557:
affected by the renovations. The completion of the first phase occurred by the end of 2000. New apartment buildings had been constructed, and a government policy stated that displaced residents of Niujie only needed to pay a small price in order to move into the new buildings. At the end of phase one, 3,000 people moved into the new apartment buildings. The majority of residents who decided not to return were Han
Chinese. Overall the non-Muslims had a tendency to remain out of the neighborhood. Almost all of the Muslim families returned after renovations ended. Overall 90% of the displaced families from the first phase of the renovation had returned.
479:, wrote that according to stories from that dynasty, Han people rarely walked in the neighborhood alone. In addition, the stories state that during the dynasty, 2,953 households resided on Niujie. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that "peripheral location reflected separation between the Hui people living there and the Mongolian residents living within the city wall." In 1544 an outer city wall was established and Willow River Village was within this outer city wall. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that the community "was still considered peripheral to the city proper where most Han Chinese lived."
138:
881:
155:
774:
834:
185:
806:, which historically was a Hui community but faced a decline due to development, stated that even though going to Niujie from Madian meant a lengthy commute, many Madian Hui now preferred to travel there to purchase beef and mutton. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that "This is evidence that Niujie’s role as a large enclave and major supplier for the Hui people in Beijing has been enhanced as the ethnic economy of Madian gradually declined."
790:, is a part of the economy of Niujie. A survey conducted by Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan in January 2002 concluded that the market and shops on Nanhengxi Street sold about 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb) of beef and mutton daily. The same survey counted over 30 Islamic restaurants on Nanhengxi Street. In addition, around 2002, there had been an increase in contractors, miscellaneous repair shops, and other services.
22:
895:
192:
162:
542:"might have given rise to the name change." Gladney wrote that the name may have originated from a concentration of beef butchers during the Qing dynasty or from the homophonic similarity to the Liu River, where pomegranate and willow trees grew. The name change of the community to Niujie occurred during the
712:
As of 1996 the district had 55,722 residents, with 13,755, or 24.7% of the total population, being ethnic minorities. Of the minorities, 13,307, or 96.6%, were Hui. In the core area itself, there were 2,446 residents and 649 households resident. Of the individuals, 1,763 were Hui, making up 70.2% of
431:
neighborhood, has
Beijing's largest concentration of Muslim people. As of 2013 there is a Muslim-oriented hospital as well as social services, cafés, shops, restaurants, and schools catering to the Muslim population. In 2002 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan, authors of "Growth and Decline
764:
The Niujie Street
Administrative Office governs the area in the community. In 2002 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan concluded that based on the re-development plans stating that the Niujie Mosque would remain in its current location with its "centrality" in the community, the administrative
716:
In the neighborhoods on both sides of the core area, as of 1996 about 50% of the residents were Han and 50% were Hui. In the Tang Fang neighborhood in the Niujie
District, as of the 1982 census, there were 3,107 individuals. Of them, there were 1,814 Hui, making up 58.38% of the population, 1,272
556:
In the late 1990s the neighborhood underwent a renovation and the majority of the 3,000 families living there relocated on a temporary basis as the renovations occurred. The renovations of a 36-hectare (89-acre) area in the district began in 1997, 26,000 residents in about 7,500 households were
732:
As of 2011 the Niujie core area features various buildings decorated in an
Islamic Chinese style, including the post office and apartment blocks. The apartments were painted in the Islamic-associated colors white and green and decorated with Islamic symbols. The core area includes a Hui primary
708:
Niujie district had 64,059 residents, 21.9% of them being Hui, in 2000. As of 2000 24,088 people lived in the Niujie core area, 54.1% being Hui. This gives it a higher percentage of Hui population than other areas of the district. The core area is one of
Beijing's largest ethnic enclaves.
813:
until 1949. In the pre-1949 period 75% of the jade trade enterprises in the city were located in Niujie. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that in this period a central component of Niujie was the food service sector, which consisted of beef and button stands,
797:
because it continued to be "peripheral to the city’s core area of economic growth" with much of the expansion occurring in north
Beijing instead of the portion of Beijing where Niujie resides. In an interview in August 2000 the head of a resident committee in the
560:
In 2002, Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that Niujie "continues to be a thriving enclave, with a high concentration of Hui residents and economic activities". The second stage of the renovation was scheduled to be completed that year.
765:
office "has played an important role in preserving the Hui character of the enclave, making it possible for the Hui residents to return and live in a setting they are highly identified with, despite urban renovation and redevelopment."
