448:
34:
303:, entered the United States in 2005, fleeing after he had been threatened with his land being seized and family killed. He had been reported to the government following various driving infractions. In 2013, he received documents to appear at a deportation hearing in two separate installments. While the first document did not state where or when he needed to attend the hearing, the second, received two months later, did.
296:, they must have had seven years' "continuous residence" and for non-permanent residents, ten years' "continuous presence". However, per the "stop-time rule", this timer can be stopped by being issued a "notice to appear" at a deportation hearing. This clause was intended to prevent immigrants from accumulating time because of a slow-moving deportation process.
548:, the opinion scorched the majority for an interpretation that was "rather perplexing as a matter of statutory interpretation and common sense" and one that "spawns a litany of absurdities", referring back to the petitioner's argument that documents received on the same day but in different envelopes would be inadequate.
598:
called the decision a "bombshell", with campaigners critical that the previous state of affairs had meant that many immigrants failed to attend their hearings and were not aware that they had one in the first place. Numerous requests to stop deportations where immigrants were not told a venue or date
404:
elicited a stance from the defendant's legal team that while two documents in different envelopes received on the same day would be inadmissible, two documents in a single envelope would not. Zimmer further argued that
Congress had attempted to simplify the process for immigrants when it required the
534:
At one level, today's dispute may seem semantic, focused on a single word, a small one at that. But words are how the law constrains power. In this case, the law's terms ensure that, when the federal government seeks a procedural advantage against an individual, it will at least supply him with a
576:
is sometimes used to modify a single thing that must be delivered in one package, but it is sometimes used to modify a single thing that can be delivered in multiple installments, rather than in one installment. Context is critical to determine the proper meaning of
535:
single and reasonably comprehensive statement of the nature of the proceedings against him. If men must turn square corners when they deal with the government, it cannot be too much to expect the government to turn square corners when it deals with them.
564:'s words that a "good textualist is not a literalist", he wrote: "Ordinary meaning and literal meaning are two different things. And judges interpreting statutes should follow ordinary meaning, not literal meaning." He went further, elaborating:
2231:
2201:
1027:
919:
2216:
2005:
607:, predicted that there would be greater delays in people being placed into the deportation process. As of July 2021, Niz-Chavez's wife has been deported, and he is waiting for a new hearing at immigration court, living in
585:
In response to
Gorsuch's analogy of a car being sent in installments, Kavanaugh raised examples of job applications and a manuscript being submitted by an author chapter-by-chapter as acceptable instances of installments.
1701:
1242:
245:
2580:
420:
2570:
1941:
1696:
393:
prior to "notice to appear" signified that
Congress had intended for the process to be underpinned by one document; he also stated that it had intentionally moved away from a two-step process. The
310:
was made; among the arguments, Niz-Chavez asserted that he had been inadequately notified and hence the stop-time rule had not been invoked. The appeal was rejected by the Board as well as by the
1131:
468:
2491:
2072:
1406:
1017:
2119:
397:'s lawyer, Anthony Yang, argued that a "written notice" could come in more than one document, highlighting that in Oregon law, notices to arbitrate could be served over several documents.
911:
143:"A notice to appear sufficient to trigger the IIRIRA's stop-time rule is a single document containing all the information about an individual's removal hearing specified in §1229(a)(1)."
1767:
1268:
348:. However, it did not rule on whether a collection of notices could constitute a single notice to appear, especially where one of the notices did not contain the required information.
1711:
1503:
1706:
1347:
82:
879:
2565:
2436:
311:
118:
841:
1911:
2144:
1854:
1232:
2180:
1727:
2441:
2057:
1669:
1664:
1399:
278:
hearing notices need to be in a single document. Although a highly technical case, the decision received attention for being predicated on the single-letter word
1886:
1866:
1650:
419:
Gorsuch pressed Zimmer on why the Court should not treat the immigration authorities' stance on whether multiple documents could invoke the stop-time rule with
2221:
2211:
595:
2416:
2077:
1166:
2575:
2451:
2206:
2109:
1849:
1681:
799:
1123:
1392:
985:
2431:
2149:
1891:
1443:
2560:
1921:
1659:
1655:
556:... Nothing more. But the Court today nonetheless imposes a fourth, atextual single-document requirement for the notice to stop the 10-year clock.
