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of fantasy. The word 'Podvoiskyism' subsequently acquired on the lips of Lenin a friendly-ironical and admonitory flavour. But the weaker sides of this ebullient nature were to show themselves chiefly after the conquest of power, when an abundance of opportunities and means gave too many stimuli to the extravagant energy of
Podvoisky and his passion for decorative undertakings. In the conditions of the revolutionary struggle for power, his optimistic decisiveness of character, his self-abnegation, his tirelessness, made him an irreplaceable leader.
878:
225:
455:
61:
429:
507:
925:
370:
demonstrations were suppressed, Podvoisky — according to
Trotsky — veered from being "too impetuous" to becoming "far more cautious", but despite his scepticism played a leading part in the military operation that overthrew the Provisional Government in November 1917, including planning the final act that brought down the government, the assault on the
359:
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almost all parts of your body could easily be left naked for most of the year...We can — and must — discard all the ballast that separates our body from the sun: coats, jackets, vests, shirts, women's fashions, socks, and boots. Nine times out of ten, people wear them not because they need them, but
519:
Podvoisky was a sharply outlined and unique figure in the ranks of
Bolshevism, with traits of the Russian revolutionary of the old type — from the theological seminaries — a man of great although undisciplined energy, with a creative imagination which, it must be confessed, often went to the length
390:
appointed People's
Commissar for Defence, before they were replaced by Trotsky, in March 1918. He was a founder of the Red Army, but was not an important military commander. He rapidly lost influence during the civil war, part of which he spent in Ukraine. At the tenth party congress of the Russian
322:
organisation in
Yaroslavl. He was arrested in 1904 and again in 1905, for helping organise a strike by the city's railway workers, but soon released on both occasions. Injured during a demonstration, he sought treatment in Germany and Switzerland. He returned to Russia in 1906, and worked illegally
403:(Sportintern), whose task, according to him, was to "convert sport and gymnastics into a weapon of the class revolutionary struggle, concentrate attention of workers and peasants on sport and gymnastics as one of the best instruments, method and weapons for their class organisation and struggle."
369:
acknowledged that "under
Podvoisky, who easily mastered the functions of command, an impromptu general staff was formed...In order to protect the demonstration from attack, armoured cars were placed at the bridges leading to the capital and at the central crossings of the main streets." After the
294:
394:
In 1920, Podvoisky was appointed
Chairman of the Supreme Council of Physical Culture, which ran the system of compulsory physical training of youths prior to their being called up for military service. In July 1921, during the third
832:
265:
72:
481:, and told him: "You know how stubborn I am, you'd better not argue with me! Better listen to me, and then later don't do it. But make a note of everything I say so that I have the impression I'm being listened to."
419:
514:
By the time
Trotsky wrote his history of the Bolshevik revolution, Podvoisky had joined his enemies, yet Trotsky wrote about him more respectfully than about many of the others who went on to join Stalin's faction.
309:
family, one of seven children of a former teacher who had become a priest. In 1901, he was expelled from
Chernigov Seminary for political activities. In that same year, he enrolled in the Law Faculty in
1213:
886:
820:
100:
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799:
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Communist Party, in March 1920, he proposed that the army should be demobilised and replaced by a localised militia system, a proposal that received no notable support.
494:
because they want to show off... It is very easy to imagine a perfectly natural setting in which a high-ranking official might appear in public in only his underwear.
335:. In 1913, he settled near St. Petersburg to organise the smuggling of Bolshevik literature into Russia. He was arrested in November 1916, but released during the
1198:
1218:
437:
From 1935 he was retired and was a personal pensioner. He was engaged in propaganda, literary and journalistic activities for the remainder of his life.
440:
In
October 1941, after he was not accepted for military service because of his age, Podvoisky volunteered to lead the digging of trenches near Moscow.
