Nilotic peoples - Knowledge

1140: 448: 631: 788: 729: 298: 1120:. He is generally seen as kind and benevolent, but can be angered. He once reportedly answered a woman's prayer for the resurrection of her son. Her husband, however, was angry and killed the child. According to the Lotuko religion, Ajok was annoyed by the man's actions and swore never to resurrect any Lotuko again. As a result, death was said to have become permanent. 1098:, who is the God of the sky and rain, and the ruler of all the spirits. He is believed to be present in all of creation, and to control the destiny of every human, plant, and animal on Earth. Nhialic is also known as Jaak, Juong, or Dyokin by other Nilotic groups, such as the Nuer and Shilluk. Dengdit or Deng, is the sky God of rain and fertility, empowered by Nhialic. 959: 3463: 1338: 1226: 1050: 1377:. This sporting prowess may be related to their exceptional running economy, a function of slim body morphology and very long, slender legs (particularly lower legs, i.e., calf muscles and ankles.). For 404 elite Kenyan distance runners, 76% of the international-class respondents identified as part of the 1353:

Sudanese Nilotes are regarded as one of the tallest peoples in the world. Average values of 182.6 cm (5 ft 11.9 in) for height and 58.8 kg (130 lb; 9 st 4 lb) for weight were seen in a sample of Sudanese Shilluk. Another sample of Sudanese Dinka had a stature/weight

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DNA of Nilotic peoples has been examined in a study on the genetic clusters of various populations in Africa. According to the researchers, Nilotes generally form their own African genetic cluster, although relatively most closely related to other Nilo-Saharan populations, more distantly followed by

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The Nilotic expansion from the Sudd Marshes into the rest of South Sudan seems to have begun in the 14th century. This coincides with the collapse of the Christian Nubian kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia and the penetration of Arab traders into central Sudan. From the Arabs, the South Sudanese may have

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in Sudan and date to 3000 BC. Kadero contains the remains of a cattle pastoralist culture and a cemetery with skeletal remains featuring sub-Saharan African phenotypes. It also contains evidence of other animal domestication, artistry, long-distance trade, seed cultivation, and fish consumption.

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While the Dinka were protected and isolated from their neighbours, the Cøllø were more involved in international affairs. The Cøllø controlled the west bank of the White Nile, but the other side was controlled by the Funj sultanate, with regular conflict between the two. The Cøllø had the ability to

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Physically, Nilotes are noted for their typically very dark skin color and slender, and occasionally tall bodies. They often possess exceptionally long limbs, particularly their distal segments (fore arms, lower legs). This characteristic is thought to be a climatic adaptation to allow their bodies

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Overall, Nilotic people and other Nilo-Saharan groups are closely related to Afro-Asiatic speakers of North and East Africa. Both groups are inferred to have diverged from a common ancestor around 16,000 years ago. Nilotic people and other Nilo-Saharan groups are also closely related to Niger-Congo

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The significance of tracing individual clan histories in order to get an idea of Kalenjin groups formation has been shown by scholars such as B.E. Kipkorir (1978). He argued that the Tugen first settled in small clan groups, fleeing from war, famine, and disease, and that they arrived from western,

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have largely discarded such efforts to classify peoples according to physical characteristics, in favor of using linguistic studies to distinguish among peoples. They formed ethnicities and cultures based on a shared language. Since the late 20th century, however, social and physical scientists are

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agricultural Turkana in northern Kenya, and of 174.9 cm (5 ft 8.9 in) and 53.0 kg (116.8 lb; 8 st 4.8 lb) in pastoral Turkana. A height of 172.7 cm (5 ft 8.0 in) was seen for Maasai in southern Kenya, with an extreme trunk/leg length ratio of 47.7.

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In terms of facial features, the nasal profile most common amongst Nilotic populations is broad, with characteristically high index values ranging from 86.9 to 92.0. Lower nasal indices are often found amongst Nilotes who inhabit the more southerly Great Lakes region, such as the Maasai, which is

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separated from the Nandi and the Kipsigis. This was during a famine known as Kemeutab Reresik, which means, famine of the bats. It is said that during this famine a bat brought blades of green grass which was taken as a sign of good omen signifying that famine could be averted through movement to

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By the 16th century, the most powerful group among the Nilotic speakers were the Cøllø, called Shilluk by Arabs and Europeans, who spread east to the banks of the white Nile under the legendary leadership of Nyikang, who is said to have ruled Läg Cøllø c from around 1490 to 1517. The Cøllø gained

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in Sudan. There they established an economy based on cattle raising, cereal farming, and fishing, with small villages located along the length of the river. The Cøllø developed an intensive system of agriculture. The Cøllø lands in the 17th century had a population density similar to that of the

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For various reasons, slow and multigenerational migrations of Nilotic Luo peoples occurred from South Sudan into Uganda and western Kenya from at least 1000 AD, and continuing until the early 20th century. Oral history and genealogical evidence have been used to estimate timelines of Luo

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Additionally, the Nilotic groups presently inhabiting the African Great Lakes region are sometimes smaller in stature than those residing in the Sudan region. Measurements of 172.0 cm (5 ft 7.7 in) and 53.6 kg (118 lb; 8 st 6 lb) were found in a sample of

