5002:. Nkrumah rejected the idealized view of pre-colonial African societies that were classless or non-hierarchical, but accepted that Africa had a spirit of communalism and humanism. While colonial structures had damaged these communal, egalitarian values, they had not fully supplanted them. Nkrumaism then argued that a return to these values through socialist political structures would both heal the disruption caused by colonial structures and allow further development of African societies. The pan-African aspects of Nkrumah's ideology were justified by a claim that all African societies had a community of economic life and that in contradiction to the
5060:, established study groups on Nkrumaism which many civil servants joined to advance their careers. At the same time, the CPP established Ghana Young Pioneers groups for school age children where Nkrumaism was taught. While the tenets were promoted through these various party efforts, applying all aspects of the ideology proved to be difficult for Nkrumah while President of the country. Because of this, some consider Nkrumaism to be "first of all a cultural phenomenon" in Ghana with little impact on the actual politics of the country.
6433:
31:
5013:, fostering a classless economic system, and pan-African unity. While embracing much of MarxistâLeninist philosophy and Soviet political structures at the time, the ideology differed in some key respects. First, while MarxismâLeninism saw revolution as the only way to replace class structures with a socialist egalitarian system, Nkrumah saw reform as the more appropriate case for Africa. He argued that Ghana, and most of the rest of Africa, had never developed the class distinctions which
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4977:. Aside from the MarxistâLeninist framework, this blending of ideas largely only took bits and pieces of other philosophical systems and even its use of traditional African cultural concepts were often stretched to fit into the larger theory. While a major focus of the ideology was ending colonial relationships on the African continent, many of the ideas were
4946:(CPP), founded by Nkrumah in 1949, writes "Nkrumaism simply means Self Reliance, African is capable of managing his own affairs. The values CPP stands for or the guiding principles of Nkrumaism today are those which have guided it throughout its existence. Social justice, Pan-Africanism, Self Determination, African Personality, Anti-Imperialism."
3291:
5034:
He would change this idea after the 1966 coup seeing revolution as increasingly necessary. Second, while
Nkrumah believed in the materialism and economic determinism of Marxism, he argued that focusing on the economic system was only appropriate after achieving independence throughout Africa and that
5072:
Nkrumaism was a verbalization of the requirements of the personal political machine. Professional scribes and amateurs, along with the
Ghanaian Left, were set to the task of providing the coherence and internal consistency required to give a semblance of philosophy to the chaotic assemblage of ideas
5055:
and these had an impact within the Gold Coast colony, independent Ghana, and other parts of Africa in the 1950s and 1960s. The CPP, founded by
Nkrumah in 1949, became a vocal proponent for the teaching and application of Nkrumaism. When he became president in the 1960s, his Minister for Presidential
5029:
From the ancestral lines of communalism, the passage to socialism lies in reform, because the underlying principles are the same. But when this passage carries one through colonialism the reform is revolutionary since the passage from colonialism to genuine
5030:
independence is an act of revolution. But because of the continuity of communalism with socialism, in communalistic society, socialism is not a revolutionary creed, but a restatement in contemporary idiom of the principles underlying communalism.
6246:
4997:
across Africa. The central contention of
Nkrumaism was that African countries, united with one another, needed to adopt socialist political structures which were consistent with the traditional African values of
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1440:
958:
917:
4942:, drawing its strength from modern science and technology and from the traditional African belief that the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." The
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4953:
ideology which blends different sources together while not necessarily borrowing their entire frameworks. In his work, Nkrumah blended different sources from within Africa, the
6234:
5481:
Simms, Rupe (2003). "'I am a Non-Denominational
Christian and a Marxist Socialist:' A Gramscian Analysis of the Convention People's Party and Kwame Nkrumah's Use of Religion".
860:
870:
5068:
Henry
Bretton argues that Nkrumaism was not a coherent ideology, but a vague framework supporting the cult of personality and the centralized rule of Nkrumah. He writes:
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In
Nkrumah's argument, four basic pillars formed the applied aspects of this theory: state ownership of the means of production, a
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around
Nkrumah and the party-building efforts of his political party, the CPP. This was in part achieved through Nkrumah's use of
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and thus reform could reestablish preexisting egalitarianism suited to a post-colonial context. Nkrumah wrote that:
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and fantasies borrowed from all parts of the world and from all periods of history, frequently out of context.
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4934:. Nkrumah defined his belief system as "the ideology of a New Africa, independent and absolutely free from
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In contrast, Yuri
Smertin criticized early works by Nkrumah from a Marxist perspective for distorting
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30:
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2006:
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44:
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2042:
1991:
1986:
1953:
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1809:
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1300:
1182:
1127:
1115:
1090:
746:
731:
703:
693:
628:
600:
456:
380:
250:
97:
4993:
Like other
African political ideologies at the time, the central focus of Nkrumaism was on
6413:
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5813:
5718:
5528:
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2301:
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1981:
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1607:
1345:
1139:
1053:
781:
688:
503:
350:
345:
330:
295:
5833:
5006:
structures that replaced formal colonies, only African unity would create real autonomy.