2124:
2092:
1916:
1752:
754:
1282:
2299:
1206:
1067:
682:
625:
366:
2129:
2294:
1629:
552:
The statute nowhere says that written notice must be provided in a single document. Rather, the statute lists three essential requirements
1965:
1792:
1732:
645:
394:
1906:
1202:
1062:
981:
871:
677:
38:
2067:
249:
831:
1307:
721:
2264:
2154:
1787:
1564:
1415:
1100:
2175:
2170:
518:, someone who agrees to buy "a car" would hardly expect to receive the chassis today, wheels next week, and an engine to follow.
409:, criticizing the government for not having "taken the hint from the eight-justice majority" in that case and calling the case "
2274:
2035:
1973:
1817:
1493:
292:
Non-citizens are eligible to apply to the attorney general for cancellation of deportation if they meet certain criteria: for
2426:
1989:
1931:
447:
1018:"Argument analysis: Justices revisit immigration notice provision, parsing statutory text while urging practical solutions"
2476:
2360:
2226:
2082:
1949:
1273:
637:
435:
Jayesh Rathod predicted that there was a good chance of "another lopsided decision in favor of noncitizens", referring to
1926:
1859:
1737:
307:
1807:
599:
were granted by judges as a result of the case; experts warned that the courts would be "flooded" with these motions.
267:
955:
2496:
2486:
2471:
2365:
2350:
2246:
1802:
1559:
1508:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1464:
2236:
1829:
1604:
620:
1599:
2538:
2466:
2289:
1839:
1812:
1747:
1498:
1155:
788:
2284:
1691:
1686:
1609:
1594:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1554:
1533:
1518:
426:, with Zimmer replying that the stance had not been based on the text of the law. Following oral arguments,
405:
notice to appear to be in a single document. Justice
Gorsuch referred back to the Court's prior decision in
344:, ruling that notices to appear without times and dates could not cause the stop-time rule to be invoked in
502:
notice containing all the information
Congress has specified. To an ordinary reader—both in 1996 and today—
2532:
1957:
977:
66:
510:
single document containing the required information, not a mishmash of pieces with some assembly required
1762:
1757:
1523:
1351:
77:
1384:
2411:
2381:
2355:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2087:
2062:
412:
374:
358:
1634:
744:
2320:
2027:
1797:
1584:
1448:
1233:"Unusual alliance of justices holds government to strict notice requirement in removal proceedings"
334:
91:
1376:
1195:
1054:
669:
2325:
2114:
1896:
1161:
794:
604:
600:
322:
Following the Sixth
Circuit's rejection of the appeal in October 2019, a petition for a writ of
2481:
2456:
2335:
2315:
2139:
1982:
1844:
476:
210:
2446:
2421:
2097:
1528:
1513:
1278:
915:
836:
648:
driving his opinion, with CNN noting that his textualism had underpinned both this case and
459:(right). Both opinion writers had attended the same school and clerked for Kennedy together.
280:
114:
2461:
2386:
1614:
1358:
633:
484:
472:
456:
452:
370:
202:
186:
166:
2511:
2501:
2269:
1997:
1624:
711:
561:
494:
Focusing on that shortest word and criticizing the government's stance, Gorsuch wrote:
480:
340:
174:
1092:
832:"Neil Gorsuch's Persnickety Libertarianism Gave Immigrants a Win at the Supreme Court"
624:, highlighting that Gorsuch and Kavanaugh were again at odds despite having both been
2554:
2391:
2012:
526:
as either a "countable object" or a "noncountable abstraction", he stated the use of
329:
2516:
2279:
1619:
1312:
950:
545:
463:
The majority opinion attracted attention for being based on the single-letter word
401:
362:
306:
Following unsuccessful requests to have his deportation canceled, an appeal to the
271:
198:
178:
158:
530:
meant that lawmakers had intended for it to be the former. He wrote in summation:
253:
2232:
Border
Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1742:
1676:
783:
488:
275:
190:
2506:
1237:
1022:
749:
716:
641:
428:
332:
on the issue. The
Supreme Court had previously ruled on the stop-time rule in
324:
293:
124:
2241:
2196:
1589:
1538:
629:
386:
300:
1702:
Illegal
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
1308:"US supreme court gives hope to long-term immigrants in deportation ruling"
560:
Criticizing the majority's overly literalist reading and invoking
Justice
2134:
2102:
1834:
1824:
1367:
1127:
1096:
941:
608:
544:
Written by Justice Kavanaugh joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice
872:"Gorsuch's textualism gives immigrant a chance to challenge deportation"
328:
was filed in January 2020 and granted in June 2020, there having been a
1317:
2492:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
1900:
1712:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
1707:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
57:
Agusto Niz-Chavez, Petitioner v. Merrick B. Garland, Attorney General
1697:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
446:
1768:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1388:
1156:"Kavanaugh and Gorsuch Both Went to the Same Elite Prep School"
274:, the Court ruled against the federal government, holding that
33:
1728:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1093:"William Barr: US attorney general to leave post by Christmas"
875:
1269:"What the right to proper notice means for deportation cases"
1124:"Senate confirms Merrick Garland as Biden's attorney general"
789:"A Sharp Divide at the Supreme Court Over a One-Letter Word"
572:
is not a one-size-fits-all word. As relevant here, the word
227:
Gorsuch, joined by Thomas, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett
912:"An unusual coalition as Supreme Court rules for immigrant"
266:, 593 U.S. 155 (2021), was an immigration decision by the
498:
To trigger the stop-time rule, the government must serve
2581:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
373:
being confirmed by the Senate in March 2021 after the
2571:
United States immigration and naturalization case law
1733:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
2437:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
568:
As a matter of ordinary parlance, however, the word
2525:
2400:
2374:
2308:
2255:
2189:
2163:
2046:
1940:
1875:
1780:
1720:
1643:
1547:
1481:
1457:
1436:
1423:
239:
231:
223:
218:
147:
137:
104:
99:
72:
62:
52:
45:
26:
1154:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
787:
299:Agusto Niz-Chavez, an unauthorized immigrant from
2181:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
389:'s lawyer, David Zimmer, argued that the use of
351:The highly technical case was previously titled
566:
550:
532:
496:
471:(Justice Gorsuch as author, joined by Justices
2442:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
2120:List of people deported from the United States
1867:Trump administration family separation policy
1400:
1205:. April 29, 2021. KAVANAUGH, J., dissenting.
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
778:
776:
774:
772:
8:
1917:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
865:
863:
861:
859:
2566:History of immigration to the United States
2417:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
1302:
1300:
514:... To build on an illustration we used in
357:, having had its oral arguments during the
2452:Federation for American Immigration Reform
1433:
1407:
1393:
1385:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
23:
2227:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
2222:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
2212:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
2155:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1912:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1682:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1196:"NIZ-CHAVEZ v. GARLAND, ATTORNEY GENERAL"
1055:"NIZ-CHAVEZ v. GARLAND, ATTORNEY GENERAL"
670:"NIZ-CHAVEZ v. GARLAND, ATTORNEY GENERAL"
596:American Immigration Lawyers' Association
479:) and three "liberal" justices (Justices
467:and for its "odd bedfellows", with three
400:Under further questioning, Chief Justice
2432:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1575:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
1444:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1066:. April 29, 2021. Opinion of the Court.
705:
703:
506:notice would seem to suggest just that:
2366:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1922:Executive Office for Immigration Review
1212:from the original on September 29, 2021
1073:from the original on September 29, 2021
688:from the original on September 29, 2021
661:
2382:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1262:
1260:
1103:from the original on December 16, 2020
614:Legal analysts drew parallels between
312:Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
1630:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
1134:from the original on October 19, 2021
1030:from the original on December 4, 2020
988:from the original on October 23, 2021
922:from the original on October 19, 2021
882:from the original on October 19, 2021
844:from the original on October 14, 2021
830:Stern, Mark Joseph (April 29, 2021).
757:from the original on December 4, 2020
367:Attorney General of the United States
21:2021 United States Supreme Court case
7:
2351:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1656:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1016:Rathod, Jayesh (November 10, 2020).
724:from the original on August 15, 2021
2037:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
2007:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1892:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1494:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
1122:Gregorian, Dareh (March 10, 2021).
870:de Vogue, Ariane (April 29, 2021).
802:from the original on April 30, 2021
455:flanked by Neil Gorsuch (left) and
235:Kavanaugh, joined by Roberts, Alito
2125:Mexico–United States border crisis
1907:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1203:Supreme Court of the United States
1169:from the original on July 13, 2018
1063:Supreme Court of the United States
982:Supreme Court of the United States
678:Supreme Court of the United States
522:Distinguishing between the use of
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2576:United States Supreme Court cases
2346:"Streamline" (2005–present)
2068:Central American migrant caravans
1615:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1354:___ (2021) is available from:
1267:Marcelo, Philip (July 13, 2021).
