2384:, which could affect third parties, creating a negative externality of consumption. The culture of nightclubs create a sense of consuming alcohol in larger quantities than usual. A study in SĂŁo Paulo looking to identify causes of binge drinking found that environmental variables such as more number of dancefloors, higher level of noise, and 'all you can drink' services to be significantly linked to binge drinking. Furthermore, the culture created around nightclubs to indulge in 'pre-drinking' accentuates the amount of alcohol consumed, which leads to more problems in residential areas off nightclub premises (for example, a higher chance of participating in a fight).
750:
2226:
2173:
1984:
108:
2267:
2311:
5705:
5694:
50:
1759:
5682:
2412:
2091:, which largely ended the rave movement by criminalizing any gathering of 20 or more people where music ("sounds wholly or predominantly characterized by the emission of a succession of repetitive beats") was played. Commercial clubs immediately capitalized on the situation causing a boom in "Superclubs" in the UK, such as
2188:
for entry at the main door, and then other bouncers to screen for entry to other dance floors, lounges, or VIP areas. For legal reasons, in most jurisdictions, the bouncers have to check ID to ensure that prospective patrons are of legal drinking age and that they are not intoxicated already. In this
1749:
In the north of
England, what later became the "alternative" scene was centred around the Roxy/Bowie room at Pips in Manchester, which opened in 1972; as small as this scene was, many notable figures attended the club, and Joy Division played their first gig there, billed as "Warsaw" before changing
1452:
The genre of disco has changed through the years. It is classified both as a musical genre and as a nightclub; and in the late seventies, disco began to act as a safe haven for social outcasts. This club culture that originated in downtown New York, was attended by a variety of different ethnicities
2415:
Number of patients with alcohol-related serious injury and trauma to the emergency department at different hours of the day, before and after a change in alcohol legislation that made partying stricter in the Sydney CBD Entertainment
Precinct. These policies include: increased monitoring, increased
2257:
Some clubs offer patrons the chance to sign up on their guest list. A club's guest list is a special promotion the venue offers separate from general admission. Each club has different benefits when you are signed up on their guest list. Some of the benefits of being on a club's guestlist are: free
2253:
or the club owner may gain free entrance. Sometimes, especially at larger clubs in
Continental European countries, one gets only a pay card at the entrance, on which all money spent in the discothèque (often including the entrance fee) is marked. Sometimes, entrance fee and cloakroom costs are paid
1101:
in London's Soho introduced afternoon dancing. These prototype discothèques were nothing like modern-day nightclubs, as they were unlicensed, daytime venues where coffee was the drink of choice and that catered to a very young public â mostly made up of French and
Italians working illegally, mostly
2441:
are used to provide clubgoers with a memorable keepsake in addition to promo material used by clubs. Some nightclubs (and in particular techno clubs) pursue a strict no photo policy in order to protect the clubbing experience, and smartphone camera lenses of visitors are occasionally taped up with
2278:
Many nightclubs enforce a dress code in order to ensure a certain type of clientele is in attendance at the venue. Some upscale nightclubs ban attendees from wearing trainers (sneakers) or jeans while other nightclubs will advertise a vague "dress to impress" dress code that allows the bouncers to
4240:
Amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrite (collectively known as alkyl nitrites) are clear, yellow liquids inhaled for their intoxicating effects. Nitrites originally came as small glass capsules that were popped open. This led to nitrites being given the name 'poppers' but this form of the drug is rarely
2208:
This type of screening is used by clubs to make their club "exclusive", by denying entry to people who are not dressed in a stylish enough manner. While some clubs have written dress codes, such as no ripped jeans, no jeans, no gang clothing, and so on, other clubs may not post their policies. As
1974:
in the UK. A mixture of free and commercial outdoor parties were held in fields, warehouses, and abandoned buildings, by various groups such as
Biology, Sunrise, Confusion, Hedonism, Rage & Energy, and many others. This laid the ground for what was unfold in the 1990s, initially in the United
1089:
in 1953 laid down a dance floor, suspended coloured lights, and replaced the jukebox with two turntables that she operated herself so there would be no breaks between the music. This was the world's first-ever "discothèque". The Whisky à Gogo set into place the standard elements of the modern
2353:) often have what are known as exclusive boutique nightclubs. This type of club typically has a capacity of less than 200 occupants and a very strict entrance policy, which usually requires an entrant to be on the club's guest list. While not explicitly members only clubs, such as
825:
the 'Night Club Queen'. Meyrick ran several London nightclubs in the 1920s and early 1930s, during which time she served prison sentences for breaching licensing laws and bribing a police officer. In this era, nightclubbing was generally the preserve of those with money.
2357:, exclusive nightclubs operate with a similar level of exclusivity. As they are off limits to most of the public and ensure the privacy of guests, many celebrities favor these types of clubs to other, less exclusive, clubs that do not cater as well to their needs.
2160:. As countries relaxed lockdown rules following drops in case numbers, some nightclubs reopened in repurposed form as sat-down pubs. As vaccine rollouts reached advanced stages, nightclubs were able to reopen with looser restrictions, such as producing
5074:"In the Matter of the Human Rights Code R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 210 (as amended): Carpenter v. Limelight Entertainment Ltd. (1999), C.H.R.R. Doc. 99-197: Trudy Carpenter (now Trudy Jack) v. Limelight Entertainment Ltd. doing business as "Limit Night Club""
622:
ran the toughest nightclub in New York from 1880 to 1883. It catered to a downscale clientele and besides the usual illegal liquor, gambling, and prostitution, it featured nightly fistfights and occasional shootings, stabbings, and police raids.
1424:
could party without following male to female dance protocol or exclusive club policies. Discothèques had a law where for every three men, there was one woman. The women often sought these experiences to seek safety in a venue that embraced the
5263:
Calafat, A.; Blay, N.; Juan, M.; Adrover, D.; Bellis, M. A.; Hughes, K.; Stocco, P.; Siamou, I.; Mendes, F. (31 March 2009). "Traffic Risk
Behaviors at Nightlife: Drinking, Taking Drugs, Driving, and Use of Public Transport by Young People".
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or taking a lift from someone under the influence. A portion of driving customers, despite drinking less than non-driving customers, are still observed to have alcohol levels above the legal threshold after a night out at a nightclub.
1519:. While the dance floor was the central arena of seduction, actual sex usually took place in the nether regions of the disco: bathroom stalls, exit stairwells, and so on. In other cases, the disco became a kind of "main course" in a
2402:
in nightclubs is transportation. Private cars are the most prominent mode of transportation to and from nightclubs, and the use of drugs and alcohol in nightclubs are reported to increase the number of risky behaviors, such as
437:
The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and
Saturday nights. Most nightclubs cater to a particular music genre or sound for branding effects. Some nightclubs may offer food and beverages (including alcoholic beverages).
5162:
Hughes, Karen; Anderson, Zara; Morleo, Michela; Bellis, Mark A. (2008). "Alcohol, nightlife and violence: the relative contributions of drinking before and during nights out to negative health and criminal justice outcomes".
2462:
in the venue, physical altercations with other patrons, and behavior deemed to be inappropriate or troublesome. Bouncers only allow a certain number of people into a club at a time by counting heads in order to prevent
964:, big bands, and singers performed for a bowtied clientele. The Paramount and Ciro's in particular were fiercely rivalrous and attracted many customers from the underworld. Shanghai's clubs fell into decline after the
1055:, which opened in 1959. Its, and therefore the world's first DJ was 19-year-old local cub reporter Klaus Quirini who had been sent to write a story about the strange new phenomenon of public record-playing; fueled by
1433:
music, and a push to put the physical over the rational, the role of women looked to be placed in the role of safety net. It brought together people from different backgrounds. These clubs acted as safe havens for
1121:
after she pioneered the idea of dancing to records at her premises' basement in 1957. It stayed popular into the 1960s. It later became a 1940s-themed club called the Black
Gardenia but has since closed.
2416:
strictness on entry of clubs, and sharing of information between venues to prevent intoxicated patrons to access different places. On average, there is significant decreases in any alcohol-related injury.
651:(a coin-operated record-player) was invented by the Pacific Phonograph Company in 1889 by its managers Louis Glass and his partner William S. Arnold. The first was installed at the Palais Royale Saloon,
2368:. Many exclusive boutique clubs market themselves as being a place to socialize with models and celebrities. Affluent patrons who find that marketing message appealing are often willing to purchase
4846:
1044:
The end of World War II saw the beginning of a transformation in the nightclub: no longer the preserve of a moneyed elite, over several decades, the nightclub steadily became a mass phenomenon.
5358:
Forster, S. Lesley; Smith, Myles; Fulde, Gordian WO (2 November 2015). "Presentations with alcohol-related serious injury to a major Sydney trauma hospital after 2014 changes to liquor laws".
2140:
gained more and more importance. VJs ("video jockeys") mix video content in a similar manner that DJs mix audio content, creating a visual experience that is intended to complement the music.
5127:
Carlini, C; Andreoni, S; Martins, SS; Benjamin, MM; Sanudo, A; Sanchez, ZM (2014). "Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in
Brazilian nightclubs".
1538:. Studio 54 was notorious for the hedonism that went on within; the balconies were known for sexual encounters, and drug use was rampant. Its dance floor was decorated with an image of the "
5621:
1453:
and economic backgrounds. It was an inexpensive activity to indulge in, and discos united a multitude of different minorities in a way never seen before; including those in the gay and
1441:
By the late 1970s, many major U.S. cities had thriving disco club scenes centered on discothèques, nightclubs, and private loft parties where DJs would play disco hits through powerful
448:
3052:
The intact, elegantly detailed façade of
Webster Hall has sheltered some of the Village's most infamous moments, and this first modern night club deserves to be an individual landmark
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Moreover, young consumers of nightclubs who tend to binge drink are often found to be less safe during sexual encounters as a result of the alcohol, which could lead to the spread of
736:
who opened Le Perroquet de Paris at a cost of $ 250,000. It was billed as America's most beautiful and sophisticated nightclub and featured the young Kahn and his band most evenings.
