2942:
591:
721:, also known as "Anita", the descendant of an aristocratic and wealthy family from his birth city. She was a daughter of lawyer João Belisário Soares de Souza and of Ana Rachel Ribeiro de Castro, who was herself a daughter of the Viscount of Santa Rita, one of the richest men in northern Rio de Janeiro State. The marriage was a social scandal since the bride escaped her house to marry her poor and "mulatto" groom, despite his status as a promising young politician.
823:
758:
2555:
2281:
699:(dark skin color), Nilo Peçanha always hid his black origins, and to this day his descendants and family have denied that he was a mulatto. The official biography written by a relative Celso Peçanha does not mention his racial origins, but another later biography does so, thus some scholars express doubts. In any case, his origins were very humble: he used to claim that he had been raised on day-old bread and
45:
659:
2291:
650:
Nilo Peçanha was born to
Sebastião de Sousa Peçanha, a baker, and Joaquina Anália de Sá Freire, the descendant of a wealthy and noble family from northern Rio de Janeiro Province. He was one of seven siblings (five boys and two girls). His family lived in a state of poverty in the remote and poor
810:
and the idealistic adherents of a pure
Republican system that fought each other during the first decades of Brazilian Republic. He was renowned for anticipating all the movements of his adversaries and achieving good political outcomes even when the odds were not favorable.
1237:
PAIXÂO, Marcelo Jorge de Paula. Crítica da Razão
Culturalista: relações raciais e a construção das desigualdades sociais no Brasil. Tese de Doutorado em Sociologia. Rio de Janeiro:Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, abril de 2005. pp.
1143:
CAMPOS, Diego de Souza Araújo. Um Estudo sobre a
Escravidão em suas Relações com a Hierarquia Social: Heranças e Particularidades da Instituição Escravocrata. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Sociais. Rio de Janeiro: PUC-Rio, setembro de 2007. pp.
814:
During his presidency, Peçanha created the
Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry, as well as the Indian Protection Service (SPI) and inaugurated the first system of technical schools in Brazil. He also began a basic sanitation program in the
783:, was elected with the support of this political alliance, but Peçanha assumed the presidency through being his vice-president and friction between the state oligarchies intensified. His government was also marked by friction with
843:
In 1921 he was a leader of the
Republican Reaction Movement which had the goal of championing the politics of liberalism against those of the state oligarchies. His run for the presidency was supported by the state governments of
1441:
DUARTE, Rebeca
Oliveira. Nos Alicerces do Mundo: O dilema e a dialética na afirmação da identidade negra. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política. Recife: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, agosto de 2006; pág.
799:" (civilist campaign) against the Marshal Hermes da Fonseca, and attracted the opposition and discontent of the military. Federal intervention was required in the government of the Rio de Janeiro and
692:
mentioned his "mulatismo" in
Brazilian politics as the same that prevailed in Brazilian soccer. According to some scholars, his presidential photographs were touched up to whiten his dark skin.
1364:
1222:
CARNEIRO, Cleverson Ribas. Mendes
Fradique e seu Método Confuso: Sátira, Boemia e Reformismo Conservador. Tese de Doutorado em Letras. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2008. pp. 148
1436:
NASCIMENTO, Abdias; NASCIMENTO, Elisa Larkin. O negro e o
Congresso brasileiro. In: MUNANGA, Kabengele. (Org.) História do negro no Brasil. v.1 Brasília:Fundação Palmares, 2004
2327:
731:
Peçanha started his formal political career as an elected member of the first Republican Constituent Assembly in 1890. His political career advanced rapidly as a protégé of
3001:
3016:
2981:
676:
do Morro do Coco" (the half-breed from Morro do Coco district). In 1921, when he ran for the Presidency of Republic, letters falsely attributed to the other candidate
2976:
2591:
1711:
1488:
When asked one of his friends whether a certain Capitão-mor was a mulatto or not, he received the following reply: 'He was a mulatto once. But now he is not.'