958:from the original on July 1, 2021
640:. Observers also noted Gorsuch's
2130:Mexico–United States border wall
1605:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
1416:Immigration to the United States
1245:from the original on May 4, 2021
1153:Mervosh, Sarah (July 10, 2018).
910:Sherman, Mark (April 29, 2021).
270:. In a 6–3 decision authored by
32:
1887:Department of Homeland Security
745:"Court grants immigration case"
2561:2021 in United States case law
2427:Center for Immigration Studies
2356:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
2341:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1991:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1932:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1687:American Homecoming Act (1989)
1231:Rathod, Jayesh (May 2, 2021).
1:
2477:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
2321:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
2083:Eugenics in the United States
1274:The Christian Science Monitor
710:Elwood, John (June 3, 2020).
638:Georgetown Preparatory School
491:) signing on to the opinion.
2145:Illegal immigrant population
1927:Board of Immigration Appeals
1763:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1758:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1651:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1565:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
1377:Supreme Court (slip opinion)
681:. April 29, 2021. Syllabus.
308:Board of Immigration Appeals
16:2021 U.S. Supreme Court case
2361:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
2336:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
2207:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
2197:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
2176:Canada–United States border
2171:Mexico–United States border
1738:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1600:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
268:United States Supreme Court
2597:
2497:Negative Population Growth
2487:National Immigration Forum
2472:Migration Policy Institute
2247:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1803:Temporary protected status
1585:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
1368:Oyez (oral argument audio)
743:Howe, Amy (June 8, 2020).
1830:Security Advisory Opinion
621:Bostock v. Clayton County
244:
152:
142:
31:
2539:Missing in Brooks County
2467:Mexicans Without Borders
1967:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1840:National Origins Formula
1524:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1499:Civil Rights Act of 1866
1818:Central American Minors
1748:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1610:Nationality Act of 1940
1560:Naturalization Act 1906
1534:Immigration Act of 1891
1519:Immigration Act of 1882
1509:Naturalization Act 1870
1489:Naturalization Law 1802
1465:Naturalization Act 1790
581:in a particular phrase.
469:"conservative" justices
385:In oral arguments, the
369:in December 2020, with
46:Argued November 9, 2020
2533:Borderland (TV series)
2387:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1860:Unaccompanied children
1635:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1425:Relevant colonial era,
583:
558:
537:
520:
460:
131:, 141 S. Ct. 84 (2020)
48:Decided April 29, 2021
2110:Immigration reduction
2021:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1625:War Brides Act (1945)
1504:14th Amendment (1868)
1344:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1099:. December 15, 2020.
944:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
450:
263:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
27:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
2412:Arizona Border Recon
2392:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
2256:Immigration stations
2190:Proposed legislation
2088:Guest worker program
2063:Brooks County, Texas
1975:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1692:Immigration Act 1990
1595:Immigration Act 1924
1580:Immigration Act 1918
1570:Immigration Act 1907
1555:Immigration Act 1903
590:Effects and analysis
375:Biden administration
359:Trump administration
2331:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
2258:and points of entry
2150:Reverse immigration
2029:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1942:Supreme Court cases
1798:Visa Waiver Program
1793:Permanent residence
1620:Magnuson Act (1943)
1449:Plantation Act 1740
1285:on October 19, 2021
636:, and attendees of
335:Pereira v. Sessions
294:permanent residents
2115:Immigration reform
1951:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1897:U.S. Border Patrol
1813:Green Card Lottery
1781:Visas and policies
1743:Real ID Act (2005)
1677:Refugee Act (1980)
1429:international laws
1418:and related topics
1162:The New York Times
795:The New York Times
786:(April 29, 2021).
