Niqāb - Knowledge (XXG)

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to show her face to a camera in a private room with only a female employee to take the picture, in exchange for the privilege of driving. The prevailing view in Florida is currently that hiding one's face on a form of photo identification defeats the purpose of having the picture taken, although 15 other states (including Arkansas, California, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, and Louisiana) have provisions that allow for driver's licenses absent of an identifying photograph in order to accommodate individuals who may have a religious reason to not have a photograph taken. In 2012, a string of armed robberies in

1973: 1989: 1766:, West Yorkshire, who lost her appeal against suspension from her job for wearing the niqab while teaching English to young children. It was decided that being unable to see her face prevented the children from learning effectively. Azmi, who had been interviewed and hired for the position without the niqab, allegedly on her husband's advice, argued it was helping the children understand different people's beliefs. In 2010, a man committed a bank robbery wearing a niqab as a disguise. 1431: 1957: 1848:, who is the first Indigenous person to be named as Justice Minister, explained as she withdrew Harper's appeal to the Supreme Court, "In all of our policy as a government we will ensure that we respect the values that make us Canadians, those of diversity, inclusion and respect for those fundamental values." The Justice Minister spoke with Zunera by telephone to tell her the news prior to making her official announcement. 928: 1688:. Solberg also views the wearing of the niqab as a challenge to social boundaries in the Norwegian society, a challenge that would be countered by Norway setting boundaries of its own. Solberg also stated that anyone may wear what they wish in their spare time and that her comments applied to professional life but that any immigrant has the obligation to adapt to Norwegian work life and culture. 1050:, (Act Prohibiting Concealment of the Face in Public Space). This act outlawed the wearing of clothing that covers one's face in any public space. Violators of the ban on veils and coverings are liable to fines of up to 150 euros and mandatory classes on French citizenship. Anyone found to have forced a woman to wear a religious covering faces up to two years in prison as well as a €60,000 fine. 7133: 400: 1360:, etc.) the vast majority of women cover their faces. The Saudi niqab usually leaves a long open slot for the eyes; the slot is held together by a string or narrow strip of cloth. In 2008, the Mohammad Habadan, a religious authority in Mecca, reportedly called on women to wear veils that reveal only one eye, so that women would not be encouraged to use eye make-up. 1293:, as incompatible with his ambitions to westernize the citizens of Iran and their traditional historical culture. Reza Shah ordered the police to arrest women who wore the niqab and hijab and to remove their face veils by force. This policy outraged the clerics who believed it was obligatory for women to cover their faces. Many women gathered at the 1874:

identity. The chief electoral officer received complaints that this policy was too accommodating of cultural minorities (a major theme in the election) and thereafter required accompaniment by bodyguards due to threatening telephone calls. All three major Quebec political parties were against the policy, with the

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vying for position as most opposed. The policy was soon changed to require all voters to show their face, even if they did not carry photo ID. However, Quebec residents who wear the niqāb stated they were not opposed to showing their faces for official purposes, such as voting. Salam Elmenyawi of the

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The niqāb became an issue in the 2007 election in Quebec after it became public knowledge that women wearing the niqāb were allowed to vote under the same rules as electors who did not present photo identification (ID); namely, by sworn oath in the presence of a third party who could vouch for their

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gained national attention in 2003 when she sued the US state of Florida for the right to wear a niqab for her driver's license photo. However, a Florida circuit court ruled there was no violation in the state requiring her to show her face to a camera in a private room with only a female employee to

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The niqab is outlawed in Azerbaijan, where the overwhelming majority of the population is Muslim. Niqabi women, just like women wearing hijab, cannot work as public servants, neither can they continue studies at schools, including the private schools. Although there is no single law banning niqab at

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is a relatively new style from Pakistan, which consists of a large triangular scarf with two additional pieces. A thin band on one edge is tied behind the head so as to keep the chador on, and then another larger rectangular piece is attached to one end of the triangle and is worn over the face, and

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consider the niqab as not compulsory for practicing Muslim women. Though similar, the niqab is distinct from the burqa by way of the eyes: a niqab does not cover the eyes, varies in the thickness of the material used, and has visible sleeves; but a burqa is elaborately designed with thicker material

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In 2002, Sultaana Freeman (formerly Sandra Keller, who converted to Islam in 1997 when marrying a Muslim man), sued the U.S. state of Florida for the right to wear a niqab for her driver's license photo. However, a Florida appellate court ruled that there was no violation in the state requiring her

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passed into law after a 66–51 vote in the Quebec National Assembly. The new law is entitled "An Act to foster adherence to State religious neutrality and, in particular, to provide a framework for requests for accommodation on religious grounds in certain bodies". However, regulations regarding the

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passed a law requiring people to "stick to traditional national clothes and culture", which has been widely seen as an attempt to prevent women from wearing traditional Islamic clothing, in particular the style of headscarf wrapped under the chin, in contrast to the traditional Tajik headscarf tied

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1,200 niqab-wearing teachers were transferred to administrative duties in the summer of 2010 in Syria because the face veil was undermining the secular policies followed by the state as far as education is concerned. In the summer of 2010, students wearing the niqab were prohibited from registering

562:, which flourished greatly throughout the late 20th century. It also consolidated the newfound religious and cultural dominance of Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia over the Arab countries as a whole, effectively serving as a social countermeasure to the religious and cultural influence of Shia-majority 1572:

forbids face-covering Muslim veils in all public places in France and calls for fines or citizenship classes, or both. The bill also is aimed at husbands and fathers – anyone convicted of forcing someone else to wear the garb risks a year of prison and a fine, with both penalties, doubled if the

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to regulate "the wearing of symbols indicating religious affiliation in public educational establishments". This law forbids all emblems that outwardly express a specific religious belief to be worn in French public schools. This law was proposed because the Stasi Commission, a committee that is

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completely covers the face. It consists of an upper band that is tied around the forehead, together with a long wide piece of fabric which covers the face, leaving an opening for the eyes. Many full niqab have two or more sheer layers attached to the upper band, which can be worn flipped down to

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was to prevent crime or terrorism. The law allows for exemptions for a "justified cause", which has sometimes been interpreted by courts as including religious reasons for wearing a veil, but others – including local governments – disagree and claim religion is not a "justified cause" in this

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specifically, although the niqab is not individually targeted, it falls within the scope of legislation which bans the wearing of any religious items (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist) in state schools (universities are not affected), and another ban on face coverings (which also

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face-covering was approved by parliament. On 26 June 2018, a partial ban on face covering (including niqabs) on public transport and in buildings and associated yards of educational institutions, governmental institutions and healthcare institutions was enacted, with a number of exceptions.