785:
Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan explained that the economy of the community is focused on "ethnic-specific activities" such as Jade processing, meat trading, and
Islamic restaurants. Tourism, including visits to the
737:
products, and several Muslim restaurants. As of 1996 there were 51 Islamic meatshops, 51 Islamic restaurants, and several
Islamic foodstuff stores in all of Xuanwu district. On Niujie Street at that time there were Hui
261:
818:
wagons and stands, and Hui restaurants. They stated that residents of Niujie "gained a reputation for operating meat delicatessens in other parts of
Beijing." Niujie was also adjacent to a major vegetable market,
1972:
440:, which according to Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan, "mark the identity of Niujie" and has an element of centrality in the community. Most larger Hui neighborhoods in Beijing have their own mosques.
1093:
Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 112-113. "Historical documents and archival research indicate that from as early as the Tang dynasty (618–907), the location of today’s Niujie had been on the periphery of the city of
717:
Han, making up 40.94% of the population, and 21 Manchu, making up .68% of the population. As of 1996 the communities closer to the core area have higher Hui populations than those further from the core area.
579:
1572:
460:, who had conquered Beijing, and that based on some gravestones of imams encountered at the Niujie Mosque, a significant community of Hui people had lived in the Niujie area dating back to the
720:
As of 2007, according to Nimrod Baranovich, author of "Inverted Exile: Uyghur Writers and Artists in Beijing and the Political Implications of Their Work," he had been informed that many
809:
Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that Niujie served in a wider ethnic Hui economy across Beijing as well as providing a local ethnic enclave economy in the period from the
1577:
1965:
745:
The Chinese Islamic Association building, located southeast of the Mosque, has Arab architectural flourishes such as parapets and large green domes. It was built in the 1950s. The
456:
was built between 916 and 1125. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that the establishment of the Hui settlement "probably" was related to Muslims joining the army of
1567:
1958:
427:
The Niujie Subdistrict is administered by the Niujie Subdistrict Administrative Office. The core area of this district is along the street Niujie. The Niujie core area, a
553:
Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that the Niujie Hui community continued to be distinct from the Manchu community in Beijing during the Qing dynasty.
1696:
1636:
1536:
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of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing," wrote that Niujie "continues to thrive as a major residential area of the Hui people in Beijing and as a prominent supplier of
1656:
1254:. October 2007 33: 462-504, doi: 10.1177/0097700407304803 - Cited: p. 497. "and that many Uyghurs live today in the Hui Muslim quarter on Niujie (Ox Street)."
922:
1415:
32:
137:
154:
966:
2027:
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546:. The China Internet Information Center stated that the street name changed when members of the began specializing in beef. At that time,
2002:
184:
2103:
1910:
1895:
1812:
713:
the population. Of the households 475 were Hui, making up 69.3%, and the Manchu and Mongolian ethnic groups each had two households.
970:
483:
1384:
1338:
1334:
2098:
1641:
1528:
1343:
2007:
1510:
1408:
1363:
1327:
1319:
47:
2072:
2057:
2042:
1748:
1523:
842:
452:, what is now Niujie would have been on the city's periphery according to archival research and historical documents. The
363:
254:
2022:
2108:
1932:
90:
1797:
518:) because the Muslims in the community grew pomegranate trees. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated the
62:
2093:
1817:
1666:
1593:
1562:
1557:
1515:
1401:
1174:
2017:
1661:
1621:
917:
421:
348:
1719:
464:. During that dynasty many Muslims moved to Beijing. Therefore, soldiers were the first Hui people in Niujie.
69:
1843:
815:
433:
1300:). Beijing Xuanwu Huimin Elementary School. Retrieved on January 10, 2014. "学校地址：北京市西城区牛街西里一区5号(北京市宣武回民小学)"
773:
2067:
2052:
1880:
424:
before the district was merged into Xicheng District in 2010. As of 2020, its total population is 51,410.
962:
2032:
1792:
908:
833:
570:
76:
1376:
1297:
2037:
1858:
1787:
1772:
1459:
336:
2113:
2047:
1994:
1777:
1714:
1626:
1237:
397:
328:
128:
58:
1242:
Inverted Exile: Uyghur Writers and Artists in Beijing and the Political Implications of Their Work
2012:
1869:
1853:
1833:
1822:
1807:
1802:
1676:
742:
who sold fruit and pastries, 8 Islamic noodle and pastry shops, and 2 small Islamic restaurants.
1915:
1863:
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1828:
1782:
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1224:
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1016:
468:
1982:
1950:
1905:
1874:
1424:
803:
491:
401:
1686:
1438:
799:
509:
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1848:
1758:
1312:
1220:
1204:
1119:
913:
794:
472:
273:
486:, a legend stated that the street Niujie was originally named "Pomegranate Street" or
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886:
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543:
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During the Yuan dynasty Niujie was located in proximity to and outside of the main
461:
457:
449:
793:
Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that Niujie has remained to be an
1729:
1691:
1631:
1616:
21:
1241:
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1030:
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428:
232:
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821:
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1318:(Volume 149, Issue 149 of Harvard East Asian monographs, ISSN 0073-0483).
