeating the contents of a racially charged note being passed around in class. Brown later filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the headmaster and the Chicago public schools. A New Orleans high school also experienced controversy in 2017. Such increased attention prompted Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor, the daughter of 719: 1372: 1689: 911:. The novel is written from the point of view, and largely in the language, of an uneducated white boy, who is drifting down the Mississippi River on a raft with an adult escaped slave, Jim. The word "nigger" is used (mostly about Jim) over 200 times. Twain's advocates note that the novel is composed in then-contemporary vernacular usage, not racist stereotype, because Jim, the black man, is a sympathetic character. 1073:

or reading a script). There is not a way to neutralize the emotion and history behind the word in any context. The use of the phrase 'N-word' was created as a euphemism, and the norm, with the intention of providing an acceptable replacement and moving people away from using the specific word. When a person violates this norm, it creates resentment, intense frustration, and great offense for many.

1158:. In 2022, in explaining why the employee did not receive any jail time, Grayson Kamm, a spokesman for Hillsborough State Attorney Andrew Warren, said "Two of the primary factors were the aggressive approach the victim took toward the defendant and everyone working with the defendant, and that the victim repeatedly used possibly the most aggressive and offensive term in the English language." 1889: 872: 2041:

appeared for the first time in a book published in 1771. The use of the Finnish equivalent ('neekeri') began in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, it was commonly used and generally not yet considered derogatory, although a few instances of it being considered to be so have been documented since

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but do not necessarily mean the same. In some of these languages, the words refer to the color black in general and are not specifically used to refer to black people. When used to refer to black people, these words have acquired varying degrees of offensiveness, ranging from completely neutral (as

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suggested that it continues to be unacceptable for non-blacks to utter while singing or rapping along to hip-hop, and that by being so restrained it gives white Americans (specifically) an impression of what it is like to not be entitled to "do anything they please, anywhere". A concern often raised

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In many African-American neighborhoods, nigga is simply the most common term used to refer to any male, of any race or ethnicity. Increasingly, the term has been applied to any person, male or female. "Where y'all niggas goin?" is said with no self-consciousness or animosity to a group of women, for

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For reasons common to the slave condition all slave classes displayed a lack of industrial initiative and produced the famous Lazy Nigger, who under Russian serfdom and elsewhere was white. Just as not all Blacks, even under the most degrading forms of slavery, consented to become niggers, so by no

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1). Here the word evokes a sense of community and oneness among Black people. Many teens I interviewed felt the word had no power when used amongst friends, but when used among white people the word took on a completely different meaning. In fact, comedian Alex Thomas on BET stated, "I still better

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Black listeners often react to the term differently, depending on whether it is used by white speakers or by black speakers. In the former case, it is regularly understood as insensitive or insulting; in the latter, it may carry notes of in-group disparagement, or it may be understood as neutral or

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in popular media like music and film have created some confusion as to whether or not there is ever a time when the use of the N-word is acceptable. For non-Black people, the word should not be spoken as there is almost no context in which it is appropriate or constructive (even when singing a song

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During the late 18th and early 19th century, the word "nigger" also described an actual labor category, which African American laborers adopted for themselves as a social identity, and thus white people used the descriptor word as a distancing or derogatory epithet, as if "quoting black people" and

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to "others than full or partial negroes" is "felt as an insult by the person described, & betrays in the speaker, if not deliberate insolence, at least a very arrogant inhumanity"; but the second edition (1965) states "N. has been described as 'the term that carries with it all the obloquy and

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illustrates the word in spoken form—the speaker here referring to himself: "Travler, marm, this niggur's no travler; I ar' a trapper, marm, a mountain-man, wagh!" It was not used as a term exclusively for blacks among mountain men during this period, as Indians, Mexicans, and Frenchmen and Anglos

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news, with the agreement of victim and family, mentioned the slur when reporting on a physical and verbal assault on the black NHS worker and musician K-Dogg. Within the week the BBC received over 18,600 complaints, the black radio host David Whitely resigned in protest, and the BBC apologized.

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Surveys from 2006 showed that the American public widely perceived usage of the term to be wrong or unacceptable, but that nearly half of whites and two-thirds of blacks knew someone personally who referred to blacks by the term. Nearly one-third of whites and two-thirds of blacks said they had

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Of course, no one considered himself a nigger. It was always something you called someone who could be considered anything less than you. I soon found out there were a few black families living in Old Colony. They'd lived there for years and everyone said that they were okay, that they weren't

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niggers but just black. It felt good to all of us to not be as bad as the hopeless people in D Street or, God forbid, the ones in Columbia Point, who were both black and niggers. But now I was jealous of the kids in Old Harbor Project down the road, which seemed like a step up from Old Colony

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writes that "this word is one of the most controversial in English, and is liable to be considered offensive or taboo in almost all contexts (even when used as a self-description)". Intra-group usage has been criticized by some contemporary Black American authors, a group of them (the

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defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race... His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of

238:) or "any person whose behavior is regarded as reprehensible". In some cases, with awareness of the word's offensive connotation, but without intention to cause offense, it can refer to a "victim of prejudice likened to that endured by African Americans" (as in 3305: 555: 513:, emphasizing that it was chosen in the South precisely because it was more offensive than "colored" or "negro". By the turn of the century, "colored" had become sufficiently mainstream that it was chosen as the racial self-identifier for the 517:(NAACP). In 2008 Carla Sims, its communications director, said "the term 'colored' is not derogatory, chose the word 'colored' because it was the most positive description commonly used . It's outdated and antiquated but not offensive." 833:

came under intense scrutiny for his conduct in 2008, he deviated from an address to the city council, saying, "In the past 30 days, I've been called a nigger more than any time in my entire life." Opponents accused him of "playing the

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came back from Africa, and decided to stop using the word onstage, he would sometimes start to slip up, because he was so used to speaking that way. It was the right word at the moment to keep the rhythm together in his sentence

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from the mid-18th century onward, and "degenerated into an overt slur" by the middle of the 19th century. Some authors still used the term in a neutral sense up until the later part of the 20th century, at which point the use of

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has historically "wreaked symbolic violence, often accompanied by physical violence", it began to disappear from general popular culture from the second part of the 20th century onward, with the exception of cases derived from

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after students protested his utterance of "nigger" and a professor at DePaul had his law course cancelled after 80% of the enrolled students transferred out. Instead of pursuing disciplinary action, a student at the

4198: 2154:. The first one is the most historically attested and was the most commonly used until the 1960s as an equivalent of the English word "negro". It was gradually felt as offensive during the 1970s and replaced with 1358:

is whether frequent exposure will inevitably lead to a dilution of the extremely negative perception of the word among the majority of non-black Americans who currently consider its use unacceptable and shocking.

4324: 3302: 3423: 1724:, used the word as a metaphor for what he saw as the role forced on students. Farber had been, at the time, frequently arrested as a civil rights activist while beginning his career as a literature professor. 4262: 1114:

was suspended and replaced with a guest host after she attended a meeting on racial justice and, in the process of quoting a journalist, used "a word that no-one like me should ever use". In August 2020,

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view its use as offensive; one says "I'm really not such an idiot that I don't realize that if a man calls me a nigger, it's his fault the first time, but mine if he has the opportunity to do it again."

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punched a 77-year-old white customer after the customer had repeatedly called the employee a nigger. The customer fell to the floor and hit his head. Three days later, he died, having suffered a

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In the 2010s, "nigger" in its various forms saw use with increasing frequency by African Americans amongst themselves or in self-expression, the most common swear word in hip hop music lyrics.

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consideration every song whose lyrics contain the word; however, Ron Roecker, vice president of communication for the Recording Academy, doubted it will have any effect on actual nominations.

5537: 514: 5464: 4477: 3958: 4094: 5494: 1808:". The slur usually remains uncensored on radio stations, but Costello's usage of the word came under scrutiny, particularly after he used racial slurs during a drunken argument with 4148: 3753: 1708:

also include non-black/non-white and other disadvantaged people. Some of these terms are self-chosen, to identify with the oppression and resistance of black Americans; others are

551:; the original had been called "the ugliest conceivable title" in a British review and American reviewers understood the change as reflecting American "refinement" and "prudery." 4859: 2042:

the 1950s; by the mid-1990s the word was considered racist, especially in the metropolitan area and among the younger population. It has since then usually been replaced by the

3089: 1239:. As of 2001, trends indicated that usage of the term in intragroup settings is increasing even amongst white youth, due to the popularity of rap and hip hop culture. Linguist 3880: 4560: 4040: 1527:

refused to say the actual word, calling it "the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language". Media personnel who reported on Fuhrman's testimony substituted

1068:, fired his chief communications officer, Jonathan Friedland, for using the word twice during internal discussions about sensitive words. In explaining why, Hastings wrote: 4194: 2406:

Whether this usage is considered acceptable may depend on a sense of the speaker's in-group belonging, as judged by the speaker him- or herself, the listener(s), or others.