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in August 2018 to a woman dressed in a niqab who was in a fistfight with another woman on an escalator in a shopping centre. During the fight, her face-covering veil fell off, but as police approached, she put it on again and police issued the fine. Both women were suspected of public order

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planned a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing, popularly described as the 'burqa ban', which included the niqab. In 2015, a partial ban of the niqab and burqa were approved by the Dutch government. The parliament still had to approve the measure. In November 2016, the legal ban on

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spent a semester in 2005 wearing a niqab for a class project (she referred to the face veil as a "burqa"). Her stated experiences, such as her own feeling as if no one wanted to be near her, led her to assert that conservative Muslim dress is disapproved of in the United States.

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The niqab is banned in the Canadian province of Quebec in all publicly funded services. Persons cannot receive public service or provide public service with their faces covered. This includes public transportation, hospitals, and courts amongst others. On 18 October 2017,

1520:) agreed to adopt a law prohibiting people to wear "attire and clothing masking the face in such a way that it impairs recognizability". A full ban on both niqabs and burqas was announced on 31 May 2018. The ban came into force on 1 August 2018 and carries a fine of 1000 1673:

denied a student's use of niqab in the classroom. The professor claimed Norway's parliament granted each teacher the right to deny the use of niqab in his/her classroom. Clothing that covers the face, such as a niqab, is prohibited in some schools and municipalities.

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Most Islamic scholars and most contemporary Islamic jurists have agreed that women are not required to cover their face. There exist a number of reasons why women may cover their face in public, and this practice must be understood within a particular social context.

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became much less common and instead most religious women wore headscarves only. Fashionable hotels and restaurants refused to admit women wearing niqabs. High schools and universities actively discouraged or even banned the niqab, though the headscarf was tolerated.

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The Moroccan government distributed letters to businesses on 9 January 2017 declaring a ban on the burka. The letters indicated the "sale, production and import" or the garment were prohibited and businesses were expected to clear their stock within 48 hours.

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believe no part of the skin should be visible other than the area immediately around the eyes or because they do not want to be put in a position where they would touch the hand of an unrelated man (for instance, when accepting change from a cashier). Most

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In modern Iran, the wearing of niqab is not common and is only worn by certain ethnic minorities and a minority of Arab Muslims in the southern Iranian coastal cities, such as Bandar Abbas, Minab and Bushehr. Some women in the Arab-populated province of

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has a complex and long history. On 8 October 2009, Egypt's top Islamic school and the world's leading school of Sunni Islam, Al-Azhar, banned the wearing of the niqab in classrooms and dormitories of all its affiliate schools and educational institutes.

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that he had been deliberately deceived by the bride's mother, who had shown him photographs of the bride's sister. He only discovered this when he lifted the niqab to kiss his bride. The court annulled the marriage, but refused a claim for compensation.

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Although the French law addresses other religious symbols – not just Islamic headscarves and face coverings – the international debate has been centered around the impact it has on Muslims because of the growing population in Europe, especially

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that covers the woman's entire body figure and face, lacking sleeves (i.e., keeping the entire body under the uniform cloth) and having a mesh screen to obfuscate the eyes. While the niqab is more widespread, the burqa is largely limited to

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Ch. 17. Tertullian, who never gone in Arabia writes, "The pagan women of Arabia, who not only cover their head but their whole face, so that they would rather enjoy half the light with one eye free than prostitute the face, will judge you.

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In June 2018, the parliament of Norway passed a bill banning clothing covering the face at educational institutions as well as daycare centres, which included face-covering Islamic veils. The prohibition applies to pupils and staff alike.

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supposed to enforce secularity in French society, was forced to deal with frequent disputes about headscarves in French public schools, as outsiders of the practice did not understand the scarves' purpose and therefore felt uncomfortable.

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declared that France's ban disproportionately harmed the right of women to manifest their religious beliefs, and could have the effects of "confining them to their homes, impeding their access to public services and marginalizing them."

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adopted a law prohibiting people to wear "attire and clothing masking the face in such a way that it impairs recognizability". The penalty for violating this directive can run from up to 14 days imprisonment and a 250 euro fine.

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cover the eyes or left over the top of the head. While a person looking at a woman wearing a niqab with an eyeveil would not be able to see her eyes, the woman wearing the niqab would be able to see out through the thin fabric.

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In March 2021, a nationwide referendum was held on whether full-face coverings should be banned in public, which includes niqabs and burqas. Voters narrowly voted to ban niqabs and burqas by a 51.2% to 48.8% margin.

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In Italy, a law issued in 1975 strictly forbids wearing any attire in public that could hide the face of a person. Penalties (fines and imprisonment) are provided for such behaviour. The original purpose of the

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were committed by people disguised in traditional Islamic woman's garb; Muslim leaders were concerned that the use of the disguises could put Muslim women in danger of hate crimes and inflame ethnic tensions.

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banned the face veil including the burqa after two women dressed in the religious garments completed a suicide attack killing 13. This was also done in order to counter extremism in public and places of work.

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were not opposed to the decision. The Conservative federal Cabinet had introduced legislation to parliament that would bar citizens from voting if they arrived at polling stations with a veiled face.

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Between 1941 and 1979 wearing the niqab and hijab was no longer against the law, but it was considered by the government to be a "badge of backwardness." During these years, wearing the niqab and

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decision in her favour was seen by some as "an opportunity to revisit the rules governing the somewhat difficult relationship between law and policy." In October 2015 Harper had appealed the

4675: 2004: 875:. It is considered a fairly easy form of headscarf to wear, as there are no pins or fasteners; it is simply pulled over the head. Gloves are also sometimes worn with the niqab, because many 1936:

In May 2010, an armed robbery committed by a man wearing a face veil and sunglasses raised calls to ban the Islamic veil; a request for new legislation was dismissed by both Prime Minister

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Svaren innebär att motståndet i Sverige mot Burka och Niqab är kompakt, 84,4 respektive 81,6 procent anser att de är ganska eller helt oacceptabla. Motståndet har åter ökat något.

4191: 3374: 2527: 3063: 4171: 3089: 4782: 2830: 871:, a semi-circular flare of fabric with an opening for the face and a small triangular underscarf. A khimar is usually bust-level or longer, and can also be worn without the 4760: 1611:

who wore the garment to school for years and refused to take it off. Since she has completed her schooling, the law was instituted to prevent similar cases in the future.

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stated in an interview that in Norwegian work environments it is essential to see each other's faces and therefore anyone who insists on wearing a niqab is in practice

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Judicabunt vos Arabiae feminae ethnicae quae non caput, sed faciem totam tegunt, ut uno oculo liberato contentae sint dimidiam frui lucem quam totam faciem prostituere

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Since antiquity, the Arab tradition of wearing the niqab has been practiced by women living in Yemen. Traditionally, girls begin wearing veils in their teenage years.

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during the same time period, when the niqab was increasingly worn by Egyptian women who had imported the custom from their time as expats in the Arabian Peninsula.

3530: 4895: 3650:"Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times: "A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen"" 344: 4350: 2115: 1207:

banned the face veil in order to counter extremism. The decision was announced by El Hadji Djibril Bopaka, the president of the country's Islamic High Council.