605:Cornell Law School
601:Stephen Yale-Loehr
540:Dissenting opinion
461:
395:Justice Department
354:Niz-Chavez v. Barr
163:Associate Justices
129:Niz-Chavez v. Barr
111:Niz-Chavez v. Barr
2548:
2547:
2482:Minuteman Project
2457:Improve The Dream
2375:State legislation
2326:"Babylift" (1975)
2300:Washington Avenue
2295:Sullivan's Island
2217:STRIVE Act (2007)
2140:March for America
2093:Human trafficking
1983:Zadvydas v. Davis
1845:Expedited removal
1776:
1775:
1427:United States and
603:, a professor at
259:
258:
211:Amy Coney Barrett
2588:
2447:Community Change
2422:CASA of Maryland
2402:Non-governmental
2316:"Wetback" (1954)
2242:RAISE Act (2017)
2202:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1590:Cable Act (1922)
1539:Geary Act (1892)
1529:Scott Act (1888)
1434:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:. April 29, 2021
1304:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:. Archived from
1279:Associated Press
1264:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1059:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1013:
998:
997:
995:
993:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
916:Associated Press
907:
892:
891:
889:
887:
867:
854:
853:
851:
849:
827:
812:
811:
809:
807:
791:
780:
767:
766:
764:
762:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
707:
698:
697:
695:
693:
687:
674:
666:
626:Trump appointees
555:
513:
451:Retired justice
443:Majority opinion
434:
148:Court membership
36:
35:
24:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2521:
2462:Mexica Movement
2405:
2403:
2396:
2370:
2304:
2257:
2251:
2237:SAFE Act (2015)
2185:
2159:
2098:Human smuggling
2073:Economic impact
2051:
2049:
2042:
1936:
1880:
1878:
1871:
1772:
1716:
1644:1950–1999
1639:
1548:1900–1949
1543:
1514:Page Act (1875)
1477:
1453:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1015:
1014:
1001:
991:
989:
976:
975:
971:
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1437:Colonial era
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1313:The Guardian
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1283:the original
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990:. Retrieved
978:"No. 19-863"
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951:Oyez Project
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924:. Retrieved
884:. Retrieved
846:. Retrieved
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784:Liptak, Adam
759:. Retrieved
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199:Neil Gorsuch
194:
182:
179:Samuel Alito
170:
159:John Roberts
128:
110:
100:Case history
81:
56:
18:
2275:East Boston
1959:Ozawa v. US
1788:Visa policy
1753:DACA (2012)
1324:October 25,
1289:October 23,
1249:October 23,
1216:October 18,
1173:October 19,
1138:October 19,
1107:October 19,
1077:October 18,
1034:October 23,
992:October 21,
962:October 20,
926:October 18,
886:October 18,
848:October 23,
806:October 18,
761:October 23,
728:October 21,
692:October 18,
276:deportation
254:§ 1229
191:Elena Kagan
127:. granted,
2555:Categories
2507:NumbersUSA
2309:Operations
2290:San Ysidro
2050:and events
1877:Government
1277:. Boston.
1238:SCOTUSblog
1023:SCOTUSblog
750:SCOTUSblog
717:SCOTUSblog
656:References
642:textualism
630:law clerks
616:Niz-Chavez
429:SCOTUSblog
325:certiorari
288:Background
63:Docket no.
2285:Otay Mesa
2164:Geography
1850:Detention
628:, former
485:Sotomayor
424:deference
387:plaintiff
301:Guatemala
92:L. Ed. 2d
73:Citations
2103:Coyotaje
1835:E-Verify
1825:US-VISIT
1342:Text of
1243:Archived
1207:Archived
1167:Archived
1132:Archived
1128:NBC News
1101:Archived
1097:BBC News
1068:Archived
1028:Archived
986:Archived
956:Archived
920:Archived
880:Archived
842:Archived
800:Archived
755:Archived
722:Archived
683:Archived
609:Michigan
411:Pereira
224:Majority
119:6th Cir.
115:F. App'x
2078:Effects
1318:Reuters
650:Bostock
516:Pereira
477:Barrett
437:Pereira
422:Chevron
407:Pereira
402:Roberts
346:Pereira
232:Dissent
138:Holding
2031:(2021)
2023:(2021)
2016:(2020)
2001:(2020)
1993:(2011)
1986:(2001)
1977:(1975)
1969:(1923)
1961:(1922)
1953:(1898)
1901:BORTAC
1855:Family
1808:Asylum
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
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1359:Justia
1356:
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524:notice
512:
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481:Breyer
473:Thomas
433:'s
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246:IIRIRA
209:
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183:·
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1350:
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1071:(PDF)
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837:Slate
686:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
546:Alito
489:Kagan
121:2019)
117:523 (
105:Prior
80:155 (
1660:1965
1473:1798
1469:1795
1352:U.S.
1326:2021
1291:2021
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1140:2021
1109:2021
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