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is always a slur, arguing that it is also used as a marker of camaraderie and friendship, comparable to the British and Australian term "mate" or the American "buddy".

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in older literature has become controversial because of the word's modern meaning as a racist insult. One of the most enduring controversies has been the word's use in

5797: 3415: 4253: 4450: 3573: 2915: 8537: 4972: 3813: 3534: 2804: 5636: 4392: 2369: 751: 5003: 1482:], his voice trembling, added that the "N-word" was so vile he would not utter it. "It's the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language." 5110: 5044: 4221: 4067: 3024: 2558: 2046:'musta' ('black '). In a survey conducted in 2000, Finnish respondents considered the term 'Neekeri' to be among the most offensive of minority designations. 4530: 4117: 4798: 4608:

Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s).

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The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: A Textbook/Workbook for Thought, Speech, and/or Action, for Victims of Racism (white supremacy)

4013: 2761: 4828: 3911: 3059: 2435: 864:. Magazines and newspapers typically do not use this word but instead print censored versions such as "n*gg*r", "n**ger", "n——" or "the N-word"; see 3837: 727: 5529: 8567: 8056: 5472: 4358: 785: 4473: 1081:

turned down a job after his human resources department took issue with him using the word to describe racism that he experienced as a black man.

5210: 3942: 5941: 5688: 5229: 2362: 1649: 337:) was a word for a dark-skinned individual. The earliest known published use of the term dates from 1574, in a work alluding to "the Nigers of 4090: 2264:) has been commonly used as neutral word to describe black people until recent years. It can also be used as a synonym for underpaid worker, " 6264: 6244: 6220: 5910: 5849: 5830: 5807: 5600: 5511: 5366: 4966: 4915: 4171: 3992: 3952: 3606: 3567: 3528: 3136: 2946: 2798: 2721: 2682: 2617: 2592: 1028: 5501: 3643: 4140: 3761: 587: 442: 807:(1968), about the front-line lot of the U.S. Army black soldier in combat in Vietnam. An Ali biographer reports that, when interviewed by 560: 543: 3612: 2688: 195:), which they see as contributing to the "construction of an identity founded on self-hate". In wider society, the inclusion of the word 8042: 4655: 2727: 1739: 1399:, as a descriptive term (lit. 'black person's head'). It also is or was a colloquial technical term in industry, mining, and seafaring. 596:

contempt and rejection which whites have inflicted on blacks'". The quoted formula goes back to the writings of the American journalist

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all suspended professors in 2019 over referring to the word "nigger" by name in classroom settings. In two other cases, a professor at

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English professor Neal A. Lester created what has been called "the first ever college-level class designed to explore the word 'nigger

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offered to reinstate Howard to his former position. Howard refused reinstatement but took a job elsewhere in the mayor's government.

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and taken as offensive. In January 1999, David Howard, a white Washington, D.C., city employee, was compelled to resign after using

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music cultures and is used as part of an in-group lexicon and speech. It is not necessarily derogatory and is often used to mean

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perspective to the study of power, class, and relations between planters and slaves in the South, uses the word pointedly in

1272: 899: 881: 755: 632: 4921: 3492: 3445: 3014:"A new version of an old song. Illustrating the growth of Public Sentiment [Old John Brown, he had a little nigger]" 1660:—in a financial context—while speaking with black colleagues, who took umbrage. After reviewing the misunderstanding, Mayor 4442: 3731: 5822: 5614: 4958: 2907: 2081: 1516: 1103: 708: 5718: 4743: 3821: 3666:"Res. No. 693-A – Resolution declaring the NYC Council's symbolic moratorium against using the "N" word in New York City" 2962: 6711: 6669: 3854: 908: 5077: 4721: 4384: 433: 105: 6950: 5981: 5411: 5372: 232:

has also been historically used to designate "any person considered to be of low social status" (as in the expression

143:(), meaning "black". It was initially seen as a relatively neutral term, essentially synonymous with the English word 5567: 4995: 4507: 3269: 8557: 7926: 5934: 5100: 4063: 3449: 3240: 3189: 1675: 1423:, records the usages of both "nigger" and the similar-sounding word "niggard" denoting a false bottom for a grate. 975: 747: 494: 109: 5334:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. pp. 170, 365. 5026: 3359: 3013: 2550: 1263:

is evaluatively neutral in terms of its inherent meaning; it may express positive, neutral, or negative attitudes;

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The word's usage in literature has led to it being a point of discussion in university lectures as well. In 2008,

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Brontsema, Robin (June 1, 2004). "A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation".

3980: 2891: 1508: 971: 847: 483: 342: 183: 1444:('White' + 'nigger') denotes a white person emulating "street Black behavior", hoping to gain acceptance to the 8532: 8466: 5902: 1729: 1335:, then the rhythmic presentation is off. That rhythmic language is a form of historical memory for Black people 1001: 506: 455: 127: 4415: 2753: 5495:"Tabela 1.2 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situação do domicílio e o sexo – Brasil – 2009" 4009: 3692: 7247: 7136: 7114: 6818: 6248: 6224: 6059: 1906: 1899: 1549: 525: 59: 55: 3051: 2427: 1674:

is the Spanish word for black, and is commonly a part of place names and proper names, particularly in the

8562: 8169: 7274: 6729: 3381: 2840: 1851: 1580: 1576: 1407:", a US slave-era phrase denoting escaped slaves hiding in train-transported woodpiles. In the 1840s, the 1404: 1376: 1240: 1173: 459: 171: 3834: 1743: 8101: 6859: 5927: 2784: 2215: 1720: 1045: 815: 615: 393: 4350: 5749: 5207: 2326:

is a word for "black" but it is being used in a derogatory manner in a similar way as the word nigger.

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as mainstream American English usage to denote black-skinned Americans of African ancestry. President

7354: 6800: 6489: 6094: 6016: 5950: 2349: 2339: 1036: 762: 150: 5680: 5530:"G1 > Edição Rio de Janeiro – NOTÍCIAS – Sou incapaz de qualquer atitude racista, diz procurador" 5226: 2908:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North" 2864:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North" 1867:

as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that

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The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past

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There's a certain rhythmic seduction to the word. If you speak in a sentence, and you have to say

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used this meaning to degrade the people considered to be of lower status, whether white or black.

738:. "Seymour friends meet here" in the background is a reference to the Democratic Party candidate: 8352: 7374: 5876: 5630: 5148: 5031: 4954: 3351: 3232: 3181: 2883: 2531: 1968: 1793: 1751: 1693: 1524: 1489: 1479: 1276: 822:; however, there is no penalty for using it. This formal resolution also requests excluding from 758: 389: 7315: 5592:

Tolkovyĭ slovarʹ russkogo i︠a︡zyka: okolo 100 000 slov, terminov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazheniĭ

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Allan, Keith (November 2015). "When is a slur not a slur? The use of nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".

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Anti-abolitionist cartoon from the 1860 presidential campaign illustrating colloquial usage of "

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describes the term as "perhaps the most offensive and inflammatory racial slur in English". The

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Rahman, Jacquelyn (2012). "The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community".

7452: 6653: 5906: 5845: 5826: 5803: 5606: 5596: 5401: 5362: 5335: 5188: 5036: 4962: 4911: 4599: 3988: 3948: 3602: 3596: 3563: 3557: 3524: 3482: 3343: 3224: 3173: 3142: 3132: 2942: 2794: 2717: 2678: 2672: 2653: 2613: 2588: 2523: 2235: 1942: 1409: 1128: 726:, arguing the reason Democrats objected to African-Americans having the vote was that, in the 619: 274: 210: 175: 4948: 3518: 3112: 2788: 2711: 1016:, to give a talk opining that the word was leading to a "social crisis" in higher education. 8217: 8201: 7688: 7558: 7542: 6786: 6108: 6043: 5868: 5434: 5140: 4794: 4694: 4591: 3393: 3335: 3124: 3018: 2875: 2645: 2515: 2319: 2307: 2247: 2133: 2127: 2038: 2028: 1958: 1951: 1805: 1667: 1614: 1589: 1427: 1371: 1354: 1084:

While defending Laurie Sheck, a professor who was cleared of ethical violations for quoting

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is also used casually and fraternally among African Americans, most commonly in the form of

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by mixed-race individuals is still largely considered taboo, albeit not as inflammatory as

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alike could be a "niggur". "The noun slipped back and forth from derogatory to endearing."

