68:
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227:(enemy aliens ineligible for military service because of nationality) was reversed, and the Army in January 1943 issued a call for Japanese-American volunteers. Most of the initial recruits came from Hawaii, as those on the mainland were reluctant to volunteer while they and their families remained in camp. The 2,686 accepted Hawaiians (out of 10,000 volunteers) and about 1,000 mainlanders were sent to Camp Shelby. The U.S. Army regiment served in Europe during World War II. Japanese Americans already in training at the start of the war had been removed from active duty shortly after
868:
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lost their mother and unborn brother in a birth complication on
November 10, 1933. After their death the children traveled to Japan to live with their Father. The two oldest brother would eventually return to live in America, where they felt most at home. Once World War II broke out and the attack on Pearl Harbour commenced, contact between the separated family ceased.The two Akune brothers in the U.S. were among 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry imprisoned in relocation centers during the war. They were also among the 16,000 who eventually served the U.S. overseas in the war.
360:
193:
300:"I watched as one of the scouts used his carbine to shoot off the chain that held the prison gates shut .... They weren’t dead, as he had first thought. When the gates swung open, we got our first good look at the prisoners. Many of them were Jews. They were wearing striped prison suits and round caps. It was cold and the snow was two feet deep in some places. There were no German guards. The prisoners struggled to their feet .... They shuffled weakly out of the compound. They were like skeletons – all skin and bones ...."
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join the 100th in early 1944. The 2nd and 3rd
Battalions shipped out on May 1, 1944, joining the 100th in Italy in June 1944. These men arrived in Europe after the 100th Infantry Battalion had already established its reputation as a fighting unit, and in time, the 100th/442nd became, for its size and length of service, the most decorated unit in
714:, after he sacrificed his life to save his fellow soldiers. Nineteen members of the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team received Distinguished Service Crosses during or immediately after their World War II service, but in the 1990s, after a study revealed that racial discrimination had caused them to be
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soldiers and commanded by white officers. The 100th
Infantry Battalion composed of men from Hawaii entered combat in Italy is September 1943 and suffered horrific casualties and became known as the Purple Heart Battalion. As a result, the 1st Battalion of the 442nd began sending replacement troops to
485:
The Nisei under
Merrill's command proved themselves particularly intrepid and helpful, venturing into the enemy lines and translating audible commands to counterattacks, and shouting conflicting commands to the Japanese, throwing them into confusion. They soon became the best known Nisei in the war
350:
arrived at Dachau's gate not on April 29, the date of the liberation of the camp, but on April 28, 1945. Two jeeps of forward observers with 522nd Field
Artillery Battalion Captain Charles Feibleman, Kelly Nakamura (Driver), George Oide, Kenzo Okubo, Mike Hara, arrived first at the gates of Dachau
51:
542:
The Akune family consisted of four brothers and four sisters. The brothers fought on opposing sides during World War II. Two of the brothers fought for the U.S. Another one served in the
Japanese Imperial Army. Their parent, Ichiro, and Yukiye Akune immigrated to California, U.S.A., in 1918. They
677:
in 1947. Fleming would go on to become the VFW State
Commander for California and was instrumental in founding a total of 14 segregated Nisei VFW posts in the state. Veterans in the Pacific Northwest were unable to find any post willing to accept them, and eventually formed their own independent
394:
as well. (At the end of the war, MIS linguists had translated 18,000 enemy documents, created 16,000 propaganda leaflets and interrogated over 10,000 Japanese POWs.) However, MIS servicemen were present at every major battle against
Japanese forces, and those who served in combat faced extremely
894:
615:
WACs faced another difficulty in that they were expected to translate
Japanese military documents; even those who were fluent in Japanese struggled to understand the military language, and eventually some were sent to the Military Intelligence Language School for training.
375:, Minnesota, which offered larger facilities, removed the complications of training Japanese-American students in an area they were technically prohibited from entering, and had less anti-Japanese prejudice. In August 1944, the language school was moved again to
882:
610:
volunteers), and these women were most often assigned to clerical duties or other "women's work." Additionally, WACs were often portrayed in media and propaganda as highly sexualized and were encouraged by male supervisors to play into this role. The
698:
Some of the first memorials to the Nisei were created by 442nd and MIS veterans themselves, in the creation of the many Nisei
American Legion, VFW, and independent memorial posts around the country, dedicated to their fallen brothers in arms.
283:
was organized as part of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team; but towards the end of the war, the 522nd became a roving battalion, shifting to whatever command most needed the unit. The 522nd had the distinction of liberating survivors of the
490:
used their story to impress other Americans with Nisei valor and loyalty, even placing stories in local newspapers as the war waned in 1945 and the WRA prepared to release the Japanese-Americans back into their communities.
55:
53:
585:
Herbert Seijin Ginoza flew combat missions over Europe as a waist-tail gunner in the 483rd Bomb Group. He spent 3 months as a German prisoner-of-war after his B17 was shot down on a bombing mission near Vienna, Austria.
