511:
488:
958:
989:
40:
1582:
31:
2386:
811:
Use of nifurtimox should be avoided in pregnant women due to limited use. There is limited data shown that nifurtimox doses up to 15 mg/kg daily can cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Other authors do not consider breastfeeding a contraindication during nifurtimox use.
1509:
Priotto G, Kasparian S, Mutombo W, Ngouama D, Ghorashian S, Arnold U, et al. (July 2009). "Nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy for second-stage
African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis: a multicentre, randomised, phase III, non-inferiority trial".
802:
and nifurtimox is safer and easier than treatment with eflornithine alone, and appears to be equally or more effective. It has been recommended as first-line treatment for second-stage
African trypanosomiasis.
915:
Nifurtimox forms a nitro-anion radical metabolite that reacts with nucleic acids of the parasite causing significant breakdown of DNA. Its mechanism is similar to that proposed for the antibacterial action of
737:. It is not available commercially in Canada. It was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2020. In regions of the world where the disease is common nifurtimox is provided for free by the
1391:
Pepin J, Milord F, Mpia B, Meurice F, Ethier L, DeGroof D, Bruneel H (1989). "An open clinical trial of nifurtimox for arseno-resistant
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in central Zaire".
772:
in children and adolescents (birth to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb) for the treatment of Chagas disease (American
Trypanosomiasis), caused by
2441:
138:
663:
1908:
1001:
Nifurtimox is licensed for use in
Argentina, the United States, Turkey and Germany amongst others. It was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2020.
1429:"Equivalence trial of melarsoprol and nifurtimox monotherapy and combination therapy for the treatment of second-stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness"
583:
700:
70:
619:
907:
Nifurtimox is contraindicated in people with severe liver or kidney disease, as well as people with a background of neurological or psychiatric disorders.
1639:
714:
Common side effects include abdominal pain, headache, nausea, and weight loss. There are concerns from animal studies that it may increase the risk of
820:
Side effects occur following chronic administration, particularly in elderly people. Major toxicities include immediate hypersensitivity such as
1645:
2340:
1901:
734:
1718:
Castro JA, de Mecca MM, Bartel LC (August 2006). "Toxic side effects of drugs used to treat Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis)".
2133:
1114:
2416:
1576:
639:
1894:
1831:
1784:"Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the undetermined phase. Experience and current guidelines of treatment in Argentina"
1607:
1240:
1044:
275:
178:
94:
2406:
2376:
1564:
1120:
1087:
753:, when it is given for 30 to 60 days. However, long-term use of nifurtimox does increase chances of adverse events like
380:
1326:
2357:
467:
113:
787:
involvement). When nifurtimox is given on its own, about half of all patients will relapse, but the combination of
1148:
738:
2436:
2411:
2345:
1955:
1427:
Bisser S, N'Siesi FX, Lejon V, Preux PM, Van
Nieuwenhove S, Miaka Mia Bilenge C, Būscher P (February 2007).
780:
692:
233:
124:
506:
2301:
2083:
784:
754:
456:
2446:
2240:
2091:
2087:
769:
594:
1886:
2426:
2001:
1727:
941:
241:
1669:
Forsyth CJ, Hernandez S, Olmedo W, Abuhamidah A, Traina MI, Sanchez DR, et al. (October 2016).
1633:
1191:
Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA, Dantas RO, et al. (November 2007).
2421:
2141:
2122:
2072:
708:
483:
295:
131:
1985:
1946:
1858:
1761:
1545:
2203:
765:
is now being more considered for those who have Chagas disease and require long-term treatment.
647:
InChI=1S/C10H13N3O5S/c1-8-7-19(16,17)5-4-12(8)11-6-9-2-3-10(18-9)13(14)15/h2-3,6,8H,4-5,7H2,1H3
2431:
2108:
1857:
for "Study of
Nifurtimox to Treat Refractory or Relapsed Neuroblastoma or Medulloblastoma" at
1805:
1753:
1700:
1572:
1537:
1491:
1450:
1409:
1373:
1285:
1214:
193:
52:
436:
1795:
1743:
1735:
1690:
1682:
1527:
1519:
1481:
1440:
1401:
1363:
1275:
1204:
1156:
523:
206:
389:
369:
304:
2390:
2271:
2225:
1875:
1019:
988:
599:
224:
214:
161:
718:
but these concerns have not been found in human trials. Nifurtimox is not recommended in
1731:
971:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
510:
487:
2351:
2279:
2248:
2177:
2145:
2076:
2035:
2027:
2012:
1977:
1823:
1695:
1670:
1232:
750:
723:
688:
1599:
1523:
1193:"Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review"
2400:
2283:
2256:
2191:
2181:
2064:
1937:
1917:
1405:
1015:
917:
606:
499:
1800:
1783:
1549:
1280:
1263:
329:
2307:
2297:
2217:
2207:
2039:
2016:
1967:
1928:
1765:
1671:"Safety Profile of Nifurtimox for Treatment of Chagas Disease in the United States"
944:. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide to cytotoxic levels results in parasite death.