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In July 2019, wearing the niqab was banned in government buildings. The ban came after the capital Tunis was attacked by three suicide bombings in seven days.

5134: 4814: 4672:"Justin Trudeau's government drops controversial niqab appeal: Zunera Ishaq says move is a 'very good gesture from the government in supporting minorities'" 1988: 3751: 1972: 593:

outside of the Arabian Peninsula have come to regard the niqab "as a symbol of encroaching fundamentalism" upon their religious freedoms. For instance, in

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estimated that only 10 to 15 Muslim voters in the province wear the niqāb and, since their veils have become controversial, most would probably not vote.

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BBC: "Robber wearing niqab targets Birmingham Lloyds TSB bank – A man wearing a niqab face veil has robbed a security guard outside a bank in Birmingham"

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is a simple length of fabric with elastic or ties and is worn around the face. This garment typically leaves the eyes and part of the forehead visible.

4320: 3675: 1734:. The largest Islamic community organisation in Switzerland, the Islamic Central Council, recommended that Muslim women continue to cover their faces. 4635: 4005: 2853: 3499: 4529: 3975: 3859: 4806: 4671: 1708:

and 81% for the niqāb. The researchers noted these figures represented a compact resistance to the face-covering veil by the population of Sweden.

4618: 4035: 3804: 4909: 3553: 3141:"Congo-Brazzaville bans women from wearing full veil – Security reasons cited as the reason behind the ban, according to an Islamic association" 2584: 597:, where the presence of the niqab increased considerably in the 1990s, the Algerian public consciousness began associating the garment with the 3615: 2082: 383: 1956: 1416:, removed her niqab at a human rights conference in 2004 and since then has called for "other women and female activists to take theirs off". 5009: 3584: 1054: 892:

etc.) over their clothing, though some munaqabat in Western countries wear a long, loose tunic and skirt instead of a one-piece overgarment.

4832: 4228: 3140: 1524:, about 134 euro, by repeat offending the fine may reach 10 000 DKK. Then targets all garments that covers the face, such as fake beards or 7166: 5066: 3945: 191: 4428: 2738: 3362: 1381:

for university classes. The ban was associated with a move by the Syrian government to re-affirm Syria's traditional secular atmosphere.

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There are currently 16 states that have banned the niqab and burqa, both Muslim-majority countries and non-Muslim countries, including

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parliament. Also in 2017, a legal ban on face-covering clothing for car and truck drivers was approved by German Ministry of Traffic.

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found that Swedes believed that face-covering Islamic veils are either completely unacceptable or fairly unacceptable, 85% for the

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has been banned by legislation in several countries, including a number of Muslim-majority countries. A significant amount of

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In December 2019, the municipality of Skurup banned Islamic veils in educational institutions. Earlier, the municipality of

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Some Muslim Palestinian women, particularly students, have worn white niqabs during Arab protest activities relating to the

4119: 3888: 3224: 3037: 2997: 2470: 1867: 330: 3915: 3269: 1855: 1789: 1092:. The woman had worn a niqab on the occasions that the couple had met prior to the wedding. The ambassador informed the 519: 262: 4887: 3653: 2640: 2301: 2244: 1809: 1797: 1329: 1108: 1027: 4342: 2107: 1607:) banned the burqa along with the niqab in public schools. This change in the law was prompted by a Muslim pupil in 550:. Sponsorship by Saudi Arabia of mosques throughout many Muslim-majority countries led to the increased adoption of 7104: 1596:

approved a legal ban on face-covering clothing for teachers, state workers and students at university and schools.

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over the wearing of the "veil" (niqab), in October 2006. Around that time there was media coverage of the case of

1116: 851:, a long pleated gown that extends from the head to the feet with a small crocheted grille over the face. The Pak 7176: 6437: 186: 4139: 1884: 7191: 7161: 7099: 1891: 1678: 558:

globally, resulting in the rise of the niqab as one of the more noticeable consequences of the Saudi strain of

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After the new government of 'Islamic Republic' was established, the niqab ban was not enforced by officials.

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take the picture, in exchange for the privilege of driving. The ruling was affirmed by the appellate court.

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banned face-covering veils for pupils, which extended the ban which was already in force for school staff.

1450: Local ban – women are banned from wearing full-face veils by legislation in certain cities or regions 7109: 6442: 5086: 4372: 2806:. Echo Online: A Reflection of the English Michigan University Community: The Eastern Echo. Archived from 2409: 1581:

In 2017, a legal ban on face-covering clothing for soldiers and state workers during work was approved by

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banned face veils in order to counter extremism. The Chinese government later expanded the ban to all of

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In September 2018, a ban on face-covering veils was approved with a 67% vote in favour in the canton of

1537: 1529: 1528:. Supporters of the ban claim that the ban facilitates integration of Muslims into Danish society while 1204: 1127: 984: 657:; this word is used both as a noun and as an adjective. However, the more correct form grammatically is 5039: 4615: 2270: 1875: 4913: 3592: 3561: 1166:

banned the wearing of full-face veils, including the niqab, for female public servants while at work.

7082: 6142: 5129: 5049: 3370: 2576: 2431: 1859: 1845: 1793: 1615: 1568:'s lower house of parliament overwhelmingly approved a ban on wearing burqa-style Islamic veils. The 1525: 1490:(ECHR) after having been challenged by two Muslim women who claimed their rights had been infringed. 1093: 570: 3623: 6951: 5519: 5429: 5124: 4088:"Islamic face veil to be banned in Latvia despite being worn by just three women in entire country" 3486: 3366: 308: 1909:

ruled that Muslim women who wear the niqāb must remove it in some cases when testifying in court.

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that Muslim women must remove niqābs throughout the citizenship ceremony where they declare their

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and other facial veils worn by Muslim women around the world. The two most common forms are the

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in order to cover their entire body and face, excluding their eyes. It is an interpretation in

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called for a ban on burqa and niqāb, saying that they have "no basis in Islam". Spokesperson

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On 6 April 2011 it was reported that teachers would be allowed to once again wear the niqab.

1279: 542:, would quickly come to mold the Saudis' ideological response to the religious zeal that the 7119: 6976: 6907: 6892: 6521: 6230: 5676: 5639: 5514: 5449: 5407: 5255: 2542: 1851: 1724: 1532:

claimed the ban violated women's rights. A protest numbering 300-400 people was held in the

1511: 1456: Partial ban – women are banned from wearing full-face veils in some specific locations 1294: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1100: 468: 429: 172: 37: 3461: 2666: 2108:"Pauline Hanson's Senate stunt shows why we need to confront the ideology behind the burqa" 499:, the niqab is a controversial clothing item in many parts of the world, including in some 7181: 7137: 7065: 7018: 6827: 6683: 6605: 6568: 6504: 6235: 6147: 6132: 6084: 6003: 5998: 5953: 5870: 5848: 5549: 5509: 5265: 5217: 4789: 4622: 4600: 4593: 4560: 4501: 4175: 4123: 3737: 3645: 3190: 3162: 3158:"Republic of Congo bans full-face veils in attempt to prevent religious extremist attacks" 3001: 2305: 2230: 1899: 1600: 1413: 1036: 1019: 727: 714: 701: 688: 680: 672: 664: 651: 586: 559: 555: 456: 318: 5963: 760:, face veiling was common among women of various religious backgrounds. The Roman author 2641:"France: Banning the niqab violated two Muslim women's freedom of religion – UN experts" 1640:

In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was proposed for adoption by the

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Other less common and more cultural or national forms of niqab include the Afghan style

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ban's implementation, and religious accommodations, are not expected until July 2018.