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On July 28, 1948, Nikolai Podvoisky died of a severe heart attack in Moscow. He was buried with military honors in Moscow at the
352:
348:
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In March 1917, Podvoisky was co-opted onto the Petrograd (St. Petersburg) Bolshevik committee, and was appointed head of the
411:
20:
1055:
951:
538:
407:
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272:
1118:
477:, to mark the tenth anniversary of the October revolution. He helped Eisenstein to find suitable locations in
1173:
400:
351:. This organisation played a critical role during the disturbances that threatened to bring down Russia's
318:(RSDLP), using the alias 'Mironovich'. After the RSDLP split in 1903, he became a leading figure in the
154:
96:
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1158:
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Immediately following the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917, Podvoisky was one of a troika, with
277:
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He continued writing on sport and as a party historian until he retired on health grounds in 1935.
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He lost the chairmanship of the Supreme Council of Physical Culture when he was replaced by
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in 1923, and by 1926 he had lost effective control of Sportintern to the head of the
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Military Organization of the Bolshevik Party meeting, Podvoisky seated in the middle.
324:
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848:
812:
366:
261:
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Podvoisky married Nina Didrikil (1882–1953), an Old Bolshevik, who worked at the
533:, preparing Lenin's manuscript for publication. One of her sisters married the
319:
257:
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24:
478:
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311:
293:
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32:
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Podvoisky was also the foremost Soviet exponent of nudity. He wrote:
266:
People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs of the Russian SFSR
73:
People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs of the Russian SFSR
579:
Makers of the Russian Revolution: Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders
534:
505:
454:
428:
358:
357:
292:
678:"Пронин Василий Прохорович - Вспом. Предс. Моссовета | Репортаж"
677:
332:
781:
553:, and a son, Lev, who married the daughter of the Bolshevik
120:
People's Commissar of Military Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR
467:
In 1927, Podvoisky was the leading consultant on the film
256:; February 16 , 1880 – July 28, 1948) was a Russian
728:
The House of Government, A Saga of the Russian Revolution
301:
Nikolai Podvoisky was born in Kunochevsk village in the
581:. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 189–190.
545:. They had five daughters, one of whom, Nina, married
285:, which describes progress of the Russian Revolution.
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275:and wrote many articles for the Soviet newspaper
634:Socialism in One Country, 1924-1926, volume two
619:History of the Russian Revolution, volume three
517:
491:
1214:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
16:Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and politician
793:
753:History of the Russian Revolution, volume two
730:. Princeton: Princeton U.P. pp. 237–38.
705:. New York: The Overlook Press. p. 128.
604:History of the Russian Revolution, volume two
433:Podvoisky's grave at the Novodevichy cemetery
418:. In 1924–30, Podvoisky was a member of the
8:
1169:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
541:; the other was mother of another chekist,
800:
786:
778:
426:against Trotsky and other oppositionists.
41:
1194:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
510:Image of Podvoisky on a 1980 Soviet stamp
1234:Ministers of defence of the Soviet Union
305:(formerly Chernigov) province, in to a
85:8 November 1917 – 13 March 1918
566:
316:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
703:Sergei Eisenstein, A Life in Conflict
7:
1199:Russian Constituent Assembly members
549:, son of the high ranking Bolshevik
399:congress, in Moscow, he founded the
131:February 1919 – August 1919
1219:Soviet defence ministers of Ukraine
664:Socialism in One Country, volume 3
649:Socialism in One Country, volume 3
14:
606:. London: Sphere. pp. 43–44.
281:. He also wrote a history of the
926:People's Commissars for the Navy
876:
651:. London: Penguin. p. 1002.
223:
59:
1189:People of the Russian Civil War
887:People's Commissars for Defence
636:. London: Penguin. p. 406.
349:Bolshevik Military Organisation
577:; Marie, Jean-Jacques (1974).
422:, and a reliable supporter of
271:He played a large role in the
1:
984:Ministers of the Armed Forces
412:Communist Youth International
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1179:People from Chernihiv Oblast
1184:People from Nezhinsky Uyezd
1250:
1204:Russian Marxist historians
964:People's Commissar for the
823:Military and Naval Affairs
420:Central Control Commission
323:as Bolshevik organiser in
273:Russian Revolution of 1917
19:In this name that follows
18:
1229:Soviet Marxist historians
874:
253:
245:
231:
135:
124:
78:
67:
58:
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459:Podvoisky (middle) with
343:Revolution and civil war
264:statesman and the first
254:Микола Ілліч Подвойський
246:Николай Ильич Подвойский
238:Nikolai Ilyich Podvoisky
101:minister of War and Navy
1209:Russian revolutionaries
821:People's Commissars for
768:The House of Government
726:Slezkine, Yuri (2019).