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Starting in the mid-19th century, European anthropologists and later Kenyan historians have been interested in the origins of human migration from various parts of Africa into East Africa. One of the more notable broad-based theories emanating from these studies includes the

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The Y-DNA of populations in the Sudan region were studied, with various local Nilotic groups included for comparison. The signature Nilotic A and B clades were the most common paternal lineages amongst the Nilo-Saharan speakers, except those inhabiting

1294:. The authors also found that certain Nilotic populations in the eastern Great Lakes region, such as the Maasai, showed some additional Afro-Asiatic affinities due to repeated assimilation of Cushitic-speaking peoples over the past 5000 or so years. 1314:

In 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations, results indicated a high degree of mixed ancestry reflecting migration events. In East Africa, all population groups examined had elements of Nilotic,

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populations that surround them. This indicates a high degree of admixture occurred during the southward migration of southern Luo. Kalenjin groups and Maasai groups were found to have less Bantu ancestry, but significant Cushitic ancestry.

2698: 1105:, the patron goddess of gardening and all women, represented by a snake. Garang, another deity, is believed or assumed by some Dinka to be a god suppressed by Deng. His spirits can cause most Dinka women, and some men, to scream. The term 888:

Apparently, spatial core areas existed to which people moved and concentrated over the centuries, and in the process evolved into the individual Kalenjin communities known today by adopting migrants and assimilating original inhabitants.

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ancestry amongst others to varying degrees. By and large, genetic clusters were consistent with linguistic classification with notable exceptions including the Luo of Kenya. Despite being Nilo-Saharan speakers, the Luo cluster with the

974:... The Kalenjin originated from a country in the north known as Emet ab Burgei, which means, the warm country. The people are said to have traveled southwards passing through Mount Elgon or Tulwet ab Kony in Kalenjin. The 669:

Nilotic people practised a mixed economy of cattle pastoralism, fishing, and seed cultivation. Some of the earliest archaeological findings on record, that describe a similar culture to this from the same region, are found at

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Geographical barriers protected the southerners from Islam's advance, enabling them to retain their social and cultural heritage and their political and religious institutions. The Dinka people were especially secure in the

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against the Funj, but the capitulation of Takali ended the war in the Funj's favour. In the later 17th century, the Cøllø and Funj allied against the Dinka, who rose to power in the border area between the Funj and Cøllø.

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study by Wood et al. (2005) tested various populations in Africa for paternal lineages, including 26 Maasai and 9 Luo from Kenya, and 9 Alur from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The signature Nilotic paternal marker

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study examined the maternal ancestry of various Nilotic populations in Kenya, with Turkana, Samburu, Maasai, and Luo individuals sampled. The mtDNA of almost all of the tested Nilotes belonged to various sub-Saharan

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Nilotic and Nilote are now mainly used to refer to the various disparate people who speak languages in the same Nilotic language family. Etymologically, the terms Nilotic and Nilote (singular nilot) derive from the

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marshlands, which protected them from outside interference, and allowed them to remain secure without a large armed forces. The Shilluk, Azande, and Bari people had more regular conflicts with neighbouring states

1202:. Haplogroup B was found in 50% of Nuer, 26.7% of Shilluk, 23% of Dinka, 14.3% of Nuba, 3.1% of Fur, and 3.1% of Masalit. The E1b1b clade was also observed in 71.9% of the Masalit, 59.4% of the Fur, 39.3% of the 1174:

has been observed at overall frequencies around 11% among Nilo-Saharan-speaking groups in the Great Lakes area, with this influence concentrated among the Maasai (50%). This is indicative of substantial historic

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displays a similar manner of occupation of the Nandi territory. The Kalenjin clans who moved into and occupied the Nandi area, thus becoming the Nandi tribe, came from a wide array of Kalenjin-speaking areas.

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Hassan, Hisham Y.; Underhill, Peter A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L.; Muntaser, E. Ibrahim (2008). "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History".

855:. The same period had the gradual collapse of the Funj sultanate, leaving the Cøllø in complete control of the White Nile and its trade routes. The Cøllø military power was based on control of the river. 970:) as their original point of settlement in Kenya. This point of origin appears as a central theme in most narratives recorded after the colonial period. One of the more famous accounts states: 658:

about 15 thousand years ago. The original locus of the early Nilotic speakers was presumably east of the Nile in what is now South Sudan. The Proto-Nilotes of the third millennium BC were

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are said to have lived as a united group for a long time but eventually were forced to separate due to antagonistic environmental factors. Some of these were droughts and invasion of the

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communities that participated in this expansion eventually reached western Kenya between 1000 and 500 BC. Their arrival occurred shortly before the introduction of iron to East Africa.