1891:
2986:
1319:
2961:
860:
which insulted the military and the former president Marshal Hermes da Fonseca. Brazil was divided and despite the strong support, Peçanha was defeated by
876:
520:
2991:
3006:
1202:
767:
His presidential government had many political troubles and Nilo Peçanha proved himself a man of wit and courage. The balance of power of the Brazilian
1198:
LUSTOSA, Isabel. As Trapaças da Sorte: Ensaios de História Política e de História Cultural. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 314 pages, 2004. Reviewed by
856:, and also by a large part of the military. The campaign was fierce with mutual attacks and the famous case of letters falsely attributed to candidate
744:
2320:
2181:
1078:
178:
1400:
1970:
707:
2477:
836:. He gave up this post in 1917 to take up the position of Minister of Foreign Relations and during his rule Brazil declared war against the
1164:
1142:
865:
672:
and often ridiculed in the press for his skin color. During his youth, the local Campos dos Goytacazes social elite alluded to him as the "
2941:
819:
region. He fought the excesses of workers in the public service and the high government expenditures that caused the elevation of taxes.
2600:
2584:
624:
590:
230:
1440:
3011:
2558:
2313:
2236:
2056:
2001:
1803:
1770:
1704:
1293:
1609:
1259:
714:, where he earned his degree. As a student, he supported both the campaign to abolish slavery and the establishment of the Republic.
2191:
1960:
1475:
1448:
1420:
1350:
2095:
2390:
2085:
2027:
1928:
1902:
1879:
1842:
1025:
1287:
MARANHÂO, Tiago. Apolíneos e dionisíacos — o papel do futebol no pensamento de Gilberto Freyre a respeito do «povo brasileiro»,
2456:
2365:
2039:
2577:
1127:
2091:
1617:
784:
2996:
2284:
2206:
2158:
1832:
1760:
1697:
788:
2680:
1010:
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951:
2725:
2498:
2482:
2294:
2232:
2226:
2201:
2187:
2148:
2123:
2105:
2060:
1847:
1044:
995:
832:
At the end of his mandate, he returned to the Senate and two years later was again elected President (Governor) for the
426:
2780:
914:
2790:
2645:
2171:
1074:"Review of O Cardeal Leme, 1882-1942.; A vida de Nilo Pecanha., by Irmã Maria Regina do Santo Rosário & B. Tinoco"
929:
2216:
1764:
800:
2740:
2710:
1311:
680:
were published by the press and caused a political crisis because they insulted both the former president Marshal
2865:
2426:
2177:
1945:
1869:
1538:
735:, who became President in 1898. In 1903 he was successively elected Senator and then President (Governor) of the
1449:
Relatório de Desenvolvimento Humano – Racismo, Pobreza e Violência – Brasil 2005. Brasília: PNUD Brasil, pág. 28
2730:
2640:
2635:
2344:
2336:
2154:
2050:
2016:
1728:
1644:
902:
628:
579:
113:
78:
2825:
2795:
2755:
1221:
2840:
2810:
2775:
2720:
2700:
1199:
973:
958:
2845:
2625:
1107:
833:
736:
321:
1524:
944:
2920:
2915:
2805:
2745:
2630:
2066:
849:
499:
447:
325:
20:
1257:
Manoel Neto. Ninguém quer ser negro. Suplemento Cultural e Literário JP Guesa Errante, Ano III, Edição 82
2835:
2830:
2800:
1883:
1342:
1087:
652:
638:
Despite controversies involving his racial identity, Peçanha is frequently considered as Brazil's first
495:
2715:
806:
Peçanha was a man of sharp political wit who carved a practical and non-doctrinaire course between the
2860:
2815:
2670:
2660:
2971:
2966:
2910:
2855:
2850:
2705:
2615:
2467:
1997:
1913:
1887:
1397:
776:
750:
Pena died in 1909 while still in office and Peçanha assumed the presidency promising a government of
706:
After finishing his primary studies in his home city, Peçanha went on to study at the Law Schools of
531:
2870:
2765:
2695:
2665:
1416:
Muniz Sodré, journalist, writer and professor of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). In:
1236:
2760:
2750:
2735:
2685:
2370:
1956:
1720:
1671:
1128:
ANDRADE, Manuel Correia de. A Civilização Açucareira. Recife:Biblioteca On-line do SEBRAE-PE. pp. 3
620:
611:
59:
2785:
739:, remaining in the latter position until 1906, when he was elected vice-president under President
2770:
1754:
1739:
1099:
816:
2690:
2534:
2405:
2111:
1838:
1822:
1418:
Fabio Gomes. Muniz Sodré e a Cultura do Sentir. Brasileirinho, a sua página de Música Brasileira
1172:
822:
768:
223:
2930:
2905:
2900:
2650:
2620:
2385:
2261:
1966:
1923:
1897:
1797:
1791:
1681:
1654:
1543:
1356:
1346:
1334:
845:
711:
681:
304:
199:
156:
106:
2569:
1252:
NETO, Manoel. O Negro no Maranhão. São Luís: Clara Comunicação e Editora Ltda. 2004, p.73-79
2895:
2820:
2487:
2355:
2007:
1934:
1853:
1748:
1500:
1462:
1392:
Dagoberto José Fonseca, anthropology professor of Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) of
1091:
880:
718:
616:
543:
1286:
2539:
2360:
1828:
1621:
1424:
1404:
1297:
1263:
1256:
1206:
861:
857:
757:
689:
677:
2524:
2446:
2022:
1417:
211:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2509:
2400:
2395:
2222:
2197:
2144:
2134:
2101:
1813:
1470:
872:
837:
754:(Peace and Love). He was 41 years old, the youngest Brazilian president up until then.
639:
516:
2955:
2925:
2514:
2441:
2167:
1979:
1381:
President Nilo Peçonha's African heritage was often parodied in political cartoons.
44:
2890:
2529:
2519:
2472:
2415:
2212:
2075:
1376:
772:
732:
1614:
2436:
2375:
1991:
1776:
1664:
1637:
792:
780:
740:
658:
632:
144:
94:
2410:
1985:
1393:
853:
807:
673:
574:
32:
1610:
O governo Nilo Peçanha no sítio oficial da Presidência da República do Brasil
1360:
2305:
2265:
655:, and moved to the downtown area when Peçanha started elementary education.
631:
in 1906. He assumed the presidency in 1909 following the death of President
883:, later served as the acting Governor of Rio de Janeiro from 1961 to 1962.
700:
771:(Old Republic) was a compromise of the governing elites of the states of
1339:
The Tribute of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, and Nation in Brazil, 1864–1945
1689:
1103:
685:
669:
1095:
1073:
1111:
821:
756:
657:
1525:
Galeria de Presidentes do Período da República Velha (1889–1930)
2573:
2309:
1693:
684:
and also Peçanha, another former president, claiming he was a
1398:
Painéis resgatam negros ilustres, 'branqueados' pela história
1314:[Nilo Peçanha: the first black president of Brazil].
1167:[The Great Ladies of Rio Negro in the Old Republic].
840:
in World War I. In 1918, he was again elected to the Senate.
1200:
Adelto Gonçalves. Elite "branca" no Brasil. Storm Magazine
724:
He worked as a lawyer and a university teacher in the
703:(a candy made with peanuts, cassava flour and sugar).
1312:"Nilo Peçanha: o primeiro presidente negro do Brasil"
1138:
1136:
2497:
2455:
2425:
2343:
2122:
2038:
1944:
1912:
1868:
1727:
585:
573:
565:
537:
527:
506:
482:
477:
443:
424:
414:
404:
383:
373:
352:
342:
320:
310:
298:
288:
267:
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229:
217:
205:
195:
177:
150:
138:
130:
112:
100:
88:
76:
58:
30:
1165:"As Grandes Damas do Rio Negro na República Velha"
615:; 2 October 1867 – 31 March 1924) was a Brazilian
1110:from the original on 21 August 2024 – via
795:started a run for the presidency promoting the "
1539:"Morre o ex-governador campista Celso Peçanha"
1501:"República Velha (1889–1930) - Senado Federal"
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
2585:
2321:
1705:
1291:Análise Social, vol. XLI (179), 2006, pp. 441
8:
1123:
1121:
787:, the most powerful political leader of the
726:Faculdade Livre de Direito do Rio de Janeiro
439:18 November 1890 – 30 December 1902
1021:
969:
940:
898:
879:, retired from political life. His nephew,
743:. As Vice President, he also served as the
284:31 December 1903 – 1 November 1906
19:For the municipality in Bahia, Brazil, see
2592:
2578:
2570:
2328:
2314:
2306:
2290:
1712:
1698:
1690:
1626:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1217:
1215:
1163:Vasconcellos, Francisco de (20 May 2001).