1485:
1986:
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865:'Beijing Xuanwu Hui People Elementary School'), serves the
841:
One school in Niujie, the Beijing Xuanwu Huimin Elementary School (
1475:
1293:
832:
778:
772:
734:
409:
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The Tang Fang neighborhood is west of Niujie Street on Beiruilu.
1480:
547:
1954:
1397:
753:), the Hui hospital, is at the south end of the Niujie street.
15:
436:
and services for the entire city." The neighborhood has the
1316:
Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic
477:
Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic
43:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1015:]. Vol. 39 (1st ed.). Beijing: 中国统计出版社.
39:
1335:
Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing
1993:
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1333:Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "
1200:
1198:
1196:
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957:
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1966:
1409:
412:. The name "Niujie" can refer to the street
8:
973:(China.org.cn). Retrieved on 5 January 2014.
471:, and it had the name Willow River Village.
48:introducing citations to additional sources
963:Culinary delights: Beijing's Muslim cuisine
923:List of township-level divisions of Beijing
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38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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7:
1657:Former Residence of Soong Ching-ling
1347:, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104–122.
550:had butchered both mutton and beef.
420:. The subdistrict was previously in
293:1.44 km (0.56 sq mi)
534:) and that the similarity between
14:
971:China Internet Information Center
856:Běijīng Shì Xuānwǔ Huímín Xiǎoxué
569:By 2021, there are a total of 10
484:China Internet Information Center
1642:Cultural Palace of Nationalities
1344:Eurasian Geography and Economics
1275:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 118-119.
1135:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 113-114.
893:
879:
837:Huimin Elementary School in 2008
190:
183:
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31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
1350:Wu, Weiping and Piper Gaubatz.
733:school, a supermarket carrying
1320:Harvard University Asia Center
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846:
504:
376:
367:
1:
1749:Beijing North railway station
760:Government and infrastructure
314:36,000/km (92,000/sq mi)
142:North start of Niujie in 2020
111:Subdistrict in Beijing, China
1284:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 119.
1266:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 118.
1164:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 116.
1155:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 114.
1103:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 115.
1084:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 117.
1060:Wu, Weiping and Gaubatz. p.
1046:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 104.
997:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 113.
945:Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 112.
580:Administrative Division Code
396:'Oxen Street') is a
1933:Caishikou Execution Grounds
2130:
1013:China statistical yearbook
2104:Neighbourhoods of Beijing
1941:
1594:National Library of China
587:Community Name (Chinese)
584:Community Name (English)
495:
213:
147:
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1943:This list is incomplete.
1662:Great Hall of the People
1622:Beijing Financial Street
1537:People's Public Security
1008:
573:within the subdistrict:
2099:Subdistricts of Beijing
1385:Beijing Huimin Hospital
565:Administrative Division
416:or to the neighborhood
918:Beijing Subway Line 19
838:
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233:39.88639°N 116.36333°E
1720:Prince Gong's Mansion
1597:Ancient Books Library
1553:China-Cuba Friendship
1532:Zhanguanlan Rd Campus
1236:Baranovitch, Nimrod (
1175:"2021年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码"
909:Hui people in Beijing
836:
781:supermarket in Niujie
776:
2003:West Chang'an Avenue
1007:国家统计局, ed. (2020).
869:living in the area.
311: • Density
44:improve this article
1715:Prince Chun Mansion
1627:Beijing Planetarium
1573:Normal Experimental
1238:University of Haifa
238:39.88639; 116.36333
229: /
174:Show map of Beijing
2109:Streets in Beijing
1798:Chegongzhuang West
1677:Huguang Guild Hall
1387:, City of Beijing
1358:, April 26, 2013.