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in Northern Sudan and Southern Egypt are an admixed group that started off as a population closely related to Nilotic people. This population later received significant gene flow from

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Cøllø traditions tell of Rädh Odak Ocollo who ruled around 1630 and led them in a three-decade war with Sennar over control of the White Nile trade routes. The Cøllø allied with the

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were the first and largest wave of migrants into northern Nyanza. These migrants settled at a place called Ramogi Hill, then expanded around northern Nyanza. The people of Owiny' (

405:– Spoken by Nilotic populations in South Sudan, Sudan, northeastern Congo (DRC), northern Uganda, southwestern Kenya, northern Tanzania, and southwestern Ethiopia, it includes the 1217:

of the Sahara around 6,000–8,000 years ago". Similarly, Afro-Asiatic influence was seen in the Nilotic Datog of northern Tanzania, 43% of whom carried the M293 subclade of E1b1b.

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Unlike the paternal DNA of Nilotes, the maternal lineages of Nilotes in general show low-to-negligible amounts of Afro-Asiatic and other extraneous influences. An

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unity, is assumed to have emerged by the third millennium BC. The development of the proto-Nilotes as a group may have been connected with their domestication of

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Most Nilotes continue to practice pastoralism, migrating on a seasonal basis with their herds of livestock. Some tribes are also known for a tradition of

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Language evidence indicates an initial southward expansion out of the Nilotic nursery into far southern Sudan beginning in the second millennium BC, the

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speakers of West and Central Africa. Both groups are inferred to have diverged from a common ancestor around 28,000 years ago, perhaps somewhere in the

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Rilly, Claude (2016). "The Wadi Howar Diaspora and its role in the spread of East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE".

2459: 714:. These studies suggest that populations closely related to Nilotic people long inhabited the Nile Valley as far as southern Egypt in antiquity. 759:

Linguistic evidence shows that over time, Nilotic speakers, such as the Nuer, Dinka, Shilluk, and Luo, took over. These groups spread from the

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and other East African populations. Nubians are considered to be descendants of the early inhabitants of the Nile valley who later formed the

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Gomes, V; Sánchez-Diz, P; Amorim, A; Carracedo, A; Gusmão, L (March 2010). "Digging deeper into East African human Y chromosome lineages".

1265:. Low levels of maternal gene flow from North Africa and the Horn of Africa were observed in a few groups, mainly by the presence of mtDNA 3183: 3339: 3211: 2421: 2362: 2332: 1354:

ratio of 181.9 cm (5 ft 11.6 in) and 58.0 kg (127.9 lb; 9 st 1.9 lb), with an extremely ectomorphic

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is another characteristically Nilotic paternal marker. It was found in 22% of Luo samples, 8% of Maasai, and 50% of Nuer peoples. The

2756: 2557: 2534: 2402: 2383: 2203: 2178: 2153: 2128: 3094:. Vol. V: Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 89–103. 2587: 3508: 1302:. Most Nilotic peoples have predominant to exclusive West/East African ancestry, although some groups display varying degrees of 1054: 535: 146: 3493: 3071: 2944: 1071:

Through lengthy interaction with neighbouring peoples, the Nilotes in East Africa have adopted many customs and practices from

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cattle raising had been present since 3000 BCE, and the Nilotic culture in that area may thus be continuous to that date.

2460:"Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa" 650:. The Eastern Sudanic unity must have been considerably earlier still, perhaps around the fifth millennium BC. The proposed 3114: 465:

Nilotic people constitute the bulk of the population of South Sudan. The largest of the Sudanese Nilotic peoples are the

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Marshall, Fiona; Hildebrand, Elisabeth (2002). "Cattle Before Crops: The Beginnings of Food Production in Africa".

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Campbell, B.; Leslie, P.; Campbell, K. (2006). "Age-related Changes in Testosterone and SHBG among Turkana Males".

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from Cushitic-speaking males into these Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations. 67% of the Alur samples possessed the

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beginning among the Nilotic. These factors may explain how the Nilotic speakers expanded to dominate the region.

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Wood, Elizabeth T.; Stover, Daryn A.; Ehret, Christopher; Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Spedini, Gabriella (2005).

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Identity Strategies of the Argo-pastoral Pokot: Analyzing ethnicity and clanship within a spatial framework

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In terms of religious beliefs, Nilotes primarily adhere to traditional faiths, Christianity and Islam. The

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Haplogroup A was observed amongst 62% of Dinka, 53.3% of Shilluk, 46.4% of Nuba, 33.3% of Nuer, 31.3% of

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Tishkoff, Sarah A.; Reed, Floyd A.; Friedlaender, Françoise R.; Ehret, Christopher; et al. (2009).

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Cruciani, Fulvio; La Fratta, Roberta; Santolamazza, Piero; Sellitto, Daniele; et al. (May 2004).

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settled around the slopes of the mountain while the others travelled on in search of better land. The

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eastern, and northern sections. Even a section among the Tugen claims to have come from Mount Kenya.

375:– Spoken by Nilotic populations in western Kenya, northern Tanzania, and eastern Uganda, it includes 2324: 3488: 3081: 2062:"African genetic diversity provides novel insights into evolutionary history and local adaptations" 1209:

The atypically high frequencies of the haplogroup in the Masalit was attributed to either a recent

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academic.oup.com; Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 27, Issue R2, 01 August 2018, Pages R209–R218,

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observations of the supposed distinct body morphology of many Nilotic speakers. Twentieth-century

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Several historical narratives from the various Kalenjin subtribes point to Tulwetab/Tulwop Kony (

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Mercer, Patricia (1971). "Shilluk Trade and Politics from the Mid-Seventeenth Century to 1861".