3079:
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6385:
6350:
6099:
6059:
6049:
5918:
5913:
5903:
5893:
5828:
5788:
5697:
5631:
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5018:
5003:
4999:
4994:
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4962:
4887:
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1365:
1078:
1073:
771:
721:
658:
585:
365:
310:
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255:
240:
52:
1134:
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6437:
6283:
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5873:
5853:
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4001:
3996:
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2181:
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2091:
2037:
2011:
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1550:
983:
791:
786:
756:
741:
489:
375:
355:
325:
315:
305:
300:
202:
34:
4965:. Particularly important in founding this ideology were his study and meetings with
6064:
5989:
5778:
5662:
4459:
4409:
4404:
4389:
4346:
4331:
4301:
4226:
4211:
4186:
4146:
4106:
4081:
4046:
3961:
3179:
3001:
2976:
2941:
2871:
2866:
2851:
2836:
2786:
2776:
2626:
2611:
2601:
2551:
2521:
2506:
2491:
2456:
2276:
2236:
2186:
2136:
2057:
2001:
1008:
751:
726:
466:
275:
260:
140:
6251:
5729:
4449:
156:
5035:
the political struggle was the first order in colonial and neocolonial contexts.
5939:
5863:
5723:
5102:
4935:
4682:
4564:
4399:
4361:
4341:
4281:
4241:
4206:
4141:
4131:
4111:
4066:
3981:
3951:
3913:
3808:
3651:
3581:
3447:
3016:
2961:
2916:
2811:
2756:
2681:
2511:
2501:
2406:
2386:
2346:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2052:
1749:
1647:
1622:
1310:
1245:
776:
736:
698:
446:
75:
6420:
5434:
6039:
5949:
5536:
5382:
4950:
4652:
4559:
4296:
4126:
3828:
3783:
3011:
2821:
2651:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2426:
2351:
2311:
2306:
2146:
1946:
1921:
1617:
1240:
1095:
1085:
988:
929:
648:
605:
580:
6029:
6024:
5868:
5692:
5682:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5014:
4923:
4891:
4647:
4489:
4321:
4031:
3868:
3743:
3723:
3713:
3358:
3246:
3189:
3137:
3117:
2946:
2571:
2166:
1931:
610:
565:
370:
335:
320:
172:
167:
150:
5470:
The Regime Change of Kwame Nkrumah: Epic Heroism in Africa and the Diaspora
17:
5783:
5139:
5137:
5117:
3172:
3167:
2966:
2047:
1500:
1048:
978:
555:
360:
290:
4824:
4795:
3302:
1122:
6365:
5502:
4982:
4379:
3858:
3838:
1941:
1190:
1063:
6247:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
5426:
The Rise and Fall of Kwame Nkrumah: A Study of Personal Rule in Africa
5178:
5176:
5743:
5702:
5022:
4931:
4384:
1936:
436:
183:
5494:
4938:, organized on a continental scale, founded upon the conception of
4903:
4196:
29:
5600:
3629:
5604:
5525:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Marxism, Socialism and Communism
1471:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
5167:
4957:, and black intellectuals in North America and Europe, like
5369:
Agyeman, Opoku (1988). "Of Friends and Foes of Nkrumaism".
1441:
An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
6220:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
1261:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
5195:
5193:
5191:
5461:
Kwame Nkrumah: The Anatomy of an African Dictatorship
5253:
5251:
5249:
5212:
5210:
5208:
6235:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
5510:
Smith, Curtis C. (1991). "Nkrumaism as Utopianism".
6333:
6302:
6264:
6147:
6126:
6117:
5932:
5771:
5762:
5711:
5645:
5638:
5043:The ideology of Nkrumaism formed a key part of the
861:
The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky
5563:"Nkrumaism: The Quest For A Pan-African Ideology"
5413:The Political and Social Thought of Kwame Nkrumah
5081:by combining religious and traditional elements.
5454:. New York: African Heritage Studies Publishers.
4985:political analysis which it claims to support.
891:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism
5051:in the CPP and government. His arguments were
5616:
4849:
3327:
1221:The Condition of the Working Class in England
1159:
524:
8:
5463:. New York: Africana Publishing Corporation.
1216:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
871:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder
841:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
4906:) from 1952 until 1960 and subsequently as
6123:
5768:
5642:
5623:
5609:
5601:
5182:
5143:
4856:
4842:
3345:
3334:
3320:
1908:
1361:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
1236:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
1177:
1166:
1152:
542:
531:
517:
39:
6205:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
4981:, diverting the scientific nature of the
81:Stolen African art in Western collections
6165:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
5924:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
5353:
5341:
5133:
3357:
2019:
1971:
1911:
1189:
811:The Development of Capitalism in Russia
554:
51:
5329:
5317:
5240:
5228:
2142:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
913:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
5371:The Journal of Modern African Studies
5305:
5269:
5257:
5216:
5199:
5155:
4882:based on the thinking and writing of
4625:International socialist organizations
3573:To each according to his contribution
3055:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
1431:Change the World Without Taking Power
7:
6200:International African Service Bureau
5452:The Political Ideas of Kwame Nkrumah
5293:
5281:
4930:theory to the social context of the
27:African socialist political ideology
6241:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
1386:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
1316:Theses on the Philosophy of History
6170:All-African Trade Union Federation
5581:Forson, Prempeh (1 October 2016).