8452: 8390: 7602: 7071: 7048: 5793: 5283: 5233: 5214: 5132: 4557:"Florida Dunkin' employee is sentenced for fatally punching customer who used racist slur" 3841: 3514: 3309: 3273: 2749: 2087: 2049: 1831: 1813: 1458: 1219:

is still debated, although it has established a foothold amongst younger generations. The

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class presentation which argued that her use of the word in a lecture was not justified.

4118:"The original Emory Law School N-word using professor faces hearing on his future today" 3791: 2989: 2080:. The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana 1827:, and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt". 1296:... I hear a white boy say that to me, it means 'White boy, you gonna get your ass beat. 765:—an African-American presidential advisor—as a guest. The poem reappeared in 1929 after 8442: 8231: 8211: 8091: 8062: 8035: 7865: 7855: 7718: 7672: 7289: 7263: 7166: 6957: 6617: 6411: 6334: 6302: 6052: 4632: 4416:"Western University professor apologizes after student calls out his use of the n-word" 4380: 4254:"College student delivers presentation to call out professor for using n-word in class" 4222:"Professor formerly under fire for use of 'N-word' in teaching exercise back at DePaul" 3726: 3036: 2636:

Allan, Keith (2015). "When is a Slur Not a Slur? The Use of Nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".

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Pietikäinen, Sari (2002). "Etniset vähemmistöt uutisissa". In Raittila, Pentti (ed.).

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Rasismi lasten ja nuorten arjessa: Transnationaalit juuret ja monikulttuuristuva Suomi

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The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States

458:, the word was spelled "niggur", and is often recorded in the literature of the time. 8526: 8373: 8265: 8145: 7962: 7920: 7849: 7654: 7338: 7321: 7024: 6496: 6397: 6369: 6288: 6199: 6148: 6101: 5247: 5185:

Green Egg Omelette: An Anthology of Art and Articles from the Legendary Pagan Journal

5168: 4346: 4317:"Read the Netflix CEO's excellent memo about firing an executive who used the N-word" 3128: 2887: 2826: 2535: 2276:) means ghostwriter. Nowadays, a black person would often be described neutrally as " 2253: 2227: 1818: 1595: 1519:—who denied using racist language on duty—impeached himself with his prolific use of 1453: 1431: 1340: 1099: 1091: 1078: 1065: 1013: 1009: 662: 538: 534: 153:(16th–19th century) often conveyed a merely patronizing attitude. The word took on a 690:, without irony, either to neutralize the word's impact or as a sign of solidarity. 8301: 7344: 6878: 6868: 6807: 6697: 6517: 6390: 6279: 4933: 4907:

The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States

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ever called me nigger." Later, his modified answer was the title of a documentary,

796: 788:. The identity of the author—who used the byline "unchained poet"—remains unknown. 601: 554: 463: 446: 414: 411: 407: 234: 215: 82: 7427: 5288: 4698: 2649: 642: 4905: 4474:"CBC host Wendy Mesley apologizes for using a certain word in discussion on race" 3476: 3397: 2991:

Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation

2007:('negro') used to be neutral, but many now consider it to be avoided in favor of 1781:, ethnic slurs against Native Americans, are examples of the racist extension of 8179: 7842: 7785: 7420: 7222: 7159: 7092: 7003: 6989: 6916: 6752: 6404: 6087: 3717: 2289: 2067: 1888: 1868: 1789: 1760: 1709: 1449: 1435: 1312: 1049: 1040: 811:

in 1966, the boxer actually said, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong."

723: 637: 636:(1785), but "black" had not been widely used until the later 20th century. (See 582: 467: 239: 78: 40: 4623: 1098:

wrote that efforts to condemn racist language by white Americans had undergone

8319: 8273: 8269: 8163: 7998: 7956: 7582: 7395: 7208: 6885: 6848: 6690: 6510: 6376: 6134: 6066: 5710: 5610: 4829:"Profanity in lyrics: most used swear words and their usage by popular genres" 4747: 4531:"Tampa Dunkin' case: A racial slur, a fatal punch and 2 years of house arrest" 4195:"Professor cancels course on hate speech amid contention over his use of slur" 2966: 2380: 2354: 1701: 1565: 1384: 894: 876: 676:, an early-1970s popular usage. Some Black Americans continue to use the word 670: 520: 357: 200: 154: 5040: 4603: 3347: 3228: 3177: 2657: 2527: 2519: 1275:, a cable network aimed at a Black audience, described the word nigger as a " 600:, who used it in several writings between 1963 and 1975. Black characters in 8345: 7965: 7895: 7819: 7666: 7612: 7504: 6780: 6355: 6308: 6169: 5988: 5067: 4713: 1856: 1824: 1629: 1557: 1553: 1504: 835: 338: 139: 123: 90: 5590: 5395: 5356: 4141:"Universities repeatedly discipline professors for referring to the n-word" 3146: 3123:(10). James R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition): 11,13,127,139,219. 722:

Historical American cartoon titled "Why the nigger is not fit to vote", by

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Worth, Robert F. (Fall 1995). "Nigger Heaven and the Harlem Renaissance".

5559: 4499: 4091:"Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor says use of the N-word is causing social crisis" 3117:

Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

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Rastas, Anna (2007). "Neutraalisti rasistinen? Erään sanan politiikkaa".

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Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language

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said "woman is the nigger of the world;" three years later, her husband,

1756: 1584: 800: 191:) calling for the total abandonment of its usage (even under the variant 4852:"Ta-Nehisi Coates Gently Explains Why White People Can't Rap the N-Word" 4654:

Aldridge, Kevin; Thompson, Richelle; Winston, Earnest (August 5, 2001).

3236: 3212: 3185: 3161: 2914:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College: 203–245, especially 206 f. 1500: 8507: 8486: 8480: 8406: 8289: 8282: 8247: 8079: 8008: 7877: 7712: 7642: 7552: 7459: 7413: 6738: 6473: 6463: 6383: 6318: 6238: 6203: 6080: 5880: 5152: 4774: 4595: 3355: 3323: 1913: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1872: 1835: 1445: 1201: 1102:. Similar controversies outside the United States have occurred at the 1061: 490: 162:

became increasingly controversial regardless of its context or intent.

5650: 5135:(Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations". 4443:"Students, professor use 'N-word' during class at SU's Madrid program" 3814:"Academic Resources: Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word" 2863: 2830: 907:

was the fifth most challenged book during the 1990s, according to the

871: 454:

their non-standard language. During the early 1800s to the late 1840s

8501: 8435: 8383: 8254: 7992: 7812: 7778: 7753: 7522: 7229: 7215: 7194: 7173: 7152: 7065: 7058: 7017: 6996: 6971: 6910: 6773: 6766: 6624: 6603: 6524: 6479: 6443: 6429: 6341: 6324: 6295: 6189: 6141: 6073: 2713:

Bestial Traces:Race, Sexuality, Animality: Race, Sexuality, Animality

2183: 1440: 1148: 5872: 5144: 4286:"Netflix Fires Chief Communications Officer Over Use of Racial Slur" 3339: 1945:, have words that sound similar to or share etymological roots with 1749:

In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine

5842:

New Amsterdam Gehenna: Segregated Death in New York City, 1630–1801

2316:

is the word for "black" and is the only way to refer to that color.

1816:

in 1979. In the same year, Costello's father published a letter in

829:

The word can be invoked politically for effect. When Detroit mayor

8427: 8416: 8366: 8335: 8240: 8115: 8049: 7983: 7932: 7902: 7792: 7760: 7568: 7486: 7283: 7201: 7187: 7180: 7042: 7010: 6759: 6568: 6457: 6362: 6348: 6258: 6195: 6126: 6115: 6002: 5974: 2077: 1687: 1370: 1220: 1192: 1167: 928: 870: 861: 717: 682: 553: 432: 318: 255: 145: 134: 118: 47: 36: 32: 5819:

Household Words: Bloomers, Sucker, Bombshell, Scab, Nigger, Cyber

1847:

means all or even most of the niggers in history have been Black.