7150: 7070: 7060: 7033: 7023: 6993: 6964: 6551: 6514: 6489: 6484: 6371: 6079: 5983: 5978: 5875: 5865: 5860: 5816: 5554: 5544: 5489: 5350: 3805:"Fra i dag kan Ayesha få en bøde for at gå på gaden: 'Jeg tager aldrig min niqab af'" 3405: 2807: 1963: 1628: 1290: 1271: 1015: 578: 574: 531: 303: 211: 4421:"Mångfaldsbarometern 2012: Extremt negativa attityder permanentas och riskerar växa" 1902:, stating that wearing the burqa and niqāb is "a practice that marginalizes women." 1800:

of their right to do so. In December 2011 then-Citizenship and Immigration Minister

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The niqab is an important part of Saudi culture and in most Saudi cities (including

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announced a policy directive from the Federal Government under then-Prime Minister

1801: 1712: 1685: 1681: 1521: 1067: 1040: 927: 630: 589:. To some extent, this view is also present in the Muslim world, where a number of 511: 500: 406: 365: 293: 267: 1608: 1251: 1073:

private companies, it would be nearly impossible for a niqabi woman to find work.

83: 3860:"Hestehoveder og niqaber: Demonstranter dækker ansigtet til i protest mod forbud" 3776: 3246: 3216: 3111: 3029: 2994: 2457:

Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places

6998: 6959: 6693: 6688: 6653: 6573: 6479: 6354: 6334: 6329: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6240: 6223: 6203: 6198: 5958: 5906: 5896: 5855: 5767: 5696: 5649: 5499: 5494: 5392: 5280: 5275: 5200: 4721:"The Niqab, the Oath of Citizenship, and the Blurry Line between Law and Policy" 4116: 3731:

Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and niqab in public places

1941: 1817: 1759: 1653: 1552: 1533: 1517: 1089: 1008: 992: 638: 527: 523: 489:, and is worn in public and in all other places where a woman may encounter non- 4783:"Elections Canada blasted for allowing Muslim women to vote with faces covered" 2055:, a cultural see-through veil worn by women over their face in Indian societies 6942: 6917: 6912: 6847: 6837: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6673: 6620: 6526: 6452: 6349: 6312: 6294: 6094: 6043: 5921: 5916: 5880: 5772: 5757: 5616: 5606: 5584: 5559: 5402: 5360: 5310: 5305: 5190: 2546: 1937: 1731: 1393: 1192: 1085: 968: 964: 761: 634: 547: 535: 390: 2804:"No one wanted to be near me: Student wears burqa throughout winter semester" 2083:"Behind the veil: why 122 women choose to wear the full face veil in Britain" 1336:

that women are not required to wear niqab or cover their hands or feet under

577:, the niqab has increasingly become the subject of negative attention in the 534:; the propagation of hardline Sunni Islamic doctrines from the oil-producing 7132: 6986: 6969: 6877: 6794: 6615: 6587: 6420: 6366: 6284: 6245: 6213: 6013: 5968: 5843: 5821: 5611: 5466: 5444: 5315: 5290: 5270: 3946:"CSU-Verkehrsminister Alexander Dobrindt will offenbar Burka-Verbot im Auto" 3649: 2297: 2052: 1317: 1286: 1081: 1004: 551: 399: 148: 63: 860:

wrapped, pinned or tied in a certain way so as to cover the wearer's face.

103: 3531:"Tajikstan [sic] passes law 'to stop Muslim women wearing hijabs'" 2041:, a swimsuit worn by Muslim women to conform to Islamic clothing standards 1498:

In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was adopted by the

1466:

In 2017, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was adopted by the

1408:

Acceptance of the niqab is not universal in Yemen. A senior member of the

1274:

era. There were many regional variations of niqab, which were also called

518:. However, since the late 1970s, it has spread throughout the rest of the 6922: 6867: 6842: 6799: 6784: 6713: 6663: 6658: 6635: 6610: 6600: 6595: 6563: 6546: 6447: 6398: 6361: 6289: 6279: 6188: 6180: 6127: 6069: 6038: 6018: 5926: 5752: 5735: 5710: 5671: 5666: 5589: 5539: 5534: 5476: 5365: 5355: 5295: 5247: 5222: 5173: 5168: 5145: 5102: 4861: 4603: 4061: 3834:"Joining other European countries, Denmark bans full-face veil in public" 3781: 3017:"Another African country bans Islamic veil for women over terror attacks" 1763: 1499: 1255: 1175: 976: 972: 605:; it was also protested by some Algerians as a byproduct of Saudi-backed 598: 581:, as it is commonly perceived by detractors as a visible sign of growing 247: 113: 108: 58: 3676:"Integration: Österreich stellt Tragen von Burka und Nikab unter Strafe" 1023:

includes carnival masks and motorbike helmets when not on a motorbike).

7089: 7055: 7028: 6872: 6857: 6852: 6822: 6771: 6761: 6756: 6703: 6648: 6625: 6464: 6410: 6405: 6317: 6274: 6074: 5725: 5631: 5459: 5419: 5412: 5300: 5285: 5205: 2038: 1821: 1781: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1467: 1337: 1298: 1163: 1000: 960: 952: 948: 944: 940: 906: 594: 590: 257: 163: 143: 138: 123: 73: 68: 2338:. The University of North Carolina Press (Kindle edition). p. 61. 1266:

The niqab was traditionally worn in Southern Iran from the arrival of

6927: 6882: 6804: 6789: 6746: 6643: 6536: 6474: 6459: 6339: 6109: 6059: 5988: 5564: 5434: 5345: 5327: 5260: 5232: 5212: 5195: 5185: 4006:"Burka-Streit: Niedersachsen verbietet Vollverschleierung an Schulen" 3976:"Burka-Verbot: Bayern verbietet Gesichtsschleier in vielen Bereichen" 3363:"Women not required to cover faces, hands and feet under Sharia: CII" 2915:"The eyes have it: Muslim women win role in Palestinian body politic" 2060: 2046: 1898:

cited public safety issues, such as identity concealment, as well as

1666: 1641: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1305: 1275: 956: 885: 868: 852: 491: 313: 277: 272: 158: 153: 128: 118: 88: 5055: 4496:"Muslims face fines up to £8,000 for wearing burkas in Switzerland" 2942:"Algerian bans female public servants from wearing full-face veils" 1301:

with their faces covered to show their objection to the niqab ban.

