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1160:. According to one account of the execution, the family was told to get up and get dressed in the middle of the night because they were going to be moved. Nicholas II carried Alexei to the cellar room. His mother asked for chairs to be brought so that she and Alexei could sit down. When the family and their servants were settled, Yurovsky announced that they were to be executed. The firing squad first killed Nicholas, the Tsarina, and the two male servants. Alexei remained sitting in the chair, "terrified," before the assassins turned on him and shot at him repeatedly. The boy remained alive and the killers tried to stab him multiple times with bayonets. "Nothing seemed to work," wrote Yurovsky later. "Though injured, he continued to live." Unbeknownst to the killing squad, the Tsarevich's torso was protected by a shirt wrapped in precious gems that he wore beneath his tunic. Finally Yurovsky fired two shots into the boy's head, and he fell silent.
812:). On 2 October, Alexei accompanied his mother on a drive in the woods. The "juddering of the carriage had caused still healing hematoma in his upper thigh to rupture and start bleeding again." He had to be carried out of the carriage in an almost unconscious state. His temperature rose, his heartbeat dropped, and he hemorrhaged in his upper thigh and abdomen. For 11 days, he screamed "O Lord have mercy on me!" and begged Alexandra, "Mama, help me!" He asked Alexandra to "build me a little monument of stones in the woods" and asked "When I'm dead, it won't hurt any more, will it?" Alexandra never left his bedside, and she refused to rest or eat. Nicholas "took turns with Alix to sit with Alexei," but he "rushed weeping bitterly to his study" when he saw Alexei scream. On 6 October, Alexei's fever rose to 39 degrees and he hemorrhaged into his stomach. On 8 October, Alexei received the
650:, worn by the heir to the crown. The mantle was supported on one side by Prince Alexander Sergeiovich Dolgorouky, the Grand Marshal of the Court, and on the other by Count Benckendorff, as decreed by custom and wise precaution. The baby wept loudly, as might any ordinary baby when old Father Yanishev dipped him in the font. His four small sisters, in short Court dresses, gazed open-eyed at the ceremony, Olga Nicholaevna, then nine years old, being in the important position of one of the godmothers. According to Russian custom, the Emperor and Empress were not present at the baptism, but directly after the ceremony, the Emperor went to the church. Both he and the Empress always confessed to feeling very nervous on these occasions, for fear that the Princess might slip, or that Father Yanishev, who was very old, might drop the baby in the font.
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1207:'s memoirs. The archaeologists said the bones are from a boy who was roughly between the ages of twelve and fifteen years at the time of his death and of a young woman who was roughly between the ages of fifteen and nineteen years old. Anastasia was seventeen years, one month old at the time of the assassination, while Maria was nineteen years, one month old. Alexei was two weeks shy of his fourteenth birthday. Alexei's elder sisters, Olga and Tatiana, were twenty-two and twenty-one years old, respectively, at the time of the assassination. Along with the remains of the two bodies, archaeologists found "shards of a container of
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375:'s children noticed Alexei's inability to "stay in any place or at any game for any length of time". When he was 7, he stole a bicycle and rode it around the palace. Shocked, Nicholas ordered every guard to pursue and capture Alexei. At a children's party, Alexei began jumping from table to table. When Derevenko tried to stop him, Alexei shouted, "All grown-ups have to go!" Recognizing Alexei's energetic nature, Nicholas ordered that Alexei be allowed "to do everything that other children of his age were wont to do, and not to restrain him unless it was absolutely necessary".
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lived almost as much apart from
Russian society as if they were settlers in Canada.") Moynahan says, "There is no evidence that Rasputin ever summoned up spirits, or felt the need to; he won his admirers through force of personality, not by tricks." Shelley said that the secret of Rasputin's power lay in the sense of calm, gentle strength, and shining warmth of conviction. Radzinsky wrote in 2000 that Rasputin believed he truly possessed a supernatural healing ability or that his prayers to God saved the boy.
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it and give himself airs in front of his sisters". He enjoyed jumping in front of the guards at the front of the
Alexander Palace, who would immediately salute him as he walked past. Nicholas forbade the guards to salute Alexei unless another member of the family accompanied him. Alexei was embarrassed "when the salute failed him", which "marked his first taste of discipline". On one occasion, he ordered all of the Finnish officers on various ships to stand before him on the deck of the
345:. He began commanding them, but the Finnish officers did not understand Russian and stood in confusion until an aide informed them that Alexei wanted to hear them say, "We wish you health, your Imperial Highness." When he was told that a group of officers had arrived to call on him, the 6-year-old Alexei told his sisters, "Now girls, run away. I am busy. Someone has just called to see me on business." Also at 6, he walked into his father's study and saw the Foreign Minister
1073:, whom Alexei liked, wrote: "As time went on and his shyness wore off he treated us like old friends and had always some bit fun with us. With me it was to make sure that each button on my coat was properly fastened, a habit which naturally made me take great care to have one or two unbuttoned, in which case he used to at once to stop and tell me that I was 'untidy again,' give a sigh at my lack of attention to these details and stop and carefully button me up again."
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394:, Eugene Botkin's son. He asked Gleb, who was talented at drawing, to illustrate the jingles. He attached a note: "To illustrate and write the jingles under the drawings. Alexei." Before handing the note to Eugene Botkin, he crossed out his signature and explained, "If I send that paper to Gleb with my signature on it, then it would be an order which Gleb would have to obey. But I mean it only as a request and he doesn't have to do it if he doesn't want to."
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831:, to secure the help of Rasputin. According to his daughter, Rasputin received the telegram on 12 October. On 9 October, Alexandra received a short telegram from Rasputin: "The little one will not die. Do not allow the doctors to bother him too much." Alexei's temperature dropped, and he began to improve. According to General Mosolov, the doctors "seemed in utter consternation" at Alexei's sudden recovery. On 10 October, Doctor
1062:. It is his favorite game peals of laughter ring out. I keep an eye, in order to see that things do not go too far." Alexei even ate the soldiers' black bread, and refused when he was offered a meal that he would eat in his palace, saying "It's not what soldiers eat". In December 1915, Rasputin was invited to see Alexei when the 11-year-old boy was accidentally thrown against the window of a train and his nose began to bleed.
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Gilliard remarked that the
Tsarevich was "embarrassed and blushed violently", and when asked if he liked seeing people on their knees before him, he said, "Oh no, but Derevenko says it must be so!". When Gilliard encouraged Alexei to "stop Derevenko insisting on it", he said that he "dare not". When Gilliard took the matter up with Derevenko, he said that Alexei was "delighted to be freed from this irksome formality".
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On 30 March (12 April) 1918, Empress
Alexandra recorded in her diary: 'Baby stays in bed as fr coughing so hard has a slight haemorrhage in the abdom. Every day from then onwards until her removal to Yekaterinburg, Alexandra recorded Alexei's condition in her diary. Alexei and his three remaining sisters joined the rest of the family weeks later. He was reliant on a wheelchair for the remaining weeks of his life.
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with a fur cap, boots, and dagger. He ended his daily prayers with "Hurrah!" instead of "amen". When asked why, he replied that the soldiers on parade always said "Hurrah!" when his father finished speaking, so he should greet his
Heavenly Father in the same way. Before he understood the nature of his disease, he said that he wanted to be a warrior-tsar and lead armies as his ancestors had.
293:), were ultimately discovered in a secondary grave near the rest of the Romanov family in 2007. On 17 July 1998, the 80th anniversary of their execution, Alexei's parents, three of his sisters, and the four retainers, were formally interred in the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, while Alexei's and Maria's (or Anastasia's) bones remain in Russian state archives. The Romanov family was
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769:, Alexandra's friend, remembered that "Derevenko was so patient and resourceful, that he often did wonders in alleviating the pain. I can still hear the plaintive voice of Alexis begging the big sailor, 'Lift my arm,' 'Put up my leg,' 'Warm my hands,' and I can see the patient, calm-eyed man working for hours to give comfort to the little pain-wracked limbs."
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549:, Alexandra saw the happy faces around her and exclaimed, "Oh, it cannot be true. It cannot be true. Is it really a boy?" Nicholas wrote in his diary that today was "a great and "unforgettable day for us . . . there are no words to thank God enough for sending us this comfort in a time of sore trials." According to
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Nikolaevich was an awfully lazy, but very capable boy (I think, he was lazy precisely because he was capable), he easily grasped everything, he was thoughtful and keen beyond his years ... Despite his good nature and compassion, he undoubtedly promised to possess a firm and independent character in the future.
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Alexei's diary, which was presumably kept by his tutors and relates his daily activities for
January and February 1917, is written in both French and English and is preserved in the "Grand Duchess Kseniia Aleksandrovna Papers" collection in the Hoover Institution Archives (Stanford, California, USA).
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which gives rise to acute alarm" to "one of the layers of his skin was missing." An
American magazine ascribed Alexei's "ill health" to "the misfortune that so many residences of the Tzars leave much to be desired from the point of view of sanitary science." After Alexei's life-threatening hemorrhage
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Gilliard eventually convinced Alexei's parents that granting the boy greater autonomy would help him develop better self-control. Alexei took advantage of his unaccustomed freedom, and began to outgrow some of his earlier foibles. Courtiers reported that his illness made him sensitive to the hurts of
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Alexei was proud of and enjoyed his position as
Tsarevich. Buxhoeveden reflected that "he knew and felt that he was the Tsarevich, and from babyhood mechanically took his place in front of his elder sisters". He liked being kissed on the hand by the officers and "didn't miss his chance to boast about
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rose in political power because the
Tsarina believed that he could heal Alexei's hemophilia, or his attacks. Rasputin advised the Tsar that the Great War would be won once he (Tsar Nicholas II) took command of the Russian Army. Following this advice was a serious mistake, as the Tsar had no military
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revealed that the final two missing
Romanov remains were indeed authentic and that the entire Romanov family lived in the Ipatiev House. In March 2009, results of the DNA testing were published, confirming that the two bodies discovered in 2007 were those of Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria.