799:
762:
704:
696:
156:
151:
146:
1853:
1350:
Jackson Y, Alirol E, Getaz L, Wolff H, Combescure C, Chappuis F (November 2010).
2321:
2311:
2288:
2252:
2195:
2112:
2102:
2098:
1995:
1991:
1981:
933:
832:. Central nervous system disturbances and peripheral neuropathy may also occur.
821:
792:
788:
1739:
2260:
2229:
2213:
2185:
2169:
2045:
937:
921:
829:
727:
559:
360:
1209:
1192:
1079:
2160:
1973:
1963:
1352:"Tolerance and safety of nifurtimox in patients with chronic chagas disease"
1318:
758:
719:
254:
80:
74:
1809:
1757:
1704:
1569:
Drugs During
Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment
1541:
1495:
1454:
1377:
1289:
1218:
1153:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
39:
22:
1413:
1014:
Nifurtimox is in a phase-II clinical trial for the treatment of pediatric
761:
side effects. Due to the low tolerance and completion rate of nifurtimox,
2317:
2118:
1924:
1921:
1686:
929:
825:
340:
108:
1161:
791:
with nifurtimox appears to be efficacious. Trials are awaited comparing
349:
286:-(3-Methyl-1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)methanimine
2005:
1748:
1532:
783:(sleeping sickness), and is active in the second stage of the disease (
315:
30:
1634:"Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease)"
920:. Nifurtimox undergoes reduction and creates oxygen radicals such as
795:/nifurtimox against melarsoprol alone for African sleeping sickness.
715:
447:
259:
1565:"Anti-infective agents: Nitrofurans and drugs for urinary infection"
86:
1486:
1469:
1445:
1428:
1368:
1351:
416:
409:
1394:
Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
987:
582:
573:
427:
229:
400:
1890:
187:
103:
951:
472:
1470:"Combination therapy for sleeping sickness: a wake-up call"
1594:
1592:
733:
Nifurtimox came into medication use in 1965. It is on the
1165:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
735:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
670:
2374:
1233:"Trypanosomiasis, human African (sleeping sickness)"
2270:
2239:
2168:
2159:
2132:
2063:
2026:
1954:
1945:
1936:
605:
593:
571:
558:
522:
517:
498:
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379:
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339:
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240:
223:
213:
205:
177:
172:
137:
123:
93:
69:
61:
51:
46:
1264:"A critical review on Chagas disease chemotherapy"
1039:
1037:
1035:
703:. In Chagas disease it is a second-line option to
695:. For sleeping sickness it is used together with
1262:Rodriques Coura J, de Castro SL (January 2002).
824:and delayed hypersensitivity reaction involving
328:
928:. Mammalian cells are protected by presence of
303:
1567:. In Schaefer C, Peters PW, Miller RK (eds.).
2442:World Health Organization essential medicines
1902:
701:nifurtimox-eflornithine combination treatment
8:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1109:
1107:
1105:
112:
21:
1319:"Nifurtimox Drug Information, Professional"
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
198:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
160:
2165:
1951:
1942:
1909:
1895:
1887:
1640:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
509:
486:
368:
1799:
1747:
1694:
1531:
1485:
1444:
1367:
1279:
1208:
1160:
1143:
1141:
1139:
388:
1045:"Lampit- nifurtimox tablet, film coated"
2381:
1782:Sosa Estani S, Segura EL (1999-09-01).
1031:
779:Nifurtimox has also been used to treat
722:or in those with significant kidney or
644:
624:
611:180 to 182 °C (356 to 360 °F)
482:
348:
280:
500:
20:
1777:
1775:
1664:
1662:
1155:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1090:from the original on 20 December 2016
455:
435:
85:
79:
7:
1882:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1600:"Nifurtimox use while Breastfeeding"
1345:
1343:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1243:from the original on 4 December 2016
150:
1720:Human & Experimental Toxicology
768:In the United States nifurtimox is
627:CC1CS(=O)(=O)CCN1N=CC2=CC=C(O2)(=O)
415:
408:
319:
1788:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
1474:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1433:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1268:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
749:Nifurtimox has been used to treat
14:
2384:
1585:from the original on 2017-09-08.
956:
687:, is a medication used to treat
540:
534:
38:
29:
1834:from the original on 2014-02-27
1801:10.1590/S0074-02761999000700070
1648:from the original on 2016-11-06
1610:from the original on 2016-11-08
1329:from the original on 2016-11-08
1281:10.1590/S0074-02762002000100001
652:Key:ARFHIAQFJWUCFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
924:. These radicals are toxic to
552:
546:
528:
1:
1861:. Retrieved on July 10, 2009.