163:
43:
27:
3002:Presidents of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
1194:
1192:
1190:
1171:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
1463:"Brazil: Land of Harmony For all Races?"
1274:
1272:
1232:
1230:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
890:
663:Nilo Peçanha at home in an amateur photo
126:15 November 1906 – 14 June 1909
72:14 June 1909 – 15 November 1910
3017:Candidates for Vice President of Brazil
2982:Federal University of Pernambuco alumni
1578:, Editora Civilização Brasileira, 1969.
1333:Beattie, Peter M. (26 September 2001).
1310:Santos, Amando dos (22 February 2021).
1079:The Hispanic American Historical Review
1055:
719:Ana de Castro Belisário Soares de Sousa
695:Some scholars assert that, despite his
668:He was frequently described as being a
2977:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
1615:Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional em 1910
1583:Nilo Peçanha – 7º Presidente do Brasil
1478:from the original on 22 September 2020
1322:from the original on 22 February 2021.
1248:
1246:
864:, the pro-government candidate in the
400:3 May 1903 – 29 December 1903
369:3 May 1912 – 31 December 1914
243:31 December 1914 – 7 May 1917
191:7 May 1917 – 15 November 1918
1576:Nilo Peçanha e a Revolução Brasileira
610:
16:President of Brazil from 1909 to 1910
7:
627:(1903–1906), then elected the fifth
2987:Governors of Rio de Janeiro (state)
2681:Francisco Xavier da Silva Guimarães
1367:from the original on 21 August 2024
1278:FREYRE, Gilberto. Football mulato,
1011:José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior
981:Esmeraldino Olímpio Torres Bandeira
952:Carlos Eugênio de Andrade Guimarães
338:3 May 1921 – 31 March 1924
2962:19th-century Brazilian politicians
827:Nilo Peçanha's last official photo
544:Anita de Castro Belisário de Sousa
14:
2992:People from Campos dos Goytacazes
2781:Francisco de Paula Lupério Santos
915:Rodolfo Nogueira da Rocha Miranda
2940:
2791:Edmundo de Macedo Soares e Silva
2554:
2553:
2289:
2280:
2279:
1590:Nilo Peçanha, uma Época Política
1282:Diário de Pernambuco, 17-6-1938
899:Agriculture, Industry and Trade
589:
1006:
991:
930:José Leopoldo de Bulhões Jardim
925:
762:Nilo Peçanha in a postage stamp
651:neighborhood of Morro do Coco,
612:[ˈnilupɾoˈkɔpjupeˈsɐɲɐ]
555:
3007:University of São Paulo alumni
1537:Neto, Arnaldo (14 July 2016).
1026:Miguel Calmon du Pin e Almeida
179:Minister of External Relations
1:
1599:, Editora Jose Olympio, 1962.
1567:KOIFMAN, Fábio, Organizador -
970:Justice and Internal Affairs
866:presidential election of 1922
789:Conservative Republican Party
2741:Newton de Andrade Cavalcanti
2711:Manuel de Matos Duarte Silva
2483:Adalberto Pereira dos Santos
1045:List of presidents of Brazil
996:Alexandrino Faria de Alencar
2866:Floriano Peixoto Faria Lima
2601:Governors of Rio de Janeiro
1341:. Latin America Otherwise.
1318:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1072:Griffin, Donald W. (1964).