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in April 1918. However, neither Nicholas II nor Empress Alexandra mention anything about a sledding accident in their diaries, and in fact primary resources such as letters of Empress Alexandra and the diaries of both Nicholas II and Alexandra state that the haemorrhage was caused by a coughing fit.
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Due to his disease, Alexei understood that he might not live to adulthood. When he was ten, his older sister Olga found him lying on his back looking at the clouds and asked him what he was doing. "I like to think and wonder", Alexei replied. Olga asked him what he liked to think about. "Oh, so many
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noted that "one word was always enough to exact implicit obedience from ". Buxhoeveden remembered that Alexei had once thrown her parasol in the river, and Nicholas had chastised Alexei: "That is not the way for a gentleman to behave to a lady. I am ashamed of you, Alexei." After his father scolded
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Alexei had few friends his age and was often lonely. Alexandra did not allow Alexei to play with his Romanov cousins because she was worried that they would knock him down when playing and he might bleed. Alexei's companions were his sailor-nanny Derevenko's two young sons. Derevenko watched them as
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had passed laws forbidding women to succeed to the throne (unless there were no legitimate male dynasts left, in which case, the throne would pass to the closest female relative of the last Tsar). He had established this rule in revenge for what he perceived to have been the illegal behavior of his
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in France. Tsar Nicholas sent twelve-year-old Alexei to sit with the grieving father. "Papa told me to come sit with you as he thought you might feel lonely tonight," Alexei told the general. Alexei, like all the Romanov men, grew up wearing sailor uniforms and playing at war from the time he was a
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thinks such explanations fail to take into account those times when Rasputin apparently healed the boy, despite being 2600 km (1650 miles) away. For historian Fuhrmann, these ideas on hypnosis and drugs flourished because the Imperial Family lived in such isolation from the wider world. ("They
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The Tsar had resisted the influence of Rasputin for a long time. At the beginning he had tolerated him because he dare not weaken the Tsarina's faith in him – a faith which kept her alive. He did not like to send him away for, if Alexei Nicolaievich had died, in the eyes of the mother he would have
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was cut, his navel continued to bleed for hours and his blood did not clot. Nicholas wrote that Alexei lost "1/8 to 1/9 of the total quantity" of his blood in 48 hours. Nicholas reflected in his diary that "Alix and I were very alarmed by the bleeding of young Alexei that came at intervals from his
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As a small child, Alexei occasionally played pranks on guests. At a formal dinner party, Alexei removed the shoe of a female guest from under the table, and showed it to his father. Nicholas sternly told the boy to return the "trophy", which Alexei did after placing a large ripe strawberry into the
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2 March] 1917. He did this in favour of his twelve-year-old son Alexei, who ascended the throne under a regency. Nicholas later decided to alter his original abdication. Whether that act had any legal validity is open to speculation. Nicholas consulted with doctors and others and realised
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Alexei loved to attend army inspections with his father. When he was 3, he wore a miniature army uniform and played with a toy wooden rifle. From birth, he had the title of "Hetman of all the Cossacks." He wore a miniature uniform of a sailor of the Russian navy, and he had his own Cossack uniform
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Alexei's parents indulged his tantrums and mischievous behavior, and they rarely punished him. In 1906, Alexei and his family went on a cruise to Finland. In the middle of the night, the 2-year-old Alexei commanded the ship's band to wake up and play for him. Instead of punishing Alexei, Nicholas
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described the 18-month-old Alexei as "one of the handsomest babies one could imagine, with his lovely fair curls and his great blue-grey eyes under their fringe of long curling lashes". A few years later, Gilliard described Alexei as tall for his age, with "a long, finely chiseled face, delicate
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According to Gilliard, Alexei was a simple, affectionate child, but the court spoiled him by the "servile flattery" of the servants and "silly adulations" of the people around him. Once, a deputation of peasants came to bring presents to Alexei. Derevenko required that they kneel before Alexei.
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Alexei resented that he was forbidden from doing what other boys could do because of his hemophilia. When his mother forbade him to ride a bike and play tennis, he asked angrily, "Why can other boys have everything and I nothing?" All four of his sisters were accomplished horsewomen, but he was
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wrote to his children that "our priceless patient" was "undoubtedly significantly better." The positive trend continued throughout the next day. On 19 October Alexei's condition was much better and the hematoma disappeared. The boy had to undergo orthopedic therapy to straighten his left leg.
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His hemophilia was so severe that trivial injuries such as a bruise, a nosebleed or a cut were potentially life-threatening. His parents constantly worried about him. In addition, the recurring episodes of illness and long recoveries interfered greatly with Alexei's childhood and education.
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He had what we Russians usually call "a golden heart". He easily felt an attachment to people, he liked them and tried to do his best to help them, especially when it seemed to him that someone was unjustly hurt. His love, like that of his parents, was based mainly on pity. Tsarevich Alexei
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Nicholas and Alexandra decided not to reveal what Alexei's disease was to the Russian public or even to family members. After Alexei's first bleeding attack, Alexandra wrote, "Oh, what anguish it was... not to let others see the knife digging in one." According to his French tutor,
1167:) conspiracy theorists suggested that one or more of the family somehow survived the slaughter. Several people claimed to be surviving members of the Romanov family following the assassinations. People who have pretended to be the Tsarevich include: Alexei Poutziato, Joseph Veres,
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remembered that "we were nearly deafened by the church bells ringing all day". St. Petersburg "was ablaze with flags" and "the people gave themselves over to public rejoicing." Nicholas granted political amnesty to prisoners and set up a fund for military and naval scholarships.
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Details on the testing of the Imperial remains are contained in Rogaev, E.I., Grigorenko, A.P., Moliaka, I.K., Faskhutdinova, G., Goltsov,A., Lahti, A., Hildebrandt, C., Kittler, E.L.W. and Morozova, I., "Genomic identification in historical case of Nicholas II Royal family.",
415:"Alexei was the center of this united family, the focus of all its hopes and affections", wrote Gilliard. "His sisters worshipped him. He was his parents' pride and joy. When he was well, the palace was transformed. Everyone and everything in it seemed bathed in sunshine."
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As noted, the remains of Alexei and one of his sister’s bodies were found in 2008. As of 2015, Alexei's remains had not yet been interred with the rest of his family, as the Russian Orthodox Church has requested more DNA testing to ensure that his identity was confirmed.
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1211:, nails, metal strips from a wooden box, and bullets of various caliber." The bones were found using metal detectors and metal rods as probes. Also, striped material was found that appeared to have been from a blue-and-white striped cloth; Alexei commonly wore a
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and heir apparent to the Imperial Throne of Russia. An official announcement read, "From now on, in accordance with the Fundamental Laws of the Empire, the Imperial title of Heir Tsarevich, and all the rights pertaining to it, belong to Our Son Alexei.".
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and asked her to find Rasputin. Rasputin prayed over Alexei and told Alexei "Your pain is going away. You will soon be well. You must thank God for healing you. And now, go to sleep." Soon after Rasputin left, the swelling in Alexei's leg went down.
1472:. After receiving advice about whether his personal security could be guaranteed, Michael declined to accept the throne without the people's approval through an election held by the proposed Constituent Assembly. No such referendum was ever held.
5589:
Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B.; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N. (2009).
1113:, he rode a sled down the stairs of the prison house and injured himself in the groin. The hemorrhage was very bad, and he was so ill that he could not be moved immediately when the Bolsheviks relocated his parents and older sister Maria to
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When he was 5, Alexei was assigned two navy sailors who monitored him at all times to ensure that he wouldn't injure himself. His parents appointed two sailors from the Imperial Navy: Petty Officer Andrei Derevenko and his assistant Seaman
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At first, Alexei seemed like a healthy, ordinary baby. He weighed 11 pounds at birth. His paternal aunt Xenia wrote that "he's an amazingly hefty baby with a chest like a barrel and generally has the air of a warrior knight." After his
856:, Rasputin timed his "interventions" for times when Alexei was already recovering, and claimed all the credit. Court physician Botkin believed that Rasputin was a charlatan and that his apparent healing powers were based on the use of
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in 1915. Alexei seemed to like military life very much and became very playful and energetic. In one of his father's notes to his mother, he said " have come in from the garden with wet sleeves and boots as Alexei sprayed us at the
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On 30 April 2008, Russian forensic scientists announced that DNA testing had proven that the remains belong to the Tsarevich Alexei and the Grand Duchess Maria. DNA information, made public in July 2008, that was obtained from the
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experience. The Tsarina, Alexandra, a deeply religious woman, came to rely upon Rasputin and believe in his ability to help Alexei where conventional doctors had failed. Historian Robert K. Massie explored this theme in his book,
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that he would have to be separated from Alexei if he abdicated in favour of his son. Not wanting Alexei to be parted from the family in this crisis, Nicholas altered the abdication document in favour of his younger brother
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was amazed by Alexei's swift recovery, and she wrote that the next morning Alexei "was not just alive – but well. He was sitting up in bed, the fever gone, the eyes clear and bright, not a sign of any swelling on his leg."