67:
955:
180:, paved the way for the creation of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in January 1943. The Battalion shipped out in August 1943, landing in North Africa before fighting in Italy, eventually participating in the
1500:
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advocated on the behalf of the Nisei in Chicago to be allowed to form their own American Legion post 1183 in 1946, while Alva Fleming, a Navy veteran in Sacramento district leadership approved the charter for
867:
167:
who were originally members of the Hawaii National Guard. Sent to the mainland as the Hawaii Provisional Infantry Battalion on June 5, 1942, the 1,432 original members of the 100th were stationed first at
3228:
682:. Although VFW National leadership condemned the actions of local posts, their bylaws promoted autonomy in individual posts and were powerless to prevent the discrimination. Smaller organizations such as
648:
However, the unit's service and decorations still did not change the attitudes of the general population in much of the U.S. towards people of Japanese ancestry. Veterans came home to signs that read "No
54:
2158:"Rare Experience for Five Nisei in WWII. Dixie Mission Brought Nisei in Historic Association with Ranking Chinese Communist Leaders in Caves of Yan'an, China. By Japanese American Veterans Association"
3306:
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105:, Japanese immigrants' children who were born with American citizenship, volunteered or were drafted to serve in the United States military. Japanese Americans served in all the branches of the
598:
women were at first prohibited from serving in the U.S. military; this changed in November 1943, and 142 young women volunteered to join the WAC. Because their number was relatively small, the
211:
Two color guards and color bearers of the Japanese-American 442nd Combat Team stand at attention while their citations are read. They are standing on ground of Bruyeres, France, where many of
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WACs were not restricted to a segregated corps, but instead were spread out and served alongside other ethnic groups. The idea of female auxiliary service was still new at this time (the
296:
scouts west of Munich near the small Bavarian town of Lager Lechfeld encountered some barracks encircled by barbed wire. Technician Fourth Grade Ichiro Imamura described it in his diary:
3377:
2459:
914:
730:
3327:
938:
579:, who participated initially in 35 missions as a dorsal turret gunner over Europe, followed by 28 bombing missions over mainland Japan and other locations in the Pacific Theater.
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site to commemorate the experience of American citizens of Japanese ancestry and their parents who patriotically supported the United States despite unjust treatment during
1145:
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1974:, with a new foreword by Ruth Ozeki; introduction by Lawrence Fusao Inada; afterword by Frank Chin, Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2014 (Original: 1957),
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refused to allow Nisei veterans into existing posts and some even removed Japanese-American soldiers from their honor rolls. White officers from the 442nd including Col
495:
113:. An estimated 33,000 Japanese Americans served in the U.S. military during World War II, of which 20,000 joined the Army. Approximately 800 were killed in action.
770:
in Los Angeles lists the names of all the Japanese Americans killed in service to the country in World War II as well as in Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan.
52:
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2438:
797:
2693:
2083:
837:
726:
140:
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683:
259:
leaders, the President eventually sided with the War Department, and on February 1, 1943, Roosevelt announced the creation of a segregated unit composed of
2924:
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2417:
1768:
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987:
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2197:"Noted Nisei Veteran Kan Tagami Passes. Held Unprecedented One-on-One Private Meeting with Emperor Hirohito at Imperial Palace. Akaka Pays High Tribute"
1228:
1033:
59:
U.S. government-produced film attempting to defend the massive internment of Japanese Americans in detention camps during World War II. (Media from the
2090:
Swift, David W Jr., Ph.D.(2006, 2008) First Class: Nisei Linguists in World War II National Japanese American Historical Society, Inc., San Francisco.
718:, their awards were upgraded to Medals of Honor. In addition, one soldier who had received the Silver Star had his award upgraded to the Medal Honor.
494:
Over 5,000 Japanese Americans served in the occupation of Japan. Dozens of MIS graduates served as translators, interpreters, and investigators in the
3353:
3258:
2944:
2668:
2568:
2474:
2428:
992:
817:
383:
3322:
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2505:
1478:
1441:
1420:
467:
160:
136:
624:
363:
Brig. Gen. Frank Merrill, Commander of "Merrill's Marauders," poses between T/Sgt. Herbert Miyasaki and T/Sgt. Akiji Yoshimura. Burma. May 1, 1944.
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2531:
1284:
997:
977:
391:
280:
125:
117:
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2157:
1492:
514:. Arthur S. Komori served as personal interpreter for Brig. Gen. Elliot R. Thorpe. Kay Kitagawa served as personal interpreter of Fleet Admiral
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2003:
1979:
1941:
1910:
1883:
1867:
1321:
265:
212:
121:
904:, COMPACFLT, thanks Ralph Tomei, a 442nd veteran. Tomei represented his friend Shiro Aoki as French RADM Anne Cullere presents him with the
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2517:
1902:
1599:
3332:
2500:
1059:
982:
325:
207:
567:. Up to this point, the United States government has only been able to find records of five Japanese Americans who were members of the
498:. Thomas Sakamoto served as press escort during the occupation of Japan. He escorted American correspondents to Hiroshima, and the USS
371:(MIS). The first class received their training at the Presidio in San Francisco, but in June 1942 the MIS Language School was moved to
3372:
2372:
2278:
2115:
2058:
2031:
1414:
687:
475:
3300:
2433:
2413:
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1993:
1965:
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1116:
329:
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because military leaders and public opinion combined to fan unproven fears of sabotage. As the war progressed, many of the young
92:
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888:
Veterans from the 442nd Regimental Combat Team attend the World War II Nisei Veterans Program National Veterans Network tribute.