785:José Gomes Pinheiro Machado
231:President of Rio de Janeiro
3033:
1527:(visited 4 September 2008)
1451:(visited 3 September 2008)
1427:(visited 3 September 2008)
1407:(visited 3 September 2008)
1300:(visited 3 September 2008)
1266:(visited 3 September 2008)
1240:(visited 3 September 2008)
1224:(visited 3 September 2008)
1209:(visited 3 September 2008)
1146:(visited 2 September 2008)
779:. The deceased president,
625:governor of Rio de Janeiro
18:
3012:Vice presidents of Brazil
2938:
2731:Pantaleão da Silva Pessoa
2726:João de Deus Mena Barreto
2641:Joaquim Maurício de Abreu
2636:José Tomás da Porciúncula
2610:
2549:
2337:Vice presidents of Brazil
2247:
1678:
1669:
1661:
1651:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1296:30 September 2009 at the
1016:
964:
935:
903:Antônio Cândido Rodrigues
893:
608:Portuguese pronunciation:
597:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
432:
393:
362:
331:
277:
236:
184:
173:
166:
162:
119:
65:
54:
42:
2826:José de Carvalho Janotti
2796:Ernâni do Amaral Peixoto
2756:Ernâni do Amaral Peixoto
2092:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
1645:Vice President of Brazil
1423:24 December 2007 at the
1262:26 February 2008 at the
871:Peçanha died in 1924 in
629:vice president of Brazil
580:Faculty of Law of Recife
500:Rio de Janeiro
114:Vice President of Brazil
2841:Cordolino José Ambrósio
2811:Osmar Serpa de Carvalho
2721:Plínio de Castro Casado
2701:Aurelino de Araújo Leal
1130:(visited 8 August 2008)
974:Augusto Tavares de Lira
959:José Bernardino Bormann
834:state of Rio de Janeiro
745:President of the Senate
737:state of Rio de Janeiro
717:Peçanha was married to
635:and served until 1910.
49:Official portrait, 1909
2846:Paulo Francisco Torres
2626:José Marques Guimarães
2366:Francisco Rosa e Silva
1597:A Vida de Nilo Peçanha
1022:Road and Public Works
829:
764:
665:
619:who served as seventh
2457:Military dictatorship
2040:Military dictatorship
1620:24 April 2008 at the
1592:, Editora Sete, 1962.
1585:, Editora Três, 1983.
1569:Presidentes do Brasil
1343:Duke University Press
1169:Tribuna de Petrópolis
1088:Duke University Press
945:Luís Mendes de Morais
825:
760:
661:
653:Campos dos Goytacazes
604:Nilo Procópio Peçanha
521:Federal District
496:Campos dos Goytacazes
2997:Presidents of Brazil
2806:Togo Póvoa de Barros
2746:Protógenes Guimarães
2631:Baltasar da Silveira
2272:New elections held;
1998:Juscelino Kubitschek
1721:Presidents of Brazil
1588:SANTIAGO, Sindulfo,
1571:, Editora Rio, 2001.
1403:14 June 2007 at the
1205:25 June 2009 at the
532:Rio Republican Party
2921:Luiz Fernando Pezão
2916:Sérgio Cabral Filho
2178:Fernando H. Cardoso
1957:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
1672:President of Brazil
1505:www25.senado.leg.br
621:president of Brazil
427:Chamber of Deputies
420:Oliveira Figueiredo
379:Oliveira Figueiredo
273:Francisco Guimarães
253:Francisco Guimarães
168:Other offices held
60:President of Brazil
21:Nilo Peçanha, Bahia
2836:Badger da Silveira
2831:Luís Miguel Pinaud
2801:Miguel Couto Filho
1755:Prudente de Morais
1740:Deodoro da Fonseca
1630:Political offices
830:
817:Baixada Fluminense
797:Campanha Civilista
765:
666:
502:, Empire of Brazil
389:Miguel de Carvalho
2949:
2948:
2911:Rosângela Matheus
2906:Benedita da Silva
2901:Anthony Garotinho
2716:Demócrito Barbosa
2651:Quintino Bocaiuva
2621:Francisco Portela
2605:
2567:
2566:
2478:Augusto Rademaker
2468:José Maria Alkmin
2427:Populist Republic
2303:
2302:
2139:never took office
1946:Populist Republic
1888:Isaías de Noronha
1858:never took office
1808:never took office
1792:Hermes da Fonseca
1688:
1687:
1682:Hermes da Fonseca
1679:Succeeded by
1652:Succeeded by
1595:TINOCO, Brígido,
1461:Metráux, Alfred.
