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9th century

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flame of western art from dying out. Architecture began to revive to some extent in the West by the 9th century, taking the form of Church facilities of all kinds, and the first castle fortifications since Roman times began to take form in simple "moat and bailey" castles, or simple "strong point" tower structures, with little refinement.
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Art in the 9th century was primarily dedicated to the Gospel and employed as basic tools of liturgy of the Roman Orthodox Church. Thousands of golden art objects were made: Sacred cups, vessels, reliquaries, crucifixes, rosaries, altarpieces, and statues of the Virgin and Child or Saints all kept the
503:. These bronzes, which were used as vessels, amulets, pendants, and sacrificial tools, are among the earliest made bronzes ever found in Nigeria. Most items were part of a burial of a nobleman culture in the northern part of the 689:
by the Irish—this period of Viking raids on the coasts of Ireland has been named the longphort phase after these types of settlements. Ireland in the 9th century was organised into an amalgam of small kingdoms, called
694:. These kingdoms were sometimes grouped together and ruled by a single, provincial ruler. If such a ruler could establish and maintain authority over a portion of these tuatha, he was sometimes granted the title of 1835:. The acquittance took place on 21 April 900 and involved several aristocrats and high-ranking officials from kingdoms within the islands of Luzon, Mindanao, and Java. The document is currently called the 1072: 956: 716:, who inhabited most of Scotland at the time. Not only were the Pictish realms either destroyed or severely weakened, the Viking invasion and settlements may have been the reason for the movement of 1149:: Samaale becomes chief of the Hashiyah clan and launches the conquest of Somalia. This paves the way for Hashiyic colonisation of the Peninsular, displacing the native Cushitic peoples of Somalia 736:. This may have caused the new king, MacAlpin, to move to the east, and conquer the remnants of the Pictish realms. MacAlpin became king of the Picts in 843 and later kings would be titled as the 704:
also experienced significant Viking incursions during the 9th century. The Vikings established themselves in coastal regions, usually in northern Scotland, and in the northern islands such as
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The year is 843 C.E., and the Carolingian Empire has reached the peak of its expansion, covering more territory in Western Europe than any other dynasty since the Roman Empire.
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were gradually conquered by the Danes, who set up Anglo-Saxon puppet rulers in each kingdom. This invasion was achieved by a huge military force known as the
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and push back the Viking incursions, relieving the neighbouring kingdoms from the threat of the Danes following his famous victory over them at the
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Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.46
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First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source—illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (
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was located on the western coast of Scotland, and Viking incursions destroyed it after the death of its previous king,
712:. The Viking invasion and settlement in Scotland provided a contributing factor in the collapse of the kingdoms of the 305: 301: 1218: 2504: 2057: 1720: 1391: 564: 79: 979:: King Egbert of Wessex defeats Mercia and establishes the kingdom of Wessex as the supreme Kingdom in England. 847: 478: 433: 330: 2349: 86: 3787: 3296: 1907: 1094: 782: 374: 46: 2002: 883: 600: 409: 1927:
might have been written down in this century; alternatively, it could also have been in the 8th century.
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was likely founded around 800. This corresponds to the period between 760 and 830, the peak of the
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The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauឍapāda, ƚaáč…kara, Sureƛvara, and Padmapāda
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happened in this century, while Burma would see the establishment of the major kingdom of
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and the ruler of Srivijaya, constructs the Buddhist temple and monastery in
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into halves, the eastern half remaining under the control of the Danes.
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Julian equivalent of the indicated Hindu calendar date: the 4th day, a
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Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula
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is complete, after 90 years of rock-carving on a massive cliff-side.
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derived the quadratic formula used for solving quadratic equations.
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Bronzes made around the 9th century, some of the bronzes found at
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attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people.
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The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing
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The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing
551:, which would exist in some form until the early 20th century. 2104: 1991: 1820: 1814: 1800: 1796: 1789:; the Byzantine clergy is expelled and replaced by Bulgarian; 1766: 1738: 1716: 1698: 1684: 1680: 1662: 1640: 1636: 1626: 1616: 1603: 1599: 1581: 1563: 1549: 1536: 1526: 1522: 1504: 1474: 1460: 1430: 1405: 1387: 1361: 1327: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1250: 1246: 1228: 1214: 1210: 1200: 1194: 1152: 1146: 1132: 1122: 1112: 1108: 1086: 1049: 1039: 1025: 1021: 982: 972: 962: 948: 938: 924: 918: 914: 907: 897: 871: 857: 853: 839: 835: 818: 796: 678: 644: 596: 363: 355: 29: 2293: 2291: 2001:
kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. (
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Byzantines are heavily defeated by the Bulgars at Versinikia
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reigned. He was considered the last capable emperor of the
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continued from the previous century. The kingdoms of the
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in central Java, when it was under the influence of the
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Arab squadrons from Africa, with 500 horses, desecrate
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Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 9th century.