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to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the 100th Infantry Battalion, as well as the 6,000 Japanese Americans who served in the
3020:
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2736:
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96:
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Allowed" and "No Japs Wanted", the denial of service in shops and restaurants, and the vandalism of their homes and property.
251:
to serve in combat. A military board was convened in June 1942 to address the issue, but their final report opposed forming a
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3005:
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from U.S. soldiers unable to distinguish them from the Japanese and often encountering former friends on the battlefield.
368:
321:
110:
43:
35:
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invited Nisei into their ranks, however they did not offer the same facilities and benefits as the larger organizations.
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874:
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197:
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3000:
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President Truman salutes the colors of the 442nd during the presentation of their seventh Presidential Unit Citation.
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3010:
2995:
2822:
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2293:
792:
471:
177:
106:
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The majority of Japanese Americans serving in the American Armed Forces during World War II enlisted in the army.
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southwards from Dachau towards the Austrian border were found by troops of the 522nd just west of the village of
333:
285:
132:
128:
1356:
1019:"Nisei served in U.S. Army Air Corps, Navy, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Merchant Marines during World War II"
3275:
2842:
2837:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2653:
1098:
722:
661:
531:
487:
256:
224:
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386:(ATIS) as linguists and in other non-combatant roles, interpreting captured enemy documents and interrogating
1225:
1018:
3208:
3187:
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2827:
853:
760:
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but were told to wait for back up since the SS were still in the towers.<ref. Charles B. Feibleman>
228:
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1062:. United States Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Center of Military History. Archived from
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recruits in early 1942. However, community leaders in Hawaii as well as Japanese-American leaders like
163:
was engaged in heavy action during the war taking part in multiple campaigns. The 100th was made up of
75:
3290:
3194:
3152:
3138:
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2615:
2610:
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1638:"American Legion post apologizes to Nisei veterans, acknowledges role in Hood River's 'ugly history'"
1618:
1401:
423:
2077:
1875:
Go for Broke: The Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany, Japan, and American Bigotry,
1340:
255:
unit, citing "the universal distrust in which they are held." Despite resistance from military and
3145:
3119:
3104:
832:
674:
439:
2011:
Foo, a Japanese-American Prisoner of the Rising Sun: The Secret Prison Diary of Frank "Foo" Fujita
1998:
Inada, Lawson Fusao: Legends from camp : poems, Minneapolis : Coffee House Press, 1993,
3285:
2648:
1772:
828:
812:
808:
515:
460:
181:
88:
60:
763:, commemorates the Japanese Americans who served in the United States Army during World War II.
42:
soldiers from this Center who were killed in action in Italy. The service was attended by 1,500
1195:
1164:
2469:
2354:
2121:
2111:
2091:
2064:
2054:
2037:
2027:
1999:
1989:
1975:
1961:
1937:
1920:
1906:
1886:
1879:
1863:
1410:
1317:
777:
519:
1896:
1537:
1063:
3201:
2143:
1403:
Nisei Linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II
901:
741:
669:
431:
419:
30:
2079:
Nisei Linguists:Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service during World War II
3114:
3050:
2980:
2494:
2303:
2239:
1538:"Herbert Seijin Ginoza | Japanese American Military Experience Database | Discover Nikkei"
1232:
1149:
932:
The American plaque commemorating the 442nd in both English and French in Bruyères, France
905:
665:
637:
568:
446:
387:
176:
for combat training. Their exemplary military record, and the patriotic activities of the
523:
2150:"'Merrill's Marauders,' Nisei helped shorten World War II (part 5) by COL Renita Foster"
1898:
Rising Sons: The Japanese American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II.
1524:
Rising Sons: The Japanese-American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II,
1372:
2308:
715:
711:
703:
527:
463:
442:
435:
427:
403:
244:
17:
2165:
920:
The American monument in Bruyères honoring the Japanese Americans serving in the 442nd
3366:
3337:
2990:
2970:
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2642:
2104:
2020:
1917:
U.S. Samurais in Bruyeres – People of France and Japanese Americans: Incredible story
1457:
1310:
1305:
1266:
479:
407:
396:
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343:
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749:
332:, was surrounded by hundreds of sub-camps. Only three days later, the survivors of
236:
84:
1685:
2231:
633:
564:
552:
372:
173:
2140:
Snapshot albums of Japanese Americans in the 442nd Infantry during World War II
1724:
https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Congressional%20Medal%20of%20Honor%20recipients
1669:"Paratroop Leader Condemns Post 51's Discrimination Against Japanese Americans"
316:. Hurlach was one of 169 subordinate slave labor camps of Dachau. Dachau, like
3215:
3109:
2985:
2539:
1873:
773:
576:
337:
169:
2125:
2068:
470:
in January 1944, fourteen MIS linguists were assigned to the unit, including
346:
in his recent book 'Dachau, Holocaust and US Samurais' writes that the first
3173:
1099:
https://encyclopedia.densho.org/1399th%20Engineer%20Construction%20Battalion
646:"You fought not only the enemy, but you fought prejudice--and you have won."