5073:
1601:, which was built between 1969 and 1972 and serviced tourists who were bused in until it closed in 1974. Responding to this influx of visitors, locals opened the first large clubs
4921:
Hitzler, Ronald; Pfadenhauer, Michaela; Hillebrandt, Frank; Kneer, Georg; Kraemer, Klaus (1998). "A posttraditional society: Integration and distinction within the techno scene".
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627:
is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a "social hall", originally functioning as a home for dance and political activism events.
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Many exceptions are made to nightclub dress codes, with denied entry usually reserved for the most glaring rule breakers or those thought to be unsuitable for the party.
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and jazz in the UK. It earned a controversial reputation with gangsters and prostitutes said to have been frequent visitors in the 1960s, along with musicians such as
4011:
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entry, discounted cover charge, the ability to skip the line, and free drinks. Many clubs hire a promotions team to find and sign up guests to the club's guest list.
430:
to prohibit people wearing informal, indecent, offensive, or gang-related attire from entering. Unlike other entertainment venues, nightclubs are more likely to use
3025:
2161:
60:
920:. Hundreds of venues in the city, which at the time had a sinful reputation, offered in addition to bars, stages, and dance floors an erotic nightlife, such as
4980:
2152:, which closed nightclubs worldwide â the first ever synchronized, global shutdown of nightlife. In response, online "virtual nightclubs" developed, hosted on
666:
bars, which needed music but could not afford a live band and needed precious space for paying customers. Webster Hall stayed open, with rumors circulating of
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4219:
3126:
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686:
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2749:
1511:". The "massive quantities of drugs ingested in discotheques by newly liberated gay men produced the next cultural phenomenon of the disco era: rampant
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3404:
598:
The first nightclubs appeared in New York City in the 1840s and 1850s, including McGlory's, and the Haymarket. They enjoyed a national reputation for
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shirts for men. Disco clubs and "hedonistic loft parties" had a club culture with many Italian American, African American, gay, and Hispanic people.
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4999:
4955:
2360:
Another differentiating feature of exclusive nightclubs is that they are known for having a certain type of crowd, for instance, a fashion-forward,
216:
1074:, NY were popular venues for white audiences. Before 1953 and some years thereafter, most bars and nightclubs used a jukebox or mostly live bands.
6436:
2487:
Some nightclubs present a 'floor show', a series of acts by comedians, dancers, models, singers, and other entertainers, which can be similar to
2209:
such, the club's bouncers may deny entry to anybody at their discretion. The guest list is typically used for private parties and events held by
614:
tracks), and regular payoffs to political and police leadership was necessary. Prices were high and they were patronized by an upscale audience.
2288:
typically both allow and encourage the wearing of clubwear, deliberately skimpy and outrageous clothing designed for dancing and exhibitionism.
1175:
While the discothèque swept Europe throughout the 1960s, it did not become widely popular in the United States until the 1970s, where the first
4847:"Nightclubs: What a Wag: Unfriendly, elitist and super cool, it nevertheless broke the disco mould. James Style celebrates 10 years of the Wag"
3315:
2213:. At private parties, the hosts may only want their friends to attend. At celebrity events, the hosts may wish the club to only be attended by
1593:, an island which had been a popular destination for hippie travelers since the 1960s and now was experiencing a tourist boom. The first ever "
1429:â with an eye to one or more of the same or opposite sex or none. Although the culture that surrounded disco was progressive in dance couples,
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fever" had already swept dancing establishments in the early 1910s, 899 venues with a dancing licence were registered by 1930, including the
3457:
6375:
5080:
1730:. Whilst overall, the club scene was fairly small and hidden away in basements, cellars, and warehouses, London's complicated mix of punk,
6532:
6844:
354:
4597:
1404:
Disco has its roots in the underground club scene. During the early 1970s in New York City, disco clubs were places where oppressed or
3750:
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was a regular. These clubs germinated what would later become the underground gig scene of the 1970s and 1980s, at venues such as the
4811:
6919:
6742:
4487:
4209:, 83:1, February 2003, pp. 119â150. He says that "The relationship of cocaine to 1970s disco culture cannot be stressed enough; ..."
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Dress code criteria can be an excuse for discriminatory practices, such as in the case of Carpenter v. Limelight Entertainment Ltd.
94:
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2035:, house, and/or trance music. These clubs are generally the largest and most frequented of all of the different types of clubs.
1211:
on the site of the old El Morocco nightclub and it became the first, foremost, and hottest disco in New York City through 1969.
6712:
6544:
6031:
4180:
4111:
3343:
2962:
Timothy J. Gilfoyle, "Scorsese's Gangs of New York: Why Myth Matters." Journal of Urban History 29.5 (2003): 620â630 at p. 624.
2197:. However, in some nightclubs, bouncers may screen patrons using criteria other than just age and intoxication status, such as
1774:
During the 1980s, during the New Romantic movement, London had a vibrant nightclub scene, which included clubs like The Blitz,
38:
6814:
6784:
6706:
6448:
5315:
Wagner, Gabriela A.; Sanchez, Zila M. (2017). "Patterns of drinking and driving offenses among nightclub patrons in Brazil".
4870:"A Historical Look at The Mudd Club â Revisiting the downtown antithesis of Studio 54 that had an "anything goes" atmosphere"
3726:
3702:
2583:
2388:
6730:
2674:
4019:
6808:
6688:
6592:
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1472:". There were also disco fashions that discotheque-goers wore for nights out at their local disco, such as sheer, flowing
1413:
5539:
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to choose who can enter the club, or specific lounges or VIP areas. Some nightclubs have one group of bouncers to screen
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2084:
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increasingly became the national capital for tourism and entertainment. Grand hotels were built for upscale visitors.
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556:
31:
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The "Kakadu" (1919â1937), a Pre-World War II nightclub in Berlin, offered a bar, a dance floor, live music played by
4241:
found in the UK. The drug became popular in the UK first on the disco/club scene of the 1970s and then at dance and
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5957:
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Dozens of clubs came and went, but one of the original batch, and being London's longest running one-nighter club,
1222:
became Germany's epicenter of nightlife for the next two decades with numerous nightclubs and discothèques such as
1290:, and Mercury settling in the city. In 1967, Germany's first large-scale discothèque opened in Munich as the club
1110:
749:
6598:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6418:
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1715:
1016:, played on a single turntable when a jukebox was not available. These discothèques were also patronized by anti-
810:
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in 1968. Both the UFO Club and Middle Earth were short-lived but saw performances by artists such as house-band
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6724:
6617:
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6368:
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5655:
2876:
1559:
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76:
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1179:
generation preferred rough and tumble bars and taverns to nightclubs until the disco era. In the early 1960s,
798:
5422:
1449:". Some of the most prestigious clubs had elaborate lighting systems that throbbed to the beat of the music.
347:
6772:
6550:
6390:
6079:
5401:
4414:
4205:
Gootenberg, Paul. "Between Coca and Cocaine: A Century or More of U.S.-Peruvian Drug Paradoxes, 1860â1980".
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to prevent weapons being brought into clubs. Bouncers often eject patrons for reasons such as possession of
1598:
1547:
1338:
1259:
1204:
973:
568:
116:
5206:
Wells, Brooke E.; Kelly, Brian C.; Golub, Sarit A.; Grov, Christian; Parsons, Jeffrey T. (1 January 2010).
5022:
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2225:
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for the dancers. The DJs played "a smooth mix of long single records to keep people 'dancing all night long
1059:, he jumped on stage and started announcing records as he played them and took the stage-name DJ Heinrich.
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6861:
6820:
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6658:
6629:
6478:
6074:
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2133:
2038:
Techno clubs are popular around the world since the early 1990s. Well known examples of the 1990s include
1890:
1673:
1567:
1235:
1117:, London. Initially opening as a coffee-bar, it was run by Betty Passes who claimed to be the inventor of
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818:
694:
531:
396:
141:
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upon entry. Many clubs have balcony areas specifically for the security team to watch over the clubbers.
1231:
6778:
6664:
3644:
2555:
2544:
2459:
2172:
2112:
1949:
1866:
1699:. The emergence of this highly experimental artistic scene in London can be credited almost entirely to
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949:
921:
885:
340:
221:
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3159:
Morat, Daniel; Becker, Tobias; Lange, Kerstin; Niedbalski, Johanna; Gnausch, Anne; Nolte, Paul (2016).
1843:
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had one in its Shermaine suite. Larger discos opened in 1966: Cheetah, with room for 2000 dancers, the
873:
628:
4579:
3533:
2796:, a fire at the Lame Horse nightclub killed at least 155 people and injures 79 others in Perm, Russia.
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where lovers could withdraw to for intimate moments. These venues were aimed at rich and poor people,
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6682:
6095:
2901:
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2522:
2380:
A distinctive feature of a nightclub is also the fact that it can serve as a hub for substances like
2107:). These developed the club-as-spectacle theme pioneered in the 1970s and 1980s by Pacha (Ibiza) and
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1783:
1692:
1310:
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as "decadent American influences", so as an act of resistance, people met at hidden basements called
957:
564:
5596:
3843:"1967 The Round House and Memories of The UFO Club & the Fantastic Light Shows in 1960's London"
3254:
chapters 16 & 17 covers Hall's life in Paris and details her nightclub La Grosse Pomme in depth.