5561:Azikiwe, Abayomi (16 March 2007).
5433:Convention People's Party (2016).
25:
6230:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
5428:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
1406:Time, Labor and Social Domination
831:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
6431:
6419:
6409:
6408:
6399:
6398:
4823:
4811:
4794:
3365:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3113:21st-century communist theorists
1456:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
1371:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
1291:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
1197:
1133:
1121:
1109:
564:
492:
484:
59:
6356:All-African Peoples' Conference
5523:Wilczynski, Jozef, ed. (1981).
1815:Theory of historical trajectory
1693:Dictatorship of the proletariat
1396:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
1296:History and Class Consciousness
1251:Critique of the Gotha Programme
6469:Eponymous political ideologies
5168:Convention People's Party 2016
5146:, p. 394, Nkrumah, Kwame.
1613:Socially necessary labour time
1511:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
1401:The Sublime Object of Ideology
1326:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1:
6524:African and Black nationalism
6381:United States of Latin Africa
6210:Organisation of African Unity
6139:African Leadership University
3458:Critique of political economy
1534:Critique of political economy
1026:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
213:Organisation of African Unity
6479:Political movements in Ghana
6195:First Pan-African Conference
5400:Politics in Ghana: 1946-1960
4910:before being deposed by the
4728:Socialist calculation debate
4698:List of socialist economists
4673:Economic calculation problem
3558:Socialist mode of production
3415:Socialist calculation debate
1571:Falling profit-rate tendency
1351:The Society of the Spectacle
669:Proletarian internationalism
5185:, p. 240, Imperialism.
4955:canon of Western philosophy
4926:theory which aims to adapt
4922:Nkrumaism is a pan-African
4912:National Liberation Council
3045:Capitalism Nature Socialism
1561:Concrete and abstract labor
1451:Capital in the Anthropocene
1376:Social Justice and the City
1271:The Accumulation of Capital
6545:
6514:Marxist schools of thought
6134:African Leadership Academy
5424:Bretton, Henry L. (1964).
1321:Dialectic of Enlightenment
1014:Death and funeral of Lenin
178:Third International Theory
6426:Pan-Africanism portal
6394:
6190:Economic Freedom Fighters
6180:Convention People's Party
6155:African Unification Front
5537:10.1007/978-1-349-05806-8
5468:Rahman, Ahmad A. (2007).
5383:10.1017/s0022278x00010648
4944:Convention People's Party
4723:Socialism and LGBT rights
3667:Socialist-oriented market
3615:Socialist planned economy
3518:Material balance planning
1466:Literature and Revolution
1426:Late Victorian Holocausts
1356:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
1341:The Wretched of the Earth
6346:African-American leftism
6095:Henry Sylvester Williams
5859:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
5459:Omari, T. Peter (1972).
3662:Socialist market economy
3587:Workers' self-management
3553:Socialism in one country
3400:Age of the Enlightenment
1416:The Origin of Capitalism
1286:The State and Revolution
959:History of Soviet Russia
851:The State and Revolution
442:African and Black Topics
341:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
6404:Pan-Africanism category
6376:United States of Africa
6371:Union of African States
6361:East African Federation
6310:Ethnic groups of Africa
6215:Pan African Association
5804:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
5750:United States of Africa
5404:Oxford University Press
5398:Austin, Dennis (1964).
4663:Criticism of capitalism
3674:Participatory economics
3508:Labour-time calculation
2117:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
1760:Relations of production
1643:Base and superstructure
1496:Dialectical materialism
1461:The Revolution Betrayed
1281:Terrorism and Communism
1276:Philosophical Notebooks
1231:The Communist Manifesto
999:Anti-religious campaign
881:Foundations of Leninism
679:Revolutionary situation
674:Revolutionary defeatism
644:Dialectical materialism
472:Reparations for slavery
404:Ethnic groups of Africa
6185:East African Community
5824:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
5673:Anti-Western sentiment
5075:
5032:
4668:Criticism of socialism
3620:Decentralized planning
3523:Peerâtoâpeer economics
3060:Historical Materialism
1805:Proletarian revolution
1800:Primitive accumulation
1795:Historical determinism
462:Anti-Western sentiment
271:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
236:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
37:
6090:Frances Cress Welsing
5567:Pan-African News Wire
5483:Sociology of Religion
5070:
5049:democratic centralism
5027:
4940:one and united Africa
3296:Philosophy portal
3090:Science & Society
1708:Democratic centralism
1566:Factors of production
1436:Caliban and the Witch
1381:Women, Race and Class
994:National delimitation
969:Collective leadership
639:Democratic centralism
634:Collective leadership
498:Pan-Africanism portal
33:
6272:Black Star of Africa
6225:Pan-African Congress
6175:Conseil de l'Entente
5955:Edward Wilmot Blyden
5879:Abdias do Nascimento
5844:Toussaint Louverture
5583:"What is Nkrumaism?"