1524:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61117-X
1675:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1406:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90270-8
1356:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1121:Food and Drug Administration
1115:"Lampit: FDA-Approved Drugs"
683:, sold under the brand name
807:Pregnancy and breastfeeding
16:Anti-parasitic medical drug
2463:
1740:10.1191/0960327106het653oa
518:Chemical and physical data
2335:
1828:World Health Organization
1468:Pepin J (February 2007).
1237:World Health Organization
1149:World Health Organization
965:This section needs to be
898:numbness of hands or feet
835:Most common side effects
798:Combination therapy with
739:World Health Organization
660:
635:
615:
271:
37:
28:
2417:Drugs developed by Bayer
1563:Padberg S (2014-09-17).
1210:10.1001/jama.298.18.2171
2084:Pentavalent antimonials
1956:African trypanosomiasis
1880:Drug Information Portal
1080:"Nifurtimox (Systemic)"
781:African trypanosomiasis
234:Cytochrome P450 oxidase
1851:Clinical trial number
993:
992:A bottle of nifurtimox
785:central nervous system
2092:Sodium stibogluconate
2088:Meglumine antimoniate
991:
2407:Antiprotozoal agents
2002:naphthalenesulfonate
1794:(Suppl 1): 363–365.
942:superoxide dismutase
861:Less common effects
1732:2006HETox..25..471C
948:Society and culture
911:Mechanism of action
25:
2362:Never to phase III
1859:ClinicalTrials.gov
1687:10.1093/cid/ciw477
1571:. Academic Press.
994:
726:. It is a type of
2372:
2371:
2331:
2330:
2155:
2154:
2109:phosphorylcholine
2059:
2058:
1239:. February 2016.
1203:(18): 2171–2181.
1051:. 27 January 2022
986:
985:
903:Contraindications
774:Trypanosoma cruzi
693:sleeping sickness
678:
677:
584:Interactive image
468:CompTox Dashboard
249:2.95 ± 1.19 hours
191:
106:
81:Drugs.com archive
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1952:
1943:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1883:
1862:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1824:"Chagas disease"
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1698:
1681:(8): 1056–1062.
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1596:
1587:
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1283:
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1223:
1222:
1212:
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1167:
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1134:
1133:
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1129:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1041:
981:
978:
972:
960:
959:
952:
755:gastrointestinal
674:
673:
666:
586:
566:
554:
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245:
189:
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164:
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116:
105:
102:
89:
83:
42:
33:
26:
24:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2437:Thiomorpholines
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2352:Clinical trials
2327:
2292:
2272:Dientamoebiasis
2266:
2235:
2151:
2128:
2055:
2022:
2009:
1947:Trypanosomiasis
1932:
1915:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1817:
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1611:
1598:
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1518:(9683): 56–64.
1508:
1507:
1503:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1362:(10): e69–e75.
1349:
1348:
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1316:
1297:
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1256:
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1020:medulloblastoma
1012:
1007:
999:
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961:
957:
950:
913:
905:
895:muscle weakness
818:
809:
747:
669:
667:
664:(what is this?)
661:
656:
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648:
643:
642:
631:
628:
623:
622:
600:Racemic mixture
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551:
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494:
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442:
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395:
375:
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335:
318:
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290:
287:
279:
278:
243:
236:(CYP) involved)
215:Bioavailability
207:Pharmacokinetic
201:
168:
126:
119:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
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2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:Chagas disease
2409:
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2349:
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2333:
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2329:
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2315:
2305:
2294:
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2280:nitroimidazole
2276:
2274:
2268:
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2265:
2264:
2249:nitroimidazole
2245:
2243:
2241:Trichomoniasis
2237:
2236:
2234:
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2222:
2221:
2211:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2178:nitroimidazole
2174:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2146:Amphotericin B
2138:
2136:
2130:
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2116:
2106:
2081:
2080:
2077:Amphotericin B
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2036:nitroimidazole
2032:
2030:
2028:Chagas disease
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:nitroimidazole
2010:
1999:
1989:
1971:
1960:
1958:
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1918:Antiparasitics
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1869:External links
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1771:
1726:(8): 471–479.
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1501:
1487:10.1086/510540
1480:(3): 311–313.
1460:
1446:10.1086/510534
1439:(3): 322–329.
1419:
1400:(4): 514–517.