1456:

wrote of the antecedents of this phenomenon in 1957 in his essay

640:, and, in the context of worldwide anti-colonialism initiatives, 8328: 8308: 8138: 8072: 8026: 7596: 6683: 6596: 6582: 6540: 2122: 1643: 1434:, then to white people sympathetic towards black Americans. The 471: 5923: 5919: 5746:«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario 4064:"School reflects on race after student-teacher N-word exchange" 3944:

Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous

3912:"The 'n'-word gone from Huck Finn – what would Mark Twain say?" 2834: 2831:"Chapter 8. American Spelling > 2. The Influence of Webster" 2120:

is used for any man in general, regardless of skin color (like

8400: 8131: 8108: 8015: 7735: 7728: 7236: 6841: 6827: 6023: 1882: 1507:

by a major public figure came during the racially contentious

1197: 1116: 2384:

with a plot revolving around the word's extreme offensiveness

482:

By 1859 the term was clearly used to offend, in an attack on

277:

words for 'black', including the Spanish and Portuguese word

5589:

Ozhegov, Sergeĭ Ivanovich.; Ожегов, Сергей Иванович (2014).

5512:"Evolutio da populaco brasileira, segundo a cor – 1872/1991" 4714:"Perspectives: A View of the 'N-Word' from Sociolinguistics" 591:, states in the first edition (1926) that applying the word 5741: 5441:(in Finnish) (1/2001). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. 493:" or "negro" became a respectful alternative. In 1851, the 2225: 2219: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2019:('little black one') can be amicably or offensively used. 1964:). Examples of related words in other languages include: 661:", and was adopted by major media outlets. Moreover, as a 614:

By the late 1960s, the social change brought about by the

515:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

1259:

the routine purpose of obtaining information. The point:

4172:"Professor won't teach more classes after saying N-word" 2172:

was considered a better translation of the English word

1523:

in tape recordings about his police work. Co-prosecutor

730:, African-Americans voted for the Republican candidates 396:

in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name

3299:

Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change

2218:" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians. 470:. "Niggur" was evidently similar to the modern use of " 4772:(November 2007). "Cornel West Talks Rhymes and Race". 1732:: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec "Terrorist" 936:

in the hope of "countering the 'pre-emptive censorship

8472:

usually Indigenous, regarded as primitive/uncivilized

5560:"negrotei - definiție Argou și paradigmă - dexonline" 5400:. Tampere: Tampere University Press. pp. 25–26. 4500:"BBC apologises over racial slur used in news report" 3082:"Lohan calls Obama 'colored', NAACP says no big deal" 1613:(black), used in biologic and anatomic names such as 699:

personally used the term within the last five years.

2839:(2nd rev. and enl. ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf. 2130:). Haitian Creole derives predominantly from French. 2115: 2037:('negro/nigger'), as a loan word ('Neger') from the 533:, but used the term "negro" when writing in his own 8318: 8264: 8230: 8155: 8025: 7982: 7912: 7887: 7829: 7802: 7770: 7745: 7629: 7514: 7496: 7469: 7437: 7405: 7387: 7273: 7246: 7144: 7135: 7106: 7084: 7034: 6981: 6942: 6933: 6902: 6858: 6817: 6728: 6661: 6652: 6645: 6421: 6278: 6179: 6042: 6033: 5966: 3478:

Presidents and Black America: A Documentary History

1979:, is considered a neutral word for black people in 509:documented the "opprobrious" character of the word 209:) and in more recent cultural productions (such as 8294:(sometimes used against other semi-nomadic groups) 5898:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why 5742:"negro, negra | Diccionario de la lengua española" 4252: 2754:"Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word" 2610:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why 5361:(in Finnish). Tampere: Tampere University Press. 5166:McManus, Ross (June 14, 1979). "Elvis Costello". 5068:"N-word: The troubled history of the racial slur" 4385:"The idea that white's can't refer to the N-word" 3754:"100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999" 549:The Children of the Sea: A Tale of the Forecastle 547:(1897); in the United States, it was released as 5799:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 3693:"Attorney General Cox: Kilpatrick should resign" 3520:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 2671:Patricia T. O'Conner; Stewart Kellerman (2010). 2585:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 2551:"Opinion | How the N-Word Became Unsayable" 1568:(used as bird feed), sometimes use the spelling 1279:". "In the African American community, the word 786:a tea for congressmen's wives at the White House 529:(1883), used the term within quotes, indicating 402:(Cemetery of the Negro). An early occurrence of 364:in describing the African slaves shipped to the 5332:Vanhat sanat: Vanhan kirjasuomen ensiesiintymiä 3855:"New Huckleberry Finn edition censors 'n-word'" 3598:Muhammad Ali: Trickster in the Culture of Irony 3324:"Nella Larsen's Passing and the Fading Subject" 1844: 1633: 1476: 1317: 1269: 1256: 1070: 984: 5320:, Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse taal, 2010 5101:"D.C. Mayor Acted 'Hastily', Will Rehire Aide" 4618: 4616: 3636:"New York city council bans use of the N-word" 3384:(June 2007). "The pragmatics of connotation". 2677:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 134. 2370:List of topics related to the African diaspora 2239: 1403:as "defect" (a hidden problem), derives from " 1139:. The employee was arrested, and charged with 932:. The change was spearheaded by Twain scholar 541:published a novella in Britain with the title 225:) has sparked controversy and ongoing debate. 5935: 3265:. Oxford University Press, 1965. Compare the 2311: 2299: 2293: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2251: 2177: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2032: 653:" was advanced analogously to such terms as " 290: 278: 54:"N-word" redirects here. For other uses, see 8: 3162:"Racism and "The Nigger of the "Narcissus""" 2288:, 'black-skinned'), though the organization 2103: 2097: 2091: 2071: 2061: 2053: 1215:Acceptance of intra-group usage of the word 302: 296: 284: 3211:RUDE, DONALD W.; DAVIS, KENNETH W. (1992). 2020: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1608: 1602: 1543: 1511:in 1995. Key prosecution witness Detective 780:, the wife of African-American congressman 397: 349:was recorded two centuries later, in 1775. 321: 312: 7141: 6939: 6658: 6649: 6039: 5942: 5928: 5920: 5635:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3475:Jones, Stephen A.; Freedman, Eric (2011). 2587:. Pantheon Books. pp. 36–37, 91–111. 2345:List of ethnic group names used as insults 1796:". One year later in 1979, English singer 974:describes how many white residents of the 5137:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 4996:"Issue of Racism Erupts in Simpson Trial" 3409: 3407: 3301:. Harvard University Press, 1989, p. 88 ( 2906:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). 2862:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). 2790:The Assassination of the Black Male Image 1983:. Some publications and institutions use 1929:Learn how and when to remove this message 1871:were treated badly by other parts of the 1624:(miserly) is etymologically unrelated to 1196:. This usage has been popularized by the 959:the term is used in such examples as the 865: 345:, the first derogatory usage of the term 5208:Waarom wil je ons zo graag neger noemen? 2076:. Some white Frenchmen have the surname 1742:leader, refers to the oppression of the 1388: 1383:In several English-speaking countries, " 1252:Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 2006 818:symbolically banned the use of the word 630:had used this word of his slaves in his 329:In its original English-language usage, 283:('black') and the now-pejorative French 7072:Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians 5617:from the original on September 15, 2024 5540:from the original on September 12, 2022 5375:from the original on September 15, 2024 4975:from the original on September 15, 2024 4924:from the original on September 15, 2024 4882:The Oxford English Reference Dictionary 4746:. Wrt-intertext.syr.edu. Archived from 4724:from the original on September 27, 2014 4712:Spears, Dr. Arthur K. (July 12, 2006). 4537:from the original on September 23, 2022 4361:from the original on September 21, 2019 4232:from the original on September 24, 2019 4170:Flaherty, Colleen (November 18, 2019). 4151:from the original on September 29, 2019 3646:from the original on September 15, 2024 3615:from the original on September 15, 2024 3576:from the original on September 15, 2024 3537:from the original on September 15, 2024 3495:from the original on September 15, 2024 2807:from the original on September 15, 2024 2419: 2399: 2096:is dated and now considered offensive. 2060:is now considered derogatory. Although 1548:(Latin for "black") occurs in Latinate 1287:) brings out feelings of pride." (Davis 1060:In 2018, the head of the media company 474:" or "guy". This passage from Ruxton's 406:in American English dates from 1625 in 89:have been increasingly replaced by the 85:. Starting in the 1990s, references to 8538:African-American-related controversies 5628: 5299:from the original on December 20, 2016 5080:from the original on February 10, 2021 4994:Noble, Kenneth B. (January 14, 1995). 4453:from the original on November 23, 2019 4395:from the original on November 11, 2019 4097:from the original on December 18, 2019 4070:from the original on November 12, 2020 4043:from the original on December 15, 2021 4037:"Can educators ever teach the N-word?" 4016:from the original on December 10, 2019 3985:All Souls: A Family Story from Southie 3961:from the original on September 8, 2024 3941:Coleman, Gabriella (October 6, 2015). 3481:. Los Angeles: CQ Press. p. 349. 3058:. Seattle, Wash.: Republican Pub. Co. 3052:"They Are Only "Niggers" in the South" 2764:from the original on November 23, 2017 2363:Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word 1430:, "nigger lover" initially applied to 1349:2010s: increase in use and controversy 456:fur trade in the Western United States 199:in classic works of literature (as in 5752:from the original on December 7, 2022 5445:from the original on December 4, 2019 5263:from the original on December 2, 2016 5099:Woodlee, Yolanda (February 4, 1999). 4441:Leffert, Catherine (March 13, 2019). 4422:from the original on November 5, 2019 4414:Lebel, Jacquelyn (October 28, 2019). 4089:Moulton, Cyrus (September 19, 2019). 3601:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 105–107. 3362:from the original on February 6, 2022 3243:from the original on February 6, 2022 3192:from the original on February 6, 2022 3092:from the original on January 10, 2018 3050:Johnson, Clifton (October 14, 1904). 2843:from the original on February 6, 2006 2730:from the original on October 16, 2019 2691:from the original on October 16, 2019 2438:from the original on January 18, 2024 1487:— Kenneth B. Noble, January 14, 1995 1179:affectionate, a possible instance of 1039:decided to stop teaching a course on 1029:Southern Connecticut State University 703:In names of people, places and things 503:Colored People of Boston and vicinity 133:The origin of the word lies with the 7: 5721:from the original on January 3, 2023 5661:from the original on August 18, 2022 5113:from the original on August 20, 2008 4910:. Intercultural Press. p. 166. 4563:from the original on August 14, 2022 4510:from the original on August 31, 2020 4035:Kaminer, Wendy (February 21, 2012). 3426:from the original on August 16, 2018 3263:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 3027:from the original on January 1, 2023 2631: 2629: 2578: 2576: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2070:, it has largely been supplanted by 1911:adding citations to reliable sources 1773:, an ethnic slur against Arabs, and 1696:referring to Arabs as "sand-niggers" 1292:not hear no white boy say that to me 1154:, and was sentenced to two years of 1127:, a 27-year-old black employee at a 914:In 2011, a new edition published by 885:, captioned "Misto Bradish's nigger" 793:conscripted to fight the Vietnam War 588:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 429:18th- and 19th-century United States 386:metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian 341:, bearing witnes". According to the 6872:(to Japan-affiliated Korean people) 5691:from the original on April 17, 2021 5414:from the original on April 17, 2021 4950:Huckleberry Finn as idol and target 4284:Mele, Christopher (June 23, 2018). 4201:from the original on March 15, 2020 3922:from the original on April 30, 2021 3853:Page, Benedicte (January 5, 2011). 3456:from the original on March 31, 2023 2918:from the original on March 14, 2023 2894:from the original on April 15, 2023 1162:Intra-group versus intergroup usage 1110:. In June 2020, Canadian news host 1106:in Canada and the Madrid campus of 805:No Vietnamese Ever Called Me Nigger 46:For the colloquial slang term, see 6951:American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD) 5570:from the original on June 12, 2023 5397:Etnisyys ja rasismi journalismissa 5066:Wilson, Cherry (October 4, 2020). 5047:from the original on June 11, 2024 5025:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021). 5006:from the original on March 8, 2021 4884:(2nd ed.). 1996. p. 981. 4718:Diverse Issues in Higher Education 4480:from the original on June 10, 2020 4472:Calabrese, Darren (June 9, 2020). 4327:from the original on June 23, 2018 4296:from the original on June 23, 2018 4265:from the original on June 20, 2022 4193:Dwyer, Colin (February 13, 2018). 3910:Kehe, Marjorie (January 5, 2011). 3734:from the original on July 21, 2015 3672:from the original on March 8, 2022 3062:from the original on July 21, 2011 2793:. Simon and Schuster. p. 82. 2716:. Fordham Univ Press. p. 91. 2561:from the original on June 11, 2024 2549:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021). 1864:Encyclopedia of American Religions 752:an October 1901 White House dinner 558:The US edition of Joseph Conrad's 206:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 25: 8553:Anti-African and anti-black slurs 5027:"How the N-Word Became Unsayable" 4862:from the original on May 24, 2019 4809:from the original on May 12, 2019 4139:Stein, Matthew (April 11, 2019). 4062:O'Sullivan, Donie (May 5, 2017). 3987:. Random House, Inc. p. 61. 3414:Tesler, Michael (June 25, 2015). 2937:Ruxton, George Frederick (1846). 