5450:Gyan, Afari (1976).
5079:scientific socialism
4818:Communism portal
4801:Socialism portal
3493:Industrial democracy
3443:Collective ownership
3308:Socialism portal
3284:Communism portal
3153:History of communism
3148:Economic determinism
3133:Criticism of Marxism
3123:Creative destruction
1883:Marxism and religion
1603:Scientific socialism
1506:Philosophy of nature
1391:Imagined Communities
1256:Dialectics of Nature
1128:Socialism portal
1116:Communism portal
266:Edward Francis Small
246:Babacar Sedikh Diouf
88:Black Star of Africa
6484:Socialism in Africa
6325:Conflicts in Africa
6315:Languages of Africa
6289:Pan-African colours
6010:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
5653:African nationalism
5411:Biney, Ama (2011).
5272:, pp. 125â126.
5011:one-party democracy
4703:Market abolitionism
4688:Left-libertarianism
3625:Inclusive Democracy
3592:Workplace democracy
3438:Calculation in kind
3420:Socialist economics
3410:Revolutions of 1848
3040:Capital & Class
1720:False consciousness
1668:Commodity fetishism
1658:Class consciousness
1576:Means of production
1411:The Age of Extremes
1331:The Long Revolution
1266:What Is to Be Done?
1226:The German Ideology
1140:Politics portal
1004:New Economic Policy
947:February Revolution
821:What Is to Be Done?
664:National liberation
419:Conflicts in Africa
409:Languages of Africa
386:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
208:Conscious Community
126:African nationalism
121:African communalism
93:Pan-African colours
45:the Politics series
6494:Types of socialism
6489:Socialism in Ghana
6341:African philosophy
6320:Religion in Africa
6045:Zephania Mothopeng
5995:Amy Ashwood Garvey
5970:John Henrik Clarke
5960:Stokely Carmichael
5945:Molefi Kete Asante
5899:John Nyathi Pokela
5884:Gamal Abdel Nasser
5474:Palgrave Macmillan
5417:Palgrave Macmillan
4908:President of Ghana
4880:political ideology
4708:Marxist philosophy
3528:Production for use
3498:Inputâoutput model
3463:Economic democracy
3254:Worker cooperative
3232:Left-wing populism
3158:Left-wing politics
3095:Socialist Register
3085:Rethinking Marxism
1878:Literary criticism
1581:Mode of production
1446:Capitalist Realism
1306:The Black Jacobins
1049:Anti-Leninist left
1044:26 Baku Commissars
952:October Revolution
942:Russian Revolution
937:RSDLP (Bolsheviks)
762:Grigori Sokolnikov
684:Self-determination
575:Schools of thought
414:Religion in Africa
131:African philosophy
38:
6474:Politics of Ghana
6446:
6445:
6438:Africa portal
6278:Le Marron Inconnu
6260:
6259:
6113:
6112:
5909:Ahmed Sékou Touré
5758:
5757:
5678:Black nationalism
5658:African socialism
5546:978-1-349-05806-8
5098:African socialism
4932:African continent
4877:African socialist
4866:
4865:
4658:Communist society
4630:Socialist parties
3889:Saint-Simonianism
3478:Equal opportunity
3468:Economic planning
3405:French Revolution
3344:
3343:
3185:Political ecology
3163:Marxian economics
2102:Council communism
2070:
2069:
1997:Neue Marx-LektĂŒre
1959:Regulation school
1848:Cultural analysis
1740:Lumpenproletariat
1683:Cultural hegemony
1673:Communist society
1663:Classless society
1598:Productive forces
1336:Guerrilla Warfare
1209:Theoretical works
1176:
1175:
925:Prague Conference
804:Theoretical works
654:Labor aristocracy
541:
540:
231:Ahmed Sékou Touré
146:Black nationalism
136:African socialism
116:African anarchism
16:(Redirected from
6536:
6529:Authoritarianism
6436:
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6412:
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6402:
6401:
6294:Pan-African flag
6124:
6070:Randall Robinson
6005:Leonard Jeffries
5985:W. E. B. Du Bois
5980:Cheikh Anta Diop
5975:Martin R. Delany
5799:David Comissiong
5769:
5668:Anti-imperialism
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5053:widely published
5045:personality cult
4971:W. E. B. Du Bois
4928:MarxistâLeninist
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4851:
4844:
4830:Organized Labour
4828:
4827:
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4798:
4743:Workers' council
4380:Gracchi Brothers
3904:Social democracy
3647:Market socialism
3635:Project Cybersyn
3563:Soviet democracy
3548:Social ownership
3503:Internationalism
3483:Free association
3453:Common ownership
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3259:Workers' council
3080:Race & Class
1987:Frankfurt School
1954:Neo-Gramscianism
1927:MarxismâLeninism
1909:
1853:Cultural Studies
1810:World revolution
1755:Private property
1301:Prison Notebooks
1201:
1178:
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816:
747:Grigory Zinoviev
732:Nikolai Bukharin
704:World revolution
694:Soviet democracy
629:Anti-imperialism
591:MarxismâLeninism
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519:
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457:Anti-imperialism
381:W. E. B. Du Bois
251:Cheikh Anta Diop
98:Pan-African flag
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6504:Pan-nationalism
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6414:Africa category
6390:
6329:
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6256:
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6105:Omali Yeshitela
6085:Issa Laye Thiaw
6015:Maulana Karenga
6000:John G. Jackson
5928:
5849:Patrice Lumumba
5814:Muammar Gaddafi
5754:
5719:African century
5707:
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5591:
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5580:
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5529:Macmillan Press
5522:
5512:Utopian Studies
5509:
5495:10.2307/3712336
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4949:Nkrumaism is a
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4738:Socialist state
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4678:Economic system
