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of cells. Once the virus has entered the host cell, the virus is uncoated and the viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm. The viral RNA-1 is then translated to produce the RdRp protein. Replication then begins in cytoplasmic viral factories. A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+)
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Since nodamura virus infects insects, fish, and mammals, there are different diseases caused in different species. In wax moth larvae and honey bees, nodamura virus has been found to cause paralysis. Suckling mice and hamsters that have been inoculated with nodamura virus showed paralysis in their
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is necessary for replication of the nodamura virus genome. RNA1 is approximately 3.2 kb in length. RNA2 encodes the viral capsid protein, alpha. RNA2 is approximately 1.3 kb in length. RNA1's
Protein A is also responsible for the synthesis of RNA3, which is synthesized from RNA1. In NoV, RNA3 is
256:, which means there are 60 triangular subunits each made up of 3 viral capsid proteins. The virion contains both RNA1 and RNA2, but RNA3 is not included into the virion and is transcribed after infection of a host cell. RNA1 and RNA2 are required for successful infectivity of nodamura virus.
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The structure of nodamura virus is consistent with the structure of other viruses in the family
Nodaviridae. These viruses contain a non-enveloped virion that has a diameter of approximately 30 nm. The virion is made up of 180 copies of a single viral
187:) in Japan near the village of Nodamura in 1956. Other members of Nodaviridae are flock house virus (FHV) and black beetle virus (BBV). NoV has been found to multiply in several insect and tick species; however, these infected individuals seem to be
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The nodamura virus protein B2 (encoded by RNA3) has been shown to modulate the host process of antiviral response. B2 has been found to repress the host's antiviral response to allow the virus to successfully replicate.
484:
Johnson, K. L., B. D. Price, L. D. Eckerle, and L. A. Ball. "Nodamura Virus
Nonstructural Protein B2 Can Enhance Viral RNA Accumulation in Both Mammalian and Insect Cells." Journal of Virology 78.12 (2004): 6698-704.
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Virus assembly in the cytoplasm around genomic RNA1 and RNA2. Assembled capsid protein alpha is cleaved into capsid protein beta and gamma. Release of infectious particles.
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responsible for the translation of proteins B2-137, B2-134, and B1. Studies have shown that B2 proteins help to repress an antiviral response in nodamura infected cells.
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and further transcribed providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes. The subgenomic RNA-3 is then transcribed along with the RNA-2, which encodes capsid protein alpha.
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Virus penetrates into the host cell. Uncoating, and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm. Specific mechanisms of viral attachment to host cell and
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made up of RNA1 and RNA2. RNA1 is responsible for encoding protein A, which is the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. RNA dependent
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mosquitoes, nodamura virus induced a loss of balance and an inability to fly. This was then followed by paralysis and death.
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Recovery of
Infectivity from CDNA Clones of Nodamura Virus and Identification of Small Nonstructural Proteins
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virus. It is a member of the virus family
Nodaviridae. Nodaviridae is made up of two
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into the host cell are currently unknown. No specific receptor has been identified.
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Nodavirus has been found to successfully replicate in muscle cells and impair
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219:. NoV is a member of the Alphanodavirus. Other viruses in this genus are
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Replication of
Nodamura virus, a +ssRNA virus, occurs in the
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417:." Journal of General . Virology 48.1 (1980): 177-82. Web.
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Johnson, Kyle L., B. Duane Price, and L. Andrew Ball. "
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191:. Nodamura virus is the only member of the genus
181:, which was originally isolated from mosquitoes (
371:"1NOV." RCSB PDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
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195:that can infect insects, fish, and mammals.
384:David Mahan Knipe; Peter M. Howley (2007).
264:Nodamura virus capsid contains a segmented
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252:protein. The virion is organized in T=3
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460:Nodamura virus RNA1, complete sequence
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471:Nodamura virus RNA2, complete genome
243:Nodamura virus coat protein trimer.
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177:(NoV) is a member of the family
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450:. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
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329:limbs, followed by death. In
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337:Toxorhynchites amboinensis
387:Fields' Virology Volume 1
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184:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
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203:Nodamura virus is a +
307:Assembly and release
254:icosahedral symmetry
47:Virus classification
324:Associated diseases
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228:Black beetle virus
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498:Taxon identifiers
397:978-0-7817-6060-7
277:Replication cycle
222:Flock House virus
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60:(unranked):
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612:Nodaviridae
530:Wikispecies
294:Replication
179:Nodaviridae
138:Nodaviridae
359:References
266:RNA genome
521:Q18972045
390:. Raven.
353:paralysis
300:cytoplasm
235:Structure
157:Species:
85:Kingdom:
78:Riboviria
606:Category
576:11460353
515:Wikidata
351:causing
199:Taxonomy
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343:Tropism
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109:Class:
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260:Genome
250:capsid
209:genera
589:12288
571:IRMNG
550:47L4J
288:entry
282:Entry
205:ssRNA
71:Realm
64:Virus
584:NCBI
485:Web.
392:ISBN
335:and
225:and
215:and
558:EoL
545:CoL
608::
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477:^
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231:.
211:,
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