503:
402:
Japanese-American MIS linguists translated Japanese documents known as the "
2051:
Going for Broke: Japanese American Soldiers in the War against Nazi Germany
2041:
571:
during World War II, one of them being Kenje Ogata. There was at least one
1890:
873:
Monument to the men of the 100th Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team,
551:
Japanese Americans were generally forbidden to fight a combat role in the
192:
2731:
1960:, Rutland ; Vermont ; Tokyo, Japan : Charles E. Tuttle, ,
1835:
38:
raise the flag to half-mast during a Memorial Service for the first six
2166:"OSS Detachment 101, CBI Theater By Ralph Yempuku, Col., USAR, Retired"
1267:"USHMM photos of Waakirchen with 522nd personnel and rescued prisoners"
556:
313:
1769:"Congressional Gold Medal Presented to Nisei Soldiers of World War II"
506:. Sakamoto was one of three Japanese Americans to be on board the USS
71:
A U.S. soldier and his mother in Florin, Sacramento County, California
2022:
Yankee Samurai: The Secret Role of Nisei in America's Pacific Victory
956:
List of Japanese American servicemen and servicewomen in World War II
201:
1860:
Just Americans: How Japanese American Won a War at Home and Abroad.
522:. Journalist Don Caswell was accompanied by a Nisei interpreter to
1934:
Dachau, Holocaust and US Samurais – Nisei Soldiers first in Dachau
1312:
Dachau, Holocaust and US Samurais – Nisei Soldiers first in Dachau
623:
560:
358:
340:, and cared for them until dedicated medical personnel took over.
289:
206:
191:
101:
74:
66:
49:
29:
1944:
1927:
776:
has given four state highway segments honorary designations for
2564:
2235:
382:
Most of the MIS Language School graduates were attached to the
650:
2106:
Nisei Soldiers Break Their Silence: Coming Home to Hood River
3307:
Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II
2606:
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
1086:"522nd Field Artillery Battalion | Densho Encyclopedia"
972:
Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II
944:
Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II
738:
Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II
27:
Japanese Americans serving the United States in World War II
2225:"Delayed Recognition in the CBI Theater: A Common Problem?"
2189:"The Nisei Intelligence War Against Japan by Ted Tsukiyama"
1438:"The Nisei Intelligence War Against Japan by Ted Tsukiyama"
1281:"Central Europe Campaign – 522nd Field Artillery Battalion"
636:
south of the White House on July 15, 1946, where President
555:; although no such limitations were placed on Americans of
518:
Kan Tagami served as personal interpreter-aide for General
395:
dangerous and difficult conditions, sometimes coming under
3343:
Fred T. Korematsu Institute for Civil Rights and Education
2009:
Frank Fujita; Stanley L. Falk; Robert Wear (Dec 1, 2000).
721:
On October 5, 2010, Congress approved the granting of the
1822:"Honoring and Preserving the Memory of Our Fallen Heroes"
1060:"Patriots under Fire: Japanese Americans in World War II"
406:", which contained Japan's counterattack strategy in the
247:
soon began to push the Roosevelt administration to allow
1600:"Remarks Upon Presenting a Citation to a Nisei Regiment"
1179:
Unlikely Liberators: The Men of the 100th and the 442nd
731:
Nisei Soldiers of World War II Congressional Gold Medal
3328:
Bainbridge Island Japanese American Exclusion Memorial
526:, where the Japanese government imprisoned communists
139:, the 1399th Engineer Construction Battalion, and the
2284:
United States aircraft production during World War II
1249:
memorial website's map page of KZ-Dachau death march"
1165:"100th Infantry Battalion | Densho Encyclopedia"
606:
was only nine months old when it opened its ranks to
367:
Approximately 6,000 Japanese Americans served in the
1737:"White House honors Japanese American WWII veterans"
1117:"Japanese Americans in military during World War II"
3251:
3128:
3079:
2963:
2897:
2866:
2765:
2704:
2598:
2530:
2483:
2452:
2404:
2363:
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1181:(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987), p 56.
2103:
2019:
1795:"National Japanese American Memorial, (sculpture)"
1456:
1395:
1393:
1309:
768:National Japanese American Veterans Memorial Court
135:. Other Japanese-American units also included the
702:The nation's highest award for combat valor, the
2219:. Military Intelligence Service Research Center.
1711:"Nisei VFW Post Designated as Historic Landmark"
1357:"Military Intelligence Service Language School,"
1032:(3). Japanese American Veterans Association: 7.
733:was collectively presented on November 2, 2011.
496:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
3378:American military personnel of Japanese descent
1379:. National Japanese American Historical Society
1335:
1333:
3098:List of inmates of Topaz War Relocation Center
1217:
1215:
1213:
632:The 442nd marched down Constitution Avenue to
2576:
2247:
2084:United States Army Center of Military History
1153:DenshĹŤ, The Japanese American Legacy Project.
838:442nd Regimental Combat Team Memorial Highway
8:
3313:Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
2920:Fort Missoula Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1657:. Pacific Citizen. 8 August 1986. p. 3.