6932: 6862: 6558: 6531: 6469: 6393: 6322: 6262: 6089: 5993: 5940: 5789: 5529: 5504: 5387: 5377: 5322: 5153: 4036:"Baden-Württemberg verbietet Vollverschleierung in Klassenzimmern" 1979: 1705: 1435: 1429: 1333: 1267: 1123: 1077: 996: 988: 932: 910: 889: 848: 789: 625: 621: 614: 485: 480: 372: 298: 98: 78: 53: 31: 4807:"Muslim women will have to lift veils to vote in Quebec election" 3614:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

3583:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

3552:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

2049:, the practice of female seclusion in Hindu and Muslim societies 506:

Historically, the niqab was largely exclusive to Muslim women in

6902: 6779: 6751: 6721: 6541: 6415: 6161: 5794: 5626: 5237: 5227: 4937:"Islamic attire used as disguise in Philadelphia bank robberies" 2432:"France's burqa ban: women are 'effectively under house arrest'" 1289:, banned all variations of face veil and veils in 1936 known as 1188: 980: 563: 507: 5075: 4343:"Erna Solberg: – Du får ikke jobb hos meg hvis du har nikab på" 1195:

bombers disguised as women completed multiple suicide attacks.

1048:

Loi Interdisant La Dissimulation Du Visage Dans L'espace Public

6033: 5180: 5158: 4579: 4346: 1788:

On 16 November 2015 the first act of Canada's newly appointed

4636:"Answers to some key questions on Quebec's face-covering law" 2995:

BBC: "Cameroon bans Islamic face veil after suicide bombings"

444: 3889:"Første kvinde er sigtet for at overtræde tildækningsforbud" 3489:, Nytimes.com, 3 September 2010; retrieved 4 September 2010. 3310:"China bans burqas and 'abnormal' beards in Muslim province" 2471:"The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces" 2300:

Modern Muslima and Saraji Umm Zaid Retrieved 16 April 2007.

1844:

government chose to not "politicize the issue any further."

5071: 4698:"Muslim women must show faces when taking citizenship oath" 4575:"Switzerland narrowly votes to ban face covering in public" 3706:"Top Europe court upholds ban on full-face veil in Belgium" 3437:"Sri Lanka Bans Face Coverings After Easter Sunday Attacks" 3112:"Congo-Brazzaville bans Islamic face veil in public places" 2138:"Ultimate Abaya Guide – Everything You Ever Wanted To Know" 1796:

was to assure women who chose to wear the niqāb during the

4140:"Netherlands plans to ban full-face veil in public places" 2494:"China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang" 2410:"Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions" 2381:

Hadia Mubarak (2009). "Burqa". In John L. Esposito (ed.).

1076:

In February 2010, an Arab country's unnamed ambassador to

3060:"Chad police: Anyone wearing face veils will be arrested" 1836:

to take up the case. With the election of Prime Minister

613:. Another prominent example of this struggle was seen in 435: 3086:"Chad arrests 62 women for wearing veils after bombings" 1840:

on 19 October 2015, the niqāb debate was settled as the

909:

regime with the traditional Afghan face veil called the

4194:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. 26 June 2018. Archived from 2739:"Case No. 2002-CA-2828, order following non-jury trial" 2063:, a partial face veil worn by nomadic North African men 2169:"The uncomfortable truth about Australian 'diversity'" 1434:

European countries that have banned the niqab and the

863:

Other common styles of clothing popularly worn with a

364:"Ruband" redirects here. For the Iranian village, see 4530:"Swiss canton becomes second to ban burqas in public" 3217:"Morocco 'bans the sale and production of the burka'" 3146:

16 October 2015 at Wikiwix, Aljazeera.com, 3 May 2015

1486:

On 11 July 2017 the ban in Belgium was upheld by the

1046:

In July 2010, the National Assembly in France passed

441: 432: 5021:: Alibhai-Brown, Yasmin. 2014, Biteback Publishing, 3500:"Syria reverses ban on Islamic face veil in schools" 2854:"Islamist women redraw Palestinian debate on rights" 2469:

Halasz, Stephanie; McKenzie, Sheena (27 June 2018).