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6889:
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6442:
6430:
6412:
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the article (retrieved Dec 26, 2022) talks about Roger's New York nightclub, Le Perroquet de Paris.
2800:
2602:
2587:
2573:
2540:
2529:
2434:
2241:. Some clubs waive or reduce the cover charge for early arrivers, special guests, or women (in the
1929:
1874:
1838:. At London nightclubs, young men would often wear make-up and young women would wear men's suits.
1606:
1469:
1334:
1314:
889:
877:
534:, and the association of the term with the sex trade has driven out the regular usage of the term.
484:
384:
5624:[Number of victims of the fire in the Permian club has risen to 155 people] (in Russian).
1854:
1723:
1227:
6838:
6766:
6754:
6736:
6694:
6635:
5521:
5383:
5297:
4709:
4669:
4530:
4389:
3866:
3842:
3597:
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3217:
2702:
2454:, who have the power to restrict entry to the club and remove people. Some bouncers use handheld
2096:
2055:
1743:
1665:
1645:
1579:
1575:
1377:
1318:
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1983:
1546:. Other 1970s discothèques in New York City were Manhattan's Starship Discovery One at 350 West
1491:
that would enhance the experience of dancing to the loud music and the flashing lights, such as
1483:
In addition to the dance and fashion aspects of the disco club scene, there was also a thriving
865:
6520:
6152:
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5227:
5188:
5180:
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4894:
4831:
4063:
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3722:
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3583:
3316:"Sex, seafood and 25,000 coffees a day: the wild 1920s superclub that inspired Babylon Berlin"
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2770:
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2438:
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2100:
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1937:
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312:
185:
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5235:
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4926:
4812:"The end of the night â in the 80s, the Wag Club was glorious but it could never happen now"
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4033:
3926:
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2518:
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1956:
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226:
3890:
1570:, and Aux Puces, one of the first gay disco bars. The album cover of Saturday Night Band's
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on December 9, 1937. Hall and Hicks also owned the chic Florida Club in London's Mayfair.
107:
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6203:
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5569:
5504:
Bill Sanders (1 April 2005). "In the Club: Ecstasy Use and Supply in a London Nightclub".
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2622:
2507:
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2157:
2047:
2043:
2024:
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1294:, which because of its extravagance and excesses quickly gained international reputation.
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3772:[Discos shape a wild era: The 70s in Munich: Loud, fancy, infamous] (in German).
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During America's Prohibition, new speakeasies and nightclubs appeared on a weekly basis.
407:(DJ) who mixes recorded music. Nightclubs tend to be smaller than live music venues like
5704:
5693:
3741:
Hecktor, Mirko; von Uslar, Moritz; Smith, Patti; Neumeister, Andreas (1 November 2008).
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5715:
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5207:
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3492:
3127:"The First Jukebox Was Installed At Palais Royal Saloon In San Francisco 130 Years Ago"
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and Billy's (later Gossip's) at 69 Dean Street, in the basement below the ground floor
1775:
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5208:"Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Behavior among Young Adults in Nightclubs"
4149:
3013:
Steppin' Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890-1930
2951:
City of eros: New York City, prostitution, and the commercialization of sex, 1790-1920
980:
propaganda films, before fading into obscurity. It reopened as The Paramount in 2008.
6883:
6454:
6233:
6223:
6059:
5708:
5525:
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5301:
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2630:
2594:
2395:
2346:
2123:
2073:
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1964:
1921:
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fused the eclecticism and ethos of [Ibiza with the new electronic music from the US.
1835:
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261:
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4184:
2249:, but the law is rarely enforced, and open violations are frequent). Friends of the
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featured two dancers in the Starship Discovery One. In San Francisco, there was the
833:
ran several nightclubs during the 1920s including Chez Josephine, as did her friend
724:. Midtown New York had a string of nightclubs, many named after bandleaders such as
6466:
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6248:
6238:
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6054:
5998:
3320:
2774:
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2285:
2238:
2189:
respect, a nightclub's use of bouncers is no different from the use of bouncers by
2020:
1975:
Kingdom, Germany, and the United States and then worldwide from the 2000s onwards.
1870:
1839:
1827:
1799:
1795:
1794:. Both music and fashion embraced the aesthetics of the movement. Bands included
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1535:
1531:
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802:
713:
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266:
5650:[UPC: 234 people were injured and killed in a fire in Perm] (in Russian).
5023:"When will nightclubs reopen in the UK and what safety measures will be in place?"
4793:
4554:
4470:"'The birth of the London club scene': Bowie Nights at Billy's Club â in pictures"
2108:
1999:
In Europe and North America, nightclubs play disco-influenced dance music such as
1184:
526:
music night" or a "singles night". In Hong Kong and China, nightclub is used as a
446:
In some countries, nightclubs are also referred to as "discos" or "discothèques" (
5328:
3955:
6253:
6243:
6228:
6218:
6177:
6167:
5816:
5806:
5781:
4326:"The spirit of Ibiza captured in 14 vintage photos from the 1970s and the 1980s"
3618:
3409:
3377:
3348:
3108:
2856:
2851:
2668:
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will take publicity photos of patrons, to use in advertising for the nightclub.
2426:
2334:
2292:
2063:
2012:
2000:
1941:
1850:
1807:
1657:
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1602:
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that taught people how to do popular disco dances such as "touch dancing", the "
1454:
1430:
1362:
1279:
1267:
1215:
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1137:
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in London ran between 1952 and 1967 and was known for its role in the growth of
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1067:
1052:
1048:
1029:
1013:
857:
721:
580:
404:
307:
292:
112:
5697:
2321:
Large cosmopolitan cities that are home to large affluent populations (such as
1152:
offered dancing between jazz sets; Shepheard's, located in the basement of the
602:, live music, and dance. They tolerated unlicensed liquor, commercial sex, and
6330:
6285:
6280:
6270:
6069:
5931:
5896:
5856:
5836:
5647:
5547:
5277:
5223:
4930:
4717:
4677:
4644:
4540:
3876:
3852:
3828:
3227:
2988:
A Guide to Gangsters, Murderers and Weirdos of New York City's Lower East Side
2846:
2678:
2476:
2198:
2194:
1960:
1909:
1823:
1811:
1735:
1734:, New Wave, and gay clubs in the late 1970s and early 1980s paved the way for
1700:
1669:
1637:
1526:
Well known 1970s discothèques included celebrity hangouts such as Manhattan's
1516:
1393:
1373:
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1165:
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302:
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180:
149:
145:
5517:
5336:
5285:
5231:
5184:
4733:"The nightclub which birthed Joy Division now lies beneath the Corn Exchange"
2132:
has been used in nightclubs since the 1960s, but especially with the rise of
1616:
By the early 1980s, the term "disco" had largely fallen out of favour in the
6335:
6208:
6193:
6157:
6122:
6064:
5891:
5851:
5811:
5791:
5786:
5004:
2925:
When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age
2760:
2713:
2644:
2626:
2567:
2468:
2338:
2210:
2129:
2104:
2059:
2032:
2016:
2008:
1917:
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1629:
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1527:
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1208:
1001:
961:
913:
909:
782:
754:
667:
663:
527:
317:
175:
5379:
5344:
5293:
5249:
5192:
5148:
5000:"Sit-down gigs, dis-dancing, Zoom raves â are these the last day of disco?"
2752:, 194 killed and 714 injured in a nightclub fire at Buenos Aires, Argentina
1885:(starting in December 1987 in the basement of Southwark's Fitness Centre),
5728:
5681:
3770:"Discos prägen wilde Epoche: Die 70er in Mßnchen: Laut, schrill, verrucht"
2938:
Steppin'Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture
17:
6213:
6198:
6172:
6132:
6112:
5936:
5926:
5916:
5826:
5821:
5625:
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1815:
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1306:
945:
834:
706:
603:
419:
376:
246:
241:
5371:
2118:
Since the late 2000s, venues that received high media attention include
6127:
5901:
5866:
5846:
5841:
5831:
5801:
5796:
5048:"Is Ladies' Night illegal? Nightclub entry policy and the Equality Act"
4535:
4060:
Love Saves The Day. A History Of American Dance Music Culture 1970-1979
3871:
3847:
3823:
3222:
2782:
2764:
2727:
2709:
2649:
27 November 1994: Yiyuan Disco fire, 233 killed in a nightclub fire at
2511:
2488:
2326:
2322:
2028:
1933:
1862:
1846:(which opened in 1985) bridged the New Romantic and acid house scenes.
1644:
cultures in London produced their own set of nightclubs, starting with
1507:, which suspended motor coordination and turned one's arms and legs to
1500:
1492:
1473:
1103:
929:
917:
814:
778:
758:
690:
648:
636:
595:
served a wide variety of clientele, from sailors on leave to playboys.
412:
408:
380:
5140:
4555:"Dreamscape â Toyah Willcox Fansite Âť Classic Toyah: Mayhem 1979"
1853:
in the mid-1980s and then acid house, kickstarted by Chris Sullivan's
522:
is used to refer to an evening focusing on a specific genre, such as "
6162:
5921:
5881:
5427:
3669:
2696:
2682:
2612:
2598:
2548:
2533:
2350:
2330:
2214:
2077:
2051:
2004:
1992:
1945:
1819:
1583:
1508:
1298:
1219:
1071:
1056:
977:
933:
790:
770:
717:
560:
287:
170:
37:"Discothèque" and other spellings redirect here. For other uses, see
5648:"ĐĄĐĐ: Đ ŃоСŃĐťŃŃĐ°ŃĐľ пОМаŃĐ° в ĐĐľŃПи пОŃŃŃадаНи и пОгийНи 234 ŃоНОвока"
5106:"NYC Clubs and lounges - Your Guide to Exclusive New York Nightlife"
4794:"Boy George interviewed by Mark Ronson about Leigh Bowery and Taboo"
3799:[11 crazy clubs in Munich that made history]. Mit Vergnuegen
2254:
by cash, and only the drinks in the club are paid using a pay card.