1416:London Labour and the London Poor 1308:by black people, philosopher and 1267:Kevin Cato, meanwhile, observes: 1250:According to Arthur K. Spears in 1077:The following year, screenwriter 961:Gay Nigger Association of America 180:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 149:. Early attested uses during the 8458:Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia 4947:Arac, Jonathan (November 1997). 4850:Bain, Marc (November 13, 2017). 4584:Colorado Research in Linguistics 4315:Landy, Heather (June 23, 2018). 4251:Harvard, Sarah (March 7, 2019). 4220:Lee, Ella (September 23, 2019). 4116:Patrice, Joe (October 4, 2019). 4010:"Straight talk about the N-word" 3788:The Complete Works of Mark Twain 3784:"Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn" 3760:. March 27, 2013. Archived from 3634:Pilkington, Ed (March 1, 2007). 3261:Henry W. Fowler, Ernest Gowers: 3129:10.1097/00001888-200010000-00016 3023:. November 10, 1859. p. 3. 2941:. University of Oklahoma Press. 2468:Oxford English Dictionary Online 2232:are always extremely pejorative. 1887: 1392: 791:In explaining his refusal to be 244:Woman Is the Nigger of the World 27:Racial slur against black people 7446:Cheese-eating surrender monkeys 5844:. Brooklyn: Noir Verite Press. 5711:"Почему плохо говорить «негр»?" 5657:(in Russian). August 29, 2000. 5469:, 12 ottobre 2012 [IT]" 5435:"Etnisten nimitysten eri sävyt" 5187:. New Page Books. p. 209. 4831:. Musixmatch. December 16, 2015 3879:Twain, Mark (January 7, 2011). 3160:GOONETILLEKE, D.C.R.A. (2011). 2376:With Apologies to Jesse Jackson 1898:needs additional citations for 1840:The World the Slaveholders Made 860:has generally rendered its use 106:mentioned but not directly used 8568:Ethnonyms of African Americans 8043:Jewish-American princess (JAP) 4351:"Why I quit the writer's room" 3691:French, Ron (March 13, 2008). 2710:Peterson, Christopher (2013). 2508:Journal of English Linguistics 2214:can be offensive or at least " 1941:Other languages, particularly 1785:upon other non-white peoples. 1676:Southwest of the United States 1607:is the Latin feminine form of 1579:sounds similar to the English 1273:Black Entertainment Television 1147:, the employee pled guilty to 1048:challenged his professor in a 1019:In addition to Smith College, 900:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 882:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 838:" to save his political life. 795:(1955–75), professional boxer 633:Notes on the State of Virginia 505:. Writing in 1904, journalist 466:" lexicon, without pejorative 122:, whose spelling reflects the 1: 7948:eastern and central europeans 7322:English-speaking Welsh people 5823:University of Minnesota Press 5777:The Oxford English Dictionary 5717:(in Russian). April 8, 2019. 4959:University of Wisconsin Press 4699:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001 3916:The Christian Science Monitor 3448:. Theodore Roosevelt Center, 3297:). Compare Harold R. Isaacs: 2868:Journal of the Early Republic 2650:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001 2108:("colored ") is more neutral. 1740:Front de libération du Québec 1517:Los Angeles Police Department 1104:University of Western Ontario 750:" was written in reaction to 728:1868 US presidential election 709:Use of nigger in proper names 561:The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 544:The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 523:, in the autobiographic book 5802:. New York: Pantheon Books. 3562:. Columbia UP. p. 341. 3523:. Random House. p. 28. 3446:"Niggers in the White House" 3398:10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004 2963:"Language of the Rendezvous" 2066:was the standard term for a 1583:, occurring in biologic and 909:American Library Association 8353:Fresh off the boat / F.O.B. 6609:Central and South Americans 4559:. CBS News. March 9, 2022. 3278:Online etymology dictionary 2300: 2284: 2272: 2260: 2208:) is neutral; nevertheless 1396: 8584: 5784:Fuller, Neely Jr. (1984). 5213:February 20, 2016, at the 4093:. Telegram & Gazette. 3981:MacDonald, Michael Patrick 3556:Rollins, Peter C. (2003). 3450:Dickinson State University 1957:) to highly racist (as in 1860:, a magazine described in 1727:In his 1968 autobiography 1718:'s 1967 essay collection, 1223:denounces the use of both 1171: 1165: 976:Old Colony Housing Project 926:and also removed the word 845: 814:On February 28, 2007, the 748:Niggers in the White House 706: 573:20th-century United States 495:Boston Vigilance Committee 399:Begraafplaats van de Neger 253: 110:linguistic reappropriation 53: 29: 5957: 5817:Smith, Stephanie (2005). 5465:"Accademia della Crusca, 4174:. Inside Higher Education 3668:. New York City Council. 3113:"Life on the Mississippi" 2583:Kennedy, Randall (2002). 2294: 2278: 2266: 2252: 2226: 2220: 2210: 2204: 2198: 1509:O. J. Simpson murder case 1497:One of the first uses of 972:Michael Patrick MacDonald 848:Use of nigger in the arts 501:, posted warnings to the 499:abolitionist organization 343:Oxford English Dictionary 184:Oxford English Dictionary 100:, notably in cases where 8543:African-American society 6963:westernized South Asians 5903:Houghton Mifflin Company 5840:Swan, Robert J. (2003). 5651:"Латыши и гости столицы" 3595:Lemert, Charles (2003). 2994:. Macmillan. p. 272 2569:– via NYTimes.com. 2520:10.1177/0075424211414807 1730:White Niggers of America 1413:newspaper report series 1271:For instance, a show on 1186:In the black community, 1002:Arizona State University 649:In the 1980s, the term " 425:in his 1806 dictionary. 382:New York under the Dutch 128:African-American English 31:Not to be confused with 6717:westernized East Asians 6675:westernized East Asians 6060:Black American princess 5861:African American Review 5467:Nero, negro e di colore 5433:Tervonen, Satu (2001). 5330:Jussila, Raimo (1998). 4904:Herbst, Philip (1997). 4660:The Cincinnati Enquirer 3328:African American Review 3322:Sullivan, Nell (1998). 3308:March 31, 2023, at the 3293:, vol. 21, 1963, p. 9 ( 3272:April 26, 2021, at the 1834:, noted for bringing a 1650:has been misinterpreted 1648:. In the US, this word 1644: 1634: 1550:scientific nomenclature 875:1885 illustration from 566:The Children of the Sea 526:Life on the Mississippi 484:abolitionist John Brown 311:ultimately derive from 60:Nigger (disambiguation) 56:N-word (disambiguation) 8548:American English words 8170:Indigenous Australians 5507:on September 24, 2015. 5253:"Volkskrant stijlboek" 5232:June 12, 2013, at the 5217:, joop.nl, 25 mei 2014 5183:G'Zell, Otter (2009). 4476:. The Canadian Press. 4012:. Teaching Tolerance. 3840:July 15, 2020, at the 3056:The Seattle Republican 2785:Hutchinson, Earl Ofari 2312: 2240: 2178: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2116: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2072: 2062: 2054: 2033: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1975:), loaned from French 1849: 1697: 1682:Denotational extension 1671: 1609: 1603: 1544: 1539:Similar-sounding words 1484: 1405:nigger in the woodpile 1380: 1377:Nigger in the woodpile 1346: 1304:Addressing the use of 1302: 1265: 1243:rejects the view that 1174:Ingroups and outgroups 1075: 996:In an academic setting 993: 886: 743: 569: 460:George Fredrick Ruxton 450: 445:slave escaping from a 398: 322: 313: 303: 297: 291: 285: 279: 155:derogatory connotation 8487:non-Jewish boy or man 8102:Rootless cosmopolitan 5895:Asim, Jabari (2007). 5779:(2nd ed.). 1989. 5518:on December 21, 2010. 5475:on September 30, 2019 4799:"Redefining the Word" 4656:"The evolving N-word" 4349:(September 6, 2019). 3386:Journal of Pragmatics 3289:Harold R. Isaacs in: 3088:. November 12, 2008. 2988:Coleman, Jon (2012). 2880:10.1353/jer.2016.0028 2608:Asim, Jabari (2008). 2216:politically incorrect 2025:is always pejorative. 1763:, published the song 1721:The Student as Nigger 1691: 1374: 1190:is often rendered as 1046:College of the Desert 874: 816:New York City Council 754:hosted by Republican 721: 616:civil rights movement 557: 437:Lyrics for the song " 436: 421:spelling in place of 394:African Burial Ground 250:Etymology and history 7375:Scottish Highlanders 7306:Welsh-speaking elite 6356:Hillbilly / Hilljack 6311:of European descent) 4797:(November 9, 2014). 4008:Price, Sean (2011). 3794:on September 9, 2006 3111:Twain, Mark (1883). 2969:on November 19, 2012 2939:Life In the Far West 2752:(January 11, 2001). 2366:, a 2006 documentary 2350:Kaffir (ethnic slur) 2340:List of ethnic slurs 2292:instead recommends " 2186:of the English word 2136:has three variants: 1907:improve this article 1572:seed. The classical 1478:The prosecutor [ 772:, wife of President 763:Booker T. Washington 618:had legitimized the 476:Life in the Far West 273:derive from various 151:Atlantic slave trade 108:. In an instance of 6792:westernized Chinese 5681:"Писатели-призраки" 5133:Kennedy, Randall L. 5106:The Washington Post 4803:The Washington Post 4666:on January 10, 2013 4383:(August 21, 2019). 3891:on January 10, 2011 3824:on January 22, 2007 3764:on January 12, 2012 3420:The Washington Post 3267:entry "nigger (n.)" 2758:The Washington Post 1995:is more widespread. 1712:used by outsiders. 1662:Anthony A. Williams 1628:, derived from the 1617:(black substance). 1574:Latin pronunciation 1389:commercial products 1310:public intellectual 1108:Syracuse University 1087:I Am Not Your Negro 1025:Augsburg University 1012:and a professor at 966:In his 1999 memoir 680:, often spelled as 6703:Chinese and Korean 6239:Redskin/Red Indian 5788:. ASIN B000BVZW38. 5740:ASALE, RAE-; RAE. 5032:The New York Times 5000:The New York Times 4955:Madison, Wisconsin 4596:10.25810/dky3-zq57 4506:. August 9, 2020. 4355:The New York Times 4290:The New York Times 3021:(Washington, D.C.) 2912:Smith ScholarWorks 2555:The New York Times 2472:nigger, n. and adj 2304:, 'dark-skinned'). 1794:Rock N Roll Nigger 1792:used the word in " 1746:in North America. 1698: 1525:Christopher Darden 1490:The New York Times 1480:Christopher Darden 1397:plants and animals 1381: 1277:term of endearment 918:replaced the word 887: 761:, who had invited 759:Theodore Roosevelt 744: 570: 451: 390:Pennsylvania Dutch 317:, the stem of the 289:. Etymologically, 8558:English profanity 8520: 8519: 7978: 7977: 7673:Northern Italians 7131: 7130: 7102: 7101: 7049:Northeast Indians 6929: 6928: 6641: 6640: 6574:Mexican Americans 5912:978-0-618-19717-0 5851:978-0-9722813-0-0 5832:978-0-8166-4552-7 5809:978-0-375-42172-3 5655:www.kommersant.ru 5602:978-5-94666-678-7 5368:978-951-44-6946-6 4968:978-0-299-15534-6 4917:978-1-877864-97-1 4795:Thompson, Krissah 4687:Language Sciences 3994:978-0-345-44177-5 3954:978-1-78168-983-7 3608:978-0-7456-2871-4 3569:978-0-231-11222-2 3530:978-0-375-42172-3 3138:978-0-486-41426-3 2948:978-0-8061-1534-4 2800:978-0-684-83100-8 2723:978-0-8232-4520-8 2684:978-0-8129-7810-0 2638:Language Sciences 2619:978-0-547-52494-8 2594:978-0-9650397-7-2 2378:", an episode of 2267:литературный негр 1991:, but the use of 1943:Romance languages 1939: 1938: 1931: 1800:used the phrase " 1638:(stingy) and the 1410:Morning Chronicle 970:, Irish-American 577:A style guide to 535:narrative persona 449:, printed in 1851 392:communities; the 211:Quentin Tarantino 172:intra-group usage 165:Because the word 16:(Redirected from 8575: 8513: 8512: 8508:non-Jewish woman 8497: 8491: 8476: 8475: 8462: 8461: 8448: 8447: 8431: 8425: 8412: 8411: 8396: 8395: 8379: 8378: 8362: 8361: 8348: 8341: 8340: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8296: 8285: 8257: 8250: 8243: 8223: 8222: 8218:Pacific Islander 8207: 8206: 8202:Pacific Islander 8191: 8190: 8175: 8174: 