1036:
1035:
846:Rio Grande do Sul
682:Hermes da Fonseca
601:
600:
453:
452:
305:Quintino Bocaiuva
107:Hermes da Fonseca
3024:
2944:
2896:Marcello Alencar
2861:Raimundo Padilha
2816:Roberto Silveira
2671:Oliveira Botelho
2661:Oliveira Botelho
2603:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2488:Aureliano Chaves
2371:Silviano Brandão
2356:Floriano Peixoto
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2257:Died in office;
2051:Ranieri Mazzilli
2017:Ranieri Mazzilli
1749:Floriano Peixoto
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1662:Preceded by
1635:Preceded by
1627:
1574:PEÇANHA, Celso,
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1434:
1428:
1414:
1408:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1307:
1301:
1276:
1267:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1160:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1069:
1007:Foreign Affairs
891:
877:Federal District
614:
609:
593:
559:
557:
513:
492:
490:
478:Personal details
437:
417:
407:
398:
386:
376:
367:
355:
345:
336:
316:Oliveira Botelho
313:
301:
294:Oliveira Botelho
291:
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270:
263:Oliveira Botelho
260:
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91:
81:
70:
47:
28:
3032:
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3027:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3021:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2856:Geremias Fontes
2851:Teotônio Araújo
2706:Feliciano Sodré
2616:Fonseca e Silva
2606:
2598:
2568:
2563:
2545:
2544:
2540:Geraldo Alckmin
2535:Hamilton Mourão
2501:
2493:
2492:
2459:
2451:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2406:Estácio Coimbra
2361:Manuel Vitorino
2347:
2339:
2334:
2304:
2299:
2243:
2242:
2155:Collor de Mello
2126:
2118:
2117:
2112:João Figueiredo
2042:
2034:
2033:
1948:
1940:
1916:
1908:
1872:
1870:Second Republic
1864:
1863:
1839:Washington Luís
1829:Artur Bernardes
1823:Epitácio Pessoa
1804:Rodrigues Alves
1771:Rodrigues Alves
1731:
1723:
1718:
1684:
1675:
1667:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1622:Wayback Machine
1606:
1564:
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1499:
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1425:Wayback Machine
1415:
1411:
1405:Wayback Machine
1391:
1387:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1345:. p. 298.
1332:
1331:
1327:
1309:
1308:
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1298:Wayback Machine
1277:
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1264:Wayback Machine
1251:
1244:
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1207:Wayback Machine
1197:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1175:on 22 July 2009
1162:
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1134:
1126:
1119:
1096:10.2307/2511892
1071:
1070:
1057:
1053:
1041:
926:Farm (Economy)
889:
862:Artur Bernardes
858:Artur Bernardes
828:
769:República Velha
763:
690:Gilberto Freyre
678:Artur Bernardes
664:
648:
607:
561:
558: 1895)
553:
549:
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528:Political party
515:
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486:
438:
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50:
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2931:Cláudio Castro
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:Leonel Brizola
2883:
2881:Moreira Franco
2878:
2876:Leonel Brizola
2873:
2871:Chagas Freitas
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
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2763:
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2738:
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2708:
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2696:Raul Fernandes
2693:
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2666:Alfredo Backer
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2646:Alberto Torres
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2604:(1889–present)
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1924:Getúlio Vargas
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1880:Military Junta
1876:
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1604:External links
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1581:SILVA, Hélio,
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2759:
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2008:Jânio Quadros
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1474:. p. 3.