1457:
communities. The music ultimately was what brought people together.
956:(opened in 1936). Other clubs of the era were the Metropole and the
4981:"Manchester nightclub becomes a 'nightpub' â with a sit-down disco"
3407:[Berlin in the Golden Twenties: "I am Babel, the sinner"].
2111:(Japan), creating a global phenomenon; however, many clubs such as
610:. Practically all gambling was illegal in the city (except upscale
6040:
5861:
5622:"ĐОНиŃĐľŃŃвО МоŃŃв пОМаŃĐ° в поŃĐźŃкОП кНŃйо вОСŃĐžŃНО Đ´Đž 155 ŃоНОвок"
4956:"People Are Paying Real Money to Get Into Virtual Zoom Nightclubs"
3405:"Berlin in den Goldenen Zwanzigern: "Ich bin Babel, die SĂźnderin""
2654:
2650:
2616:
2411:
2342:
2237:
In most cases, entering a nightclub requires a flat fee, called a
2230:
2137:
2115:
in London, preserved the more underground feel of the former era.
1982:
1913:
1882:
1757:
1739:
1590:
1477:
1396:
of its clubgoers; each of these clubs was known for all-nighters.
1118:
1021:
1005:
997:
861:
786:
748:
523:
372:
297:
120:
106:
4923:
Loss of safety? Lifestyles between multi-optionality and scarcity
4580:"Chris Sullivan on nights out with Bowie and nights in with Iggy"
4242:
2871:
2279:
discriminate at will against those vying for entry to the club.
1971:
1677:
1589:
In Spain during the 1970s, the first clubs and discos opened in
1421:
1114:
993:
766:
632:
514:
refers to an older, smaller, less fashionable venue; while ăŻăŠă,
418:
Nightclubs generally restrict access to people in terms of age,
327:
322:
282:
231:
6357:
6013:
5732:
4012:"Famous Northern Soul Venues â Blackpool Mecca â Highland Room"
3109:"Nov. 23, 1889: S.F. Gin Joint Hears the World's First Jukebox"
1628:
In parallel to the disco scene and quite separate from it, the
5911:
5886:
3346:[Berlins Haus Vaterland: Mother of event gastronomy].
3218:"Roaring Twenties:Crazy Night at Kit Kat Club in London, 1926"
2190:
1988:
925:
689:
in February 1933, nightclubs were revived, such as New York's
518:
refers to a more recent, larger, more popular venue. The term
43:
3580:
Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey
1970:
However, the seismic shift in nightlife was the emergence of
1313:, London from 23 Dec 1966 to Oct 1967) which then became the
559:
gradually moved northward during this half century, from The
5105:
4097:
Lawrence, Tim. "Disco and the Queering of the Dance Floor".
3488:"Club Culture: Meet Heinrich, the World's First Disc Jockey"
2372:
at a markup of several times the retail cost of the liquor.
2176:
A bouncer checks patrons' IDs at the entrance to a nightclub
1438:
partygoers to dance in peace and away from public scrutiny.
1047:
In Germany, the first discothèque on record that involved a
5479:
Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-time Economy
2023:. Most nightclubs in major cities in the U.S. that have an
1680:
scene and also the early punk scene via its Vortex nights.
1148:
Discothèques began to appear in New York City in 1964: the
716:
opened and ran many, and had many padlocked by the police.
685:
to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox. With the
3398:
3396:
1861:), a cultural revolution swept around the world; first in
3797:"11 verrĂźckte Clubs in MĂźnchen, die Geschichte schrieben"
2597:
disaster, 48 killed and 214 injured at nightclub fire at
2299:) to a leather-only, rubber-only, or fantasy dress code.
6009:
5079:. British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal. Archived from
3976:"London Lost Music Venues: Rock Music 08 â Middle Earth"
3344:"Berlins Haus Vaterland: Mutter der Erlebnisgastronomie"
3265:"BFI Screenonline: Hall, Adelaide (1901-1993) Biography"
1869:
and then London and New York City. London clubs such as
1683:
The underground warehouse party scene was kicked off by
1214:
In Germany in the 1960s, when Berlin was divided by the
968:
and eventually closed. The Paramount reopened after the
3065:"Reisenweber's Cafe: glamour, late nights and hot jazz"
2677:, 63 people killed, 200 injured in a nightclub fire at
2433:
cameras and speedlight flash units are typically used.
1195:
in New York City became popular and is the place where
1040:
Post-WWII: Emergence of the disc jockey and discothèque
785:
jazz, and bohemian clubs similar to those in New York,
655:
on November 23, 1889, becoming an overnight sensation.
68:
3460:. OXford Dictionaries. 30 October 2012. Archived from
1754:
1980s: New wave, post-punk, goth, rave, and acid house
793:. Nightclubs in London were tied much to the idea of "
4890:
Consumption: critical concepts in the social sciences
4531:"Toyah â Mayhem â Patcham Terrace, Battersea 1979-80"
3717:
magazine. (14 May 1965). Brewster, B.; Broughton, F.
3481:
3479:
1948:, also played a significant role in the evolution of
856:, there was a need to dance away the memories of the
506:
is commonly used in all others in Latin America). In
3909:"London Lost Music Venues: Rock Music 07 â UFO Club"
2576:, 51 killed at fire at Summerland leisure centre at
1597:" in Ibiza was the now-abandoned "Festival Club" at
1028:, there were underground discothèques patronized by
6853:
6650:
6607:
6389:
6186:
6145:
6105:
6047:
5981:
5945:
5423:"The hard cell: Should phones be allowed in clubs?"
4390:"History of Ibiza: How it all began | Skiddle"
4170:
Dyer, Richard. Only Entertainment. Routledge, 2002.
1955:Significant New York nightclubs of the period were
1156:, was small but popular; L'Interdit and Il Mio (at
1097:In London, by the end of the 1950s, several of the
275:
194:
163:
155:
137:
132:
5476:
4845:
4832:"How Soho's Wag Club Took on the West End and Won"
4758:"69 Dean Street and the making of UK club culture"
3764:
3762:
3578:Brewster, Bill; Broughton, Frank (December 2007).
3555:. Rock and Roll is a state of mind. Archived from
3033:Greenwich Village Society for History Preservation
2586:, 165 killed and 200 injured in nightclub fire at
1164:had an on-premises disco called Garrison; and the
1503:", and the "other quintessential 1970s club drug
1282:went in and out and which led to artists such as
837:who ran Bricktops. Jazz singer and Broadway star
618:called them "the first nightclubs". By contrast,
383:and other entertainment. Nightclubs often have a
5994:Index of drinking establishmentârelated articles
1873:, Revolution in Progress (RiP), Philip Sallon's
1652:(known for its David Bowie nights), Louise's on
1203:opened the "Arthur" discothèque in 1965 on East
841:and her husband Bert Hicks opened the nightclub
3867:"PINK FLOYD at the UFO club IN GLORIOUS COLOUR"
3433:"Old Shanghai's glamorous, rockin' night clubs"
2689:Suicide bombing at the Dolphinarium discothèque
2625:, 87 killed in a nightclub fire at Happy Land,
2229:Advance ticket sales for diverse nightclubs on
5212:The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
3736:
3734:
3516:"Meet Heinrich, the World's First Disc Jockey"
2543:in a nightclub just outside the small town of
2364:crowd or a crowd with a high concentration of
1936:, and several key European places like Paris (
1738:to flourish in the late 1980s, initially with
579:at the end of the 19th century. Stars such as
502:(common in Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay),
6369:
6025:
5744:
5451:"Berghain: Berlin's mysterious techno temple"
4710:"Pips Nightclub Manchester â 23rd April 1977"
4255:
4253:
4062:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 31.
3645:"20 colour snapshots of vibrant Soho in 1956"
3154:
3152:
1656:(the first true punk club and hangout of the
1183:opened a members-only discothèque nightclub,
348:
57:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
4183:. Tim Lawrence. 14 June 2005. Archived from
4136:Rietveld, Hillegonda C. (JulyâAugust 2000).
3695:New York Night: The Mystique and Its History
3602:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3026:"Webster Hall Landmark Status Certification"
2663:, 162 dead and 95 injured at a nightclub in
1361:club, having earlier been an upmarket jazz,
1317:club (at 43 King Street) and eventually the
466:
460:
127:
1762:A disc jockey (DJ) mixing vinyl records on
1460:Some cities had disco dance instructors or
426:, and behaviors. Nightclubs typically have
6376:
6362:
6354:
6102:
6032:
6018:
6010:
5751:
5737:
5729:
2973:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
2611:, 82 people were killed and 27 injured in
2510:, early dance club fire that killed 22 in
1301:movement spawned Britain's first club for
1102:in catering, to learn English, as well as
355:
341:
5239:
5050:. Law Think. 6 April 2011. Archived from
4085:Disco and the Queering of the Dance Floor
434:to screen prospective patrons for entry.
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
5317:The International Journal on Drug Policy
2410:
2309:
2265:
2245:this latter option is illegal under the
2224:
2171:
1357:. During the 1960s, the Clarendon was a
801:(which took its name from the political
6384:Nightclub fires, disasters, and attacks
4415:"BBC: How Ibiza's Party Really Started"
3553:"The Whiskey A Go Go (Los Angeles, CA)"
2888:
2475:violations. They also enforce a club's
1365:, and dancing club in the pre-War era.