3388:American military personnel of World War II
2925:Fort Stanton Alien Enemy Detention Facility
2915:Fort Lincoln Alien Enemy Detention Facility
2910:Crystal City Alien Enemy Detention Facility
418:, in which the Japanese lost most of their
3318:Japanese Evacuation and Resettlement Study
2583:
2569:
2561:
2449:
2329:
2254:
2240:
2232:
1477:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
1440:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
988:Japanese-American life before World War II
575:, U.S. Army Air Forces Technical Sergeant
2945:Seagoville Alien Enemy Detention Facility
2475:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2227:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
2199:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
2191:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
2168:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
2160:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
2152:. Japanese American Veterans Association.
1878:Clearfield, Utah: American Legacy Media.
1138:
1136:
1134:
993:Japanese-American life after World War II
818:100th Infantry Battalion Memorial Highway
430:intercepted a message describing Admiral
384:Allied Translator and Interpreter Section
308:522nd liberated about 3,000 prisoners at
219:Meanwhile, an earlier decision to demote
2217:"Japanese American Veterans Association"
304:Holocaust historians have clarified the
3160:Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet
2940:Santa Fe Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1945:Hawai'i Army Museum – Museum in Waikiki
1928:Hawai'i Army Museum – Museum in Waikiki
1686:"Our Mission, Vision, & Principles"
1475:"Noted Nisei veteran Ken Tagami passes"
1110:
1108:
1106:
1009:
998:Nisei women translators in World War II
978:Day of Remembrance (Japanese Americans)
863:
2935:Kooskia Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1377:MIS Association of Northern California
858:Sadao S. Munemori Memorial Interchange
798:Military Intelligence Memorial Freeway
2930:Kenedy Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1988:, London : Penguin Books, 2004,
1563:"Japanese American women in military"
231:, and the Army stopped accepting new
131:one or more subcamps of the infamous
7:
3088:Category:Japanese-American internees
390:. Graduates from the MISLS included
3333:Japanese American Internment Museum
1820:Murakami, Kiley (3 November 2017).
1735:Steffen, Jordan (October 6, 2010).
983:Military history of Asian Americans
392:Japanese-American women translators
196:Painting depicting soldiers of the
2373:Hispanic Americans in World War II
2279:American music during World War II
2110:. University of Washington Press.
2018:Harrington, Joseph Daniel (1979).
2013:. University of North Texas Press.
1836:"Veterans Memorial Court Alliance"
1463:. MIS Club of Southern California.
688:Military Order of the Purple Heart
476:Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
466:deep behind Japanese lines in the
120:became the most decorated unit in
25:
3301:Japanese American National Museum
2378:Native Americans and World War II
1636:Hallman, Tom (11 November 2022).
1503:from the original on 9 April 2016
900:Pearl Harbor (2 July 2014). Adm.
547:Servicemen in the Army Air Forces
3026:Fort Sam Houston Internment Camp
2679:Military service in World War II
2592:Internment of Japanese Americans
2395:
2324:Internment of Japanese Americans
2053:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1617:Hosokawa, Bill (8 August 1973).
1585:"National Affairs: Go for Broke"
1481:from the original on 2017-04-05.
1444:from the original on 2017-04-05.
1426:from the original on 2010-10-11.
1341:"Military Intelligence Service,"
937:
925:
913:
893:
881:
866:
563:ancestry who fought against the
3021:Fort Richardson Internment Camp
2319:Internment of Italian Americans
1674:. Pacific Citizen. 25 May 1946.
1039:from the original on 2014-03-06
281:522nd Field Artillery Battalion
272:522nd Field Artillery Battalion
126:522nd Field Artillery Battalion
3383:United States Air Force airmen
2858:Woodland Civil Control Station
2314:Internment of German Americans
2299:New Mexico during World War II
1598:Truman, Harry (15 July 1946).
1587:. Time Magazine. 22 July 1946.
1409:. Government Printing Office.
1226:Central Europe Campaign, 522nd
1196:"442nd Regimental Combat Team"
594:Like their male counterparts,
434:'s flight plans, which led to
79:U.S. Army promotional pamphlet
1:
3006:Fort McDowell Internment Camp
2955:Tuna Canyon Detention Station
2793:Owens Valley Reception Center
2694:Military Intelligence Service
2383:Puerto Ricans in World War II
2340:Women Airforce Service Pilots
2263:United States in World War II
1872:Sterner, C. Douglas. (2007).
1713:. Rafu Shimpo. 27 April 2021.
1058:Shenkle, Kathryn (May 2006).
961:Lost Battalion (World War II)
727:Military Intelligence Service
369:Military Intelligence Service
355:Military Intelligence Service
141:Military Intelligence Service
111:United States Merchant Marine
36:Granada War Relocation Center
3036:Griffith Park Detention Camp
2950:Sharp Park Detention Station
2350:Woman's Land Army of America
2205:"Japanese Diet Called Farce"
2049:McCaffrey, James M. (2013).
1493:"Japanese Diet Called Farce"
1400:James C. McNaughton (2006).
844:The interchange between the
640:honored the regiment with a
416:Battle of the Philippine Sea
198:442nd Regimental Combat Team
188:442nd Regimental Combat Team
116:The 100th Battalion and the
46:internees on August 5, 1944.