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852:, administered herbs to the boy, or his advice to prevent too much action by the doctors aided the boy's healing. Others speculated that, with the information he got from his confidante at the court, lady-in-waiting
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720:. It was known as the "Royal Disease" because so many descendants of the intermarried European royal families had it (or carried it, in the case of females). In 2009, genetic analysis determined that Alexei had
337:, his mother's lady-in-waiting, reflected that "he was a pretty child, tall for his age, with regular features, splendid dark blue eyes with a spark of mischief in them, brown hair, and an upright figure".
1105:, Alexei complained in his diary that he was "bored" and begged God to have "mercy" on him. He was permitted to play occasionally with Kolya, the son of one of his doctors, and with a kitchen boy named
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820:, wrote to his children, "Pray, my children, pray daily and fervently for our precious heir." On 10 October, a medical bulletin announcing Alexei's impending death was published in the newspapers.
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reflected that "the poor child lay in such pain, dark patches under his eyes and his little body all distorted, and the leg terribly swollen." The doctors could do nothing. Alexandra telegraphed
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If Rasputin's daughter was right about the day that her father responded – 13 October – "the longstanding claim that Rasputin had somehow alleviated Alexei's condition is simply fictitious."
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804:. On 5 September Alexei jumped into a rowboat and hit his groin on the oarlocks. A large bruise appeared within minutes but in a week reduced in size. In mid-September, the family moved to
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5684:, (2009). The mitochondrial DNA of Alexandra, Alexei, and Maria are identical and of haplogroup H1. The mitochondrial DNA of Nicholas was haplogroup T2. Their sequences are published at
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On 23 August 2007, a Russian archaeologist announced the discovery of two burned, partial skeletons at a bonfire site near Yekaterinburg that appeared to match the site described in
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780:, a peasant monk, had the power to heal Alexei. Due to the secrecy around Alexei's condition, there are few records about Alexei's attacks and how often Rasputin treated him.
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Massie contends that caring for Alexei seriously diverted the attention of his father, Nicholas II, and the rest of the Romanovs from the business of war and government.
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1336:, which had developed among emigres after the Russian Revolution and the World Wars. After the decline of the Soviet Union, the government of Russia agreed with the
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things", the boy responded. "I enjoy the sun and the beauty of summer as long as I can. Who knows whether one of these days I shall not be prevented from doing it?"
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408:. Nicholas gave Alexei an old performing donkey named Vanka. Alexei gave sugar cubes to Vanka, and Vanka pulled Alexei around the park in a sled during the winter.
4433:"Pierre Gilliard – Thirteen Years at the Russian Court – memoirs of Nicholas, Alexandra and their family – Influence of Rasputin – Vyrubova – My Tutorial Troubles"
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Alexei was close with his sisters. Gilliard wrote that they "brought into his life an element of youthful merriment that otherwise would have been sorely missed".
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of Alexei, the rest of his family, and four remaining retainers on 17 July 1918. Rumors persisted for decades that Alexei had escaped his execution, with multiple
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from his mother Alexandra, an X chromosome hereditary condition that typically affects males, which she had acquired through the line of her maternal grandmother
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The baby lay on a pillow of cloth of gold, slung to the Princess's shoulders by a broad gold band. He was covered with the heavy cloth-of-gold mantle, lined with
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In the autumn of 1907, Alexei fell and hurt his leg when he was playing in the Alexander Park. The fall triggered an internal hemorrhage. His paternal aunt
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waiting to see Nicholas. Izvolsky remained sitting, and Alexei screamed, "When the heir to the Russian Throne enters a room, people must get up!"
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toddler. His father began to prepare him for his future role as Tsar by inviting Alexei to sit in on long meetings with government ministers.
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Alexei's birth was greeted with widespread joy, because he was the first son Nicholas had had after four daughters. When she woke up from the
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to have the bodies of Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, and three of their daughters (which were found at the execution site) interred at
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Alexei was disobedient and difficult to control. Olga could not manage Alexei's "peevish temper". The only person he obeyed was his father.
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but Rasputin did not become interested in this practice before 1913 and his teacher Gerasim Papandato was expelled from St. Petersburg.
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There were rumors about what Alexei's disease was, because of the secrecy around it. Guesses ranged from a "certain form of infantile
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The christening marked the first time that some of the younger members of the Imperial Family, including some of the younger sons of
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Alexei on horseback in the uniform of the Nijni Novgorod Dragoons. In the background parts of the Alexander Palace can be seen. 1911
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and Vassili Filatov. However, scientists considered it extremely unlikely that he escaped death, due to his lifelong hemophilia.
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569:, his favorite emperor. His doting family called him "Baby." He was later also affectionately referred to as Alyosha (Алёша).
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As he grew up, Alexei became more thoughtful and considerate. When he was 9, he sent a collection of his favorite jingles to
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635:, Mistress of the Robes. As a precaution, she had rubber soles put on her shoes to prevent her slipping and dropping him.
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was used for all Tsar's sons from the times of Ivan IV to Peter I. Only heirs to the throne included in this template.
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The Search Foundation, an organization dedicated to searching for the remains of the two "missing" Romanov children.
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observed that the "incomprehensible silence of the Court bulletins" gave "free scope to the sensation-mongers."
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in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998, eighty years after they were executed. In 2000, Alexei and his family were
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Helen Rappaport, "The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas & Alexandra," p. 177.
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Observers and scholars have offered suggestions for Rasputin's apparent positive effect on Alexei: he used
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at Spala, the American press speculated that Alexei had been stabbed "during an unguarded moment" by a "
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was a title given to any son of a tsar, and historically also to sons of non-Russian rulers, e.g. of
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and Diarmuid Jeffreys, a journalist, speculated that Rasputin may have halted the administration of
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Feodorov confirmed that Alexei's recovery was "wholly inexplicable, from a medical point of view."
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612:, all active soldiers and officers of the Russian Army and Navy were named honorary godfathers.
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features, auburn hair with a coppery glint, and large grey-blue eyes like his mother". Baroness
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title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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joked "that's the way to bring up an autocrat!" Nicholas called Alexei "Alexei the Terrible."
316:, as until his death they do not recognize the abdication of his father in favor of his uncle
282:
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5938:
5097:. Translated by F. Appleby Holt (3rd ed.). London: Hutchinson & Co. pp. 177–178
4432:
4215:, "The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas & Alexandra," p. 109.
4046:
Macedonsky, Dimitry (2005–2006). "Hail, Son of Caesar! A Titular History of Romanov Scions".
7322:
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
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was correct to suggest that psychological factors play a part in the course of the disease.
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930:" would have worsened Alexei's joints' swelling and pain. According to historian M. Nelipa,
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269:, the family was initially to be tried in a court of law, before the intensification of the
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5592:"Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis"
886:
Writers from the 1920s had a variety of explanations for the apparent effects of Rasputin.
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1109:. As he became older, Alexei seemed to tempt fate and injure himself on purpose. While in
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Portrait of Alexei, dressed in the soldier's coat, cap and shoulder-boards of a corporal
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Alexei was a handsome boy, and he bore a striking resemblance to his mother. His tutor
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5430:"HEROIN® and ASPIRIN® The Connection! & The Collection! – Part II By Cecil Munsey"
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during World War I. From left to right, Grand Duchess Anastasia, Grand Duchess Olga,
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they played, and he chastised his children if they played too roughly with Alexei.
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had been available since 1899 but would have worsened Alexei's condition. Because
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The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas & Alexandra,
273:
made execution increasingly favorable in the eyes of the Soviet government. With
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The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas & Alexandra
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Alexei (right) with his sailor nanny Andrei Derevenko aboard the Imperial yacht
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The Tsesarevich was murdered on 17 July 1918 aged 13 in the cellar room of the
990:, Kolya Derevenko, Alexei Derevenko, Alexandr Derevenko, and Sergei Derevenko;
733:
umbilical cord until evening. How painful it is to experience such anxieties!"
592:. His other godparents included his oldest sister, Olga; his great-grandfather
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Untitled TS memoirs, List 1 (82) Sydney Gibbes Papers, Bodleian Library, fo 4.
4179:"The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra – Chapter XVI – The Empress and Her Family"
4021:
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In September 1912, Alexei and his family visited their hunting retreat in the
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37:
6242:, The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album, Sutton Publishing, 2004,
5141:"The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra – Chapter XV: A Mother's Agony – Rasputin"
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6667:
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3937:. SciLinks. National Science Teachers Association. p. 7. Archived from
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17:
6666:'s son from his fifth (or seventh) marriage, and thus illegitimate by the
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5484:
4606:"The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra – Chapter XII – The Russo-Japanese War"
665:
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6149:
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004838
1059:
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857:
805:
6688:
5253:"Registrant WHOIS contact information verification | Namecheap.com"
285:
claiming his identity. Alexei's remains, along with those of his sister
5845:
5685:
3930:
Aronova-Tiuntseva, Yelena; Herreid, Clyde Freeman (20 September 2003).
1419: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1110:
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A Miracle Through the Prayers of Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarevich Alexis
6016:
Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria
3973:
as the title of the heir apparent of the Emperor of Russia. The older
7082:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
5750:"Russia agrees to further testing over 'remains of Romanov children'"
1663:
1329:
1303:
1046:
1017:
5837:
5816:
Barr, William (1975). "Severnaya Zemlya: the last major discovery".
