1701:
615:, with an area of approximately 6,500 km (2,500 sq mi); later, the Sanctuary was extended to 21,800 square kilometres (8,400 sq mi), making it the largest protected area in mainland Southeast Asia. The river then turns to the west and flows through the middle of the plain, joined by the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron rivers from the right bank. These rivers drain the mountain ranges to the north and northeast of the Hukawng valley.
99:
79:
1693:
2053:
The first being the
Irrawaddy River Drainage system, where water flowing through the rivers of Manipur falls first into the Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) and thereafter into the Irrawaddy River before discharging into the Bay of Bengal. . . . The Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) System includes
2095:
The riverine systems of
Manipur falls into two major systems namely the Irrawaddy River System, where water flowing through the rivers of Manipur falls first into the Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) and thereafter into the Irrawaddy River before discharging into the Bay of Bengal
1759:
Much of
Chindwin's course lies within mountain ranges and forests. Due to the difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley.
1883:) is notable to be mentioned because many important historical events, associated with the Manipuri and the Burmese people, happened in and around the very river. Its Meitei language name is "Ningthi Turel". Here, "Turel" is a Meitei term for "river".
2080:
2139:
1815:
was built across the
Hukawng valley to supply China. The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces to reoccupy Burma.
2544:
2462:
Andrew Hsiu which taken from a journal titled "Morphological
Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." by Scott DeLancey which was published on 2015
708:(Pagan). It was choked up for centuries until 1824 when it was opened out by an exceptional flood. Satellite pictures show this lowest channel to be the widest one today.
2034:
700:. The extreme outlets into the Ayeyarwady are about 22 miles (35 km) apart, the interval forming a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. The lowest
1768:
The mountain ranges to the west of the
Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Kabaw valley saw many an invasion by the kingdom of
611:. It flows due north until it reaches the Hukawng Valley. In 2004, the government established the world's largest tiger preserve in the Hukawng Valley, the
2124:
2170:
2014:
Called
Ningthi by the Manipuris of India, it drains northwest through the Hukawng valley and then begins its 520-mile (840-kilometre) main course.
1823:
The chindwin river has a great impact on the culture of western Burma. Central Sino-Tibetan languages originated from valley areas of this river.
2209:
2394:
1984:
1700:
2302:
2146:
2269:
612:
2541:
236:
2556:
627:
in the river. It then takes on the name of
Chindwin, and maintains a general southerly course. It passes the town of Singkaling
545:
2417:
161:
1966:
Account of the Valley of
Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes; with a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and other Languages
2355:
672:
2348:
1934:
579:
2042:
1811:
retreated on foot to India across the same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. The
2575:
2188:
2066:
2496:
1904:
2027:"GENERAL / LATEST NEWS: ENVIS Centre, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India"
1662:
1676:
2523:
573:, where the Tanai, the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron (also known as Turong or Towang) rivers meet.
2518:
2217:
2038:
1851:
in the headwaters of the Uyu river is the only place in the world where the finest jade - known as
642:. It then takes a more southeasterly course entering the broad central plain, passing the city of
2184:
624:
2238:
2513:
1643:
is the largest tributary joining the
Chindwin river just below Homalin on the left. The famous
2390:
2384:
2164:
2060:
1980:
1880:
704:
of the Chindwin is, according to tradition, an artificial channel, cut by one of the kings of
2026:
2252:
666:
655:
647:
491:
52:
39:
2560:
2548:
2306:
1876:
1808:
1804:
1713:
628:
623:
The Tanai exits the Hukawng valley through the Taron or Turong valley and through a sharp
519:
503:
406:
222:
62:
2277:
2118:
1835:
forests within its drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. The
1836:
1705:
651:
535:
143:
2569:
2553:
2442:
2113:
1796:
marching across the western mountain ranges, and even encroached upon British India.
1743:
1680:
1654:
659:
639:
478:
2239:"River Discharge and Reservoir Storage Changes Using Satellite Microwave Radiometry"
1954:
1800:
539:
147:
1999:
1974:
1831:
The Chindwin is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin.