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Castrì, Loredana; Garagnani, Paolo; Useli, Antonella; Pettener, Davide; Luisell, Donata (2008).

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settled on the northern side of Mount Elgon and later spread to areas north of Lake Baringo. At

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One theory is that pressure from the Cøllø drove the Funj people north, who would establish the

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Hollfelder, Nina; Schlebusch, Carina M.; Günther, Torsten; Babiker, Hiba; et al. (2017).

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Ananyo Choudhury, Shaun Aron, Dhriti Sengupta, Scott Hazelhurst, Michèle Ramsay (8 May 2018).

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A miscellaneous group composed of the Suba, Sakwa, Asembo, Uyoma, and Kano then followed. The

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The terms "Nilotic" and "Nilote"' were previously used as racial subclassifications, based on

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Onywera, Vincent O.; Scott, Robert A.; Boit, Michael K.; Pitsiladis, Yannis P. (April 2006).

3085: 3061: 2548:. Classics in African Anthropology. International African Institute (2nd ed.). Hamburg: 2527:

An African Classical Age: Eastern & Southern Africa in World History 1000 B.C. to A.D.400

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expansion into and within Kenya and Tanzania. Four major waves of migrations into the former

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Henn, Brenna M.; Gignoux, Christopher; Lin, Alice A.; Oefner, Peter J.; et al. (2008).

2672: 2634: 2481: 2473: 2444: 2295: 1316: 1113: 991: 748: 619: 395: 380: 341: 328:– Spoken by Nilotic populations in southwestern Ethiopia, eastern South Sudan, northeastern 2586:. Studies in African Archaeology. Vol. 9. Poznan Archaeological Museum. Archived from 2005: 2003: 2001: 922:

originally were Bantu-speaking people who assimilated into Luo culture. They fled from the

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The Plain Nilotes speak Maa languages and include the Maasai, Samburu, and Turkana peoples

418: 391: 361: 345: 182: 162: 3408: 1621: 1619: 3376: 2711: 3393: 3358: 2794: 2767: 2730: 2694:"Y-chromosomal evidence of a pastoralist migration through Tanzania to southern Africa" 2693: 2486: 1434: 1414: 1199: 1087: 1065: 935: 546: 497: 474: 406: 351: 268: 248: 190: 178: 89: 3234: 2546:

African worlds: studies in the cosmological ideas and social values of African peoples

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Krzyzaniak, Lech (1978). "New Light on Early Food-Production in the Central Sudan".

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The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000

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admixture, mostly mediated indirectly through pastoralists from the Horn of Africa.

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lineages in about 12.5% of the Maasai and 7% of the Samburu samples, respectively.

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Mount Elgon, referred by Kalenjin as Tulwop Kony, a common Kalenjin point of origin

947: 931: 813: 801: 764: 737: 659: 651: 585: 581: 569: 565: 521: 517: 513: 505: 466: 264: 240: 202: 194: 1498: 1496: 1494: 868:. The main tools of study have been linguistics, archaeology and oral traditions. 232:. They make up a notable part of the population of southwestern Ethiopia as well. 3204:

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

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From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa

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From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa

1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1337: 1161: 1008: 967: 741: 733: 723: 501: 489: 481: 470: 297: 277: 217: 198: 174: 166: 126: 118: 53: 3296: 3163: 2996: 2967: 2910: 2638: 2549: 1429: 1195: 943: 469:, who have as many as 25 ethnic subdivisions. The next-largest groups are the 220:, an area that is believed to be their original point of dispersal. After the 2830: 3432: 3415: 3384: 3263: 2720: 2567: 1176: 821: 647: 527:

In East Africa, the Nilotes are often subdivided into three general groups:

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and its tributaries, where most Sudanese Nilo-Saharan-speaking people live.

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History of the Southern Luo: Volume I, Migration and Settlement, 1500–1900

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The Cøllø political structure gradually centralized under the a king or

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The kingdoms of the Funj, Cøllø (pronounced "Chollo"), Tegali, and Fur,

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marshlands, where archaeological evidence shows that a culture based on

3128:. Nairobi, Kenya: East African Educational Publishers. pp. 60–62. 2676: 2299: 1144: 1095: 1076: 1049: 852: 707: 703: 233: 154: 3004: 2577:"The faunal remains of the Early Neolithic site Kadero, Central Sudan" 2449: 2432: 926:

in Uganda after the civil strife that followed the murder of the 24th

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Krzyzaniak, Lech (1976). "The Archaeological Site of Kadero, Sudan".

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Forde, Cyril Daryll; James, Wendy (1999). Forde, Cyril Daryll (ed.).