864:, one of Rasputin's enemies, suggested that he secretly gave Alexei
371:
Despite the hemophilia, Alexei was adventurous and restless. Doctor
6272:
5858:
277:
soldiers rapidly approaching, the Ural Regional Soviet ordered the
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Alexei and the other Romanov saints are considered martyrs by the
1508:
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site and repeated independent testing by laboratories such as the
1182:
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957:
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695:
687:
676:
673:, where Alexei had a particularly grave crisis, early October 1912
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7673:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class
4942:
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4847:"Royal diseases: 4 Russian rulers and heirs leveled by sickness"
4529:
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708:
Nicholas II rows his son on a boat in the Alexander Park in 1911
383:
him, Alexei was "scarlet in the face" and apologized to Sophie.
7110:
6692:
6381:
6058:
6056:
5277:
Nicolas II, la transition interrompue: Une biographie politique
4663:"Genotype Analysis Identifies the Cause of the 'Royal Disease'"
1372:, Tsesarevich Alexei, Grand Duchess Tatiana, and Grand Duchess
954:
Alexei in uniform of the Jaeger regiment of the Imperial family
557:"was radiant with happiness at no longer being heir." Baroness
243:, which his parents tried treating with the methods of peasant
7688:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
6277:
5702:
5227:
The Speckled Domes. Episodes of an Englishman's life in Russia
1388:
6129:
Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
5699:"DNA proves Bolsheviks killed all of Russian czar's children"
5507:"National Organization of Russian Scouts – Who Are We ?"
1163:
For decades (until all the bodies were found and identified,
7578:
Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
6193:
A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra: Their Own Story,
4961:
Alexei, Russia's Last Imperial Heir: A Chronicle of Tragedy.
4400:
4398:
1164:
5967:. Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Archived from
5186:"Rasputin and the Empress: Authors of the Russian Collapse"
1020:, received word of the death of his son in action with the
631:. The baby was carried to the font by the elderly Princess
580:
Alexei was christened on 3 September 1904 in the chapel in
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Nicholas II was forced to abdicate on 15 March [
619:; the Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana; and their cousin
4208:
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4204:
572:
As soon as he was born, Alexei was granted the title of
5304:
Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia
257:
of 1917, the Romanovs were sent into internal exile in
5540:, p. 338, letter of Empress Alexandra to Ania Vyrubova
4482:
4480:
5180:
5178:
4779:"The Three-year-old Heir to the Throne of the Czar",
4632:"Case Closed: Famous Royals Suffered From Hemophilia"
4569:
Carolly Erickson, Alexandra: The Last Tsarina, p. 146
741:, the nature of his illness was kept a state secret.
7733:
Eastern Orthodox people executed by the Soviet Union
7428:
Anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War
6289:
RoyalRussia.org: Tsarevich Alexis Heir to the Throne
6038:
6036:
5859:
Russian Imperial Army – Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
5509:. National Organisation of Russian Scouts (N.O.R.S.)
1739:
Ancestors of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
1447:
Alexei was the heir apparent to the Romanov Throne.
669:
The former palace of Russian emperors in the Polish
308:
Alexei is sometimes known to Russian legitimists as
27:
Last heir apparent of the Russian Empire (1904–1918)
7668:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
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Russia's Last Imperial Heir: A Chronicle of Tragedy
4422:
Robert K. Massie, "Nicholas and Alexandra," p. 141.
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1136:Tsesarevich Alexei in his army uniform with sister
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1576:Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-called
1152:. The killings were carried out by forces of the
478:. He was the youngest of five children of Emperor
7489:Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
6094:The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain
5364:Aspirin: The Extraordinary Story of a Wonder Drug
7074:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
5729:"Nicholas II And Family Canonized For 'Passion'"
4746:Nicholas and Alexandra: The Last Imperial Family
4661:Evgeny I. Rogaev; et al. (8 October 2009).
4506:The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album
4120:"The Abdication of Nicholas II: 100 Years Later"
1085:Nicholas and Alexei sawing wood in captivity at
551:Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia
219:) (12 August 1904 – 17 July 1918) was the last
6174:Robert K. Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 1967.
6008:
6006:
5682:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4551:New Czarevitch', Daily Express, 13 August 1904.
4233:Kellogg Durland, Royal Romances of To-day, 206.
1093:The imperial family was arrested following the
914:and has blood-thinning properties; it prevents
841:
644:
428:
7748:Russian royalty and nobility with disabilities
7678:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
5882:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 520.
5688:as FJ656214, FJ656215, FJ656216, and FJ656217.
5549:Nicholas II 1918 Diary 30 March 31 (old style)
5336:Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug
4812:Tsar: the lost world of Nicholas and Alexandra
875:, but these drugs were rejected by the court.
426:Nicholas' Colonel Mordinov remembered Alexei:
7648:Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
7122:
6704:
6393:
4404:Sophie Buxhoeveden, Before The Storm, p. 311.
2251:
584:. His principal godparents were his paternal
526:. His older sisters were the Grand Duchesses
518:, while his maternal great-grandparents were
231:). He was the youngest child and only son of
8:
7188:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
6280:A media library of the last Imperial Family.
5965:"Grand Duchess Kseniia Aleksandrovna Papers"
4593:The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna
4560:"The Cesarevitch" The Times, 25 August 1904.
4533:Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 518
1539:, was named in honour of Alexei by the 1913
839:According to Pierre Gilliard's 1921 memoir,
5485:Biography of Pantuhin on side pravoverie.ru
4542:Buxhoeveden, Before the Storm, pp. 237–238.
1689:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
1645:: Grand Cross of the National Order of the
962:Standing left to right: footman Zhuravski,
7262:
7178:Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia
7148:
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2032:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1744:
1735:
1470:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
1241:
1225:University of Massachusetts Medical School
1187:The last known photo of Alexei and sister
404:Alexei's favorite pet was a spaniel named
72:
54:
7713:People executed by Russia by firing squad
6115:
6113:
5625:
5615:
5413:
4893:Helen Rappaport, Romanov Sisters, p. 112.
4688:
4508:, Sutton Publishing Limited, 2004, p. 20.
4068:. Burke's Peerage Ltd. 1980. p. 65.
4009:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
1435:Learn how and when to remove this message
1328:The Romanov family had been canonized as
794:Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia
785:Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia
7183:Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia
6299:Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
494:, and his mother was the sixth child of
7193:Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
7173:Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia
4972:"Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, p. 124.
4038:
3958:
1968:Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
1179:Discovery and identification of remains
502:. His paternal great-grandparents were
462:Alexei was born on 12 August [
7643:Victims of Red Terror in Soviet Russia
7509:Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
6894:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
6230:The Glorification of the Royal Family,
6191:Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko,
5945:from the original on 22 September 2023
5934:Calendario generale del regno d'Italia
5931:Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1920).
5793:, Chapter 1, Marxists Internet Archive
5442:from the original on 24 September 2015
5340:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 121.
5039:"Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, p. 125
4792:"Daily News, Maryland, 23 October 1912
4066:Burke's Royal Families of the World II
2126:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2105:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1863:
1753:
1749:
1731:Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark
1456:("the Great"), in deposing his father
139:
7703:Executed people from Saint Petersburg
7683:Recipients of the Medal of St. George
6904:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
6131:. London: Little, Brown. p. 34.
6066:. The Danish Monarchy. Archived from
5651:"DNA confirms IDs of czar's children"
5390:"Aspirin: The Story of a Wonder Drug"
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3003:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2893:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2806:
2799:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2637:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2515:
2323:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2181:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2139:
2123:
2113:
2109:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2061:
2051:
2047:
2035:
2029:
2019:
2003:
1993:
1989:
1965:
1955:
1939:
1929:
1925:
1913:
1907:
1897:
1881:
1871:
1867:
1851:
1845:
1835:
1819:
1809:
1805:
1793:
1787:
1777:
1761:
1757:
776:Nicholas and Alexandra believed that
617:Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich
598:King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
7:
5912:from the original on 11 October 2016
5559:The Last Diary of Tsaritsa Alexandra
4173:
4171:
2152:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
2006:Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine
1822:Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
1541:Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition
1520:in a 1915 map of the Russian Empire.
1417:adding citations to reliable sources
718:Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
500:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
7693:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
7494:Church of All Saints, Yekaterinburg
6889:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
6096:. Clearfield Company. p. 717.
5709:from the original on 5 October 2018
5274:d'Encausse, Hélène Carrère (2014).
5094:Thirteen Years at the Russian Court
4443:from the original on 8 October 2010
4150:Thirteen Years at the Russian Court
2090:Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
1077:Imprisonment of the Imperial family
1065:In 1916, he was given the title of
486:. His father was the eldest son of
6965:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
6833:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
6728:The generations are numbered from
6019:. St. Martin's Press. p. 10.
6013:Gelardi, Julia P. (1 April 2007).
4814:, Allen & Unwin, 1998, p. 74,
1016:, head of the British military at
823:On 9 October, Alexandra asked her
25:
7738:20th-century executions by Russia
7718:Russian people of English descent
7698:Children of Nicholas II of Russia
7613:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
6934:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
6899:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
6869:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
5908:(in Swedish), 1915, p. 671,
4365:Botkin, Real Romanovs, pp. 73–74.