447: 7011: 6950: 6941: 6813: 6770: 6712: 6634: 6586: 6386: 6305: 6179: 6160: 6120: 6052: 6026: 6012: 5939: 5889: 5802: 5788: 5625: 5475: 5336: 5246: 5144: 4134: 4132: 438: 4670:Mas, Susana; Crawford, Alison (16 November 2015). 4494: 3750: 3308: 3270:"China's Ban on Islamic Veils Is Destined to Fail" 3191:"Al-Azhar bans "niqab" in classrooms, dormitories" 3012: 3010: 2969:"Algeria Outlaws Burqas, Niqabs for Women at Work" 2200:"Women in white march to defend Algeria tradition" 1824:, challenged and won the niqāb ban in the case of 4967:"Australia burka armed robbery sparks ban debate" 3268:Leibold, Timothy Grose, James (5 February 2015). 2725:Judge: Woman can't cover face on driver's license 2577:"Burqas Banned, Not Sikh Turbans: French Embassy" 526:. This phenomenon was encouraged by the rise of " 16:Face-covering women's garment in Muslim societies 4192:"Gedeeltelijk verbod gezichtsbedekkende kleding" 4169:Welt.de: Niederlande verbieten Burkas und Niqabs 4062:"Police stop Muslim woman wearing veil in Italy" 3506:. Associated Press. 6 April 2011. Archived from 3487:"Syria's Solidarity With Islamists Ends at Home" 2823:"Palestinians Debate Women's Future Under Hamas" 686:is used in an affectionate manner (much as with 4665: 4663: 4661: 4395:"Nå blir det forbudt med nikab i norske skoler" 4221:"Tromsø-professor forbyr niqab i forelesninger" 2667:"Dubai court annuls marriage to 'bearded lady'" 1516:In autumn 2017, the Danish parliament (Danish: 1368:Face veils were banned in the aftermath of the 1187:In June 2015, the full face veil was banned in 2727:", 10 June 2003. CNN; retrieved 13 April 2007. 2399:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-10. 5087: 4728:The University of Calgary Faculty of Law Blog 4250:kontor, Statsministerens (27 February 2010). 3462:"Syria suspends fully veiled school teachers" 931:Countries that have banned the niqab and the 620:To varying degrees, wearing the niqab or the 338: 8: 3293:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3247:"Tunisia bans niqab in government buildings" 2604: 2602: 2383:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 721: 708: 695: 658: 569:Since the 2000s, and particularly after the 4479:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1599:In August 2017, the state of Lower Saxony ( 6947: 6176: 6172: 6023: 5799: 5094: 5080: 5072: 2694:"Man claims fiancee hid beard under niqab" 2541:(3). Kluwer Academic Publishers: 333–345. 649:Women who wear the niqab are often called 345: 331: 18: 5004:. Kuala Lumpur: Dar Al Wahi Publication. 3777:"Denmark passes ban on niqabs and burkas" 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2500:. No. 13 January 2015. The Telegraph 1130:parliamentary elections, wearing niqabs. 772:the contemporary societal tendency among 5058:, Social Science Research Network (SSRN) 4373:"Norway bans burqa and niqab in schools" 4281:Bjerkeland, Øystein (10 November 2014). 4215: 4213: 3030:"Cameroon bans face veil after bombings" 2719: 2717: 2715: 2347: 2345: 926: 4852: 4850: 3916:"Bundestag beschließt Sicherheitspaket" 3740:, Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016. 2852:Cambanis, Thanassis (21 January 2006). 2611:"French Full Veil Ban Comes into Force" 2459:, Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016. 2073: 1978:A woman wearing a niqab with gloves in 1952: 285: 239: 171: 43: 30: 4898:from the original on 20 December 2012. 4556: 4546: 4472: 4323:from the original on 19 September 2016 4150:from the original on 18 September 2016 3616:"The niqab through a foreigner's eyes" 3541:from the original on 6 September 2017. 3350:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance 3286: 3092:from the original on 24 September 2017 2226: 2216: 2081:Open Society Foundations, ed. (2015). 1438:either fully or partially, as of 2023: 935:either fully or partially, as of 2023. 905:Covering the face was enforced by the 4947:from the original on 28 February 2017 4763:from the original on 22 December 2015 4678:from the original on 25 December 2015 3986:from the original on 5 September 2017 3883: 3881: 3828: 3826: 3529:Harriet Agerholm (1 September 2017). 3122:from the original on 28 February 2017 3066:from the original on 27 February 2017 2575:Chaturvedi, Naina (3 February 2016). 1134:Prevalence and legislation by country 1084:after discovering that his bride was 1055:United Nations Human Rights Committee 7: 5040:Religion and Ethics – Beliefs: Niqab 4868:from the original on 11 October 2009 4817:from the original on 25 August 2007. 4737:from the original on 10 October 2015 4353:from the original on 23 October 2016 4098:from the original on 21 January 2017 3686:from the original on 8 February 2018 3652:. Women Journalists Without Chains. 3377:from the original on 20 January 2017 3227:from the original on 31 January 2017 3062:. Al Jazeera English. 12 July 2015. 3040:from the original on 19 January 2018 2700:from the original on 5 November 2010 2293: 2291: 1536:district of Copenhagen organised by 1122:In 2006, female candidates from the 7095:Global trade of secondhand clothing 5056:The Veil and the British Male Elite 4719:Fluker, Shaun (28 September 2015). 4293:from the original on 19 August 2016 4262:from the original on 15 August 2016 3956:from the original on 17 August 2017 3752:"Denmark is about to ban the burqa" 3656:from the original on 19 August 2011 3554:"Saudi cleric favours one-eye veil" 3416:from the original on 4 October 2008 3406:"Saudi cleric favours one-eye veil" 3197:from the original on 4 October 2010 3019:, Washingtonpost.com, 18 June 2015. 2890:. 30 September 2007. Archived from 2692:Za'za', Bassam (10 February 2010). 722: 709: 696: 659: 472: 460: 4858:"Muslim group calls for burka ban" 4759:. Tri City News. 7 December 2015. 4757:"Guarding against "us" and "them"" 4646:from the original on 20 April 2018 4231:from the original on 23 March 2013 4126:BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2007. 4016:from the original on 4 August 2017 3926:from the original on 28 April 2017 3765:from the original on 21 June 2022. 3189:Ahmed al-Sayyed (8 October 2009). 3156:Rose Troup Buchanan (2 May 2015). 2913:O'Loughlin, Ed (24 January 2006). 2621:from the original on 7 August 2017 2526:Lyon, Dawn; Spini, Debora (2004). 2385:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2245:"A ban to celebrate | Badra Djait" 2198:News, Staff Writer-Morocco World. 2144:. 19 December 2018. Archived from 2118:from the original on 24 March 2018 1480:Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1014:The niqab is controversial in the 917:Criminalization of the niqab/burqa 707:). Women in niqab are also called 516:Arab countries of the Persian Gulf 475:), is a long garment worn by some 14: 5050:Modesty Gowns for Female Patients 4977:from the original on 1 March 2017 4888:"Niqab in court OK in some cases" 4509:from the original on 21 June 2022 4455:"Skurup förbjuder slöja i skolan" 3712:from the original on 13 July 2017 3321:from the original on 21 June 2022 3170:from the original on 1 March 2017 2833:from the original on 5 April 2010 2492:Phillips, Tom (13 January 2015). 2473:. No. 27 June 2018. CNN. CNN 2179:from the original on 8 April 2018 1816:, a Sunni Muslim woman living in 1107:One female non-Muslim student at 867:in Western countries include the 609:—one that lacked authenticity in 538:, beginning in earnest after the 409:wearing a plain-cloth black niqab 7131: 5044:British Broadcasting Corporation 4935:Michael Muskal (25 April 2012). 4708:from the original on 8 May 2014. 3468:from the original on 2 July 2010 2864:from the original on 30 May 2006 2821:Gazzar, Brenda (23 April 2006). 2528:"Unveiling the Headscarf Debate" 2352:Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). 2271:"BBC - Religions - Islam: Niqab" 2003: 1987: 1971: 1955: 779: 428: 398: 382: 4594:'No discrimination' in veil row 4117:Dutch Muslims condemn burqa ban 3435:Ingber, Sasha (29 April 2019). 2609:Blua, Antoine (11 April 2011). 