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Collection of ethnic groups indigenous to Nile Valley in East Africa

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who despite speaking a mixture of Luo words, have Atekere origins,

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A proto-Nilotic unity, separate from an earlier undifferentiated

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Linguistically, Nilotic people are divided into three subgroups:

1684: 1682: 1473:"Nilot | History, Culture & Language | Britannica" 1206:, 20% of the Shilluk, 16.7% of the Nuer, and 15% of the Dinka. 1203: 1117: 1102: 1037: 760: 3145:"Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners" 1977: 3250:

Roberts, D. F.; Bainbridge, D. R. (1963). "Nilotic physique".

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Human Adaptability: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology

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A Nubian head from the New Kingdom period of Ancient Egypt,

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in Kenya are discernible starting with the people of Jok (

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Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East

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Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East

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The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 3: Endemic Hunger

1514: 1191:. There, a prominent North African influence was noted. 812:. The Dinka remained in the Sudd area, maintaining their 541:

The Highland Nilotes are subdivided into two groups, the

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The Nilotes constitute the majority of the population in

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

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The Nandi of Kenya: tribal control in a pastoral society

2433:"Toponymic Strata in Ancient Nubia until the Common Era" 901:), which is estimated to have begun around 1490–1517. 2245: 800:

control of the west bank of the river as far north as

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obtained new breeds of humpless cattle. Archaeologist

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Genetic and linguistic studies have demonstrated that

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Women, Power, and Economic Change: The Nandi of Kenya

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greener pastures. The Tugen moved and settled around

354:-Kuku-Kakwa-Pojulu-Mundari-Nyangwara-Nyepo and others 236:

peoples numbered 7 million in the late 20th century.