1383:
1369:10.1086/656917
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751:Chagas disease
746:
743:
724:liver problems
707:. It is given
689:Chagas disease
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47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
2447:Orphan drugs
2308:tetracycline
2298:oxyquinoline
2218:Furazolidone
2208:Nitazoxanide
2082:
2049:
2040:Benznidazole
2017:Fexinidazole
1986:Tryparsamide
1968:Eflornithine
1920:directed at
1879:
1876:"Nifurtimox"
1852:
1847:
1836:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1791:
1787:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1678:
1674:
1650:. Retrieved
1637:
1612:. Retrieved
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1331:. Retrieved
1322:
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1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1200:
1196:
1162:10665/325771
1152:
1126:. Retrieved
1118:
1092:. Retrieved
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1048:
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1000:
997:Legal status
974:
966:
925:
914:
906:
860:
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816:Side effects
810:
800:eflornithine
797:
778:
773:
767:
763:benznidazole
759:neurological
748:
745:Medical uses
732:
713:
705:benznidazole
697:eflornithine
684:
680:
679:
668:
662:
457:ChEMBL290960
283:
242:Elimination
179:Legal status
173:Legal status
95:License data
18:
2427:Nitrofurans
2348:from market
2322:Paromomycin
2312:Doxycycline
2289:Secnidazole
2253:Carnidazole
2196:Albendazole
2123:Paromomycin
2113:Miltefosine
2103:Pentamidine
2099:benzamidine
1996:Pentamidine
1992:benzamidine
1982:Melarsoprol
1854:NCT00601003
1749:11336/82805
1533:10144/72797
1274:(1): 3–24.
1055:23 February
977:August 2020
938:peroxidases
934:glutathione
880:sore throat
842:weight loss
822:anaphylaxis
793:melarsoprol
789:melarsoprol
567: g·mol
507:100.041.377
267:Identifiers
62:Other names
53:Trade names
2422:Hydrazones
2401:Categories
2302:Iodoquinol
2261:Tinidazole
2230:Quinacrine
2214:nitrofuran
2204:thiazolide
2186:Tinidazole
2170:Giardiasis
2050:Nifurtimox
2046:nitrofuran
1838:2016-11-08
1652:2016-11-09
1614:2016-11-07
1333:2016-11-09
1247:7 December
1094:3 December
1026:References
922:superoxide
868:depression
830:dermatitis
728:nitrofuran
681:Nifurtimox
572:3D model (
560:Molar mass
437:CHEBI:7566
390:M84I3K7C2O
361:ChemSpider
305:23256-30-6
296:CAS Number
276:IUPAC name
262:, very low
225:Metabolism
114:Nifurtimox
65:Bayer 2502
23:Nifurtimox
2358:Phase III
2346:Withdrawn
2318:neomycin
2161:Trichozoa
1974:arsenical
1964:ornithine
1925:parasites
1604:Drugs.com
1084:Drugs.com
889:impotence
874:confusion
854:dizziness
770:indicated
720:pregnancy
595:Chirality
255:Excretion
244:half-life
125:Routes of
75:Drugs.com
2432:Sulfones
2391:Medicine
2119:neomycin
1922:excavata
1832:Archived
1810:10677756
1758:16937919
1705:27432838
1646:Archived
1608:Archived
1583:Archived
1550:32757305
1542:19559476
1496:17205466
1455:17205469
1378:20932171
1327:Archived
1290:11992141
1241:Archived
1219:18000201
1151:(2019).
1128:6 August
1088:Archived
1086:. 1995.
1049:DailyMed
1010:Research
930:catalase
926:T. cruzi
886:seizures
851:headache
848:vomiting
839:anorexia
709:by mouth
671:(verify)
341:DrugBank
157:QP51AC01
139:ATC code
132:By mouth
109:DailyMed
2142:polyene
2073:polyene
2006:Suramin
1766:8980212
1728:Bibcode
1696:5036918
1414:2694491
967:updated
892:tremors
871:anxiety
857:amnesia
826:icterus
741:(WHO).
524:Formula
350:DB11820
330:6842999
316:PubChem
159: (
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1978:Atoxyl
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940:, and
883:chills
845:nausea
716:cancer
685:Lampit
620:SMILES
565:287.29
448:ChEMBL
417:C08002
410:D00833
260:Kidney
194:℞-only
192:
107:
87:Lampit
57:Lampit
1762:S2CID
1642:(CDC)
1638:U.S.
1546:S2CID
1123:(FDA)
1119:U.S.
1005:Names
877:fever
640:InChI
574:JSmol
428:ChEBI
370:29464
230:Liver
1806:PMID
1754:PMID
1701:PMID
1573:ISBN
1538:PMID
1492:PMID
1451:PMID
1410:PMID
1374:PMID
1286:PMID
1249:2016
1215:PMID
1197:JAMA
1130:2020
1096:2016
1057:2023
1018:and
865:rash
828:and
757:and
691:and
401:KEGG
381:UNII
209:data
71:AHFS
2134:PAM
1929:P01
1796:doi
1744:hdl
1736:doi
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1683:doi
1528:hdl
1520:doi
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1482:doi
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1364:doi
1276:doi
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1157:hdl
699:in
473:EPA
320:CID
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