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3543:Social dividend
3533:Sharing economy
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3237:Universal class
3128:Conflict theory
3108:
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3075:New Left Review
3030:
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1982:Budapest School
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1905:Common variants
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1678:Critical theory
1638:
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1608:Surplus product
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1346:Reading Capital
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689:Socialist state
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601:Right communism
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504:Politics portal
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351:Patrice Lumumba
346:Omali Yeshitela
331:Muammar Gaddafi
296:Issa Laye Thiaw
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6499:Pan-Africanism
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6060:Runoko Rashidi
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5919:Robert Sobukwe
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5914:Haile Selassie
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5904:Thomas Sankara
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5894:Julius Nyerere
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5809:Anténor Firmin
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5794:AmĂlcar Cabral
5791:
5789:Nnamdi Azikiwe
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5555:External links
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5489:(4): 463â477.
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5377:(2): 373â376.
5364:
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5356:, p. 374.
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5019:Vladimir Lenin
5000:egalitarianism
4995:decolonization
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4967:C. L. R. James
4963:George Padmore
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3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3242:Vulgar Marxism
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:Related topics
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Monthly Review
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3050:Constellations
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2080:Other variants
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1964:Third-worldist
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:Historiography
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Class struggle
1786:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Metabolic rift
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:Marxist ethics
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:Ways of Seeing
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1079:Left communism
1076:
1071:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:Related topics
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
956:
955:
954:
949:
939:
934:
933:
932:
922:
921:
920:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
887:
877:
867:
857:
847:
837:
827:
817:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
772:Amadeo Bordiga
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
722:Vladimir Lenin
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
659:Liquidationism
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
561:
560:
552:
551:
539:
538:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
500:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Thomas Sankara
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
311:Julius Nyerere
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
286:Haile Selassie
283:
281:George Padmore
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
256:C. L. R. James
253:
248:
243:
241:Amos N. Wilson
238:
233:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:
210:
205:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
84:
83:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
53:Pan-Africanism
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6541:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6464:Kwame Nkrumah
6462:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6439:
6429:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6405:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6284:Lion of Judah
6282:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6160:African Union
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6119:Organizations
6116:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6080:Burning Spear
6078:
6076:
6075:Walter Rodney
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Motsoko Pheko
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6035:Archie Mafeje
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Alice Kinloch
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:Kwame Nkrumah
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5874:Robert Mugabe
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5854:Samora Machel
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:Jomo Kenyatta
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:Marcus Garvey
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5612:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5344:, p. 87.
5343:
5338:
5335:
5332:, p. 14.
5331:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5311:
5308:, p. 85.
5307:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5260:, p. 34.
5259:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5243:, p. 59.
5242:
5237:
5234:
5231:, p. 73.
5230:
5225:
5222:
5219:, p. 33.
5218:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5161:
5158:, p. 31.