5540:"Jenni Ward: Researching Drug Sellers"
3719:Last Night a Disc Jockey Saved My Life
3595:
3403:Boegel, Nathalie (17 September 2018).
3314:Oltermann, Philip (24 November 2017).
2810:, 55 killed and 180 injured in Romania
2087:in 1992 triggered the UK government's
1786:. These clubs grew out of the earlier
1476:dresses for women and shiny polyester
1368:In the north of England, the distinct
415:, with few or no seats for customers.
126:
4893:. Taylor & Francis. p. 447.
4670:"GAZ'S ROCKIN BLUES: A BRIEF HISTORY"
4492:History-is-made-at-night.blogspot.com
3935:Research records (formerly PastScape)
3819:"1960s London UFO Club, Rare Footage"
3193:"1940s and 1950s Nightclubs (London)"
3165:World city pleasure: Berlin 1880â1930
2011:and other dance music styles such as
658:The advent of the jukebox fueled the
7:
3514:Crossland, David (19 October 2009).
3486:Crossland, David (19 October 2009).
3375:[Berlin, capital of crime].
3371:Boegel, Nathalie (16 October 2017).
3161:WeltstadtvergnĂźgen: Berlin 1880â1930
2789:, 61 killed and at least 212 injured
2532:, 492 killed in a nightclub fire at
2442:stickers when one enters the venue.
2205:inclusion, and physical appearance.
6845:Colorado Springs nightclub shooting
4433:"The History Of Ibiza's Club Scene"
4207:Hispanic American Historical Review
4138:"The body and soul of club culture"
3619:"No holding back French disco diva"
3617:Schofield, Hugh (24 October 2005).
3373:"Berlin, Hauptstadt der Verbrechen"
2971:Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace,
2828:1 January 2017: At least 35 people
2639:, 17 killed in a nightclub fire at
1106:girls from most of western Europe.
880:(destroyed in WW2, replaced by the
670:'s involvement and police bribery.
4858:from the original on 21 June 2022.
4340:"The original Super Club of Ibiza"
2741:, 100 killed at nightclub fire in
2521:, 209 killed at nightclub fire at
2148:The 2020s started with the global
1668:, and then Blitz (the home of the
25:
6743:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
6509:República Cromaùón nightclub fire
5421:Izzy Hargreaves (24 March 2016).
4954:Lhooq, Michelle (14 April 2020).
4731:Cooper, Matthew (6 August 2017).
4451:"History of dance music in Ibiza"
3994:"The Twisted Wheel Club is BACK!"
3551:Johnny Pierre (6 December 2009).
3290:"Festival Map: Delphi Filmpalast"
2750:República Cromaùón nightclub fire
2558:, 15 killed after firebombing at
2162:certification of full vaccination
1718:, is still going as of 2020. The
797:", via organisations such as the
662:-era boom in underground illegal
5703:
5692:
5680:
5360:The Medical Journal of Australia
5177:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02030.x
4083:Lawerence, Tim (14 March 2011).
3745:(in German). pp. 212, 225.
3721:, Grove Press, 2000, pp. 62â64.
3342:Geschke, Linus (22 March 2013).
3091:"Debut of World's First Jukebox"
2803:, 242 died in stampede in Brazil
2450:Most nightclubs employ teams of
2425:In some nightclubs professional
1722:scene grew out of Blitz and the
720:had its own clubs including the
48:
27:Entertainment venue at nighttime
6895:Types of drinking establishment
6713:West Berlin discotheque bombing
5546:. 21 March 2008. Archived from
5449:Anna Poeltl (8 November 2016).
4776:"Gossips Club,69 Dean St, Soho"
4181:"Reviews of Love Saves the Day"
3743:Mjunik Disco â from 1949 to now
2734:, 21 killed and over 50 injured
217:electronic dance music festival
6815:Little Rock nightclub shooting
6491:CanecĂŁo Mineiro nightclub fire
6449:Beverly Hills Supper Club fire
5721:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
4468:Lewis, Tim (25 January 2013).
4245:venues in the 1980s and 1990s.
2584:Beverly Hills Supper Club fire
1012:where they danced to jazz and
1:
6809:Cincinnati nightclub shooting
6689:Puerto Rican Social Club fire
6593:Fonda Milagros nightclub fire
5411:, Digital Photography Bureau.
4510:Daily.redbullmusicacademy.com
1952:, DJ culture, and nightlife.
1742:and two acid house nights at
1613:(renamed Privilege in 1995).
1258:, the underwater discothèque
912:of the city was dominated by
6833:Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire
6827:Salamanca nightclub shooting
6671:UpStairs Lounge arson attack
6533:Sighetu MarmaČiei explosions
5711:travel guide from Wikivoyage
5700:travel guide from Wikivoyage
5601:Cambridge English Dictionary
5402:"Nightclub Photography Tips"
5329:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.011
4034:"A Look Back At Cleethorpes"
2897:"How to ... run a clubnight"
2394:A big issue that stems from
2085:Castlemorton Common Festival
2076:in Munich; and Stammheim in
1857:(on the site of the earlier
1542:" that included an animated
1355:The Clarendon in Hammersmith
705:. These nightclubs featured
631:is credited for introducing
39:Discothèque (disambiguation)
6803:Istanbul nightclub shooting
6761:Columbus nightclub shooting
6731:Gothenburg discothèque fire
6575:Binh Duong karaoke bar fire
5483:. Oxford University Press.
4985:Manchestereveningnews.co.uk
3582:. Grove Press. p. 50.
2705:, 202 killed by large bombs
2675:Gothenburg discothèque fire
2405:driving under the influence
1822:-influenced bands included
1707:, the Bromley Contingent's
1676:was a key part of the jazz-
1408:groups such as gay people,
557:New York's theater district
71:, discuss the issue on the
32:Night Club (disambiguation)
6936:
6797:Orlando nightclub shooting
6545:New Taipei water park fire
6503:The Station nightclub fire
5570:"Definition of FLOOR SHOW"
4270:American Heritage Magazine
3956:"Middle Earth Club London"
3169:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
2832:on the Reina nightclub in
2739:The Station nightclub fire
2724:2003 E2 nightclub stampede
2498:
1991:players for mixing music (
1523:'s menu for a night out."
1077:In Paris, at a club named
677:Americans would gather at
371:is a club that is open at
164:Types of street rave dance
36:
29:
6785:Tel Aviv nightclub attack
6707:Dallas nightclub shooting
6677:Gulliver's nightclub fire
6599:Gayrettepe nightclub fire
6569:Mountain B nightclub fire
6557:Ghost Ship warehouse fire
6419:Karlslust dance hall fire
6296:
5766:
5597:"FLOOR SHOW | definition"
5278:10.1080/15389580802597054
5266:Traffic Injury Prevention
5224:10.3109/00952990903544836
4931:10.1007/978-3-322-83316-7
4925:(in German). p. 85.
4506:"Nightclubbing: Crackers"
3931:"THE UFO CLUB (1439208)"
3891:"At The UFO Club, London"
2547:, Isère in south-eastern
1624:1970s: Glam and punk rock
1309:(at the Blarney Club, 31
1081:, founded in 1947 on the
1004:dance were banned by the
970:communist victory in 1949
966:Japanese invasion of 1937
673:From about 1900 to 1920,
391:(usually simply known as
336:
115:perform at the nightclub
6920:Organized crime activity
6870:(cause of death unknown)
6868:Enyobeni Tavern disaster
6725:Otherside Lounge bombing
6618:Throb nightclub disaster
6587:Poipet casino hotel fire
6485:Volendam New Year's fire
6461:AlcalĂĄ 20 nightclub fire
5656:Russian News Agency TASS
5518:10.1177/0038038505050537
5407:15 November 2017 at the
4488:"Louise's and Sombreros"
3895:Adam Ritchie Photography
3243:Underneath A Harlem Moon
2877:Outline of entertainment
2817:(shooting spree) at the
2813:12 June 2016: 49 people
2609:AlcalĂĄ 20 nightclub fire
2295:may apply a dress code (
2291:Certain nightclubs like
1572:Come On and Dance, Dance
1530:, which was operated by
498:(common in Mexico), and
6773:Arua nightclub shooting
6551:Colectiv nightclub fire
6080:Illuminated dance floor
5872:Military officers' club
5760:Drinking establishments
5129:Drug and Alcohol Review
5011:(subscription required)
4887:Miller, Daniel (2001).
4737:Manchester Evening News
4696:Manchester Evening News
4692:"Pips Disco Manchester"
4301:"1977: Studio 54 opens"
3240:Iain Cameron Williams,
2808:Colectiv nightclub fire
2501:List of nightclub fires
1979:1990s, 2000s, and 2010s
1750:their name that night.
1599:Sant Josep de sa Talaia
1566:, a recently renovated
1191:, London. In 1962, the
1109:A well known venue was
936:, and gangsters alike.
643:Jukebox and prohibition
397:laser lighting displays
6862:Pickwick Club collapse
6821:Thousand Oaks shooting
6749:Myojo 56 building fire
6563:YaoundĂŠ nightclub fire
6479:Luoyang Christmas fire
6300:List of disco artists
6075:Disco Demolition Night
4058:Lawrence, Tim (2006).
3131:South Florida Reporter
2417:
2318:
2275:
2234:
2177:
2136:since the late 1980s.
2134:electronic dance music
2069:KW â Das Heizkraftwerk
1996:
1987:Club DJ using digital
1924:and 051), Manchester (
1771:
1711:, and Chris Sullivan.