2535:
2475:
2421:
701:
207:
98:
1964:
1807:
had cut off sea access, the British army and other allied forces under General
2508:
2359:
2327:
1785:
1668:
1657:
drains the Kale valley and joins on the right further downstream. The town of
350:(74 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 110,350 km (42,610 sq mi)
17:
687:
674:
594:
581:
560:
547:
251:
238:
176:
163:
1812:
1640:
607:
on the Shwedaunggyi peak of the Kumon range, 12 miles (19 km) north of
515:
466:
88:
78:
646:
on the left bank. Its course at this point forms the boundary between the
1777:
1773:
1738:
1718:
1672:
2128:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
1852:
1848:
1789:
1769:
1728:
1723:
1692:
1648:
632:
608:
511:
114:
84:
1748:
1733:
1658:
717:
643:
347:
1788:
ascended the Burmese throne. The Burmese army invaded and occupied
1840:
1793:
1780:, took Myedu, and reached as far as Sagaing opposite the capital
1699:
1691:
705:
2081:"AIMS writes to Waterways Minister to redevelop inland waterways"
2213:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1781:
1644:
716:
Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Chindwin River at
638:
The river's course is generally southwesterly until the town of
2117:
439:(Period: 1972–2009)14,150 m/s (500,000 cu ft/s)
380:(Period: 1966–2009)19,935 m/s (704,000 cu ft/s)
360:(Period: 1966–2009)4,637 m/s (163,800 cu ft/s)
1969:. Bengal Printing Company Limited (Calcutta). pp. 8–40.
1776:(1709–1748) when his army crossed over the Chindwin and the
419:(Period: 1972–2009)2,290 m/s (81,000 cu ft/s)
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
370:(Period: 1966–2009)649 m/s (22,900 cu ft/s)
429:(Period: 1972–2009)109 m/s (3,800 cu ft/s)
2349:"Rationale for a National Tiger Action Plan for Myanmar"
1855:
or imperial jade - is found, along with an abundance of
1976:
Hijam Irabot Singh and Political Movements in Manipur
2303:"Heaven and Hell: The Quest for Jade in Upper Burma"
409:(Basin size: 27,420 km (10,590 sq mi)
321:(Period: 1967– 2009)149.7 km/a (4,740 m/s)
1772:to the west, most notably during the reign of King
472:
460:
452:
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333:
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192:
153:
137:
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120:
110:
105:
32:
2035:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
1959:. Baptist Mission Press, Kolkata. pp. 19–20.
1933:Chikamori, Hidetaka; Liu, Heng; Daniell, Trevor.
1956:Report On The Eastern Frontier Of British India
2000:"Chindwin River | river, Myanmar | Britannica"
1704:1980: River Chindwin 30 km NE of Monywa with
8:
2480:Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States
1784:. The tables were turned in 1758 after King
289:114,684.9 km (44,280.1 sq mi)
2389:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 112–3.
2264:
2262:
97:
2538:, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 8 August 2023.
1843:. Along the river, there are deposits of
2418:"The Stillwell Road A Historical Review"
2054:Tuijang, Taret and Maklang river basins.
722:
720:. Period from 1966/01/01 to 2023/12/31:
1896:
1868:
2445:. The Pacific War Online Encyclopaedia
2169:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2162:
2058:
1839:is known for its abundance of Burmese
29:
2296:
2294:
1683:and finally joins the Chindwin river.
1675:in northeast India. It flows through
534:The Chindwin originates in the broad
51:
7:
2108:
2106:
2104:
576:The headwaters of the Tanai are at
522:. Its official name is also spelled
2305:. Ruby-Sapphire.com. Archived from
631:on the left bank, then the town of
510:), is a river flowing entirely in
25:
2270:"Hpakan Other Rock Mine(Myanmar)"
1973:Siṃha, Kārāma Manimohana (1989),
1651:lie in the headwaters of the Uyu.
613:Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
518:of the country's main river, the
91:can be seen joining the Chindwin.
77:
2216:, November 1998. Archived from
1979:, B.R. Publishing Corporation,
2542:Rivers Network - Chindwin Blog
2301:Richard W. Hughes; Fred Ward.
1953:Pemberton, R. Boileau (1835).
230: • coordinates
155: • coordinates
1:
2356:Wildlife Conservation Society
1661:is on the left bank of their
121:Physical characteristics
2482:. 5 vols. Rangoon, 1900–1901
667:Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy)
269: • elevation
198:1,134 m (3,720 ft)
194: • elevation
177:27.057418000°N 97.02600500°E
2524:GPX (secondary coordinates)
2383:Phanjoubam Tarapot (2003).
2043:National Informatics Centre
402: • location
343: • location
307: • location
281:1,207 km (750 mi)
218: • location
139: • location
2592:
2420:. Tinsukia. Archived from
507:
435: • maximum
425: • minimum
415: • average
376: • maximum
366: • minimum
356: • average
317: • average
87:. The smaller, meandering
66:
53:[tɕɪ́ɰ̃dwɪ́ɰ̃mjɪʔ]
2519:GPX (primary coordinates)
2494:Map all coordinates using
2328:"Map of Sagaing Division"
1963:McCulloch, W.Maj (1859).
1936:Myanmar 1. Chindwin River
734:
731:
728:
725:
635:, also on the left bank.
495:
443:
388:
384:
329:
325:
293:
202:
182:27.057418000; 97.02600500
125:
96:
76:
43:
2502:Download coordinates as:
2085:www.thesangaiexpress.com
1696:River Chindwin at Monywa
1671:originates from central
474: • right
2253:"The Flood Observatory"
2189:Encyclopædia Britannica
2125:Encyclopædia Britannica
1819:Ethnography and culture
462: • left
273:55 m (180 ft)
2416:Baruah, Sri Surendra.