3269:Civil Liberties Act of 1988
3223:When the Emperor was Divine
3093:List of inmates of Manzanar
3066:Sand Island Internment Camp
3001:Fort Howard Internment Camp
2905:Catalina Federal Honor Camp
2833:Santa Anita Assembly Center
2798:Parker Dam Reception Center
2289:Arizona during World War II
1986:When the emperor was divine
1652:"VFW commanders remembered"
1224:National Education Center:
1143:"Terminology and Glossary,"
684:American Veterans Committee
510:when the Japanese formally
147:Servicemen in the U.S. Army
3404:
3071:Stringtown Internment Camp
3046:Honouliuli Internment Camp
3016:Fort Lewis Internment Camp
3011:Fort Meade Internment Camp
2996:Fort Bliss Internment Camp
2823:Sacramento Assembly Center
2294:Nevada during World War II
2076:McNaughton, James (2006).
680:"Nisei Veterans Committee"
642:Presidential Unit Citation
589:
456:were organized to conduct
410:. This information led to
178:Varsity Victory Volunteers
107:United States Armed Forces
83:During the early years of
3373:Japanese-American history
3351:
3061:Lordsburg Internment Camp
3031:Fort Sill Internment Camp
2867:Citizen Isolation centers
2545:Destroyers-for-bases deal
2443:Medal of Honor recipients
2393:
2174:"Personal Justice Denied"
2026:. Pettigrew Enterprises.
1858:Asahina, Robert. (2007).
1840:memorialcourtalliance.org
1455:Ichinokuchi, Tad (1988).
1362:. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
1346:. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
706:, was conferred upon one
468:China-Burma-India Theater
286:Dachau concentration camp
133:Dachau concentration camp
3276:Renunciation Act of 1944
2843:Tanforan Assembly Center
2838:Stockton Assembly Center
2818:Puyallup Assembly Center
2813:Portland Assembly Center
2803:Pinedale Assembly Center
2689:100th Infantry Battalion
2664:Life before World War II
2654:War Relocation Authority
2532:Diplomatic participation
1932:Moulin, Pierre. (2007).
1915:Moulin, Pierre. (1993).
1862:New York: Gotham Books.
1690:Nisei Veterans Committee
1459:John Aiso and the M.I.S.
1316:. Authorhouse Editions.
875:Rohwer Memorial Cemetery
723:Congressional Gold Medal
488:War Relocation Authority
257:War Relocation Authority
161:100th Infantry Battalion
155:100th Infantry Battalion
137:100th Infantry Battalion
95:from their homes on the
3259:Redress and court cases
3209:Under the Blood Red Sun
3188:The Buddha in the Attic
2853:Turlock Assembly Center
2828:Salinas Assembly Center
2684:442nd Infantry Regiment
2669:Life after World War II
1017:James McIlwain (2012).
761:Los Angeles, California
658:veterans' organizations
118:442nd Infantry Regiment
18:Nisei Japanese American
3181:Snow Falling on Cedars
3167:Judgment Without Trial
2874:Leupp Isolation Center
2848:Tulare Assembly Center
2808:Pomona Assembly Center
2788:Merced Assembly Center
2778:Fresno Assembly Center
2773:Arboga Assembly Center
2465:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2406:Military participation
2102:Tamura, Linda (2012).
1936:Authorhouse Editions.
1542:www.discovernikkei.org
629:
534:, and Shiro Mitamura.
458:long range penetration
364:
216:
204:
80:
72:
64:
47:
3323:The Long Journey Home
3296:Go for Broke Monument
3264:Evacuation Claims Act
3234:List of feature films
3229:List of documentaries
3056:Kilauea Military Camp
3041:Haiku Internment Camp
2879:Moab Isolation Center
2783:Mayer Assembly Center
1919:Hawaii CPL Editions.
1895:Yenne, Bill. (2007).
1742:The Los Angeles Times
1565:. Densho Encyclopedia
1521:Yenne, Bill. (2007).
1198:. Densho Encyclopedia
1119:. Densho Encyclopedia
966:Go for Broke Monument
757:Go for Broke Monument
746:National Park Service
627:
362:
266:U.S. military history
210:
195:
122:U.S. military history
78:
70:
58:
33:
3291:Empty Chair Memorial
3195:The Invisible Thread
3153:Farewell to Manzanar
2898:Detention facilities
2884:Old Raton Ranch Camp
2616:Executive Order 9102
2611:Executive Order 9066
2144:The Bancroft Library
2082:. Washington, D.C.:
1958:In search of Hiroshi
1793:Smithsonian (2001).
729:during the war. The
424:Battle of Leyte Gulf
3146:Born Free and Equal
3120:Elaine Black Yoneda
3105:Estelle Peck Ishigo
3080:Notable incarcerees
2705:Concentration camps
2209:The Tuscaloosa News
2176:. National Archives
1619:"The Old Reminders"
1497:The Tuscaloosa News
1360:Densho Encyclopedia
1355:Nakamura, Kelli Y.
1344:Densho Encyclopedia
1339:Nakamura, Kelli Y.
1247:Todesmärsche Dachau
675:Nisei VFW Post 8985
486:against Japan. The
454:Merrill's Marauders
292:on April 29, 1945.
213:their comrades fell
3286:Fred Korematsu Day
3281:Day of Remembrance
2649:Lordsburg killings
2511:Japanese Americans
2345:Women's Army Corps
2086:. CMH Pub 70-99-1.
1824:. Pacific Citizen.
1773:United States Mint
1749:on October 7, 2010
1499:. 5 October 1945.