2587:from the original on 8 May 2022 2106:Manea, Elham (27 August 2017). 1962:A woman wearing a niqab in the 1652:In 2007, the government of the 1026:In 2004, the French Parliament 2035:, including the niqab garment 1488:European Court of Human Rights 1370:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 1250:In February 2015, the city of 1062:Discrimination against niqabis 901:Enforcement of the niqab/burqa 752:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia 1: 4912:. 30 May 2004. Archived from 4831:. 11 May 2007. Archived from 2167:Hamad, Ruby (21 April 2017). 2015: 1880:Action démocratique du Québec 1551:The first fine was issued in 776:to cover their entire faces. 5002:Niqaab: A Seal on the Debate 4427:(in Swedish). Archived from 4283:"Forbudt med niqab i skolen" 4178:, Welt.de, 29 November 2016. 3464:. Al Arabiya. 29 June 2010. 2802:Hunt, Kurt (18 April 2005). 2615:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty 2397:The Taliban: Ascent to Power 1856:Conservative Party of Canada 1727:banned face-covering veils. 1328:In 2015, the constitutional 1126:party campaigned during the 520:Middle East and North Africa 7167:Islam-related controversies 4796:; accessed 1 February 2017. 4313:"Flertall for nikab-forbud" 4252:"Ikke behov for nye forbud" 3395:Moqtasami (1979), pp. 41-44 3088:. News24. 16 October 2015. 2010:A woman wearing a niqab in 1994:A woman wearing a niqab in 1614:In July 2020, the state of 1330:Council of Islamic Ideology 1109:Eastern Michigan University 728: 715: 702: 689: 681: 673: 665: 652: 637:, and is most prominent in 495:men. Most prevalent in the 173:Practice and law by country 7208: 7105:List of individual dresses 3339:Asnad e Kashf e Hijab 24:2 1885:Muslim Council of Montreal 1762:, a teaching assistant in 1752:comments by Jack Straw, MP 1509: 1423: 1392:In 2017 the government of 1137: 1065: 920: 884:also wear an overgarment ( 802: 783: 745: 510:, a region in present-day 370: 363: 356: 7128: 6175: 5109: 4042:(in German). 21 July 2020 2917:. The Age. Archived from 2884:"Gaza's deadly guardians" 2547:10.1007/s10691-004-4991-4 2204:www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 2173:The Sydney Morning Herald 2112:The Sydney Morning Herald 809:There are many styles of 645:Use of the term in Arabic 601:who were fighting in the 501:Muslim-majority countries 4625:, Bbc.co.uk, 6 May 2010. 4621:17 November 2015 at the 4174:29 November 2016 at the 3994:– via www.welt.de. 3694:– via www.welt.de. 3004:, Bbc.com, 16 July 2015. 2298:How to Hijab: Face Veils 1892:Muslim Canadian Congress 1846:Minister Wilson-Raybould 1715:approved a similar ban. 1679:Prime Minister of Norway 1285:The 20th century ruler, 780:Women's veiling in Islam 371:Not to be confused with 7172:Islamic female clothing 5062:Niqab is Not Obligatory 5052:, BBC, 5 September 2006 5000:Khan, Kamillah (2008). 4599:29 October 2006 at the 4122:11 January 2007 at the 3736:5 November 2016 at the 3000:17 October 2015 at the 2940:Cornish, Jean-Jacques. 2360:. Infobase Publishing. 1907:Supreme Court of Canada 1864:Liberal Party of Canada 1834:Supreme Court of Canada 1830:Federal Court of Appeal 1828:on 5 October 2015. The 1426:Islamic dress in Europe 1199:Congo (Republic of the) 674:muntaqabāt / muntaqibāt 666:muntaqabah / muntaqibah 359:Naqaab (disambiguation) 7110:Reconstructed clothing 2535:Feminist Legal Studies 2412:. Reuters. 5 July 2019 2317:The Veiling of Virgins 2033:List of types of hijab 2012:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1905:In December 2012, the 1478:On 29 April 2010, the 1458: 1320:still wear the niqab. 1039:, and the increase in 936: 770:The Veiling of Virgins 607:Islamic fundamentalism 5046:(BBC), 13 April 2007. 4425:uppsalauniversitet.se 4401:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 2395:M. J. Gohari (2000). 2358:Encyclopedia of Islam 1890:In October 2009, the 1792:and Attorney General 1669:, a professor at the 1538:Socialist Youth Front 1530:Amnesty International 1433: 1270:until the end of the 1205:Republic of the Congo 1128:Palestinian Authority 1117:Arab–Israeli conflict 1066:Further information: 1053:In October 2018, the 985:Republic of the Congo 930: 921:Further information: 896:Rules and regulations 742:In pre-Islamic Arabia 540:1973 Arab–Israeli War 522:, particularly among 7051:Environmental impact 4894:. 20 December 2012. 4788:4 March 2016 at the 4704:. 12 December 2011. 4227:. 16 February 2012. 4158:– via Reuters. 2921:on 23 September 2006 2860:. The Boston Globe. 2564:– via IHR Law. 2334:Amer, Sahar (2014). 2304:2 March 2007 at the 1794:Jody Wilson-Raybould 1671:University of Tromsø 571:September 11 attacks 357:For other uses, see 7138:Clothing portal 4528:Reuters Editorial. 4349:. 18 October 2016. 3914:Nachrichten, n-tv. 3373:. 20 October 2015. 3367:The Express Tribune 3223:. 10 January 2017. 2894:on 9 September 2011 2438:. 19 September 2011 2148:on 21 December 2018 1940:and Liberal leader 1790:Minister of Justice 1700:In 2012, a poll by 1573:victim is a minor. 774:pagan Arabian women 585:and a rejection of 463:), also known as a 309:My Stealthy Freedom 227:Taliban Afghanistan 4864:. 8 October 2009. 4794:The Globe and Mail 4559:has generic name ( 4198:on 5 February 2021 3761:. 6 October 2017. 3412:. 3 October 2008. 3348:El-Guindi, Fadwa, 2974:Morocco World News 2673:. 10 February 2010 2229:has generic name ( 1810:Oath of Allegiance 1798:Oath of Allegiance 1723:In July 2016, the 1702:Uppsala University 1459: 937: 758:pre-Islamic Arabia 748:Pre-Islamic Arabia 737:Religious doctrine 720:, with the plural 603:Algerian Civil War 560:Islamic revivalism 546:had stirred among 544:Iranian Revolution 483:of the concept of 263:Gender segregation 7144: 7143: 7115:Right to clothing 7039:Halloween costume 7007: 7006: 6982:black lounge suit 6582: 6581: 6382: 6381: 6156: 6155: 5935: 5934: 5019:Refusing the Veil 5011:978-983-43614-0-2 4941:Los Angeles Times 4910:"ACLU of Florida" 4813:. 23 March 2007. 4781:LeBlanc, Daniel. 4606:. 19 October 2006 4319:. 23 April 2013. 4094:. 21 April 2016. 4092:Independent.co.uk 4012:. 3 August 2017. 3758:Independent.co.uk 3595:on 5 October 2008 3317:. 30 March 2017. 2647:. 23 October 2018 1616:Baden-Württemberg 1412:political party, 1397:behind the head. 1203:In May 2015, the 1162:In October 2018, 1080:had his marriage 583:Islamic extremism 497:Arabian Peninsula 355: 354: 7199: 7177:Modesty in Islam 7136: 7135: 7120:Vintage clothing 6948: 6893:Pocket protector 6177: 6173: 6133:Bodysuit, infant 6024: 5805:formal, informal 5800: 5640:Ceremonial dress 5096: 5089: 5082: 5073: 5015: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4829:"Veiled threats" 4825: 4819: 4818: 4803: 4797: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4736: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4702:Globe & Mail 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4667: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4632: 4626: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4552: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4478: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4436: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4217: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4136: 4127: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4040:Berliner Zeitung 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3885: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3830: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3754: 3747: 3741: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3708:. 11 July 2017. 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3648:(17 June 2010). 3646:Al-Sakkaf, Nadia 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3622:. Archived from 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3591:. Archived from 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3560:. Archived from 3549: 3543: 3542: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3359: 3353: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3292: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3153: 3147: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3036:. 