2065:: CS1 maint: others (
1709:
1697:
2514:GPX (all coordinates)
2358:(WCS). Archived from
1703:
1695:
561:26.43833°N 96.55889°E
498:), also known as the
252:21.47389°N 95.28139°E
2039:Government of India
1879:(officially called
684: /
591: /
557: /
448:Basin features
248: /
173: /
2559:2006-12-20 at the
2554:The Chindwin River
2547:2015-09-24 at the
2210:"Earth from Space"
2004:www.britannica.com
1710:
1698:
566:26.43833; 96.55889
542:of Burma, roughly
514:, and the largest
257:21.47389; 95.28139
2576:Rivers of Myanmar
2396:978-81-241-0902-1
1986:978-81-7018-578-9
1881:Manipuri language
1629:
1628:
688:21.500°N 95.250°E
595:25.500°N 97.000°E
484:
483:
16:(Redirected from
2583:
2463:
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2443:"Chindwin River"
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2386:Bleeding Manipur
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2185:"Chindwin River"
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2145:. Archived from
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2119:"Chindwin"
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735:Discharge (m/s)
729:Discharge (m/s)
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648:Sagaing District
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83:The Chindwin at
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68:
55:
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45:
30:
27:River in Myanmar
21:
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2561:Wayback Machine
2549:Wayback Machine
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2155:
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2140:"Archived copy"
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2031:manenvis.nic.in
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1809:Joseph Stilwell
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2487:External links
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2116:, ed. (1911).
2114:Chisholm, Hugh
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1837:Hukawng Valley
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1706:Lower Chindwin
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693:21.500; 95.250
665:It enters the
652:Sagaing Region
620:
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600:25.500; 97.000
536:Hukawng Valley
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488:Chindwin River
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660:Magway Region
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508:Ningthi Turel
505:
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500:Ningthi River
496:Chindwin Myin
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168:97°1′33.618″E
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2470:Bibliography
2458:
2447:. Retrieved
2437:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:the original
2411:
2400:. Retrieved
2385:
2378:
2367:. Retrieved
2360:the original
2343:
2332:. Retrieved
2322:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
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2222:. Retrieved
2218:the original
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2193:. Retrieved
2179:
2154:. Retrieved
2147:the original
2134:
2123:
2094:
2088:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2052:
2046:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2013:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1948:
1935:
1899:
1875:The name in
1871:
1830:
1822:
1801:World War II
1798:
1767:
1758:
1630:
1620:
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637:
622:
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540:Kachin State
533:
523:
499:
487:
485:
148:Kachin State
2476:J. G. Scott
1803:, when the
1774:Garibaniwaj
1755:Environment
1708:crater lake
1635:Tributaries
691: /
598: /
564: /
453:Tributaries
255: /
180: /
67:ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ
2449:2008-10-07
2428:2008-11-19
2402:2008-11-19
2369:2008-12-27
2334:2008-10-07
2330:. Asterism
2313:2008-12-27
2284:2008-12-27
2224:2008-10-07
2195:2008-10-07
2156:2018-08-08
2090:2023-03-25
2048:2023-03-25
2009:2023-03-25
1905:"Chindwin"
1891:References