5157:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4975:Father Divine
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4959:Marcus Garvey
4956:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:. Nkrumah, a
4885:
4884:Kwame Nkrumah
4881:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Related lists
4759:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Progressivism
4716:
4714:
4713:Nanosocialism
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:Organizations
4614:
4613:
4606:
4605:Ocasio-Cortez
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:van der Lubbe
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
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3897:
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3879:Revolutionary
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3814:Laissez-faire
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3719:Authoritarian
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3568:Strike action
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3473:Equal liberty
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3215:Revolutionary
3213:
3211:
3208:
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3195:Authoritarian
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2997:Moufawad-Paul
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2110:
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2107:Eurocommunism
2105:
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2092:Austromarxism
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2038:Communization
2036:
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2025:
2024:
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2018:
2013:
2012:Praxis School
2010:
2008:
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1988:
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1551:Crisis theory
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984:War communism
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793:
792:Antonio Negri
790:
788:
787:Kwame Nkrumah
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:György Lukåcs
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Andrei Bubnov
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
742:Joseph Stalin
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491:
490:Africa portal
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415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Walter Rodney
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Robert Mugabe
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Marcus Garvey
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:Kwame Nkrumah
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Julius Malema
304:
302:
301:Jomo Kenyatta
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
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203:African Union
201:
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197:Organizations
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67:
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62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
36:
35:Kwame Nkrumah
32:
19:
6276:
6239:
6065:Paul Robeson
5990:Frantz Fanon
5965:Aimé Césaire
5834:Modibo KeĂŻta
5779:Dennis Akumu
5742:
5735:
5728:
5687:
5663:Afrocentrism
5590:. Retrieved
5586:
5570:. Retrieved
5566:
5524:
5515:
5511:
5486:
5482:
5472:. New York:
5469:
5460:
5451:
5439:. Retrieved
5425:
5415:. New York:
5412:
5399:
5374:
5370:
5363:Bibliography
5354:Agyeman 1988
5349:
5342:Bretton 1964
5337:
5325:
5313:
5301:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5236:
5224:
5163:
5151:
5090:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5042:
5033:
5028:
5008:
4992:
4948:
4921:
4894:, served as
4873:Consciencism
4872:
4868:
4867:
3853:
3774:Evolutionary
3694:21st-century
3488:Freed market
3180:Municipalism
2992:Bhattacharya
2137:Situationist
2121:
2112:Instrumental
1765:State theory
1730:Immiseration
1725:Human nature
1715:Exploitation
1545:accumulation
1074:Luxemburgism
1009:Soviet Union
918:2nd Congress
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
752:Alexei Rykov
727:Leon Trotsky
595:
467:Black people
276:Frantz Fanon
261:Dennis Akumu
182:
162:
155:
141:Afrocentrism
6127:Educational
5940:Marimba Ani
5864:Thabo Mbeki
5772:Politicians
5724:Black power
5518:(3): 31â36.
5441:3 September
5435:"Nkrumaism"
5330:Rahman 2007
5318:Austin 1964
5241:Rahman 2007
5229:Rahman 2007
5103:Black Power
5004:neocolonial
4936:imperialism
4871:(sometimes
4805:WikiProject
4683:French Left
4475:Spiridonova
4374:Politicians
4287:Castoriadis
3967:Saint-Simon
3919:Third World
3914:Syndicalism
3849:Nationalist
3824:Libertarian
3789:Free-market
3652:Lange model
3640:Soviet-type
3610:Communalism
3582:Vanguardism
3538:Spontaneism
3448:Cooperative
3394:Development
3143:Communalism
2542:Wallerstein
2132:Revisionist
1863:Film theory
1843:Criminology
1838:Archaeology
1750:Proletariat
1735:Imperialism
1648:Bourgeoisie
1623:Wage labour
1516:Reification
1311:On Practice
1069:Libertarian
777:Ho Chi Minh
737:Lev Kamenev
699:Vanguardism
452:Afro-Latino
76:African art
6453:Categories
6040:Ali Mazrui
5950:Steve Biko
5764:Proponents
5402:. London:
5306:Omari 1972
5270:Biney 2011
5258:Smith 1991
5217:Smith 1991
5200:Simms 2003
5156:Smith 1991
5129:References
5064:Criticisms
4918:Definition
4900:Gold Coast
4776:Socialists
4771:By country
4653:Capitalism
4535:Mitterrand
4500:Gerhardsen
4445:Liebknecht
4430:Markievicz
4357:Varoufakis
4307:Fotopoulos
3977:Saint-Just
3972:Buonarroti
3957:Campanella
3894:Scientific
3829:Marhaenism
3784:Fourierism
3769:Ecological
3749:Democratic
3200:Democratic
3065:Mediations
2677:Przeworski
2617:Poulantzas
2467:Sivanandan
2422:Bettelheim
2322:Horkheimer
2317:MariĂĄtegui
2292:Pashukanis
2217:Liebknecht
2147:Wertkritik
2087:Analytical
1947:Trotskyism
1922:Autonomist
1913:Structural
1893:Philosophy
1833:Aesthetics
1618:Value-form
1586:Capitalist
1491:Alienation
1484:Philosophy
1241:Grundrisse
1096:Proletkult
1086:Mensheviks
1059:Jacobinism
989:Red Terror
930:Bolsheviks
649:Dual power
606:Trotskyism
581:Bolshevism
447:Afro-Asian
110:Ideologies
18:Nkrumahism
6459:Nkrumaism
6148:Political
6030:Malcolm X
6025:Fela Kuti
5869:Tom Mboya
5730:NĂ©gritude
5693:Sankarism
5688:Nkrumaism
5683:Garveyism
5592:31 August
5572:31 August
5391:251058460
5294:Gyan 1976
5282:Gyan 1976
5123:Sankarism
5113:Lumumbism
5108:Garveyism
5056:Affairs,
5015:Karl Marx
4951:syncretic
4924:socialist
4914:in 1966.