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in southern China, and observes the manufacturing of
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was also affected by the Viking expansion across the
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occurred within this period. In the Middle East, the
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are developed from simplified Chinese characters in
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is dethroned and succeeded as Prince of Bulgaria by
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is signed between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2075:Timeline of historic inventions § 9th century 1986:, some cities became free republics: for instance 432:started the century with the effective rule under 1975:traders settle in the northwest and southeast of 1875:To-ji in Kyoto, completed in the late 9th century 773:Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 9th century. 878:fought between a Byzantine force led by emperor 615:. The Danes went on to subjugate the kingdom of 1906:, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) 1139:is founded on the east coast of Ireland by the 595:. This Danish army first arrived in Britain in 2342:"Succession of the Carolingian Empire, 843 CE" 2230:"Brunei Rediscovered: A Survey of Early Times" 3297: 2512: 2172:had its third and last orthographical reform. 1793:becomes the official language of the country. 1269:, is built around what came to be called the 331: 8: 1691:leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the 685:set up impermanent camps, which were called 2563: 619:and to take all but the western portion of 3304: 3290: 3282: 2519: 2505: 2497: 2469: 2281: 2279: 1105:of the Tang court, but the plot is foiled. 539:) was located in what is now southeastern 338: 324: 131: 2302:. Singapore: Didier Millet. p. 143. 448:in the central Maya region, resulting in 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 996: 768: 760: 2194: 793:) waged war against the Chinese Empire. 420:. In Southeast Asia, the height of the 295: 230: 202: 174: 146: 134: 2183:Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history 2069:Inventions, discoveries, introductions 1880:Late 9th century: Womb World mandala, 1759:declines and falls after the death of 1036:and subsequently raids Southern Italy. 815:and establishes the Angkorian dynasty. 2033:, at its most broad definition, ends. 1533:between Eastern and Western churches. 7: 2462:Indian Philosophy: A Critical Survey 2210:from the original on 4 December 2008 1823:: The oldest text discovered in the 547:. It is considered the first of the 58:adding citations to reliable sources 635:managed to maintain his kingdom of 412:during the reign of Abbasid caliph 396:was founded by the Muslim polymath 2234:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 1831:—is inscribed on a copperplate in 1207:is persecuted and banned in China. 1032:established emirate (province) in 571:peoples in the 9th century as the 400:. The most famous Islamic scholar 27:One hundred years, from 801 to 900 25: 1197:: The first Viking raid in Iberia 989:is completed during the reign of 1846:stretches from the mouth of the 1731:in Bulgaria. Development of the 1657:at its height in the 9th century 1647:, the first king of the English. 1574:and establishes the independent 1441:(r. 847–861) and decline of the 1354:system of the city, and how its 1159:reach an agreement known as the 659:was established which separated 34: 2464:. New York: Barnes & Noble. 2150:begins to develop into various 1455:'s reign in the mid-9th century 1368:is completed. According to the 1273:as a defensive response to the 1101:conspires to kill the powerful 955:writes his treatise on Algebra 611:) and establish the kingdom of 436:and ended the century with the 45:needs additional citations for 2206:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2110:First known printed book, the 1837:Laguna copperplate inscription 1719:: Arrival of the disciples of 953:Muáž„ammad ibn MĆ«sā al-KhwārizmÄ« 651:rule over the western half of 583:, which was supposedly led by 567:experienced a great influx of 1: 2401:. Penguin Adult. p. 32. 2204:"Igbo-Ukwu (ca. 9th century)" 2019:was unified into one kingdom. 1621:Christianization of the Serbs 785:kingdoms of Muja (then pagan 724:at that time. The kingdom of 533: 526: 2460:Sharma, Chandradhar (1962). 2455:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 1913:An unknown event causes the 1827:—an acquittance document in 1781:; the capital is moved from 1541:Christianization of Bulgaria 1257:is annexed into the city of 627:was the only kingdom of the 483:Around the 9th century, the 366:(CM) in accordance with the 2395:Jones, Colin (2006-04-06). 2056:, is made. Now kept at The 1079:, is also written there by 623:. The remaining kingdom of 188: 3809: 3577: 3336: 3331: 2398:Paris: Biography of a City 2298:Paul Michel Munoz (2007). 2072: 2058:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1721:Saints Cyril and Methodius 1705:results in the victory of 1392:University of Al Karaouine 1358:administration functioned. 