1266:, where stars such as
974:The Red Capitol Cinema
860:. In Berlin, where a "
852:In Germany during the
762:
476:
467:
461:
456:
395:) with a dance floor,
142:Electronic dance music
124:
6791:Cairo restaurant fire
6665:Whiskey Au Go Go fire
6497:UtopĂa nightclub fire
4645:"Gaz's Rockin' Blues"
4620:"Gaz's Rockin' Blues"
4038:Northernsoulers.co.uk
4016:Northernsoulers.co.uk
3998:Manchestersfinest.com
3069:Boweryboyshistory.com
2985:Eric Ferrara (2009).
2949:Timothy J. Gilfoyle,
2556:Whiskey Au Go Go fire
2545:Saint-Laurent-du-Pont
2414:
2313:
2269:
2228:
2175:
1986:
1761:
1746:: Spectrum and Rage.
1359:country & western
1111:Les Enfants Terribles
952:(opened in 1933) and
948:, the big clubs were
752:
687:repeal of Prohibition
587:were among the early
465:(outdated; nowadays:
110:
6701:Droppin Well bombing
6683:Gargantua bar attack
6425:Top Storey Club fire
6096:Saturday Night Fever
5689:at Wikimedia Commons
5400:Papasergis, George.
4116:Life Stories Network
4101:25.2 (2011): 230â43.
3458:"The birth of disco"
3095:Mystic Stamp Company
3011:Lewis A. Erenberg,
2757:Gatecrasher One Fire
2578:Douglas, Isle of Man
2306:Exclusive nightclubs
2180:Many nightclubs use
2089:Criminal Justice Act
1834:vibe bands included
1495:(nicknamed "blow"),
1311:Tottenham Court Road
1160:) were private; the
908:. In the 1920s, the
77:create a new article
69:improve this article
59:may not represent a
30:For other uses, see
6915:Underground culture
6905:Restaurants by type
6659:Blue Bird CafĂŠ fire
6642:Los Olivos stampede
6630:El ParaĂso stampede
6539:Kiss nightclub fire
6443:Summerland disaster
6437:Play Town Club fire
6431:Club Cinq-Sept fire
6413:Cocoanut Grove fire
5544:Socresonline.org.uk
5475:Dick Hobbs (2003).
5372:10.5694/mja15.00637
4876:. 15 November 2018.
4800:. 19 December 2008.
4762:Shapersofthe80s.com
4720:on 30 October 2021.
4680:on 30 October 2021.
4624:Shapersofthe80s.com
4543:on 30 October 2021.
4494:. 6 September 2007.
4437:Addictedtoibiza.com
4277:(7). Archived from
3879:on 30 October 2021.
3855:on 30 October 2021.
3795:Schauberger, Anja.
3269:Screenonline.org.uk
3246:, Continuum, 2002,
3230:on 30 October 2021.
3133:. 27 November 2019.
3097:. 23 November 2018.
2936:Lewis A. Erenberg,
2830:killed in an attack
2815:killed in an attack
2801:Kiss nightclub fire
2603:Republic of Ireland
2574:Summerland disaster
2551:; 146 people killed
2541:Club Cinq-Sept fire
2536:, Massachusetts, US
2530:Cocoanut Grove fire
2506:20 September 1929:
2435:Concert photography
1716:Gaz's Rockin' Blues
1487:, particularly for
1335:Fairport Convention
1113:at 93 Dean St., in
424:personal belongings
133:General information
129:
6767:Stage Club bombing
6737:Panda Bar massacre
6695:Denmark Place fire
6636:Corinaldo stampede
6624:E2 nightclub crush
6581:Kostroma cafĂŠ fire
5724:. Merriam-Webster.
5455:theculturetrip.com
4798:Interview Magazine
4764:. 16 October 2009.
4674:YouTube / Spine TV
4344:Thewhiteisle.co.uk
4281:on 5 February 2010
4000:. 2 November 2017.
3915:. 10 January 2011.
3540:. 9 December 2019.
3464:on 6 November 2012
3071:. 26 February 2010
2991:. pp. 79â80.
2905:. 12 November 2012
2748:30 December 2004:
2737:20 February 2003:
2722:17 February 2003:
2703:2002 Bali bombings
2635:20 December 1993:
2607:17 December 1983:
2593:14 February 1981:
2528:28 November 1942:
2418:
2319:
2276:
2235:
2178:
2156:platforms such as
2154:video-conferencing
1997:
1849:With the birth of
1772:
1666:Bromley Contingent
1576:Trocadero Transfer
1489:recreational drugs
1378:Twisted Wheel Club
1094:-style nightclub.
1090:post-World War II
1032:youth called the "
984:World War II years
950:The Paramount Club
845:on Rue Pigalle in
763:
629:Reisenweber's Cafe
575:, settling around
399:, and a stage for
125:
6877:
6876:
6521:Santika Club fire
6351:
6350:
6326:Four on the floor
6153:Afro/cosmic music
6141:
6140:
6007:
6006:
5685:Media related to
5658:. 9 December 2009
5490:978-0-19-925224-4
5141:10.1111/dar.12155
5054:on 8 January 2014
4987:. 19 August 2020.
4940:978-3-531-13228-0
4900:978-0-415-24269-1
4854:. 13 April 1994.
4602:Soho Radio London
4455:Discoveribiza.com
4328:. 12 August 2019.
4263:(November 1999).
4261:Braunstein, Peter
4230:on 8 January 2014
4022:on 4 August 2020.
3982:. 2 January 2011.
2806:30 October 2015:
2799:27 January 2013:
2792:5 December 2009:
2771:Santika Club fire
2708:7 December 2002:
2701:12 October 2002:
2673:30 October 1998:
2539:1 November 1970:
2525:, Mississippi, US
2495:Serious incidents
2439:event photography
2293:fetish nightclubs
2247:Equality Act 2010
2150:COVID-19 pandemic
2093:Ministry of Sound
1938:Les Bains-Douches
1859:The Flamingo Club
1552:Roseland Ballroom
1427:independent woman
1418:Italian Americans
1410:African Americans
1394:acrobatic dancing
1372:movement spanned
1303:psychedelic music
1297:In parallel, the
1193:Peppermint Lounge
1126:The Flamingo Club
1087:RĂŠgine Zylberberg
882:Delphi Filmpalast
807:Pall Mall, London
765:Pre-World War II
365:
364:
186:Melbourne Shuffle
119:on the island of
105:
104:
97:
79:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
6927:
6779:London car bombs
6515:Wuwang Club fire
6473:Ozone Disco fire
6407:Rhythm Club fire
6378:
6371:
6364:
6355:
6103:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6011:
5989:Drinking culture
5907:(Western) saloon
5771:Alcohol-free bar
5753:
5746:
5739:
5730:
5725:
5707:
5696:
5684:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5628:. 5 January 2010
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5550:on 16 April 2008
5536:
5530:
5529:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5482:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5418:
5412:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5243:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5108:. Socialyeti.com
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5009:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4716:. Archived from
4706:
4700:
4699:
4698:. 6 August 2017.
4688:
4682:
4681:
4676:. Archived from
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4604:. Archived from
4598:"Chris Sullivan"
4594:
4588:
4587:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4539:. Archived from
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4226:. Archived from
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4148:. Archived from
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4108:
4102:
4099:Cultural Studies
4095:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4018:. Archived from
4008:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3927:Historic England
3923:
3917:
3916:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3875:. Archived from
3863:
3857:
3856:
3851:. Archived from
3839:
3833:
3832:
3831:on 1 March 2020.
3827:. Archived from
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3738:
3729:
3712:
3706:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3593:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3559:on 24 April 2010
3548:
3542:
3541:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3261:
3255:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3226:. Archived from
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3197:Britishpathe.com
3189:
3183:
3182:
3156:
3147:
3144:Roger Wolfe Kahn
3141:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:on 28 April 2017
3041:
3035:. Archived from
3030:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2893:
2769:1 January 2009:
2661:Ozone Disco fire
2560:Fortitude Valley
2519:Rhythm Club fire
2473:liquor licensing
2071:
2027:clientele, play
1804:The Human League
1448:
1392:, known for the
1386:Cleethorpes Pier
1260:Yellow Submarine
1150:Village Vanguard
1134:rhythm and blues
1085:by Paul Pacine,
1079:Le Whisky Ă Gogo
898:Gourmenia-Palast
734:Roger Wolfe Kahn
639:to New Yorkers.
616:Timothy Gilfoyle
470:
464:
451:
357:
350:
343:
227:acid house party
130:
100:
93:
89:
86:
80:
52:
51:
44:
21:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6849:
6719:Happy Land fire
6646:
6603:
6527:Lame Horse fire
6401:Study Club fire
6385:
6382:
6352:
6347:
6292:
6182:
6137:
6101:
6043:
6038:
6008:
6003:
5977:
5941:
5762:
5757:
5714:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5661:
5659:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5575:Merriam-Webster
5568:
5567:
5563:
5553:
5551:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5409:Wayback Machine
5399:
5395:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5086:on 17 June 2016
5083:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5010:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4874:CR Fashion Book
4868:
4867:
4863:
4852:The Independent
4844:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4817:TheGuardian.com
4810:
4809:
4805:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4608:on 15 May 2017.
4596:
4595:
4591:
4584:Gq-magazine.com
4578:
4577:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4439:. 5 March 2013.