4892:socialist
4869:Nkrumaism
4648:Anarchism
4570:Gorbachev
4420:Malatesta
4415:Bernstein
4192:Pankhurst
4172:Pannekoek
4162:Luxemburg
4117:Plekhanov
4092:Carpenter
4087:Kropotkin
3884:Ricardian
3874:Religious
3869:Reformism
3854:Nkrumaism
3844:Municipal
3744:Communism
3739:Christian
3724:Blanquism
3714:Anarchism
3657:Mutualism
3359:Socialism
3247:Economism
3210:Reformist
3190:Socialism
3138:Communism
3118:Anarchism
2972:Coulthard
2897:McDonnell
2857:Screpanti
2767:Rowbotham
2632:Harnecker
2442:Althusser
2382:Deutscher
2222:Kollontai
2212:Luxemburg
2192:Plekhanov
2122:Nkrumaism
2033:Classical
2007:Political
1932:Guevarism
1888:Sociology
1868:Geography
1688:Democracy
1636:Sociology
1591:Socialist
1556:Commodity
1021:Comintern
974:Civil War
611:Workerism
596:Nkrumaism
586:Bordigism
371:Tom Mboya
336:Musa Ngum
321:Malcolm X
173:Sankarism
168:Rastafari
163:Nkrumaism
157:NĂ©gritude
151:Garveyism
6519:Leninism
6303:Dynamics
5784:Idi Amin
5712:Concepts
5646:Variants
5639:Ideology
5587:GhanaWeb
5118:Mobutism
5085:See also
4875:) is an
4766:Category
4505:Erlander
4465:Kerensky
4435:Connolly
4292:Thompson
4277:Bookchin
4267:Montseny
4217:Vanzetti
4182:Einstein
4152:Landauer
4057:Saltykov
4052:Lassalle
4012:Proudhon
3794:Gandhian
3779:Feminist
3729:Buddhist
3709:Agrarian
3687:Variants
3351:a series
3349:Part of
3173:Old Left
3168:New Left
3035:Antipode
3029:Journals
2932:Heinrich
2907:Roediger
2902:Douzinas
2892:Hennessy
2847:Holloway
2762:Hartsock
2752:Eagleton
2737:Federici
2712:Bannerji
2687:Therborn
2667:RanciĂšre
2662:Easthope
2642:Anderson
2637:Altvater
2537:O'Connor
2532:MĂ©szĂĄros
2527:Guattari
2482:Thompson
2472:Miliband
2452:Williams
2437:Hobsbawm
2412:Emmanuel
2392:Beauvoir
2357:Lefebvre
2302:Benjamin
2267:Bukharin
2247:Zinoviev
2242:Grossman
2227:Bogdanov
2202:Connolly
2182:Lafargue
2127:Orthodox
2097:Centrist
2048:Leninism
2043:Feminist
1992:Humanist
1973:Hegelian
1501:Ideology
1183:a series
1181:Part of
979:Red Army
623:Concepts
557:Leninism
548:a series
546:Part of
398:Dynamics
361:Sam Mbah
291:Idi Amin
43:Part of
6509:Marxism
6366:Kwanzaa
6334:Related
6265:Symbols
6252:ZANUâPF
5503:3712336
5021:saw in
4989:Beliefs
4983:Marxist
4979:utopian
4902:(later
4898:of the
4600:SĂĄnchez
4585:Sankara
4545:Mandela
4530:Kreisky
4520:Allende
4515:Senghor
4510:Douglas
4495:Durruti
4460:Trotsky
4352:Graeber
4332:Hampton
4302:Chomsky
4247:Marcuse
4232:Gramsci
4222:Bordiga
4212:Polanyi
4167:Russell
4157:Berkman
4147:Goldman
4137:Du Bois
4107:Kautsky
4102:Bellamy
4067:Tolstoy
4042:Wallace
4027:Bakunin
4017:Greeley
4007:Blanqui
3987:Fourier
3934:Zionist
3924:Utopian
3864:Popular
3859:Owenism
3839:Marxism
3819:Liberal
3804:Islamic
3764:Ethical
3759:Digital
3734:Chinese
3699:African
3383:Outline
3378:History
3272:Outline
3225:Utopian
3002:Srnicek
2987:Toscano
2982:Seymour
2937:Prashad
2887:Sankara
2882:Berardi
2867:Hampton
2842:Burawoy
2812:Panitch
2807:Haraway
2797:Cleaver
2782:Brenner
2747:Balibar
2702:Postone
2692:Losurdo
2622:Vattimo
2592:Gonzalo
2587:Jameson
2577:Parenti
2517:Liebman
2512:Guevara
2402:Nkrumah
2397:Sombart
2372:Padmore