4100:from the original on 29 June 2023
3932:"Hemophilia: 'The Royal Disease'"
3926:; ? - unknown carrier status
3922:; x – affected X chromosome; Y –
1213:blue-and-white striped undershirt
844:been the murderer of his own son.
7663:Russian people of German descent
7658:Russian people of Danish descent
7598:Heirs apparent who never acceded
7532:
7531:
6975:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
6919:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
6859:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
6802:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
6422:
6260:
6043:Alexander III, Emperor of Russia
5748:Luhn, Alec (11 September 2015).
4845:Yegorov, O. (21 February 2018).
4630:Michael Price (8 October 2009).
4189:from the original on 6 June 2021
4024:
1698:
1677:
1656:
1634:
1561:
1393:
1366:His Majesty's Own Cossack Escort
1352:by the Russian Orthodox Church.
986:, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich,
789:Princess Anastasia of Montenegro
681:The Imperial family in 1913, in
555:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
202:
7603:Haemophilia in European royalty
7024:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
7001:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
6990:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
6980:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
6970:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
6924:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
6909:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
6879:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
6874:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
6838:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
6179:The Romanovs: The Final Chapter
5762:from the original on 7 May 2018
5184:Bernard Pares (6 January 1927)
4224:Wheeler and Rives, Dome, p. 356
2266:Haemophilia in European royalty
1942:Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel
1624:Saint George Medal, 4th Class,
1586:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1404:needs additional citations for
1097:of 1917, which resulted in the
894:Gilliard, the French historian
661:Haemophilia in European royalty
590:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
7060:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
7018:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
6985:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
6944:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
6939:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
6929:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
6843:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
6357:Reason for succession failure:
5201:
4048:European Royal History Journal
2184:Victoria of the United Kingdom
1334:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad
1286:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad
1101:. When he was in captivity at
1045:, Alexei joined his father at
879:believed her father exercised
700:Alexei and boatswain Derevenko
627:. The sermon was delivered by
1:
7588:Eastern Orthodox royal saints
7583:Russian Orthodox child saints
7573:20th-century Christian saints
6884:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
6267:Alexei Nikolaievich of Russia
5579:King and Wilson, pp. 309–310,
5538:Memories of the Russian Court
5213:
5169:
5127:
4981:
4849:. Russia Beyond the Headlines
4591:Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden,
2064:Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
1049:, when his father became the
496:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
34:Eastern Slavic naming customs
7743:Royalty who died as children
7138:Murder of the Romanov family
7042:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
6914:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
6812:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
6354:15 March 1917 – 17 July 1918
6160:Greg King and Penny Wilson,
5617:10.1371/journal.pone.0004838
5561:, Yale University Press 1997
5301:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004).
5192:. Retrieved on 15 July 2014.
5018:
4801:"The Times, 4 November 1912.
4783:43, no. 1, July 1907, p. 38.
1549:Russian Hydrographic Service
1342:St. Peter and Paul Cathedral
1238:Canonization of the Romanovs
1128:Murder of the Romanov family
964:Terenty Ivanovich Chemodurov
922:which could have caused the
594:King Christian IX of Denmark
565:Nicholas named Alexei after
553:, Nicholas' younger brother
361:forbidden from horseriding.
237:Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna
7593:Deaths by firearm in Russia
7568:20th-century Russian people
6995:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
6164:John Wiley and Sons, 2003,
5993:Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia
5878:M. & B. Wattel (2009).
5361:Jeffreys, Diarmuid (2010).
3969:was introduced in the 1797
1022:British Expeditionary Force
633:Maria Mikhailovna Galitzine
621:Princess Irina Alexandrovna
444:Alexei as an infant in 1904
397:Alexei enjoyed playing the
7769:
7504:Romanov Family Association
6744:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
6092:Willis, Daniel A. (2002).
5570:King and Wilson, pp. 83–84
5388:Lichterman, B. L. (2004).
5332:Diarmuid Jeffreys (2004).
5115:
2233:The royal haemophilia line
2099:
1983:
1910:Princess Dagmar of Denmark
1857:
1751:
1728:
1710:Order of the Double Dragon
1235:
1125:
692:Pierre Gilliard and Alexei
658:
606:Wilhelm II, German Emperor
492:Princess Dagmar of Denmark
472:St. Petersburg Governorate
466:30 July] 1904 in
324:Appearance and personality
183:Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
148:Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov
94:St. Petersburg Governorate
32:In this name that follows
31:
7527:
7069:
6726:
6652:
6416:
6366:
6339:
6331:
6324:
6297:
6162:The Fate of the Romanovs,
5406:10.1136/bmj.329.7479.1408
5377:– via Google Books.
5367:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
5290:– via Google Books.
4915:M. Nelipa (2015) Alexei.
4757:Lifelong Passion, p. 249.
4325:Radziwill, Taint, p. 196.
3805:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3622:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3402:
3400:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3183:
3181:
3169:
3167:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3013:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2897:
2895:
2882:
2860:
2824:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2715:
2713:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2612:
2594:
2540:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2306:
2169:
2161:
2133:
2111:
2107:
2071:
2049:
2041:
2013:
1991:
1987:
1949:
1927:
1919:
1891:
1869:
1865:
1829:
1807:
1799:
1771:
1755:
1616:Order of Saint Stanislaus
1533:Остров Цесаревича Алексея
1532:
1514:Tsesarevich Alexei Island
1099:abdication of Nicholas II
1089:during the winter of 1917
1014:Sir John Hanbury-Williams
896:Hélène Carrère d'Encausse
216:
147:
138:
134:
129:Execution by firing squad
71:
62:
7728:Sons of Russian emperors
7633:Murdered Russian royalty
6362:Empire abolished in 1917
5920:– via runeberg.org
5780:Kerensky, A. F. (1927),
5461:Robert K. Massie (1967)
5242:, Doubleday, 2000, p. 77
5157:
4993:
4946:Simon Sebag Montefiore,
4732:Simon Sebag Montefiore,
4383:Radziwill, Taint, p. 397
4314:Royal Romances of To-day
1596:Order of the White Eagle
1518:Emperor Nicholas II Land
988:Maria Gustavna Tutelberg
163:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
7708:Executed Russian people
7608:People with haemophilia
7359:Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin
6048:Encyclopædia Britannica
5998:Encyclopædia Britannica
5463:Nicholas and Alexandra,
5145:www.alexanderpalace.org
5030:Mossolov, Court, p. 152
4690:10.1126/science.1180660
4610:www.alexanderpalace.org
4463:Nicholas and Alexandra,
4183:www.alexanderpalace.org
4094:Encloypaedia Britannica
3918:Legend: X – unaffected
1884:Christian IX of Denmark
1790:Alexander III of Russia
1614:Knight of the Imperial
1604:Knight of the Imperial
1594:Knight of the Imperial
1584:Knight of the Imperial
1574:Knight of the Imperial
1525:Tsarevich Alexei Island
1385:Historical significance
1338:Russian Orthodox Church
1312:, Yekaterinburg, Russia
1292:Russian Orthodox Church
1270:Eastern Orthodox Church
512:Christian IX of Denmark
508:Princess Marie of Hesse
303:Russian Orthodox Church
119:Russian Soviet Republic
7723:Tsesarevichs of Russia
7618:Child murder in Russia
7484:List of Russian saints
7328:Yevgeni Preobrazhensky
6232:a 2000 article in the
6181:, Random House, 1995,
5905:Sveriges statskalender
5804:Nicholas and Alexandra
5789:27 August 2016 at the
4833:Nicholas and Alexandra
4638:. AAAS. Archived from
4354:Nicholas and Alexandra
4301:Nicholas and Alexandra
4275:Romanovs and Mr Gibbes
4249:Nicholas and Alexandra
4163:Nicholas and Alexandra
4124:The Russian Legitimist
1764:Alexander II of Russia
1666:: Knight of the Royal
1521:
1500:Nicholas and Alexandra
1490:
1381:
1200:
1141:
1090:
1038:
995:
955:
947:
928:anti-inflammatory drug
902:. This pain-relieving
846:
709:
701:
693:
685:
674:
652:
524:Albert, Prince Consort
516:Louise of Hesse-Kassel
504:Alexander II of Russia
459:
445:
433:
7653:Grand dukes of Russia
7293:Alexander Beloborodov
7162:Nicholas II of Russia
6720:Grand Dukes of Russia
6537:Without special title
6342:— TITULAR —
4636:ScienceNOW Daily News
1848:Nicholas II of Russia
1668:Order of the Seraphim
1512:
1478:
1362:
1191:aboard the steamship
1186:
1135:
1084:
1036:
972:Charles Sydney Gibbes
961:
953:
945:
707:
699:
691:
680:
668:
588:and his great-uncle,
488:Emperor Alexander III
451:
443:
227:to the throne of the
173:Nicholas II of Russia
65:Tsesarevich of Russia
7288:Filipp Goloshchyokin
7168:Alexandra Feodorovna
6370:Kirill Vladimirovich
6273:The Romanov Memorial
6269:at Wikimedia Commons
5864:7 April 2020 at the
5818:Geographical Journal
5649:Eckel, Mike (2008).
4963:Chapter III, p. 84.
4504:Zeepvat, Charlotte,
4486:Massie, pp. 136–146.
4413:Massie, pp. 136–143.
1413:improve this article
1156:secret police under
966:, Vasiliev, Petrov,
484:Alexandra Feodorovna
217:Алексе́й Никола́евич
6234:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
5830:1975GeogJ.141...59B
5608:2009PLoSO...4.4838C
5490:28 May 2008 at the
5225:G. Shelley (1925),
4681:2009Sci...326..817R
4437:alexanderpalace.org
3944:on 10 January 2018.