4431:
4430:
4426:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4365:"Festival Club"
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4284:
4282:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4233:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4187:on 12 July 2007
4179:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4152:on 26 June 2007
4135:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3776:. 26 April 2016
3768:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3713:
3709:
3693:Mark Caldwell,
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
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3545:
3534:"Whisky Ă gogo"
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2923:Justin Kaplan,
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2843:
2819:Pulse nightclub
2794:Lame Horse fire
2659:18 March 1996:
2623:Happy Land fire
2621:25 March 1990:
2572:2 August 1973:
2517:23 April 1940:
2508:Study Club fire
2503:
2497:
2485:
2456:metal detectors
2448:
2423:
2378:
2376:Substance abuse
2308:
2264:
2223:
2170:
2146:
2109:Juliana's Tokyo
2067:
2025:early adulthood
1981:
1784:Club for Heroes
1756:
1693:Patcham Terrace
1636:, David Bowie,
1626:
1564:Paradise Garage
1540:Man in the Moon
1485:drug subculture
1446:
1402:
1382:Blackpool Mecca
1284:Giorgio Moroder
1276:Freddie Mercury
1189:Berkeley Square
1170:Electric Circus
1146:
1042:
1000:music, and the
990:occupied France
986:
976:, dedicated to
942:
858:First World War
854:Golden Twenties
843:La Grosse Pomme
831:Josephine Baker
747:
742:
645:
620:Owney Geoghegan
606:cards, chiefly
585:Lillian Russell
545:
540:
447:
444:
361:
332:
271:
237:trance festival
190:
138:Genres included
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5675:External links
5673:
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5561:
5531:
5512:(2): 241â258.
5496:
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5255:
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5119:
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5014:
4998:Spicer, Kate.
4990:
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4913:
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4879:
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4837:
4834:. 11 May 2016.
4823:
4820:. 8 July 2016.
4803:
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4611:
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4586:. 26 May 2019.
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4142:UNESCO Courier
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2753:
2746:
2745:, Rhode Island
2735:
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2699:
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2671:
2657:
2647:
2633:
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2605:
2591:
2590:, Kentucky, US
2580:
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2554:8 March 1973:
2552:
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2514:, Michigan, US
2499:Main article:
2496:
2493:
2484:
2481:
2447:
2444:
2422:
2419:
2377:
2374:
2370:bottle service
2366:fashion models
2317:at a nightclub
2315:Bottle service
2307:
2304:
2274:at a nightclub
2272:fetish fashion
2263:
2260:
2243:United Kingdom
2222:
2219:
2169:
2168:Entry criteria
2166:
2145:
2142:
2122:in Berlin and
1980:
1977:
1895:Nicky Holloway
1887:Paul Oakenfold
1879:Danny Rampling
1755:
1752:
1720:new wave music
1689:Mayhem Studios
1662:Siouxsie Sioux
1625:
1622:
1401:
1398:
1272:Keith Richards
1264:Mrs. Henderson
1145:
1142:
1130:Wardour Street
1041:
1038:
985:
982:
941:
938:
906:Haus Vaterland
819:Gerrard Street
746:
743:
741:
738:
644:
641:
573:Madison Square
544:
541:
539:
536:
443:
440:
375:, usually for
363:
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276:Related topics
273:
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207:metal festival
204:
202:Music festival
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195:Related events
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63:of the subject
61:worldwide view
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6455:Stardust fire
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6060:Circuit party
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4649:Gazrockin.com
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4369:Atlas Obscura
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3589:9781555846114
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3437:Thatsmags.com
3434:
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3249:
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3008:
3005:
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2998:9781614233039
2994:
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2978:
2975:(1999) p 1148
2974:
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2898:
2892:
2889:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Nightclub act
2865:
2863:
2862:Go-go dancing
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
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2687:1 June 2001:
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2666:
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2658:
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2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:New York City
2628:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:Stardust fire
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:28 May 1977:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
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2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:photographers
2420:
2413:
2409:
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2385:
2383:
2375:
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2347:New York City
2344:
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2328:
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2298:
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2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2217:individuals.
2216:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2163:
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2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
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2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:Natraj Temple
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1965:The Limelight
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:Quadrant Park
1919:
1916:(The Orbit),
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:The Mudd Club
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:Gargoyle Club
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:Camden Palace
1777:
1769:
1768:Inland Empire
1765:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:Charing Cross
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1709:Philip Sallon
1706:
1705:Steve Strange
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:Toyah Willcox
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:Poland Street
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:United States
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:cocaine spoon
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:dance schools
1458:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:northern soul
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
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1308:
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1300:
1295:
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1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:go-go dancing
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:rock and roll
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:youth called
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
983:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:Palais am Zoo
891:
890:Femina-Palast
887:
883:
879:
878:Delphi-Palast
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
839:Adelaide Hall
836:
832:
827:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:CafĂŠ de Paris
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
760:
756:
751:
744:
739:
737:
735:
731:
730:Vincent Lopez
727:
726:Paul Whiteman
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:working class
671:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
653:San Francisco
650:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:United States
543:Early history
542:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
463:
458:
454:
450:
441:
439:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
338:
335:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
278:
274:
268:
265:
263:
262:circuit party
260:
258:
255:
253:
252:free festival
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
222:technoparades
220:
218:
215:
213:
212:rock festival
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
197:
193:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
131:
122:
118:
114:
109:
99:
96:
88:
85:December 2021
78:
74:
70:
64:
62:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
6467:Kheyvis fire
6393:(accidental)
6340:
6261:Manila sound
6094:
6090:Roller disco
6084:
6055:Ball culture
5999:List of bars
5912:Saloon (bar)
5876:
5719:
5660:. Retrieved
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5600:
5591:
5579:. Retrieved
5573:
5564:
5552:. Retrieved
5548:the original
5543:
5534:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5478:
5470:
5458:. Retrieved
5454:
5444:
5432:. Retrieved
5426:
5416:
5396:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5218:(1): 39â45.
5215:
5211:
5201:
5171:(1): 60â65.
5168:
5164:
5157:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5110:. Retrieved
5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5081:the original
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5052:the original
5042:
5032:18 September
5030:. Retrieved
5026:
5017:
5003:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4963:. Retrieved
4959:
4949:
4922:
4916:
4904:. Retrieved
4889:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4851:
4840:
4826:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4788:
4779:
4770:
4761:
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4736:
4726:
4718:the original
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4678:the original
4673:
4664:
4654:18 September
4652:. Retrieved
4648:
4639:
4627:. Retrieved
4623:
4614:
4606:the original
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4564:18 September
4562:. Retrieved
4558:
4549:
4541:the original
4534:
4525:
4515:18 September
4513:. Retrieved
4509:
4500:
4491:
4482:
4474:The Guardian
4473:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4399:18 September
4397:. Retrieved
4393:
4384:
4374:18 September
4372:. Retrieved
4368:
4359:
4349:18 September
4347:. Retrieved
4343:
4334:
4320:
4308:. Retrieved
4304:
4295:
4283:. Retrieved
4279:the original
4274:
4268:
4239:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4223:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:the original
4175:
4166:
4154:. Retrieved
4150:the original
4145:
4141:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4098:
4093:
4084:
4078:
4059:
4053:
4043:18 September
4041:. Retrieved
4037:
4028:
4020:the original
4015:
4006:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3959:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3934:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3877:the original
3870:
3861:
3853:the original
3846:
3837:
3829:the original
3822:
3813:
3801:. Retrieved
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3742:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3694:
3689:
3679:18 September
3677:. Retrieved
3674:Adrian Stern
3673:
3664:
3654:18 September
3652:. Retrieved
3648:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3622:
3612:
3579:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3557:the original
3546:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3491:
3466:. Retrieved
3462:the original
3452:
3442:18 September
3440:. Retrieved
3436:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3408:
3383:. Retrieved
3376:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3347:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3321:The Guardian
3319:
3309:
3299:18 September
3297:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3274:18 September
3272:. Retrieved
3268:
3259:
3242:
3236:
3228:the original
3221:
3212:
3202:18 September
3200:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3164:
3160:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3075:18 September
3073:. Retrieved
3068:
3059:
3051:
3044:. Retrieved
3037:the original
3032:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2900:
2891:
2775:Santika Club
2743:West Warwick
2710:Cowgate fire
2641:Buenos Aires
2637:Kheyvis fire
2486:
2449:
2424:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2359:
2320:
2301:
2290:
2286:Rave parties
2284:
2281:
2277:
2256:
2239:cover charge
2236:
2221:Cover charge
2207:
2179:
2164:upon entry.
2147:
2128:
2117:
2082:
2037:
1998:
1972:rave culture
1969:
1954:
1926:The Haçienda
1908:cities like
1904:The largest
1903:
1871:Clink Street
1855:The Wag Club
1848:
1840:Leigh Bowery
1828:Culture Club
1796:Depeche Mode
1773:
1748:
1732:New Romantic
1724:Cha Cha Club
1713:
1682:
1627:
1615:
1588:
1571:
1536:Ian Schrager
1532:Steve Rubell
1525:
1497:amyl nitrite
1482:
1468:", and the "
1459:
1451:
1440:
1406:marginalized
1403:
1400:1970s: Disco
1390:Wigan Casino
1367:
1343:Jimi Hendrix
1339:Arthur Brown
1331:Procol Harum
1327:Soft Machine
1315:Middle Earth
1296:
1288:Donna Summer
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1228:PN hit-house
1213:
1201:Sybil Burton
1199:originated.
1174:
1147:
1124:
1108:
1096:
1091:
1083:rue de Seine
1076:
1064:Connie's Inn
1061:
1046:
1043:
1026:Nazi Germany
1010:discothèques
1009:
987:
943:
922:small booths
901:
897:
893:
851:
842:
828:
823:Kate Meyrick
803:Kit-Cat Club
799:Kit Kat Club
795:high society
775:cafĂŠ society
764:
714:Texas Guinan
711:
672:
657:
646:
625:Webster Hall
597:
591:performers.