839:
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303: • Total
290: • Total
198:Niujie Subdistrict
168:Niujie Subdistrict
118:Niujie Subdistrict
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395:
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244:
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95:
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24:
16:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
1989:
1979:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1921:
1844:Lingjing Hutong
1753:
1734:
1687:Lingjing hutong
1667:Guanghua Temple
1601:
1582:
1541:
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1490:
1443:
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1059:
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1038:
1023:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
996:
977:
960:
949:
944:
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899:
894:
892:
885:
880:
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875:
831:
771:
762:
730:
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567:
446:
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237:
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749:(S: 回民医院, P:
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451:
448:At up to the
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404:in southwest
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214:Coordinates:
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61: –
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56:
55:Find sources:
49:
45:
41:
35:
34:
33:single source
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2062:
2018:Zhanlan Road
1788:Changchunjie
1773:Beihai North
1710:Xidan Campus
1497:institutions
1470:
1389:(in Chinese)
1380:(in Chinese)
1351:
1342:
1315:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1247:Modern China
1245:
1232:
1216:
1182:. Retrieved
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1131:
1099:
1089:
1012:
1002:
901:Islam portal
887:China portal
854:
840:
820:
811:Ming dynasty
808:
792:
784:
763:
755:
750:
746:
744:
739:
731:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:Demographics
568:
559:
555:
552:
544:Qing dynasty
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:" (C: 柳, P:
519:
513:
503:
487:
481:
476:
475:, author of
466:
462:Yuan dynasty
458:Genghis Khan
450:Tang dynasty
447:
426:
417:
413:
385:
375:
359:
358:
262:Municipality
100:January 2014
97:
87:
80:
73:
66:
54:
30:
1995:Subdistrict
1778:Beijing Zoo
1730:Zhongnanhai
1692:Minzu Hotel
1632:Beijing Zoo
1617:Beihai Park
672:Baiguanglu
571:communities
398:subdistrict
337:Postal code
236: /
224:116°21′48″E
129:Subdistrict
2114:Hui people
2088:Categories
2068:Baizhifang
2053:Taoranting
1870:Taoranting
1854:Nanlishilu
1834:Hufangqiao
1823:Guloudajie
1808:Fuchengmen
1803:Daguanying
1647:Deshengmen
1466:Liulichang
1462:(Dashilar)
1364:1136990828
1328:0674594975
1307:References
1184:2022-09-21
1031:1262741013
867:Hui people
628:Nanxiange
510:Wade–Giles
429:Hui people
382:Wade–Giles
298:Population
221:39°53′11″N
70:newspapers
2033:Shichahai
2008:Xinjiekou
1916:Zhushikou
1911:Xuanwumen
1896:Xinjiekou
1864:Shichahai
1859:Ping'anli
1839:Jishuitan
1829:Hepingmen
1813:Fuxingmen
1783:Caishikou
1768:Anhuaqiao
1725:Shichahai
1610:Landmarks
1546:Secondary
1511:Education
1495:Education
1455:Caishikou
1356:Routledge
1294:Home page
847:北京市宣武回民小学
829:Education
822:Caishikou
728:Cityscape
661:Fayuansi
617:Gangyuan
606:Chunfeng
515:Liu-chieh
434:Hui foods
387:Niu-chieh
349:Area code
320:Time zone
40:talk page
2043:Tianqiao
2038:Dashilan
1906:Xizhimen
1875:Tianqiao
1761:stations
1742:stations
1587:Facility
1486:Xizhimen
1460:Dashilan
1322:, 1996.
1094:Beijing"
873:See also
816:Hui food
650:Fenghua
274:District
59:"Niujie"
2048:Chunshu
2023:Desheng
1987:Beijing
1926:History
1740:Railway
1339:Archive
1298:Archive
1221:Gladney
1205:Gladney
1120:Gladney
967:Archive
843:Chinese
769:Economy
697:牛街西里二区
686:牛街西里一区
522:meant "
505:liú jiē
492:Chinese
444:History
406:Beijing
377:Niú jiē
364:Chinese
279:Xicheng
267:Beijing
250:Country
84:scholar
2063:Niujie
2013:Yuetan
1918:(part)
1877:(part)
1866:(part)
1849:Muxidi
1825:(part)
1759:Subway
1672:Houhai
1568:Normal
1516:Normal
1504:Higher
1471:Niujie
1362:
1326:
1029:
1019:
1009:中国统计年鉴
853::
851:pinyin
845::
800:Madian
740:getihu
524:willow
512::
502::
500:pinyin
494::
488:Liujie
418:Niujie
414:Niujie
384::
374::
372:pinyin
366::
360:Niujie
342:100053
306:51,410
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1891:Xidan
1886:Wanzi
1476:Xidan
1448:Areas
1223:, p.
1207:, p.
1122:, p.
1011:[
929:Notes
916:, on
779:halal
735:halal
642:菜园北里
598:牛街东里
548:imams
530:, W:
410:China
325:UTC+8
255:China
91:JSTOR
77:books
1901:Xisi
1481:Xisi
1360:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1240:). "
1027:OCLC
1017:ISBN
965:." (
862:lit.
675:白广路
664:法源寺
631:南线阁
538:and
393:lit.
285:Area
121:牛街街道
63:news
1341:).
1337:" (
1244:."
1225:179
1209:176
1124:175
1062:254
653:枫桦
620:钢院
609:春风
540:niu
536:liu
532:Liu
528:Liǔ
520:Liu
400:in
353:010
46:by
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368:牛街
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490:(
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327:(
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98:(
88:·
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67:·
50:.
36:.
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