1786:Alaungpaya
1669:Tizu River
1663:confluence
552:96°33′32″E
549:26°26′18″N
311:Near mouth
286:Basin size
243:95°16′53″E
240:21°28′26″N
1827:Economics
1813:Ledo Road
1719:Htamanthi
1677:Zünheboto
1647:mines at
1641:Uyu River
712:Discharge
669:at about
524:Chindwinn
520:Irrawaddy
516:tributary
393:Discharge
334:Discharge
298:Discharge
89:Uyu River
2570:Category
2557:Archived
2545:Archived
2165:cite web
2061:cite web
1805:Japanese
1739:Kalaymyo
1673:Nagaland
654:and the
106:Location
1853:jadeite
1849:Hpakant
1799:During
1790:Manipur
1770:Manipur
1764:History
1729:Mawlaik
1724:Homalin
1649:Hpakant
1625:14,527
1611:13,410
1595:11,805
1581:21,140
1565:16,610
1551:14,470
1535:17,800
1522:25,600
1506:12,963
1492:20,580
1476:19,019
1463:22,490
1447:21,831
1434:25,450
1418:19,067
1404:20,010
1388:25,510
1375:15,420
1359:18,081
1345:19,450
1329:16,560
1315:22,710
1299:16,600
1285:18,840
1269:19,673
1255:23,160
1239:13,787
1225:16,010
1209:16,160
1195:20,300
1179:23,270
1165:18,920
1149:19,740
1135:16,540
1119:16,520
1105:23,800
1089:16,200
1075:26,650
1059:19,770
1045:17,840
1029:18,460
1015:25,000
999:24,300
985:21,700
969:14,040
955:16,490
939:18,740
925:19,450
909:21,530
895:19,790
879:19,600
865:20,130
849:20,400
835:25,450
819:16,080
805:17,740
789:20,680
775:24,550
679:95°15′E
676:21°30′N
633:Homalin
609:Mogaung
583:25°30′N
530:Sources
512:Myanmar
492:Burmese
479:Myittha
115:Myanmar
111:Country
85:Homalin
40:Burmese
2393:
2191:online
1983:
1847:, but
1749:Monywa
1744:Mingin
1734:Kalewa
1714:Hkamti
1659:Kalewa
1543:1,039
718:Monywa
644:Monywa
640:Mingin
629:Hkamti
625:defile
619:Course
586:97°0′E
504:Meitei
456:
407:Hkamti
396:
348:Monywa
337:
301:
278:Length
212:
133:
130:Source
63:Meitei
2363:(PDF)
2352:(PDF)
2150:(PDF)
2143:(PDF)
1940:(PDF)
1863:Notes
1841:amber
1794:Assam
1688:Towns
1621:4,204
1614:2023
1607:3,439
1600:1994
1591:4,603
1584:2022
1577:4,826
1570:1993
1561:4,776
1554:2021
1547:4,102
1540:1992
1531:6,114
1525:2020
1518:6,488
1511:1991
1502:4,290
1495:2019
1488:5,670
1481:1990
1472:5,618
1466:2018
1459:4,796
1452:1989
1443:6,776
1437:2017
1430:5,097
1423:1988
1414:5,160
1407:2016
1400:5,339
1393:1987
1384:4,585
1378:2015
1371:3,981
1364:1986
1355:3,169
1348:2014
1341:5,305
1334:1985
1325:4,236
1318:2013
1311:5,091
1304:1984
1295:4,817
1288:2012
1281:4,247
1274:1983
1265:3,771
1258:2011
1251:4,385
1244:1982
1235:3,898
1228:2010
1221:3,833
1214:1981
1205:3,232
1198:2009
1191:5,075
1184:1980
1175:4,500
1168:2008
1161:4,063
1154:1979
1145:5,355
1138:2007
1131:3,956
1124:1978
1115:3,771
1108:2006
1101:4,398
1094:1977
1085:3,486
1078:2005
1071:6,928
1064:1976
1055:5,862
1048:2004
1041:4,493
1034:1975
1025:5,134
1018:2003
1011:5,566
1004:1974
995:4,595
988:2002
981:5,103
974:1973
965:4,278
958:2001
951:3,257
944:1972
935:5,514
928:2000
921:5,792
914:1971
905:5,188
898:1999
891:4,775
884:1970
875:5,113
868:1998
861:4,006
854:1969
845:4,434
838:1997
831:5,137
824:1968
815:3,989
808:1996
801:4,812
794:1967
785:4,977
778:1995
771:5,611
764:1966
732:Year
726:Year
706:Bagan
702:mouth
208:Mouth
2391:ISBN
2214:NASA
2171:link
2067:link
1981:ISBN
1857:fish
1845:jade
1833:Teak
1792:and
1679:and
1645:jade
1617:156
1603:644
1587:972
1573:981
1557:276
1514:852
1498:477
1484:907
1455:783
1426:610
1410:802
1396:659
1367:591
1351:297
1337:613
1321:201
1307:600
1291:343
1277:653
1261:132
1247:650
1231:121
1217:790
1201:257
1187:806
1171:288
1157:530
1141:318
1127:672
1111:242
1097:798
1081:552
1067:892
1051:608
1037:709
1021:744
1007:921
991:672
977:530
961:512
947:757
931:632
917:509
901:480
887:548
871:736
857:582
841:432
827:757
811:616
797:775
781:684
767:610
759:Max
755:Mean
751:Min
748:Max
744:Mean
740:Min
486:The
49:IPA:
2509:KML
2096:...
1971:;
1961:;
1782:Ava
658:of
650:of
538:of
467:Uyu
2572::
2478:,
2354:.
2293:^
2272:.
2261:^
2212:.
2187:.
2167:}}
2163:{{
2122:.
2103:^
2093:.
2083:.
2063:}}
2059:{{
2051:.
2041:.
2037:,
2033:.
2029:.
2012:.
2002:.
1913:^
1859:.
1778:Mu
662:.
526:.
506::
494::
146:,
65::
42::
2452:.
2431:.
2405:.
2372:.
2337:.
2316:.
2287:.
2255:.
2241:.
2227:.
2198:.
2173:)
2159:.
2069:)
1942:.
1907:.
1665:.
502:(
490:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