577:Times Square
569:Union Square
546:
532:hostess club
519:
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
492:
445:
436:
417:
392:
388:
368:
366:
313:Sound system
267:concert tour
91:
82:
58:
6219:Future funk
6187:Derivations
6178:Space disco
6168:Italo disco
5817:Coffeehouse
5807:Cider house
5782:Beer garden
5716:"Nightclub"
5554:15 February
5090:15 February
4780:Urban75.org
4394:Skiddle.com
4305:History.com
3670:"The songs"
3563:11 February
3538:Paris Match
3520:Der Spiegel
3413:(in German)
3410:Der Spiegel
3381:(in German)
3378:Der Spiegel
3352:(in German)
3349:Der Spiegel
2909:15 February
2857:Dance party
2852:Dance music
2669:Philippines
2665:Quezon City
2460:party drugs
2431:Digital SLR
2421:Photography
2335:Los Angeles
2270:Dancers in
2211:celebrities
2195:sports bars
2126:in London.
2097:Renaissance
2064:Ultraschall
2056:Dorian Gray
2054:; Omen and
2013:electronica
2001:house music
1851:house music
1808:Duran Duran
1776:the Batcave
1658:Sex Pistols
1650:Dean Street
1548:42nd Street
1513:promiscuity
1470:cha-cha-cha
1455:psychedelic
1431:cross-genre
1280:David Bowie
1268:Mick Jagger
1256:Sugar Shack
1205:54th Street
1181:Mark Birley
1172:, and Dom.
1158:Delmonico's
1154:Drake Hotel
1138:the Beatles
1099:coffee bars
1092:discothèque
1068:Cotton Club
1062:In the US,
1053:Scotch-Club
1049:disc jockey
1014:swing music
914:party drugs
821:was run by
722:Cotton Club
683:juke joints
679:honky tonks
660:Prohibition
612:horseracing
593:Prostitutes
581:Edwin Booth
477:discothèque
442:Terminology
428:dress codes
405:disc jockey
389:discothèque
308:Loudspeaker
293:Disc jockey
6890:Nightclubs
6884:Categories
6331:LGBT music
6286:Dance-rock
6281:Dance-punk
6271:Post-disco
6070:Disco ball
6048:Subculture
5946:By country
5932:Toddy shop
5897:Ratskeller
5857:Juke joint
5837:Honky tonk
5687:Nightclubs
5632:17 January
5366:(9): 366.
5323:: 96â103.
4220:"Nitrites"
4112:"Gay bars"
3780:28 October
3727:0802136885
3703:0743274784
3649:Bfi.org.uk
3629:30 January
3046:5 February
2883:References
2847:Dance hall
2679:Gothenburg
2483:Floor show
2477:dress code
2400:drug abuse
2355:Soho House
2262:Dress code
2203:guest list
2199:dress code
2095:(London),
1961:Danceteria
1940:), Ibiza (
1910:Birmingham
1832:electronic
1824:Boy George
1812:Eurythmics
1764:turntables
1736:acid house
1701:Rusty Egan
1670:Blitz Kids
1638:Roxy Music
1609:, and the
1582:, and the
1568:Copacabana
1517:public sex
1443:PA systems
1436:homosexual
1388:, and the
1374:Manchester
1323:Pink Floyd
1319:Roundhouse
1244:Piper Club
1166:Stork Club
1162:El Morocco
1034:Swing Kids
962:Jazz bands
904:, and the
847:Montmartre
829:In Paris,
809:) and the
703:Stork Club
701:, and the
699:El Morocco
695:Copacabana
600:vaudeville
493:discoteca,
485:Portuguese
401:live music
318:Club drugs
303:Light beam
257:free party
181:Rebolation
150:Jazz music
146:Rock music
18:Night-club
6209:Eurodance
6194:Acid jazz
6158:Eurodisco
6146:Subgenres
6123:Para Para
6085:Nightclub
6065:Club drug
5953:Australia
5892:Pulqueria
5877:Nightclub
5852:Juice bar
5812:Cigar bar
5792:Biker bar
5787:Beer hall
5709:Nightclub
5662:8 January
5526:145212892
5506:Sociology
5337:1873-4758
5302:205882865
5286:1538-9588
5232:0095-2990
5185:1360-0443
5165:Addiction
5058:8 January
5027:Lbc.co.uk
5005:The Times
4965:20 August
4960:Bloomberg
4906:8 January
4559:Toyah.net
4234:8 January
4224:DrugScope
4191:8 January
4156:8 January
3598:cite book
3499:4 January
3468:8 January
3294:Berlinale
2825:, Florida
2761:Sheffield
2714:Edinburgh
2645:Argentina
2627:The Bronx
2588:Southgate
2568:Australia
2469:fire code
2465:stampedes
2339:Melbourne
2130:Video art
2113:The Cross
2105:Liverpool
2060:Frankfurt
2033:dance-pop
2017:breakbeat
2009:Eurodance
1930:Newcastle
1918:Liverpool
1867:Warehouse
1697:Battersea
1687:with her
1664:plus the
1642:punk rock
1630:glam rock
1595:Superclub
1528:Studio 54
1347:John Peel
1224:Big Apple
1209:Manhattan
1185:Annabel's
1030:anti-Nazi
1002:jitterbug
958:Canidrome
944:In 1930s
910:nightlife
902:Uhlandeck
866:Moka Efti
783:burlesque
755:jazz band
707:big bands
668:Al Capone
664:speakeasy
528:euphemism
462:Diskothek
449:âšSee Tfdâş
369:nightclub
176:Para Para
159:Worldwide
128:Nightclub
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6342:Category
6266:New wave
6214:Eurobeat
6199:City pop
6173:Nu-disco
6133:Waacking
6113:Discofox
5982:See also
5937:Wine bar
5927:Tiki bar
5917:Teahouse
5827:Fern bar
5822:Dive bar
5778:(saloon)
5626:Interfax
5405:Archived
5388:25481774
5380:26510806
5345:28343115
5294:19333829
5250:20141395
5193:17996008
5149:24975881
4856:Archived
4310:14 March
3961:Facebook
3705:, p. 314
3697:, 2005,
3623:BBC News
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3356:16 March
2841:See also
2836:, Turkey
2834:Istanbul
2787:Thailand
2779:Watthana
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2718:Scotland
2693:Tel Aviv
2564:Brisbane
2452:bouncers
2362:affluent
2182:bouncers
2120:Berghain
1995:, 2010s)
1950:clubbing
1899:The Trip
1891:Spectrum
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1788:Mandrake
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1240:Hot Club
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930:lesbians
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773:offered
740:Pre-WWII
604:gambling
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567:through
565:Broadway
553:New York
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432:bouncers
413:stadiums
409:theatres
377:drinking
247:algorave
242:teknival
156:Location
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6224:Hip-hop
6204:Electro
6128:Popping
5963:Ireland
5902:Shebeen
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5842:Ice bar
5832:Gay bar
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5652:Vzglyad
5606:2 April
5581:2 April
5241:5824634
5112:9 March
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4714:YouTube
4629:22 June
4536:YouTube
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4265:"Disco"
3940:6 March
3872:YouTube
3848:YouTube
3824:YouTube
3803:5 March
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2327:Chicago
2323:Atlanta
2251:doorman
2186:clients
2029:hip hop
1944:), and
1934:Swansea
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1104:au pair
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779:cabaret
759:cabaret
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649:jukebox
637:cabaret
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538:History
500:boliche
489:Spanish
481:Italian
381:dancing
123:in 2015
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6106:Dances
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6860:1925
6854:Other
6843:2022
6837:2022
6831:2019
6825:2019
6819:2018
6813:2017
6807:2017
6801:2017
6795:2016
6789:2015
6783:2011
6777:2007
6771:2006
6765:2005
6759:2004
6753:2002
6747:2001
6741:2001
6735:1998
6729:1998
6723:1997
6717:1990
6711:1986
6705:1984
6699:1982
6693:1980
6687:1976
6681:1975
6675:1974
6669:1973
6663:1973
6657:1972
6640:2020
6634:2018
6628:2018
6622:2003
6616:2000
6597:2024
6591:2023
6585:2022
6579:2022
6573:2022
6567:2022
6561:2022
6555:2016
6549:2015
6543:2015
6537:2013
6531:2012
6525:2009
6519:2009
6513:2008
6507:2004
6501:2003
6495:2002
6489:2001
6483:2001
6477:2000
6471:1996
6465:1993
6459:1983
6453:1981
6447:1977
6441:1973
6435:1972
6429:1970
6423:1961
6417:1947
6411:1942
6405:1940
6399:1929
6391:Fires
6254:Italo
6244:Funky
6229:House
6041:Disco
5862:Jumak
5522:S2CID
5384:S2CID
5298:S2CID
5084:(PDF)
5077:(PDF)
3625:. BBC
3163:[
3113:Wired
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2655:China
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2343:Miami
2231:Ibiza
2144:2020s
2138:VJing
2101:Cream
1942:Pacha
1914:Leeds
1883:Shoom
1844:Taboo
1800:Yazoo
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1603:Pacha
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373:night
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5664:2014
5634:2010
5608:2022
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5556:2016
5485:ISBN
5462:2017
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5376:PMID
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5333:ISSN
5290:PMID
5282:ISSN
5246:PMID
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5114:2013
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5060:2014
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4967:2021
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4193:2014
4158:2014
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3805:2020
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3604:link
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3470:2014
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3387:2020
3358:2020
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3276:2023
3248:ISBN
3204:2023
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3048:2014
2993:ISBN
2911:2016
2902:Fact
2872:Rave
2437:and
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2389:STDs
2297:BDSM
2193:and
2191:pubs
2158:Zoom
2083:The
1957:Area
1826:and
1678:funk
1534:and
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1353:and
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1051:was
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