8148: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8126: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8096: 8075: 8068: 8067: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8018: 8011: 8004: 8003: 7971: 7970: 7952: 7951: 7938: 7937: 7905: 7898: 7880: 7873: 7872: 7861: 7860: 7845: 7838: 7822: 7815: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7763: 7756: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7723: 7708: 7707: 7694: 7693: 7678: 7677: 7662: 7657: 7650: 7645: 7638: 7622: 7621: 7618:Anglophile Irish 7608: 7607: 7592: 7591: 7588:Anglophile Irish 7578: 7577: 7574:Irish Travellers 7564: 7563: 7559:Irish Travellers 7548: 7547: 7543:Irish Protestant 7534: 7533: 7507: 7489: 7482: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7398: 7380: 7379: 7364: 7363: 7350: 7349: 7334: 7327: 7326: 7311: 7310: 7295: 7294: 7266: 7259: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7142: 7124: 7117: 7107:Southeast Asians 7095: 7077: 7076: 7061: 7054: 7053: 7027: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6974: 6967: 6966: 6953: 6940: 6922: 6921: 6895: 6894: 6881: 6874: 6873: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6795: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6721: 6720: 6707: 6706: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6678: 6659: 6650: 6634: 6633: 6620: 6613: 6612: 6599: 6592: 6591: 6578: 6577: 6564: 6563: 6550: 6549: 6536: 6535: 6520: 6513: 6506: 6505: 6492: 6485: 6484: 6469: 6468: 6453: 6452: 6439: 6438: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6329: 6314: 6313: 6298: 6291: 6271: 6270: 6254: 6253: 6234: 6233: 6210: 6208: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6040: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5921: 5916: 5884: 5855: 5836: 5813: 5794:Kennedy, Randall 5789: 5780: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5634: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5564:www.dexonline.ro 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5514:. 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Tampabay.com. 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4447:The Daily Orange 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4256: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4039:. The Atlantic. 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3887:. Archived from 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3820:. Archived from 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3790:. Archived from 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3697:The Detroit News 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3515:Kennedy, Randall 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3392:(6): 1047–1057. 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3319: 3313: 3287: 3281: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3019:The National Era 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2965:. 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Grant 667:African American 651:African American 628:Thomas Jefferson 598:Harold R. Isaacs 462:used it in his " 439:Run, Nigger, Run 401: 370:American English 354:colonial America 325: 316: 306: 300: 294: 288: 282: 222:Django Unchained 99: 69:English language 51: 44: 21: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8533:1775 neologisms 8523: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8504: 8500: 8483: 8479: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8451: 8438: 8434: 8419: 8415: 8403: 8399: 8386: 8382: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8351: 8344: 8331: 8327: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8292: 8288: 8281: 8260: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8226: 8214: 8210: 8198: 8194: 8182: 8178: 8166: 8162: 8151: 8144: 8139:Zhyd / Zhydovka 8137: 8130: 8118: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8021: 8014: 8007: 7995: 7991: 7974: 7959: 7955: 7945: 7941: 7923: 7919: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7883: 7876: 7868: 7864: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7715: 7711: 7701: 7697: 7685: 7681: 7669: 7665: 7660: 7653: 7648: 7641: 7636: 7625: 7615: 7611: 7603:Irish Catholics 7599: 7595: 7585: 7581: 7571: 7567: 7555: 7551: 7539: 7537: 7525: 7521: 7510: 7503: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7401: 7394: 7383: 7371: 7367: 7357: 7353: 7341: 7337: 7330: 7318: 7316:Dic Siôn Dafydd 7314: 7302: 7298: 7286: 7282: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7127: 7120: 7113: 7098: 7091: 7080: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7045: 7041: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6977: 6970: 6960: 6956: 6949: 6925: 6913: 6909: 6898: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6871: 6867: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6724: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6672: 6668: 6637: 6627: 6623: 6616: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6567: 6557: 6553: 6543: 6539: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6476: 6472: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6428: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6321: 6317: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6274: 6265:Native American 6261: 6257: 6245:Native American 6241: 6237: 6229:American Indian 6221:Native American 6217: 6213: 6192: 6188: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6149:Queen / Queenie 6147: 6140: 6133: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6035: 6034:North and South 6029: 6022: 6015: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5973: 5962: 5953: 5948: 5913: 5894: 5891: 5889:Further reading 5873:10.2307/3042395 5858: 5852: 5839: 5833: 5821:. 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189:eradicationists 176:hip hop culture 93: 63: 52: 45: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8581: 8579: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8525: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8498: 8477: 8463: 8449: 8432: 8413: 8397: 8380: 8363: 8349: 8342: 8324: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8286: 8278: 8276: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8251: 8244: 8236: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8208: 8192: 8176: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8076: 8069: 8063:Ashkenazi Jews 8053: 8046: 8039: 8031: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7988: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7953: 7939: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7906: 7899: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7874: 7862: 7846: 7839: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7816: 7808: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7782: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7757: 7749: 7747: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7719:South Italians 7709: 7695: 7679: 7663: 7658: 7651: 7646: 7639: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7609: 7593: 7579: 7565: 7549: 7535: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7483: 7475: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7365: 7351: 7335: 7328: 7312: 7296: 7290:English people 7279: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7264:Turco-Albanian 7260: 7252: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7156: 7148: 7146: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7062: 7055: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6985: 6983: 6982:Bengali Hindus 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6968: 6954: 6946: 6944: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6882: 6875: 6864: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6823: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6734: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6708: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6665: 6663: 6656: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6621: 6614: 6600: 6593: 6579: 6565: 6551: 6537: 6531:Newfoundlander 6521: 6514: 6507: 6493: 6486: 6470: 6454: 6440: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6331: 6315: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6255: 6235: 6211: 6185: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6131: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6053:Alligator bait 6048: 6046: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6013: 6006: 5999: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5911: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5867:(3): 461–473. 5856: 5850: 5837: 5831: 5814: 5808: 5790: 5781: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5748:(in Spanish). 5732: 5702: 5672: 5642: 5601: 5581: 5551: 5521: 5486: 5456: 5425: 5406: 5386: 5367: 5347: 5340: 5322: 5310: 5274: 5238: 5227:"Neger/zwarte" 5219: 5200: 5194:978-1601630469 5193: 5175: 5158: 5139:(26): 86–96 . 5124: 5091: 5058: 5017: 4986: 4967: 4961:. p. 29. 4939: 4916: 4896: 4887: 4873: 4842: 4820: 4785: 4761: 4735: 4704: 4677: 4646: 4633:dictionary.com 4612: 4574: 4548: 4529:Dan Sullivan. 4521: 4491: 4464: 4433: 4406: 4372: 4347:Mosley, Walter 4338: 4321:Quartz at Work 4307: 4276: 4243: 4212: 4185: 4162: 4131: 4108: 4081: 4054: 4027: 4000: 3993: 3972: 3953: 3933: 3902: 3871: 3845: 3805: 3775: 3745: 3727:dictionary.com 3709: 3683: 3657: 3626: 3607: 3587: 3568: 3548: 3529: 3506: 3487: 3467: 3437: 3403: 3373: 3334:(3): 373–386. 3314: 3282: 3254: 3203: 3172:(2/3): 51–66. 3152: 3137: 3103: 3073: 3042: 3037:newspapers.com 3005: 2980: 2954: 2947: 2929: 2874:(2): 203–245. 2854: 2827:Mencken, H. L. 2818: 2799: 2776: 2741: 2722: 2702: 2683: 2663: 2625: 2618: 2600: 2593: 2572: 2541: 2514:(2): 137–171. 2487: 2449: 2428:"Google Ngram" 2418: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2317: 2305: 2245: 2244:is derogatory; 2233: 2191: 2131: 2112:Haitian Creole 2109: 2102:('black ') or 2085: 2047: 2026: 1996: 1937: 1936: 1895: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1810:Stephen Stills 1798:Elvis Costello 1779:prairie nigger 1683: 1680: 1652:as related to 1640:Middle English 1540: 1537: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1464: 1452:sub-cultures. 