2342:Kalecki
2337:Marcuse
2297:Bordiga
2282:Gramsci
2237:Trotsky
2197:Du Bois
2187:Kautsky
2063:Western
1942:Titoism
1827:Aspects
1783:History
1703:Radical
1541:Capital
1246:Capital
1191:Marxism
1064:Marxism
907:History
431:Related
5933:Others
5744:Ujamaa
5737:Ubuntu
5703:Zikism
5543:
5527:. The
5501:
5389:
5039:Impact
5023:Europe
4595:Marcos
4590:ChĂĄvez
4580:Corbyn
4555:Manley
4550:DubÄek
4540:Nasser
4480:Makhno
4470:Attlee
4455:Martov
4440:Gandhi
4395:Babeuf
4385:Mazdak
4347:Hedges
4327:Ăcalan
4312:Newton
4272:Sartre
4262:Guérin
4257:Orwell
4207:Korsch
4202:LukĂĄcs
4187:Keller
4177:Rocker
4122:Ferrer
4077:Morris
4072:Michel
4047:Lavrov
4037:Engels
4022:Herzen
3997:Leroux
3929:Yellow
3834:Market
3809:Jewish
3604:Models
3220:Social
3205:Market
3007:Horvat
2962:Fisher
2957:Linera
2952:Lordon
2942:Kelley
2927:Marcos
2922:Ghandy
2912:Foster
2837:Fraser
2832:Wright
2822:Jessop
2817:Clarke
2802:Bishop
2792:Massey
2772:Mouffe
2722:Newton
2717:Spivak
2707:Rodney
2672:Berman
2627:Badiou
2607:Laclau
2602:Harvey
2597:Dussel
2557:Debord
2552:Tronti
2522:Heller
2507:Castro
2502:Berger
2487:Bauman
2477:Cabral
2462:Mandel
2457:Freire
2447:Hinton
2427:Draper
2407:Sweezy
2377:Sartre
2367:Adorno
2332:Brecht
2287:Galiev
2262:Korsch
2257:LukĂĄcs
2232:Stalin
2177:Morris
2172:Engels
2160:People
1937:Maoism
1858:Ethics
1698:Soviet
1421:Empire
895:(1925)
885:(1924)
875:(1920)
865:(1918)
855:(1917)
845:(1917)
835:(1909)
825:(1902)
815:(1899)
716:People
437:Africa
225:People
184:Ujamaa
5499:JSTOR
5437:. CPP
5387:S2CID
4904:Ghana
4781:Songs
4755:Lists
4560:Palme
4410:Bebel
4400:Blanc
4362:Saito
4337:ĆœiĆŸek
4317:Wolff
4252:James
4237:Sacco
4227:Serge
4197:Volin
4142:Gorky
4132:Wells
4127:Dewey
4112:Wilde
4097:Sorel
4082:Jones
3992:Cabet
3962:Paine
3909:State
3899:Sewer
3799:Guild
3577:needs
3432:Ideas
3017:Saito
3012:Hamza
2877:ĆœiĆŸek
2862:TamĂĄs
2827:Davis
2787:Davis
2777:Geras
2742:Wolff
2727:Sakai
2682:Cohen
2657:Sison
2652:Vogel
2612:Bahro
2582:Negri
2572:Nairn
2497:Kosik
2492:Fanon
2432:Jones
2387:Hoxha
2362:James
2347:Fromm
2277:Serge
2252:Bloch
2207:Lenin
2028:Black
1653:Class
964:RSFSR
5594:2016
5574:2016
5541:ISBN
5443:2016
5017:and
4973:and
4961:and
4890:and
4575:Lula
4490:Nagy
4485:Tito
4450:Blum
4425:Debs
4405:Hong
4390:Roux
4342:West
4297:Ward
4282:Zinn
4032:Marx
3982:Owen
3952:More
3704:Arab
3630:OGAS
2977:Malm
2947:Dean
2917:West
2872:Cano
2852:Rose
2757:Kurz
2732:Wood
2697:Ture
2647:Löwy
2567:Hall
2562:Amin
2547:Mies
2417:Hill
2327:Dutt
2312:Basu
2167:Marx
2058:Post
2020:Both
2002:Open
70:Arts
5533:doi
5491:doi
5379:doi
4565:Che
4322:Ali
4242:Day
4002:Sue
2352:Cox
2307:Mao
2053:Neo
6455::
5585:.
5565:.
5539:.
5531:.
5514:.
5497:.
5487:64
5485:.
5385:.
5375:26
5373:.
5248:^
5207:^
5190:^
5175:^
5136:^
4969:,
3353:on
2967:Li
2272:Ho
1185:on
550:on
47:on
5624:e
5617:t
5610:v
5596:.
5576:.
5549:.
5535::
5516:1
5505:.
5493::
5476:.
5445:.
5419:.
5406:.
5393:.
5381::
5170:.
4857:e
4850:t
4843:v
4807:)
4803:(
3575:/
3335:e
3328:t
3321:v
1547:)
1543:(
1167:e
1160:t
1153:v
532:e
525:t
518:v
20:)
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