2021: 1898: 3312:Saltin, Bengt. "The Kenya project – Final report". 79: 67: 47: 3031:. Washington, DC: GPO for the Library of Congress. 2932:Divinity and Experience: The Religion of the Dinka 2171:The Nilotes of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Uganda 1586: 1345:is one of many prominent Nilotic distance runners. 851:1690 to 1710 and established the Cøllø capital of 538:(Kenyan Luo), who are part of the larger Luo group 2863:. East Africa Educational Publishers. p. 64. 2218: 3332:International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties 1862: 2378:. University of California Press. p. 234. 1724: 1381:ethnic group and 79% spoke a Nilotic language. 1341:Cross-country world champion and record holder 3448:Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies 3350:"South Sudan horror at deadly cattle vendetta" 2397:. University of California Press. p. 31. 1160:was observed in 27% of the Maasai, 22% of the 30:"Nilotic" redirects here. For other uses, see 2194:Sen, Amartya; Drèze, Jean (17 October 1991). 1748: 272:making use of data from population genetics. 8: 2414:The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective 2121:Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction 1396: 189:also known as the Karamojong or Karimojong, 42: 2529:. University Press of Virginia. p. 7. 1787: 1673: 1459: 946:of Lake Victoria from northern Nyanza into 2861:The Marakwet of Kenya: A preliminary study 2811:Huntingford, George Wynn Brereton (1953). 1700: 1688: 1610: 1574: 859:Southern Nilotic settlement in East Africa 594:and small clusters of other Datog speakers 41: 3431: 3392: 3325:. Vol. 1. Infobase Publishing. 2009. 3252:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3066:. Stanford University Press. p. 17. 2793: 2783: 2751:. Scribners. pp. 142–143 & 147. 2729: 2719: 2665:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2520:. Vol. 1. Infobase Publishing. 2009. 2485: 2448: 2416:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 9–10. 2104:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1946: 1934: 1922: 2584:Archaeology of Early Northeastern Africa 2233: 2169:Butt Colson, Audrey (9 September 2021). 1874: 1799: 1775: 1232:women trekking through the Kenya outback 1109:refers to a group of ancestral spirits. 1094:of deities. The Supreme, Creator God is 666:peoples, were mostly agriculturalists. 239:The Nilotic peoples primarily adhere to 1910: 1886: 1598: 1389: 930:in the mid-18th century and settled in 702:and the medieval Christian kingdoms of 169:also known as Iteso or people of Teso, 2859:Kipkorir, B.E; Welbourn, F.B. (1973). 2815:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2093: 2092: 2081: 1712: 1649: 1538: 480:Nilotic people in Uganda includes the 251:. Some Nilotic peoples also adhere to 3125:Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies 1736: 1661: 1637: 1550: 7: 3281:"Prehistory in the Upper Nile Basin" 3206:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 3122:Okoth, Assa; Ndaloh, Agumba (2006). 2246:Campbell, Leslie & Campbell 2006 1850: 1838: 1823: 1811: 1562: 1526: 1485: 950:starting in the early 17th century. 915:) followed soon after (1598-1625). 775:notes that the period also shows an 48:Regions with significant populations 3334:. Anmol Publications. p. 659. 3113:. Peoples of East Africa. Nairobi: 2437:Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies 2333:Journal of Anthropological Sciences 1764:Gen Hist Africa: vol. V chap 7 1999 1362:attributed to genetic differences. 662:, while their neighbors, the proto- 534:The River Lake Nilotes include the 3420:European Journal of Human Genetics 2465:American Journal of Human Genetics 2372:Clark, J.D.; Brandt, S.A. (1984). 2068:https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy161 1011:while the Kipsigis and the Lembus 25: 3235:10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000010 3086:"Chapter 7: The Sudan, 1500–1800" 2288:American Journal of Human Biology 2119:Lewin, Roger (18 February 2009). 590:Datog: represented mainly by the 3461: 2173:. Creative Media Partners, LLC. 740:) amongst Nilotic supporters in 340:, it includes languages such as 147:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2355:Oral Literature of the Kalenjin 2258:New Studies In Athletics, vol.2 2144:Moran, Emilio F. (9 May 2022). 1350:to shed heat more efficiently. 1079:system of social organization, 1075:groups. The latter include the 288:Ethnic and linguistic divisions 3316:. Vol. 2. pp. 15–24. 3202:Reich, David (27 March 2018). 2844:. Cambridge University Press. 2357:. Heinmann Kenya. p. 29. 1587:Marshall & Hildebrand 2002 942:islands. Luo speakers crossed 820:quickly raid outside areas by 145:, the northern border area of 1: 3115:East African Publishing House 3060:Oboler, Regina Smith (1985). 2511:. Universiteit Van Amsterdam. 2236:, pp. 142–143 & 147. 2219:Roberts & Bainbridge 1963 1515:Encyclopædia Britannica:Nilot 1369:Many Nilotic groups excel in 3499:Ethnic groups in South Sudan 3352:. BBC News. 12 January 2012. 2785:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976 2393:Clark, John Desmond (1984). 1863:Kipkorir & Welbourn 1973 3330:Singh, Nagendra K. (2002). 2956:Journal of World Prehistory 2525:Ehret, Christopher (1998). 2412:Collins, Robert O. (2006). 911:) and the people of Omolo ( 3525: 3285:Journal of African History 3279:Robertshaw, Peter (1987). 3152:Journal of Sports Sciences 3109:Ogot, Bethwell A. (1967). 2985:Journal of African History 2899:Journal of African History 2575:Gautier, Achilles (2006). 