1606:Order of Saint Anna
1173:Michael Goleniewski
1095:February Revolution
608:. As Russia was at
312:after his ancestor
255:February Revolution
239:. He was born with
125:Cause of death
7408:October Revolution
7404:Russian Revolution
7308:Nikolay Tolmachyov
6326:Titles in pretence
6228:Maxim Shevchenko,
6219:Demetrios Serfes,
6207:The Rasputin File,
6205:Edvard Radzinsky,
6177:Robert K. Massie,
5734:The New York Times
5263:on 1 January 2016.
5238:Edvard Radzinsky,
5076:Last Grand Duchess
4904:Last Grand Duchess
4882:Last Grand Duchess
4781:Current Literature
4768:Russia from Within
4642:on 12 October 2009
4461:Robert K. Massie,
4352:Robert K. Massie,
4299:Robert K. Massie,
4247:Robert K. Massie,
4161:Robert K. Massie,
4130:on 31 January 2018
1522:
1491:
1382:
1364:The Romanovs with
1201:
1195:that took them to
1142:
1091:
1051:Commander-in-Chief
1039:
1009:In December 1916,
996:
976:Vladimir Derevenko
956:
948:
868:which he got from
816:. Alexei's tutor,
710:
702:
694:
686:
675:
640:Sophie Buxhoeveden
559:Sophie Buxhoeveden
460:
446:
347:Alexander Izvolsky
335:Sophie Buxhoeveden
318:Grand Duke Michael
267:October Revolution
213:Alexei Nikolaevich
58:Alexei Nikolaevich
7628:Executed children
7545:
7544:
7519:Romanov impostors
7414:Russian Civil War
7382:
7381:
7283:Felix Dzerzhinsky
7254:
7253:
7104:
7103:
6730:Peter I of Russia
6686:
6685:
6419:Tsardom of Russia
6376:
6375:
6367:Succeeded by
6349:Emperor of Russia
6344:
6265:Media related to
6240:Charlotte Zeepvat
6209:Doubleday, 2000,
6195:Doubleday, 1997,
6138:978-1-85605-469-0
6125:Maclagan, Michael
6103:978-0-8063-5172-8
5971:on 1 October 2021
5889:978-2-35077-135-9
5737:. 15 August 2000.
5240:The Rasputin File
5061:M. Nelipa (2015)
5048:M. Nelipa (2015)
5005:M. Nelipa (2015)
4959:M. Nelipa (2015)
4928:Helen Rappaport,
4867:Helen Rappaport,
4831:Robert K Massie,
4578:Helen Rappaport,
4334:Helen Rappaport,
4312:Kellogg Durland,
4148:Pierre Gilliard,
4075:978-0-85011-029-6
3950:
3949:
3915:
3914:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
1547:on behalf of the
1535:), later renamed
1445:
1444:
1437:
1326:
1325:
1266:Venerated in
984:Alexandra Tegleva
980:Elizaveta Ersberg
827:and best friend,
802:Białowieża Forest
712:Alexei inherited
671:Białowieża Forest
629:John of Kronstadt
387:toe of the shoe.
271:Russian Civil War
210:
209:
152:
151:
117:, Yekaterinburg,
16:(Redirected from
7760:
7623:Executed royalty
7535:
7534:
7323:Gavril Myasnikov
7318:Fyodor Lukoyanov
7263:
7149:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7108:
7097:
7090:
7083:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6690:
6678:tsarevich Dmitry
6426:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6379:
6364:
6358:
6340:
6332:Preceded by
6320:
6313:
6304:House of Romanov
6295:
6264:
6143:
6142:
6117:
6108:
6107:
6089:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6060:
6051:
6040:
6031:
6030:
6010:
6001:
5990:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5875:
5869:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5813:
5807:
5800:
5794:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5695:
5689:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5657:. Archived from
5646:
5640:
5639:
5629:
5619:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5541:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5467:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5339:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5259:. Archived from
5249:
5243:
5236:
5230:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5182:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5089:Gilliard, Pierre
5085:
5079:
5072:
5066:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4957:
4951:
4944:
4933:
4926:
4920:
4913:
4907:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4766:Alexander Ular,
4764:
4758:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4737:
4730:
4724:
4721:Lifelong Passion
4717:
4711:
4710:
4692:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4602:
4596:
4589:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4522:
4519:Lifelong Passion
4515:
4509:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4475:
4472:
4466:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4393:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4350:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4297:
4278:
4271:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4245:
4234:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4175:
4166:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4126:. Archived from
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4034:
4032:Biography portal
4029:
4028:
4027:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3963:
3945:
3943:
3936:
3617:Victoria Eugenie
2273:
2272:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2237:
1745:
1736:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1687:: Knight of the
1685:Kingdom of Italy
1683:
1681:
1680:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1647:Legion of Honour
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1534:
1494:Grigori Rasputin
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1397:
1389:
1370:Tsar Nicholas II
1306:
1258:Tsesarevich and
1242:
1071:Hanbury-Williams
932:Robert K. Massie
778:Grigori Rasputin
763:Klementy Nagorny
567:Alexis of Russia
522:and her husband
314:Alexis of Russia
248:Grigori Rasputin
233:Tsar Nicholas II
218:
206:
193:Russian Orthodox
140:
111:
76:
55:
21:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7638:Passion bearers
7548:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7523:
7514:Provender House
7462:
7378:
7349:Grigory Nikulin
7332:
7298:Boris Didkovsky
7250:
7228:
7224:Ivan Kharitonov
7197:
7140:
7135:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7088:
7073:
7065:
7052:10th generation
7047:
7029:
7006:
6948:
6847:
6816:
6785:
6769:
6748:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6687:
6682:
6648:
6559:
6532:
6431:
6412:
6406:
6372:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6345:
6337:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6300:
6278:FrozenTears.org
6257:
6252:
6156:
6154:Further reading
6151:
6146:
6139:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6073:
6071:
6070:on 3 April 2005
6062:
6061:
6054:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6012:
6011:
6004:
5991:
5984:
5974:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5948:
5946:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5915:
5913:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5890:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5866:Wayback Machine
5857:
5853:
5838:10.2307/1796946
5815:
5814:
5810:
5801:
5797:
5791:Wayback Machine
5783:The Catastrophe
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5553:
5548:
5544:
5535:
5531:
5527:Massie, p. 307.
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5492:Wayback Machine
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5459:
5455:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5375:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5315:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5237:
5233:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5190:Foreign Affairs
5183:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5069:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5017:
5013:
5004:
5000:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4958:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4930:Romanov Sisters
4927:
4923:
4914:
4910:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4879:
4875:
4869:Romanov Sisters
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4774:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4744:
4740:
4731:
4727:
4718:
4714:
4660:
4659:
4655:
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4643:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4590:
4586:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4525:
4516:
4512:
4503:
4499:
4495:Massie, p. 143.
4494:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4474:Massie, p. 145.
4473:
4469:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4311:
4307:
4298:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4259:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4213:Helen Rappaport
4211:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4101:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3916:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3111:
3102:
3093:
2888:
2879:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2312:
2303:
2267:
2264:
2235:
2230:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1699:
1697:
1693:25 October 1909
1678:
1676:
1657:
1655:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1626:17 October 1915
1562:
1560:
1557:
1545:Boris Vilkitsky
1441:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1410:
1398:
1387:
1380:
1350:passion bearers
1332:in 1981 by the
1310:Church on Blood
1301:
1296:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1181:
1130:
1124:
1079:
1031:
974:. Second line:
968:Pierre Gilliard
940:
918:, and promotes
825:lady-in-waiting
818:Pierre Gilliard
739:Pierre Gilliard
663:
657:
602:Prince of Wales
582:Peterhof Palace
468:Peterhof Palace
438:
330:Pierre Gilliard
326:
299:passion bearers
113:
109:
97:
90:Peterhof Palace
88:
87:12 August 1904
79:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7766:
7764:
7756:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7550:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7528:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7470:
7468:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7411:
7401:
7399:Russian Empire
7396:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7374:Alexey Kabanov
7371:
7369:Stepan Vaganov
7366:
7364:Pavel Medvedev
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7344:Yakov Yurovsky
7340:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7303:Georgy Safarov
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7278:Yakov Sverdlov
7275:
7273:Vladimir Lenin
7269:
7267:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7240:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7164:
7157:
7155:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7111:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7037:
7035:
7034:9th generation
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7020:
7014:
7012:
7011:8th generation
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6953:7th generation
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6852:6th generation
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6821:5th generation
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6790:4th generation
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6774:3rd generation
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6756:
6754:
6753:2nd generation
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6740:
6738:
6737:1st generation
6734:
6733:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6693:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:claimed to be
6670:
6661:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6620:
6612:
6606:
6598:
6590:
6584:
6576:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6549:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6510:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6482:
6475:
6467:
6460:
6452:
6446:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6428:Russian Empire
6421:(1547–1721) /
6417:
6414:
6413:
6410:Russian throne
6407:
6405:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6365:
6338:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6301:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6270:
6256:
6255:External links
6253:
6251:
6250:
6237:
6225:
6217:
6203:
6189:
6175:
6172:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6109:
6102:
6081:
6064:"Christian IX"
6052:
6032:
6025:
6002:
5982:
5956:
5923:
5895:
5888:
5870:
5851:
5808:
5795:
5773:
5740:
5720:
5690:
5672:
5641:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5551:
5542:
5529:
5520:
5498:
5477:
5475:Massie, p. 296
5468:
5453:
5421:
5400:(7479): 1408.