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46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2891:Nilo Batista
2786:Álvaro Rocha
2676:Nilo Peçanha
2675:
2656:Nilo Peçanha
2655:
2530:Michel Temer
2525:José Alencar
2520:Marco Maciel
2499:New Republic
2473:Pedro Aleixo
2447:João Goulart
2416:Vital Soares
2381:Nilo Peçanha
2380:
2345:Old Republic
2273:
2269:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2237:2023–present
2213:Michel Temer
2205:
2162:
2138:
2124:New Republic
2079:
2076:Pedro Aleixo
2070:
2069:(1967–1969)
2026:
2025:(1961–1964)
2023:João Goulart
2011:
1974:
1927:
1926:(1937–1945)
1901:
1900:(1930–1937)
1892:Mena Barreto
1857:
1846:
1817:
1816:(1918–1919)
1807:
1786:Nilo Peçanha
1785:
1780:
1779:(1906–1909)
1761:Campos Sales
1743:
1742:(1889–1891)
1729:Old Republic
1670:
1643:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1562:Bibliography
1548:. Retrieved
1542:
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1504:
1495:
1487:
1480:. Retrieved
1469:
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1432:
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1377:Google Books
1375:– via
1369:. Retrieved
1338:
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1316:SoCientífica
1315:
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1283:
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1253:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:the original
1168:
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733:Campos Sales
730:
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649:
637:
603:
602:
512:(1924-03-31)
444:Constituency
434:
416:Succeeded by
395:
385:Succeeded by
364:
354:Succeeded by
333:
312:Succeeded by
279:
269:Succeeded by
238:
219:Succeeded by
212:Lauro Müller
186:
152:Succeeded by
121:
102:Succeeded by
67:
37:Nilo Peçanha
25:
2972:1924 deaths
2967:1867 births
2771:Lúcio Meira
2510:José Sarney
2437:Nereu Ramos
2376:Afonso Pena
2348:(1889–1930)
2262:Coup d'état
2145:José Sarney
2114:(1979–1985)
1994:(1955–1956)
1992:Nereu Ramos
1982:(1954–1955)
1937:(1945–1946)
1914:Estado Novo
1825:(1919–1922)
1800:(1914–1918)
1794:(1910–1914)
1788:(1909–1910)
1777:Afonso Pena
1773:(1902–1906)
1757:(1894–1898)
1751:(1891–1894)
1732:(1889–1930)
1665:Afonso Pena
1638:Afonso Pena
1482:3 September
1444:, and also
1371:3 September
1090:: 437–439.
808:positivists
793:Rui Barbosa
781:Afonso Pena
741:Afonso Pena
642:president.
633:Afonso Pena
406:Preceded by
375:Preceded by
344:Preceded by
300:Preceded by
259:Preceded by
207:Preceded by
145:Afonso Pena
140:Preceded by
134:Afonso Pena
95:Afonso Pena
90:Preceded by
2956:Categories
2776:Hugo Silva
2691:Raul Veiga
2442:Café Filho
2411:Melo Viana
2276:Impeached
2253:Resigned;
2080:posthumous
1986:Carlos Luz
1980:Café Filho
1676:1909–1910
1649:1906–1909
1394:Araraquara
1051:References
854:Pernambuco
752:Paz e Amor
697:tez escura
617:politician
575:Alma mater
489:1867-10-02
2460:(1964–85)
2430:(1946–64)
2266:self-coup
2227:2019–2023
2217:2016–2019
2202:2011–2016
2192:2003–2011
2182:1995–2003
2172:1992–1995
2159:1990–1992
2149:1985–1990
2106:1974–1979
2096:1969–1974
2061:1964–1967
2043:(1964–85)
2002:1956–1961
1971:1951–1954
1961:1946–1951
1949:(1946–64)
1917:(1937–46)
1873:(1930–37)
1843:1926–1930
1833:1922–1926
1765:1898–1902
1361:2691-6282
887:Ministers
777:São Paulo
708:São Paulo
646:Biography
623:. He was
586:Signature
435:In office
396:In office
365:In office
334:In office
280:In office
239:In office
196:President
187:In office
131:President
122:In office
68:In office
2559:Category
2285:Category
1894:) (1930)
1618:Archived
1550:7 August
1476:Archived
1421:Archived
1401:Archived
1365:Archived
1320:Archived
1294:Archived
1260:Archived
1203:Archived
1179:9 August
1108:Archived
1039:See also
803:states.
801:Amazonas
566:Children
523:, Brazil
2010:(1961)
1335:"Notes"
1104:2511892
686:mulatto
674:mestiço
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1988:(1955)
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1100:JSTOR
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1347:ISBN
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1181:2008
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852:and
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