1326:Niger-Kordofanian-speaking 1127: 1116:, the chief God is called 721: 609: 440: 314: 308: 29: 3504:Ethnic groups in Tanzania 3297:10.1017/S002185370002973X 3164:10.1080/02640410500189033 3091:General History of Africa 2997:10.1017/S0021853700010859 2911:10.1017/S0021853700027572 2639:10.1007/s00439-010-0808-5 1899:BBC: cattle vendetta 2012 1130:Genetic history of Africa 880:The Nandi account on the 755:Expansion out of the Sudd 84: 72: 52: 3314:New Studies In Athletics 2148:. Taylor & Francis. 1083:, and vocabulary terms. 954:Post-colonial traditions 654:unity would date to the 32:Nilotic (disambiguation) 3509:Ethnic groups in Uganda 3433:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408 3385:10.1126/science.1172257 3264:10.1002/ajpa.1330210309 3041:Encyclopædia Britannica 2968:10.1023/A:1019954903395 2937:Oxford University Press 2747:Hiernaux, Jean (1975). 2721:10.1073/pnas.0801184105 2431:Cooper, Julien (2017). 2024:, pp. 10693–10698. 1674:Clark & Brandt 1984 1460:Okoth & Ndaloh 2006 1375:middle-distance running 3494:Ethnic groups in Kenya 3029:Sudan: A Country Study 2610:. UCLA Social Sciences 2507:De Vries, Kim (2007). 1701:Forde & James 1999 1626:Hollfelder et al. 2017 1346: 1233: 1164:, and 11% of the Luo. 1148: 1061: 1033: 963: 796: 744: 639: 612:History of South Sudan 462: 306: 163:Burun-speaking peoples 161:. Among these are the 2606:Gillies, Eva (n.d.). 2123:. Wiley. p. 69. 1995:, pp. 1014–1022. 1340: 1288:Afro-Asiatic speakers 1245:subclades, including 1228: 1211:population bottleneck 1142: 1052: 972: 961: 805:Egyptian Nile lands. 790: 731: 674:, 48 m north of 633: 610:Further information: 450: 317:Paranilotic languages 315:Further information: 300: 3470:at Wikimedia Commons 3025:"Non-Muslim Peoples" 2870:Current Anthropology 2838:Kidd, Colin (2006). 2749:The People of Africa 2353:Chesaina, C (1991). 1993:Cruciani et al. 2004 1725:EOPAME: Shilluk 2009 1628:, pp. e1006976. 1503:Tishkoff et al. 2009 1292:Niger-Congo speakers 1045:Culture and religion 280:; specifically, the 211:Maa-speaking peoples 3377:2009Sci...324.1035T 3189:on 11 November 2020 2712:2008PNAS..10510693H 2706:(31): 10693–10698. 2502:on 12 January 2013. 2270:Onywera et al. 2006 2221:, pp. 341–370. 2198:. Clarendon Press. 2012:, pp. 316–323. 1968:, pp. 867–876. 1841:, pp. 144–154. 1691:, pp. 177–189. 1613:, pp. 159–172. 1505:, pp. 1035–44. 1430:"Karamojong people" 1418:. 18 February 2024. 882:settlement of Nandi 835:and the Kingdom of 833:Sultanate of Darfur 810:Sultanate of Sennar 624:History of Tanzania 226:African Great Lakes 58:African Great Lakes 44: 3409:Supplementary Data 3021:Metz, Helen Chapin 2927:Lienhardt, Godfrey 2677:10.1002/ajpa.20876 2300:10.1002/ajhb.20468 2036:, pp. 189–92. 2034:Castrì et al. 2008 2010:Hassan et al. 2008 1980:, pp. 603–13. 1766:, pp. 89–103. 1749:EOPAME: Dinka 2009 1589:, pp. 99–143. 1347: 1310:Admixture analysis 1243:macro-haplogroup L 1234: 1149: 1062: 964: 797: 745: 640: 473:, followed by the 463: 307: 245:traditional faiths 228:region around the 86:Traditional faiths 3466:Media related to 3371:(5930): 1035–44. 3135:978-9966-25-450-4 3101:978-0-520-06700-4 2822:978-0-203-71516-1 2450:10.5070/d64110028 2260:, pp. 15–24. 2248:, pp. 71–82. 2091:External link in 1978:Gomes et al. 2010 1814:, pp. 41–43. 1565:, pp. 40–42. 1462:, pp. 60–62. 1397:AHD: Nilotic 2020 1101:Deng's mother is 1073:Southern Cushitic 1031:from Uasin Gishu. 928:Kabaka of Buganda 694:, which included 656:Upper Paleolithic 616:History of Uganda 311:Nilotic languages 303:Nilotic languages 269:social scientists 230:East African Rift 187:Karamojong people 123:Nilotic languages 107: 106: 94:Kalenjin folklore 74:Nilotic languages 16:(Redirected from 3516: 3465: 3445: 3435: 3406: 3396: 3353: 3345: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3275: 3246: 3223:Faits de Langues 3217: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3182:. Archived from 3149: 3139: 3118: 3105: 3077: 3056: 3044: 3032: 3016: 2979: 2950: 2922: 2893: 2864: 2855: 2851:978-0521-79729-0 2834: 2807: 2797: 2787: 2762: 2743: 2733: 2723: 2688: 2658: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2592: 2581: 2571: 2540: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2498:. Archived from 2489: 2472:(5): 1014–1022. 2454: 2452: 2427: 2408: 2389: 2368: 2349: 2329: 2319: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2087: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2022:Henn et al. 2008 2019: 2013: 2007: 1996: 1990: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1966:Wood et al. 2005 1963: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1913:, pp. 9–10. 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1788:Huntingford 1953 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1635: 1629: 1623: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1440: 1439: 1438:. 15 March 2024. 1426: 1420: 1419: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1358:of 1.6–3.5–6.2. 1172:E1b1b haplogroup 1114:Lotuko mythology 992:Cherangani Hills 934:, especially at 749:Southern Nilotic 620:History of Kenya 424:Dinka–Nuer-Atwot 373:Southern Nilotic 247:, including the 183:Kalenjin peoples 45: 21: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3484:Nilotic peoples 3474: 3473: 3468:Nilotic peoples 3458: 3453: 3413: 3356: 3348: 3342: 3341:978-812610403-1 3329: 3320: 3311: 3278: 3249: 3220: 3214: 3213:978-110187032-7 3201: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3147: 3142: 3136: 3121: 3108: 3102: 3080: 3074: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3019: 2982: 2953: 2947: 2925: 2896: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2837: 2823: 2810: 2778:(8): e1006976. 