701:Bergan, Ronald (1999).
401:Red Sport International
213:Russian Communist Party
602:Trotsky, Leon (1967).
522:
511:
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464:
434:
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353:Provisional Government
298:
95:Position established (
1039:Ministers of the Navy
509:
463:and Sergei Eisenstein
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432:
361:
296:
155:Chernigov Governorate
148:February 4 (16), 1880
97:Aleksander Verkhovsky
1135:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov
1069:Ministers of Defence
1030:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
1009:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
809:Ministers of Defence
445:Novodevichy cemetery
283:Bolshevik Revolution
185:Novodevichy Cemetery
647:Carr, E.H. (1972).
632:Carr, E.H. (1970).
461:Grigori Aleksandrov
451:Advising Eisenstein
416:Vissarion Lominadze
337:February Revolution
897:Kliment Voroshilov
865:Kliment Voroshilov
770:. pp. 234–35.
512:
465:
435:
364:
299:
53:Николай Подвойский
1224:Soviet historians
1146:
1145:
1095:Rodion Malinovsky
1056:Nikolai Kuznetsov
952:Nikolai Kuznetsov
944:Mikhail Frinovsky
905:Semyon Timoshenko
841:Nikolai Podvoisky
475:Sergei Eisenstein
314:, and joined the
297:Podvoisky in 1903
235:
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46:Nikolai Podvoisky
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555:Solomon Lozovsky
408:Nikolai Semashko
384:Nikolai Krylenko
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531:Lenin Institute
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621:. p. 277.
609:
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575:Haupt, Georges
565:
564:
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559:
551:Yakov Sverdlov
539:Mikhail Kedrov
526:
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473:, directed by
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1087:Georgy Zhukov
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975:Joseph Stalin
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936:Pyotr Smirnov
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755:. p. 43.
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31: and the
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1127:Dmitry Yazov
966:Armed Forces
849:Leon Trotsky
840:
813:Soviet Union
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378:Later career
367:Leon Trotsky
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198:(1901–1903)
175:Soviet Union
170:(1948-07-28)
126:
114:Leon Trotsky
109:Succeeded by
80:
36:
28:
1164:1948 deaths
1159:1880 births
1072:(1953–1992)
1041:(1950–1953)
1023:(1950–1953)
986:(1946–1950)
929:(1937–1946)
890:(1934–1946)
826:(1917–1934)
502:Personality
215:(1918–1935)
209:(1903–1918)
91:Preceded by
33:family name
1153:Categories
766:Slezkine.
687:2021-11-15
561:References
289:Early life
205:Bolsheviks
25:patronymic
1138:(1991–92)
1130:(1987–91)
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1106:(1967–76)
1098:(1957–67)
1090:(1955–57)
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908:(1940–41)
900:(1934–40)
868:(1925–34)
852:(1918–25)
844:(1917–18)
751:Trotsky.
485:On Nudity
479:Leningrad
397:Comintern
320:Bolshevik
312:Yaroslavl
307:Ukrainian
303:Chernihiv
258:Bolshevik
250:Ukrainian
220:Signature
127:In office
81:In office
37:Podvoisky
329:Kostroma
187:, Moscow
833:Council
811:of the
535:Chekist
470:October
242:Russian
968:(1946)
860:(1925)
836:(1917)
734:
709:
662:Carr.
585:
525:Family
331:, and
262:Soviet
29:Ilyich
23:, the
201:RSDLP
196:RSDLP
732:ISBN
707:ISBN
583:ISBN
386:and
333:Baku
165:Died
145:Born
99:as
35:is
27:is
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39:.
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