16 July 2015. 3026: 3020: 3014: 3005: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2779: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2754: 2748:. 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Archived from 2532: 2523: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2349: 2340: 2339: 2336:What Is Veiling? 2331: 2325: 2314: 2308: 2295: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2078: 2020: 2017: 2007: 1991: 1975: 1959: 1852:Elections Canada 1725:Canton of Ticino 1564:On 13 July 2010 1542:Kvinder i Dialog 1512:Islam in Denmark 1455: 1449: 1443: 1295:Goharshad Mosque 1148:Burqa by country 1144:Niqab by country 1140:Hijab by country 1101:Sultaana Freeman 731: 725: 724: 718: 712: 711: 705: 699: 698: 692: 684: 676: 668: 662: 661: 655: 611:Algerian culture 474: 462: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 402: 386: 347: 340: 333: 19: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7192:Yemeni clothing 7162:Arabic clothing 7147: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7130: 7124: 7066:made-to-measure 7019:Clothing fetish 7003: 6937: 6809: 6766: 6708: 6684:Square leg suit 6630: 6606:Blanket sleeper 6578: 6569:Sleeved blanket 6378: 6301: 6166: 6164: 6152: 6128:Bodysuit, adult 6116: 6048: 6016: 6008: 5931: 5885: 5804: 5792: 5784: 5630: 5621: 5471: 5332: 5266:Clerical collar 5242: 5140: 5139: 5105: 5100: 5067:The Last Straw! 5036: 5012: 4999: 4996: 4994:Further reading 4991: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4856: 4855: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4790:Wayback Machine 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4723: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4669: 4668: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4623:Wayback Machine 4614: 4610: 4601:Wayback Machine 4592: 4588: 4583:. 7 March 2021. 4573: 4572: 4568: 4555: 4545: 4538: 4536: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4505:. 8 July 2016. 4502:The Independent 4493: 4492: 4488: 4471: 4464: 4462: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4434: 4432: 4431:on 12 July 2018 4419: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4399:Bergens Tidende 4393: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4176:Wayback Machine 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4146:. 22 May 2017. 4138: 4137: 4130: 4124:Wayback Machine 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3982:. 7 July 2017. 3974: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3952:. 2 June 2017. 3944: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3738:Wayback Machine 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3682:. 16 May 2017. 3674: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3626:on 17 June 2011 3613: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3535:The Independent 3528: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3510:on 9 April 2011 3498: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3315:The Independent 3307: 3306: 3302: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3163:The Independent 3155: 3154: 3150: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3008: 3002:Wayback Machine 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2947:Eyewitness News 2939: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2755:on 12 June 2018 2752: 2741: 2737:Thorpe, Janet. 2736: 2735: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2556:on 10 June 2016 2553: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2368: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2315: 2311: 2306:Wayback Machine 2296: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2251:. 23 April 2010 2243: 2242: 2238: 2225: 2215: 2208: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2029: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2008: 1999: 1992: 1983: 1976: 1967: 1960: 1950: 1934: 1929: 1915: 1900:gender equality 1876:Parti Québécois 1777: 1772: 1756:national debate 1744: 1721: 1698: 1663: 1650: 1638: 1624: 1579: 1562: 1514: 1508: 1496: 1476: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1428: 1422: 1414:Tawakkol Karman 1403: 1390: 1378: 1366: 1346: 1326: 1264: 1258:in March 2017. 1248: 1243: 1235: 1226: 1213: 1201: 1185: 1172: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1136: 1070: 1064: 925: 919: 903: 898: 807: 801: 792: 784:Main articles: 782: 768:, described in 754: 746:Main articles: 744: 739: 647: 626:Muslim scholars 431: 427: 414: 413: 412: 411: 410: 403: 395: 394: 393:wearing a niqab 387: 376: 369: 362: 351: 319:World Hijab Day 17: 12: 11: 5: 7205: 7203: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7149: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7053: 7048: 7046:Cross-dressing 7043: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6956: 6954: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6776: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6170: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6138:Long underwear 6135: 6130: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6065:Training pants 6062: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5808: 5806: 5797: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5689: 5684: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5636: 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4820: 4798: 4774: 4748: 4711: 4689: 4657: 4627: 4608: 4586: 4566: 4520: 4486: 4459:Sveriges Radio 4453:Malmöhus, P4. 4445: 4412: 4386: 4364: 4334: 4304: 4273: 4256:Regjeringen.no 4242: 4209: 4183: 4161: 4128: 4109: 4079: 4053: 4027: 3997: 3967: 3937: 3906: 3877: 3851: 3822: 3796: 3768: 3742: 3723: 3697: 3667: 3637: 3606: 3585:"Girls' niqab" 3575: 3564:on 8 June 2011 3544: 3521: 3491: 3479: 3453: 3427: 3397: 3388: 3354: 3341: 3332: 3300: 3274:Foreign Policy 3260: 3238: 3208: 3193:. Al Arabiya. 3181: 3148: 3133: 3103: 3077: 3051: 3021: 3006: 2987: 2960: 2932: 2905: 2875: 2844: 2813: 2810:on 4 May 2005. 2794: 2766: 2729: 2711: 2684: 2658: 2632: 2598: 2581:HuffPost India 2567: 2511: 2484: 2461: 2449: 2423: 2401: 2388: 2373: 2366: 2341: 2326: 2309: 2287: 2262: 2236: 2190: 2159: 2129: 2098: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2009: 2002: 2000: 1993: 1986: 1984: 1977: 1970: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1914: 1911: 1896:Farzana Hassan 1860:Bloc Québécois 1838:Justin Trudeau 1826:Canada v Ishaq 1806:Stephen Harper 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1748:United Kingdom 1743: 1742:United Kingdom 1740: 1720: 1717: 1697: 1694: 1662: 1659: 1649: 1646: 1637: 1634: 1623: 1620: 1588:In July 2017, 1578: 1575: 1561: 1558: 1510:Main article: 1507: 1504: 1495: 1492: 1475: 1472: 1463: 1460: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1424:Main article: 1421: 1418: 1402: 1399: 1389: 1386: 1377: 1374: 1365: 1362: 1345: 1342: 1325: 1322: 1263: 1260: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1225: 1222: 1217:niqab in Egypt 1212: 1209: 1200: 1197: 1184: 1181: 1174:In July 2015, 1171: 1168: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1135: 1132: 1063: 1060: 923:Anti-mask laws 918: 915: 902: 899: 897: 894: 805:Types of hijab 803:Main article: 800: 797: 786:Women in Islam 781: 778: 743: 740: 738: 735: 646: 643: 587:Western values 536:Arab countries 514:, and in some 404: 397: 396: 388: 381: 380: 379: 378: 377: 353: 352: 350: 349: 342: 335: 327: 324: 323: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 288: 287: 283: 282: 281: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 242: 241: 237: 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 176: 175: 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7204: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7139: 7134: 7127: 7121: 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