1255:on 3 October 2016.
1231:2009-11-25 at the
1148:2007-06-24 at the
630:
604:Women's Army Corps
590:Women's Army Corps
516:William Halsey Jr.
461:special operations
365:
217:
205:
182:liberation of Rome
89:Japanese Americans
81:
73:
65:
61:Prelinger Archives
48:
34:Boy Scouts at the
3360:
3359:
2558:
2557:
2526:
2525:
2506:Chinese Americans
2491:African Americans
2470:Normandy landings
2391:
2390:
2355:Rosie the Riveter
2211:. 5 October 1945.
2004:978-1-56689-004-5
1980:978-0-295-99404-8
1942:978-1-4259-3801-7
1911:978-0-312-35464-0
1884:978-0-9796896-1-1
1868:978-1-59240-300-4
1323:978-1-4259-3801-7
778:Japanese American
759:in Little Tokyo,
520:Douglas MacArthur
414:victories at the
56:
16:(Redirected from
3395:
3202:The Moved-Outers
3051:Kalaheo Stockade
2766:Assembly centers
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2518:Jewish Americans
2450:
2399:
2330:
2256:
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2087:
2072:
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2014:
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1806:
1790:
1784:
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1781:
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1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1745:. Archived from
1732:
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1715:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1682:
1676:
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1641:
1640:. The Oregonian.
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1296:
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1293:
1292:
1283:. Archived from
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1271:
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1263:
1257:
1256:
1251:. Archived from
1241:
1235:
1219:
1208:
1207:
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1055:
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1038:
1023:
1014:
941:
929:
917:
902:Harry Harris Jr.
897:
885:
870:
742:Washington, D.C.
710:during the war,
670:Virgil R. Miller
656:Initially, many
432:Isoroku Yamamoto
422:planes, and the
420:aircraft carrier
388:prisoners of war
288:system from the
200:fighting in the
109:, including the
57:
21:
3403:
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3398:
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3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3247:
3130:
3124:
3115:Isamu Shibayama
3075:
2981:Camp Livingston
2964:Army facilities
2959:
2893:
2862:
2761:
2700:
2594:
2589:
2559:
2554:
2522:
2501:Asian Americans
2495:Tuskegee Airmen
2479:
2460:List of battles
2448:
2400:
2387:
2359:
2328:
2304:G.I. Generation
2265:
2260:
2223:
2215:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2136:
2118:
2101:
2075:
2061:
2048:
2034:
2017:
2008:
1953:
1951:Further reading
1855:
1854:
1844:
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1834:
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1799:Inventory staff
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1233:Wayback Machine
1220:
1211:
1201:
1199:
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1150:Wayback Machine
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1069:
1067:
1066:on June 3, 2008
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1016:
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906:Legion of Honor
898:
889:
886:
877:
871:
856:is labeled the
793:State Route 118
696:
666:American Legion
622:
592:
569:Army Air Forces
553:Pacific theatre
549:
540:
447:Solomon Islands
438:fighter planes
408:Central Pacific
357:
274:
243:officials like
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2134:External links
2132:
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2117:978-0295992099
2116:
2099:
2088:
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2060:978-0806143378
2059:
2046:
2033:978-0933680111
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2015:
2006:
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1984:Julie Otsuka:
1982:
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1623:New York Times
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1604:Truman Library
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1429:
1416:978-1780390437
1415:
1389:
1373:"MIS Timeline"
1364:
1348:
1329:
1322:
1306:Moulin, Pierre
1297:
1272:
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1177:Duus, Masayo.
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1115:Niiya, Brian.
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789:U.S. Route 101
785:State Route 23
712:Sadao Munemori
704:Medal of Honor
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528:Tokuda Kyuichi
464:jungle warfare
436:P-38 Lightning
428:radio operator
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245:John J. McCloy
241:War Department
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124:. The related
91:were forcibly
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2994:
2992:
2991:Camp Florence
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2971:Camp Blanding
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2889:Camp Tulelake
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2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:0-14-100905-5
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
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1966:0-8048-1533-X
1963:
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1925:2-9599984-0-5
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1801:. Smithsonian
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1561:Sato, Marie.