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1350: 1347: 1315:said in 2007: 1166:Main article: 1163: 1160: 1133:skull fracture 1129:Dunkin' Donuts 1125:Tampa, Florida 1096:John McWhorter 1057: 1054: 997: 994: 957:Hacker culture 916:NewSouth Books 846:Main article: 843: 840: 809:Robert Lipsyte 774:Herbert Hoover 715: 712: 707:Main article: 704: 701: 695: 692: 669:resembles the 659:Irish American 604:'s 1929 novel 574: 571: 430: 427: 417:suggested the 333:(also spelled 262: 259: 254:Main article: 251: 248: 242:'s 1972 song " 219:and 2012 film 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8580: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8563:English words 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8510: 8509: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8482: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8450: 8445: 8444: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8409: 8408: 8402: 8398: 8393: 8392: 8385: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8338: 8337: 8330: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8317: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8220: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8204: 8203: 8197: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8181: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8165: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8154: 8147: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8124: 8123: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8099: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8065: 8064: 8058: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8044: 8040: 8037: 8036:Christ killer 8033: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8024: 8017: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7994: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7922: 7921:Bulgarophiles 7918: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7857: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7721: 7720: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7699:Sheep shagger 7696: 7691: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7675: 7674: 7668: 7664: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7628: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7566: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7544: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7377: 7376: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7346: 7340: 7339:Sheep shagger 7336: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7308: 7307: 7301: 7297: 7292: 7291: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7185: 7182: 7178: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7094: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7074: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7056: 7051: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6980: 6973: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6919: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6892: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6631: 6626: 6625:Yank / Yankee 6622: 6619: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6532: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6465: 6459: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398:Trailer trash 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6277: 6268: 6266: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6250: 6249:First Nations 6246: 6240: 6236: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6225:First Nations 6222: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5982:Black Diamond 5979: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5938: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5914: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5733: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5673: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5585: 5582: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5479:September 30, 5474: 5470: 5468: 5460: 5457: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5426: 5413: 5409: 5407:951-44-5486-3 5403: 5399: 5398: 5390: 5387: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5351: 5348: 5343: 5341:951-746-008-2 5337: 5333: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5311: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5278: 5275: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5248:de Volkskrant 5242: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5169:Rolling Stone 5162: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5092: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5059: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5021: 5018: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4987: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4940: 4935: 4928:September 24, 4923: 4919: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4897: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4874: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4843: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4678: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4647: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4575: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4541:September 25, 4536: 4532: 4525: 4522: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4465: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4434: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4407: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4365:September 19, 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4308: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4277: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4247: 4244: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4132: 4119: 4112: 4109: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4055: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4028: 4015: 4011: 4004: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3937: 3934: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3903: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3713: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3684: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3627: 3619:September 24, 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3588: 3580:September 24, 3575: 3571: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3549: 3541:September 24, 3536: 3532: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3494: 3490: 3488:9781608710089 3484: 3480: 3479: 3471: 3468: 3460:September 12, 3455: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3217:The Conradian 3214: 3207: 3204: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3104: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3006: 2993: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2930: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2855: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2811:September 24, 2806: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2774:(Book review) 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2706: 2703: 2690: 2686: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2413: 2403: 2400: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2291: 2286: 2274: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2118: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082:French creole 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1933: 1930: 1922: 1919:December 2023 1912: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1896:This section 1894: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1820: 1819:Rolling Stone 1815: 1811: 1807: 1806:Oliver's Army 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:timber nigger 1772: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1596:Sciurus niger 1592: 1591: 1586: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1564:; sellers of 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1481: 1474:Notable usage 1468: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1454:Norman Mailer 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1432:abolitionists 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1378: 1373: 1366: 1362:Related words 1361: 1359: 1356: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341:Richard Pryor 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1255: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1175: 1169: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100:mission creep 1097: 1093: 1092:James Baldwin 1089: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1079:Walter Mosley 1074: 1069: 1067: 1066:Reed Hastings 1063: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1014:Smith College 1011: 1010:Richard Pryor 1003: 995: 992: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 953: 951: 950:Chris Meadows 947: 943: 935: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 912: 910: 906: 902: 901: 896: 892: 884: 883: 878: 873: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 849: 841: 839: 837: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 768: 764: 760: 757: 753: 749: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 714:Political use 713: 710: 702: 700: 693: 691: 689: 685: 684: 679: 675: 674:Afro-American 672: 668: 664: 663:compound word 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 644: 639: 635: 634: 629: 625: 621: 617: 612: 609: 608: 603: 599: 594: 590: 589: 584: 580: 572: 567: 563: 562: 556: 552: 550: 546: 545: 540: 539:Joseph Conrad 536: 532: 528: 527: 522: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 480: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 448: 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Retrieved 2432:Google Ngram 2431: 2422: 2402: 2379: 2361: 2329: 2323: 2285:chernokozhij 2202:(as well as 2187: 2173: 2121: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1961: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1925: 1916: 1905:Please help 1900:verification 1897: 1861: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1817: 1802:white nigger 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1750: 1748: 1728: 1726: 1719: 1716:Jerry Farber 1714: 1710:ethnic slurs 1705: 1699: 1692:Graffiti in 1685: 1666: 1657: 1653: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1601: 1594: 1588: 1569: 1561: 1542: 1532: 1528: 1520: 1513:Mark Fuhrman 1498: 1496: 1488: 1485: 1477: 1466: 1457: 1448:, thug, and 1439: 1425: 1421:Henry Mayhew 1414: 1408: 1400: 1382: 1352: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1305: 1303: 1284: 1280: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1244: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1177: 1156:house arrest 1145:plea bargain 1141:manslaughter 1123:In 2021, in 1122: 1112:Wendy Mesley 1085: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1059: 1018: 999: 985: 980:South Boston 967: 965: 954: 934:Alan Gribben 927: 923: 919: 913: 904: 898: 890: 888: 880: 857: 856:of the word 851: 842:Cultural use 828: 824:Grammy Award 819: 813: 804: 797:Muhammad Ali 790: 745: 697: 687: 681: 677: 673: 666: 648: 641: 631: 623: 613: 606: 602:Nella Larsen 592: 586: 576: 565: 559: 548: 542: 524: 519: 510: 502: 488: 481: 475: 464:mountain man 452: 447:slave patrol 422: 418: 415:Noah Webster 408:Rhode Island 403: 377: 373: 361: 351: 346: 334: 330: 328: 308: 270: 266: 264: 235:white nigger 233: 229: 227: 220: 216:Pulp Fiction 214: 204: 196: 192: 188: 166: 164: 159: 144: 138: 132: 117: 113: 101: 95: 86: 83:black people 81:directed at 73: 72: 66: 64: 8122:German Jews 8092:Crypto-Jews 7927:Macedonians 7870:(Mercheros) 7529:Republicans 7421:China Swede 7004:Danchi babu 6917:Benshengren 6753:Ching chong 6654:East Asians 6405:White trash 6088:House Negro 5756:February 1, 5621:December 9, 5289:"Stijlboek" 5010:February 2, 4754:January 23, 4693:: 187–199. 4670:October 14, 3926:February 2, 3895:January 23, 3864:February 2, 3366:February 6, 3247:February 6, 3196:February 6, 3066:January 23, 2644:: 187–199. 2442:January 18, 2301:temnokozhij 2290:Help Needed 2250:: the word 2099:Schwarze/-r 2073:prête-plume 2068:ghostwriter 2013:('black'). 1790:Patti Smith 1771:Sand nigger 1761:John Lennon 1702:denotations 1552:and is the 1436:portmanteau 1367:Derivatives 1313:Cornel West 1241:Keith Allan 1231:. Usage of 1041:hate speech 889:The use of 724:Thomas Nast 638:black pride 583:H.W. Fowler 564:was called 468:connotation 441:", about a 372:spellings, 326:('black'). 240:John Lennon 112:, the term 79:racial slur 41:Niger State 18:Nigger rich 8527:Categories 8164:Blackfella 8146:Żydokomuna 7957:Yestonians 7888:Ukrainians 7704:Sardinians 7689:Sardinians 7683:Sardegnolo 7649:Greaseball 7396:Cheesehead 7209:Mat Salleh 7122:Vietnamese 7085:Pakistanis 6886:Sangokujin 6849:Xiao Riben 6691:Sangokujin 6546:Oklahomans 6511:Half-breed 6377:Peckerwood 6181:Indigenous 6135:Pickaninny 6067:Black Buck 5901:. 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