514: 491:developed bronze casts of 476: 3323: 2538: 2494: 2246:10.1017/S0022463400008973 2116:, printed in China using 1117:Vlastimir defeats Presian 732:in 839, according to the 2451:Comans, Michael (2000), 2322:Soekmono (1976), page 9. 2228:Nicholl, Robert (1983). 1950:begin their conquest of 1709:over the Danish warlord 1552:: Onward revival of the 1390:: Muslims establish the 1350:built at Guangzhou, the 1219:Emperor Xuānzong of Tang 848:Emperor Xianzong of Tang 647:. Alfred re-established 487:of what is now southern 479:Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu 2092:: Indian mathematician 1908:Carolingian Renaissance 1745:becomes witness to the 1596:, killing 1,000 people. 1463:: The beginning of the 1376: â€” the husband of 1253:: The west bank of the 943:30-year peace agreement 886:army commanded by Khan 789:/Vijayapura) and Mayd ( 444:experienced widespread 375:Carolingian Renaissance 2011:was victorious at the 2003:Early history of Sudan 1876: 1658: 1586:earthquake and tsunami 1456: 1167:into three divisions; 1017: 846:was under the rule of 821:: Construction on the 774: 766: 469: 1874: 1653:Alfred the Great led 1652: 1570:breaks away from the 1477:: The Chinese author 1450: 1370:Shivagrha inscription 1044:Ghana (Wagadu) Empire 1000: 772: 764: 523:Ghana (Wagadu) Empire 515:Further information: 477:Further information: 463: 438:Huang Chao rebellions 2024:Medieval Warm Period 2013:Battle of Hafrsfjord 1954:(roughly modern-day 1330:: The Arab merchant 931:dies in the city of 910:: China is reunited. 473:Southeastern Nigeria 408:by Abbasid official 358:(represented by the 54:improve this article 2553: ← ↔ →  2352:on 25 December 2014 2157:Two syllabaries or 2090:Quadratic equations 1451:Coin issued during 1433:: Assassination of 1425:Nalanda inscription 1334:visits the Chinese 823:Leshan Giant Buddha 560:Britain and Ireland 501:legendary creatures 450:internecine warfare 410:Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad 141:1st millennium 2118:woodblock printing 1919:Maya Classical Era 1910:in Western Europe. 1877: 1861:Late 9th century: 1842:Late 9th century: 1803:: The year of the 1771:Council of Preslav 1757:Carolingian Empire 1703:Battle of Ethandun 1659: 1558:Macedonian dynasty 1457: 1412:, the maharaja of 1265:, commissioned by 1165:Carolingian empire 1091:Sweet Dew Incident 1018: 977:Battle of Ellandun 860:: War between the 775: 767: 641:Battle of Ethandun 589:Halfdan Ragnarsson 581:Great Heathen Army 470: 446:political collapse 440:. In America, the 354:was a period from 3770: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3273: 2562: 2408:978-0-14-028292-4 2309:978-981-4155-67-0 2152:Romance languages 1733:Cyrillic Alphabet 1671:Ingolfur Arnarson 1572:Abbasid Caliphate 1509:Bagratuni dynasty 1443:Abbasid Caliphate 1380: â€” defeated 1332:Sulaiman al-Tajir 1010:Srivijayan Empire 1006:Sailendra dynasty 585:Ivar the Boneless 549:Sahelian Kingdoms 404:was tortured and 348: 347: 314:Disestablishments 223:10th century 195:10th century 167:10th century 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 3800: 3326: 3325: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3283: 2564: 2561: 2544: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2498: 2470: 2465: 2456: 2438: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2295: 2286: 2285:Dumarçay (1991). 2283: 2274: 2273: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2199: 1725:Clement of Ohrid 1707:Alfred the Great 1645:Alfred the Great 1554:Byzantine Empire 1531:Period of schism 1513:Medieval Armenia 1378:Pramodhawardhani 1181:Charles the Bald 1173:Louis the German 1161:Treaty of Verdun 876:Battle of Pliska 862:Byzantine empire 734:Annals of Ulster 718:Kenneth MacAlpin 633:Alfred the Great 538: 535: 531: 528: 434:Emperor Xianzong 402:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 340: 333: 326: 217:9th century 211:8th century 189:9th century 183:8th century 161:9th century 155:8th century 132: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3319: 3310: 3280: 3275: 2557: →  2549: ←  2545: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2490: 2489: 2459: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2420: 2416: 2409: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2355: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2297: 2296: 2289: 2284: 2277: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2213: 2211: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2179: 2101:Utrecht Psalter 2077: 2071: 2044::286 and title 2009:Harald Fairhair 1899: 1863:Pallava dynasty 1775:Vladimir-Rasate 1761:Charles the Fat 1729:Naum of Preslav 1568:Ahmad ibn Tulun 1277:desecration of 1157:Louis the Pious 1127:Louis the Pious 1095:Emperor Wenzong 1054:House of Wisdom 1046:is established. 783:Southeast Asian 759: 750: 562: 557: 536: 529: 519: 513: 481: 475: 458: 422:Mataram Kingdom 385:was founded in 383:House of Wisdom 368:Julian calendar 362:DCCCI) through 344: 308: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3806: 3804: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3788:1st millennium 3785: 3775: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 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1st millennium
8th century
9th century
10th century
8th century
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