2765: 2759: 2746: 2691: 2661: 2622: 2613: 2611: 2605: 2596: 2594: 2593:on 19 July 2020 2590: 2579: 2574: 2560: 2543: 2537: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2457: 2430: 2424: 2423:978-141280585-8 2411: 2405: 2392: 2386: 2371: 2365: 2364:978-996646891-8 2352: 2327: 2322: 2285: 2281: 2279:Further reading 2276: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2090: 2080: 2073: 2071: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2008: 1999: 1991: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1837: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1689:Robertshaw 1987 1687: 1680: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1624: 1617: 1611:Krzyzaniak 1978 1609: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1575:Krzyzaniak 1976 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1492: 1484: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1458: 1443: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1343:Lornah Kiplagat 1335: 1312: 1279: 1223: 1215:desertification 1198:, and 18.8% of 1158:Haplogroup A3b2 1143:Nilotic men in 1137: 1132: 1126: 1047: 956: 924:Buganda Kingdom 895:Nyanza province 874: 872:Oral traditions 866:Bantu expansion 861: 785: 757: 726: 720: 718:Early expansion 692:Kingdom of Kush 664:Central Sudanic 644:Eastern Sudanic 626: 608: 603: 445: 439: 430:Burun languages 419:Burun languages 403:Western Nilotic 336:, and northern 326:Eastern Nilotic 319: 313: 295: 290: 265:anthropological 261: 125:. They inhabit 111:Nilotic peoples 60:, southwestern 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3522: 3520: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3457: 3456:External links 3454: 3452: 3451: 3426:(7): 867–876. 3411: 3354: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3318: 3309: 3291:(2): 177–189. 3276: 3258:(3): 341–370. 3247: 3229:(1): 151–163. 3218: 3212: 3199: 3158:(4): 415–422. 3140: 3134: 3119: 3106: 3100: 3084:, ed. (1999). 3078: 3072: 3057: 3045: 3033: 3023:, ed. (1991). 3017: 2991:(3): 407–426. 2980: 2951: 2945: 2923: 2905:(2): 159–172. 2894: 2882:10.1086/201823 2865: 2856: 2850: 2835: 2821: 2808: 2763: 2757: 2744: 2689: 2671:(3): 316–323. 2659: 2626:Human Genetics 2620: 2603: 2572: 2558: 2541: 2535: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2478:10.1086/386294 2455: 2428: 2422: 2409: 2403: 2390: 2384: 2369: 2363: 2350: 2320: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2272:, p. 415. 2262: 2250: 2238: 2223: 2211: 2204: 2186: 2179: 2161: 2154: 2136: 2129: 2111: 2094:|website= 2052: 2038: 2026: 2014: 1997: 1982: 1970: 1951: 1947:Lienhardt 1988 1939: 1937:, p. 104. 1935:Lienhardt 1988 1927: 1923:Lienhardt 1988 1915: 1903: 1891: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1853:, p. 212. 1843: 1828: 1826:, p. 144. 1816: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1753: 1741: 1739:, p. 659. 1729: 1717: 1715:, p. 410. 1705: 1693: 1678: 1676:, p. 234. 1666: 1654: 1642: 1630: 1615: 1603: 1591: 1579: 1577:, p. 762. 1567: 1555: 1543: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1490: 1478: 1464: 1441: 1435:britannica.com 1421: 1415:britannica.com 1401: 1388: 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1931: 1928: 1925:, p. 29. 1924: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1877:, p. 29. 1876: 1875:Chesaina 1991 1871: 1868: 1865:, p. 64. 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1802:, p. 48. 1801: 1800:De Vries 2007 1796: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1778:, p. 47. 1777: 1776:De Vries 2007 1772: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1553:, p. 31. 1552: 1547: 1544: 1541:, p. 17. 1540: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1410:"Teso people" 1405: 1402: 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The 944:Winam Gulf 722:See also: 552:Kalenjin: 510:Karamojong 456:Ngorongoro 441:See also: 417:, and the 332:, western 305:are spoken 282:Upper Nile 209:, and the 121:who speak 115:indigenous 3305:161548406 3243:134352296 3049:"Nilotic" 3013:154445649 2919:162767986 2890:144379335 2831:610251222 2597:4 January 2516:"Dinka". 1851:Ogot 1967 1839:Ogot 1967 1824:Ogot 1967 1812:Ogot 1967 1563:Ogot 1967 1527:Metz 1991 1486:Kidd 2006 1283:autosomal 1177:gene flow 1015:moved to 913:Jok'Omolo 909:Jok'Owiny 822:war canoe 816:economy. 648:livestock 293:Languages 68:Languages 3442:15856073 3403:19407144 3272:14159970 3180:16303504 3172:16492605 2976:19466568 2929:(1988). 2804:28837655 2740:18678889 2685:18618658 2655:23503728 2647:20213473 2608:"Azande" 2568:40683108 2496:15042509 2346:19934476 2316:23523262 2308:16378342 2084:cite web 1379:Kalenjin 1317:Cushitic 1124:Genetics 1092:pantheon 1021:Kipsigis 984:Marakwet 940:Mfangano 905:Joka Jok 899:Joka Jok 777:Iron Age 676:Khartoum 592:Barabaig 562:Marakwet 558:Kipsigis 545:and the 543:Kalenjin 460:Tanzania 387:Kalenjin 377:Kalenjin 338:Tanzania 159:Tanzania 135:Ethiopia 80:Religion 62:Ethiopia 3394:2947357 3373:Bibcode 3364:Science 3193:20 June 3037:"Nilot" 2795:5587336 2731:2504844 2708:Bibcode 2487:1181964 1200:Masalit 1145:Kapoeta 1112:In the 1096:Nhialic 1077:age set 936:Rusinga 853:Fashoda 783:Shilluk 708:Nobatia 704:Makuria 606:Origins 601:History 496:), the 475:Shilluk 454:men in 396:Datooga 342:Turkana 234:Nilotic 191:Datooga 155:Burundi 117:to the 43:Nilotes 3440: 3401: 3391: 3338: 3303: 3270: 3241: 3210: 3178: 3170: 3132: 3098: 3070: 3011: 3005:181041 3003: 2974: 2943: 2917: 2888: 2848: 2829: 2819: 2802: 2792: 2755: 2738: 2728: 2683: 2653: 2645: 2614:25 May 2566: 2556: 2533: 2494: 2484: 2420: 2401: 2382: 2361: 2344: 2314: 2306: 2202: 2177: 2152: 2127: 1261:, and 1090:has a 1029:Maasai 1017:Rongai 1002:, the 994:. 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