5380:
5374:978-1408820421
5373:
5353:
5347:978-1582343860
5346:
5324:
5314:978-1576073551
5313:
5293:
5287:978-2213649764
5286:
5266:
5257:www.litmir.net
5244:
5231:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5174:
5162:
5150:
5132:
5120:
5108:
5080:
5067:
5054:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5021:, pp. 100–101.
5011:
4998:
4986:
4974:
4965:
4952:
4934:
4921:
4908:
4906:, pp. 142–143.
4895:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4837:
4824:
4810:Kurth, Peter,
4803:
4794:
4785:
4772:
4759:
4750:
4738:
4725:
4712:
4653:
4622:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4562:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4523:
4510:
4497:
4488:
4476:
4467:
4454:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4358:
4340:
4327:
4318:
4305:
4279:
4266:
4262:Royal Romances
4253:
4235:
4226:
4217:
4200:
4167:
4154:
4141:
4111:
4081:
4074:
4057:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3991:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3888:Maria Cristina
3885:
3883:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
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3808:
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3670:
3668:
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3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
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3649:
3648:
3641:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3614:
3612:
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3603:
3601:
3599:
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3427:
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3404:
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3399:
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3395:
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3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
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2301:Queen Victoria
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1620:11 August 1904
1612:
1610:11 August 1904
1602:
1600:11 August 1904
1592:
1590:11 August 1904
1582:
1580:11 August 1904
1569:Russian Empire
1556:
1553:
1443:
1442:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1378:Kuban Cossacks
1363:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:Passion bearer
1255:
1254:
1252:Alexei Romanov
1251:
1245:
1236:Main article:
1233:
1230:
1180:
1177:
1158:Yakov Yurovsky
1126:Main article:
1123:
1120:
1078:
1075:
1067:Lance Corporal
1030:
1027:
939:
936:
877:Maria Rasputin
873:Peter Badmayev
814:last sacrament
810:Russian Poland
730:umbilical cord
659:Main article:
656:
653:
610:war with Japan
520:Queen Victoria
476:Russian Empire
437:
434:
325:
322:
229:Russian Empire
208:
207:
200:
196:
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190:
186:
185:
180:
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160:
154:
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149:
145:
144:
136:
135:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
112:(aged 13)
106:
102:
101:
99:Russian Empire
85:
81:
80:
78:Alexei in 1913
77:
69:
68:
60:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7765:
7754:
7753:Sons of dukes
7751:
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7497:
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7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7453:Ipatiev House
7451:
7449:
7448:Yekaterinburg
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7354:Peter Ermakov
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
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7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
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7299:
7296:
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7279:
7276:
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7271:
7270:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7214:Anna Demidova
7212:
7210:
7209:Eugene Botkin
7207:
7206:
7204:
7200:
7194:
7191:
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7125:
7120:
7118:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7094:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7077:
7076:Alexander III
7072:
7071:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7038:
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7025:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
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6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6864:Alexander III
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
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6607:
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6595:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6564:Tsesareviches
6562:
6555:
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6550:
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6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6429:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6411:
6408:Heirs to the
6403:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6371:
6363:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6249:
6248:0-7509-3049-7
6245:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6216:
6215:0-385-48909-9
6212:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6201:0-385-48673-1
6198:
6194:
6190:
6188:
6187:0-394-58048-6
6184:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:0-471-20768-3
6167:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6150:
6140:
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6130:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6105:
6099:
6095:
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6069:
6065:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6028:
6026:9781429904551
6022:
6018:
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6007:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5970:
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5911:
5907:
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5899:
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5871:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5855:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5839:
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5831:
5827:
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5819:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5792:
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5785:
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5774:
5761:
5757:
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5751:
5744:
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5730:
5724:
5721:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
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5683:
5676:
5673:
5661:on 1 May 2008
5660:
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5609:
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5015:
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4999:
4995:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4861:
4848:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4820:1-86448-911-1
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4770:, 1905, p. 41
4769:
4763:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4675:(5954): 817.
4674:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4657:
4654:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4623:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:, pp. 154–155
4520:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4465:1967, p. 137.
4464:
4458:
4455:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4054:(XLV): 19–27.
4053:
4049:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3952:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3912:
3907:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3810:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3731:
3729:
3709:
3707:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3549:
3546:
3538:
3536:
3520:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3468:
3466:
3407:
3405:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3310:
3307:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3253:
3251:
3188:
3186:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3084:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3018:
2989:
2977:
2975:
2955:
2953:
2939:
2923:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2887:
2878:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2787:
2785:
2777:
2775:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2691:
2663:
2661:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2453:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2357:
2355:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2302:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1618:, 1st Class,
1617:
1613:
1611:
1608:, 1st Class,
1607:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1516:southeast of
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1402:This section
1400:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:Yekaterinburg
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:sulfuric acid
1206:
1198:
1197:Yekaterinburg
1194:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Yekaterinburg
1147:
1146:Ipatiev House
1139:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:Yekaterinburg
1112:
1108:
1107:Leonid Sednev
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1011:Major-General
1007:
1005:
1001:
993:
992:Tsarskoe Selo
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
952:
944:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:antiaggregant
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
866:Tibetan herbs
863:
862:Felix Yusupov
859:
855:
854:Anna Vyrubova
851:
845:
840:
837:
834:
833:Eugene Botkin
830:
829:Anna Vyrubova
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
795:
790:
786:
781:
779:
774:
770:
768:
767:Anna Vyrubova
764:
758:
756:
752:
747:
742:
740:
734:
731:
725:
723:
719:
715:
706:
698:
690:
684:
679:
672:
667:
662:
654:
651:
649:
643:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
575:
570:
568:
563:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
456:
450:
442:
435:
432:
427:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
384:
381:
380:Sydney Gibbes
376:
374:
373:Eugene Botkin
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
338:
336:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:heir apparent
222:
214:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
159:
155:
146:
141:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
115:Ipatiev House
107:
103:
100:
95:
91:
86:
82:
75:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44: and the
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
7499:White émigré
7474:Canonization
7337:Executioners
7313:Pyotr Voykov
7259:Perpetrators
7219:Alexei Trupp
7192:
7058:
7040:
7022:
7017:
6999:
6828:Alexander II
6657:
6642:
6622:
6614:
6600:
6592:
6578:
6570:
6551:
6543:
6512:
6504:
6484:
6477:
6469:
6462:
6454:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6319:17 July 1918
6316:
6312:30 July 1904
6309:
6302:
6233:
6229:
6220:
6206:
6192:
6178:
6161:
6128:
6093:
6072:. Retrieved
6068:the original
6046:
6015:
5996:
5973:. Retrieved
5969:the original
5959:
5947:. Retrieved
5933:
5926:
5914:, retrieved
5904:
5898:
5879:
5873:
5868:(In Russian)
5854:
5824:(1): 59–71.
5821:
5817:
5811:
5803:
5798:
5782:
5776:
5764:. Retrieved
5755:The Guardian
5753:
5743:
5732:
5723:
5711:. Retrieved
5693:
5681:
5675:
5663:. Retrieved
5659:the original
5654:
5644:
5602:(3): e4838.
5599:
5595:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5558:
5554:
5545:
5537:
5532:
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5501:
5495:(in Russian)
5480:
5471:
5462:
5456:
5444:. Retrieved
5424:
5397:
5393:
5383:
5363:
5356:
5335:
5327:
5319:Google Books
5317:– via
5307:. ABC-CLIO.
5303:
5296:
5276:
5269:
5261:the original
5256:
5247:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5189:
5165:
5153:
5144:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5099:. Retrieved
5093:
5083:
5075:
5070:
5062:
5057:
5052:, pp. 85–86.
5049:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5014:
5006:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4968:
4960:
4955:
4948:The Romanovs
4947:
4929:
4924:
4919:, pp. 76–77.
4916:
4911:
4903:
4898:
4889:
4881:
4876:
4868:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4840:
4832:
4827:
4811:
4806:
4797:
4788:
4780:
4775:
4767:
4762:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4734:The Romanovs
4733:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4672:
4666:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4640:the original
4635:
4625:
4613:. Retrieved
4609:
4600:
4592:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4500:
4491:
4470:
4462:
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4353:
4335:
4330:
4321:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4274:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4229:
4220:
4191:. Retrieved
4182:
4162:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4132:. Retrieved
4128:the original
4123:
4114:
4102:. Retrieved
4093:
4084:
4065:
4060:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4003:
3994:
3971:Pauline Laws
3961:
3939:the original
3924:Y chromosome
3920:X chromosome
3626:Alfonso XIII
3157:
2837:Ernest Louis
1967:
1719:
1706:Qing dynasty
1692:
1672:27 June 1909
1671:
1650:
1625:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1523:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1462:
1454:Catherine II
1446:
1431:
1422:
1411:Please help
1406:verification
1403:
1354:
1330:holy martyrs
1327:
1217:
1202:
1199:in May 1918.