1557:
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1298:
1287:on 2016-03-20
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1192:Odo, Franklin
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1026:JAVA Advocate
1020:
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994:
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855:
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847:
843:
840:
839:
835:is named the
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:is named the
814:
810:
806:
803:
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799:
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779:
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771:
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685:
681:
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671:
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647:
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639:
635:
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620:After the war
619:
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480:Roy Matsumoto
477:
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462:
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455:
450:
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441:
440:shooting down
437:
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421:
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409:
405:
400:
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397:friendly fire
393:
389:
385:
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378:
377:Fort Snelling
374:
370:
361:
354:
352:
349:
345:
344:Pierre Moulin
341:
339:
335:
334:a death march
331:
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2976:Camp Forrest
2678:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2550:Project Hula
2510:
2429:Marine Corps
2208:
2178:. Retrieved
2105:
2078:
2050:
2021:
2010:
1985:
1971:
1970:John Okada:
1957:
1956:Gene Oishi:
1933:
1916:
1897:
1874:
1859:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:
1830:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1775:. 2011-11-02
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1740:
1730:
1719:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1663:
1646:
1631:
1622:
1612:
1603:
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1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1469:
1458:
1450:
1432:
1402:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1311:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1275:
1261:
1253:the original
1246:
1239:
1222:Go for Broke
1221:
1200:. Retrieved
1186:
1178:
1173:
1159:
1152:
1121:. Retrieved
1094:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1029:
1025:
1012:
970:
857:
852:freeways in
836:
816:
796:
772:
765:
754:
750:World War II
735:
720:
707:
701:
697:
679:
660:such as the
655:
645:
631:
612:
607:
599:
595:
593:
582:
581:
572:
550:
541:
538:Akune Family
532:Yoshio Shiga
524:Fuchū Prison
507:
499:
493:
484:
472:Army Rangers
451:
401:
381:
366:
347:
342:
310:Kaufering IV
305:
303:
293:
277:
275:
260:
252:
248:
237:Mike Masaoka
232:
229:Pearl Harbor
223:soldiers to
220:
218:
164:
158:
150:
115:
100:
85:World War II
82:
39:
2629:Hirabayashi
2098:(PAPERBACK)
1507:23 November
854:Los Angeles
694:Recognition
634:the Ellipse
565:Axis powers
512:surrendered
373:Camp Savage
330:RavensbrĂĽck
239:along with
174:Camp Shelby
3367:Categories
3216:Weedflower
3139:Allegiance
3129:Literature
3110:Ralph Lazo
2986:Camp McCoy
2712:Gila River
2674:Propaganda
2599:Key topics
2540:Lend-Lease
2484:Minorities
2365:Minorities
2271:Home front
2180:2013-10-14
1901:New York:
1779:2020-05-30
1753:October 9,
1569:31 October
1547:2017-11-10
1383:2020-02-29
1291:2015-01-12
1202:31 October
1123:30 October
1043:21 January
1004:References
780:soldiers:
774:California
716:overlooked
577:Ben Kuroki
338:Waakirchen
326:Mauthausen
322:Buchenwald
170:Camp McCoy
97:West Coast
3174:No-No Boy
2757:Tule Lake
2636:Korematsu
2126:783520848
2069:814707444
1972:No-no Boy
1903:Macmillan
1891:141855086
504:Tokyo Bay
478:inductee
445:over the
443:his plane
426:. An MIS
318:Auschwitz
225:4-C class
129:liberated
93:relocated
3354:Category
3131:and arts
2737:Minidoka
2732:Manzanar
2418:Uniforms
1501:Archived
1479:Archived
1442:Archived
1421:Archived
1308:(2007).
1229:Archived
1146:Archived
1034:Archived
950:See also
827:between
807:between
787:between
664:and the
644:saying,
508:Missouri
500:Missouri
2717:Granada
2659:History
2042:5184099
1845:25 July
1695:22 July
1526:p. 140.
833:Manteca
561:Italian
314:Hurlach
3252:Legacy
2747:Rohwer
2742:Poston
2727:Jerome
2453:Events
2124:
2114:
2094:
2067:
2057:
2040:
2030:
2002:
1992:
1978:
1964:
1940:
1923:
1909:
1889:
1882:
1866:
1805:14 Feb
1413:
1320:
1070:6 June
829:Salida
813:Madera
809:Fresno
638:Truman
557:German
412:Allied
404:Z Plan
202:Vosges
44:Amache
3086:See:
2752:Topaz
2622:Yasui
1672:(PDF)
1655:(PDF)
1424:(PDF)
1407:(PDF)
1037:(PDF)
1022:(PDF)
850:I-405
846:I-105
744:is a
708:Nisei
613:Nisei
608:Nisei
600:Nisei
596:Nisei
583:Nisei
573:Nisei
452:When
348:Nisei
306:Nisei
294:Nisei
290:Nazis
278:Nisei
261:Nisei
253:Nisei
249:Nisei
233:Nisei
221:Nisei
165:Nisei
102:Nisei
40:Nisei
2434:Navy
2414:Army
2122:OCLC
2112:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2065:OCLC
2055:ISBN
2038:OCLC
2028:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1887:OCLC
1880:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1847:2023
1807:2011
1755:2010
1697:2023
1571:2014
1509:2016
1411:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1204:2014
1125:2014
1072:2014
1045:2013
848:and
831:and
811:and
791:and
766:The
755:The
736:The
686:and
651:Japs
474:and
328:and
276:The
159:The
740:in
662:VFW
559:or
502:in
312:in
3369::
2207:.
2142:,
2120:.
2063:.
2036:.
1905:.
1838:.
1797:.
1771:.
1739:.
1688:.
1621:.
1602:.
1540:.
1495:.
1419:.
1392:^
1375:.
1332:^
1212:^
1194:.
1133:^
1105:^
1030:XX
1028:.
1024:.
752:.
530:,
482:.
449:.
379:.
324:,
320:,
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184:.
143:.
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2183:.
2128:.
2071:.
2044:.
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1757:.
1699:.
1625:.
1606:.
1573:.
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1511:.
1386:.
1326:.
1294:.
1269:.
1245:"
1206:.
1167:.
1127:.
1088:.
1074:.
1047:.
908:.
860:.
841:;
821:;
801:.
215:.
63:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