1192:
1169:Heino Tammet
1162:
1143:
1092:
1064:
1055:Russian Army
1040:
1008:
997:
924:hemarthrosis
893:
885:
870:quack doctor
847:
842:
838:
822:
799:
782:
775:
771:
759:
754:
746:tuberculosis
743:
735:
726:
722:hemophilia B
711:
645:
637:
614:
579:
571:
564:
544:
482:and Empress
461:
453:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
403:
396:
389:
385:
377:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
342:
339:
327:
309:
307:
265:. After the
252:
245:faith healer
212:
211:
110:(1918-07-17)
108:17 July 1918
63:
49:
41:
29:
7563:1918 deaths
7558:1904 births
7458:Ganina Yama
7443:Ural Soviet
6960:Nicholas II
6797:Alexander I
6639:(1899–1904)
6583:(1796–1801)
6529:(1690–1718)
6474:(1598–1605)
6436:Tsareviches
6430:(1721–1917)
6335:Nicholas II
6121:Louda, Jiří
5766:13 December
4853:19 February
4719:Mouchanow,
4517:Mouchanow,
3967:tsesarevich
2864:Nicholas II
1708:: Imperial
1651:8 July 1914
1537:Maly Taymyr
1480:Nicholas II
1425:August 2012
1043:World War I
1006:in Russia.
1000:World War I
586:grandmother
480:Nicholas II
436:Early years
392:Gleb Botkin
320:as lawful.
241:haemophilia
221:Tsesarevich
46:family name
42:Nikolaevich
18:Nikolaevich
7552:Categories
7479:New Martyr
7438:Red Terror
7387:Background
7266:Organizers
6807:Nicholas I
6587:Konstantin
5975:12 October
5937:. p.
5536:Vyrubova,
5280:. Fayard.
4447:30 October
4338:, p. 175.
4134:30 January
4018:References
3965:The title
2526:Edward VII
1729:See also:
1482:, Alexei,
1004:Boy Scouts
714:hemophilia
655:Hemophilia
642:recalled:
625:kokoshniks
547:chloroform
275:White Army
253:After the
215:(Russian:
38:patronymic
7202:Entourage
6765:Peter III
6672:Son of a
6668:canon law
6658:Tsarevich
6656:Title of
6645:(1904–17)
6633:(1894–99)
6627:(1881–94)
6619:(1865–81)
6616:Alexander
6611:(1855–65)
6605:(1825–55)
6602:Alexander
6597:(1823–25)
6589:(1801–23)
6580:Alexander
6575:(1762–96)
6556:(1742–62)
6517:(1676–81)
6509:(1670–76)
6501:(1654–70)
6495:(1648–49)
6489:(1629–45)
6459:(1581–84)
6451:(1554–81)
6445:(1552–53)
5949:8 October
5916:6 January
5655:yahoo.com
5216:, p. 165.
5204:, p. 117.
5202:Rappaport
5160:, p. 152.
5130:, p. 103.
5118:, p. 138.
4996:, p. 156.
4950:, p. 555.
4932:, p. 179.
4884:, p. 142.
4871:, p. 111.
4835:, p. 138.
4748:, p. 237.
4723:, p. 245.
4707:206522975
4646:9 October
4356:, p. 142.
4316:, 206–207
4264:, p. 206.
4260:Durland,
4251:, p. 139.
3975:tsarevich
3608:Alexander
3149:Anastasia
3100:Sigismund
2886:Alexander
2846:Frederick
2810:Elisabeth
1458:Peter III
1346:canonized
1277:Canonized
1232:Sainthood
1165:see below
1154:Bolshevik
938:Childhood
904:analgesic
888:Greg King
881:magnetism
850:hypnotism
808:(then in
755:The Times
638:Countess
574:tsarevich
540:Anastasia
399:balalaika
310:Alexei II
305:in 2000.
295:canonized
291:Anastasia
283:impostors
199:Signature
7537:Category
7394:Regicide
7166:Empress
7160:Emperor
7153:Romanovs
6760:Peter II
6624:Nicholas
6609:Nicholas
6594:Nicholas
6127:(1999).
5943:Archived
5910:archived
5862:Archived
5802:Massie,
5787:Archived
5760:Archived
5713:11 March
5707:Archived
5665:30 April
5636:19277206
5596:PLOS ONE
5513:16 April
5488:Archived
5437:Archived
5229:, p. 60.
5214:Moynahan
5172:, p. 33.
5170:Rasputin
5128:Fuhrmann
5091:(1921).
5078:, p. 143
5074:Vorres,
5019:Fuhrmann
5009:, p. 90.
4982:Vyrubova
4902:Vorres,
4880:Vorres,
4736:, p. 519
4699:19815722
4441:Archived
4303:, p. 140
4277:, p. 37.
4187:Archived
4165:, p. 144
4152:, p. 26
4104:22 April
4098:Archived
4090:"Alexis"
3928:Source:
3091:Waldemar
2801:Victoria
2607:Beatrice
2544:Louis IV
2517:Victoria
1725:Ancestry
1716:Archives
1452:mother,
1290:2000 by
1284:1981 by
1205:Yurovsky
1140:in 1917.
1060:fountain
994:in 1916.
920:bleeding
916:clotting
858:hypnosis
751:nihilist
455:Standart
419:others.
343:Standart
189:Religion
7145:Victims
6664:Ivan IV
6637:Michael
6074:14 July
6045:at the
5995:at the
5846:1796946
5826:Bibcode
5806:, 1967.
5686:GenBank
5627:2652717
5604:Bibcode
5063:Alexei,
4984:, p. 94
4677:Bibcode
4668:Science
4615:16 July
4595:, 1928.
4273:Welch,
4193:16 July
3987:Georgia
3983:Siberia
3906:Gonzalo
3879:Beatriz
3861:Alfonso
3644:Maurice
3635:Leopold
3391:Maurice
3131:Tatiana
2589:Leopold
1555:Honours
1543:led by
1529:Russian
1484:Tatiana
1376:, with
1322:17 July
1138:Tatiana
1111:Siberia
1103:Tobolsk
1087:Tobolsk
1053:of the
1041:During
998:During
926:. The "
908:aspirin
900:aspirin
532:Tatiana
458:in 1908
301:by the
263:Siberia
259:Tobolsk
50:Romanov
7467:Legacy
7422:Whites
7420:&
7242:Jemmie
7239:Ortino
6781:Paul I
6643:Alexei
6631:George
6548:(1740)
6527:Alexei
6523:(1681)
6506:Feodor
6499:Alexis
6493:Dmitry
6486:Alexis
6471:Feodor
6464:Dmitry
6456:Feodor
6443:Dmitry
6315:
6246:
6213:
6199:
6185:
6168:
6135:
6100:
6023:
5886:
5844:
5634:
5624:
5465:p. 15.
5446:6 June
5415:535471
5412:
5371:
5344:
5311:
5284:
5101:7 June
5065:p. 93.
5050:Alexei
5007:Alexei
4818:
4705:
4697:
4582:p. 75.
4072:
3979:Crimea
3382:Rupert
3158:Alexei
2580:Arthur
2571:Louise
2562:Helena
2553:Alfred
2310:Albert
1703:
1682:
1664:Sweden
1661:
1642:France
1639:
1566:
1488:Nikita
1449:Paul I
1304:shrine
1302:Major
1047:Stavka
1029:Stavka
1018:Stavka
910:is an
683:Rostov
648:ermine
600:, the
498:, and
279:murder
179:Mother
169:Father
36:, the
7433:Cheka
7080:ukase
6553:Peter
6317:Died:
6310:Born:
5842:JSTOR
5440:(PDF)
5433:(PDF)
5116:Pares
4703:S2CID
3953:Notes
3942:(PDF)
3935:(PDF)
3870:Jaime
3140:Maria
3109:Henry
2877:Alice
2828:Henry
2819:Irene
2616:Henry
2598:Helen
2535:Alice
1374:Maria
1318:Feast
1247:Saint
1122:Death
806:Spała
536:Maria
287:Maria
158:House
143:Names
7418:Reds
7233:Pets
6572:Paul
6545:Ivan
6521:Ilya
6514:Ivan
6479:Ivan
6449:Ivan
6244:ISBN
6211:ISBN
6197:ISBN
6183:ISBN
6166:ISBN
6133:ISBN
6098:ISBN
6076:2018
6021:ISBN
5977:2021
5951:2020
5918:2018
5884:ISBN
5768:2016
5715:2009
5667:2008
5632:PMID
5515:2008
5448:2015
5369:ISBN
5342:ISBN
5309:ISBN
5282:ISBN
5103:2015
4855:2020
4816:ISBN
4695:PMID
4648:2009
4617:2021
4449:2010
4195:2021
4136:2018
4106:2019
4070:ISBN
3897:Juan
3122:Olga
2855:Alix
2182:15.
2124:14.
2062:13.
2004:12.
1940:11.
1882:10.
1486:and
1465:O.S.
1189:Olga
604:and
538:and
528:Olga
514:and
490:and
464:O.S.
289:(or
235:and
105:Died
84:Born
7246:Joy
7078:'s
6674:man
5834:doi
5822:141
5703:CNN
5622:PMC
5612:doi
5410:PMC
5402:doi
5398:329
5394:BMJ
5158:Moe
4994:Moe
4685:doi
4673:326
4052:8.3
3985:or
3373:May
3152:XX?
3143:Xx?
3134:XX?
3125:XX?
2150:7.
2088:3.
2030:6.
1966:1.
1908:5.
1846:2.
1820:9.
1788:4.
1762:8.
1415:by
1348:as
1193:Rus
1148:in
753:."
406:Joy
297:as
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