586:. The trial was held in September 1949, its premise being that Field and his agents had worked to undermine the development of indigenous resistance, especially in Germany, to strengthen the Western influence and create a divided postwar Germany. "Noel Field," stated the prosecutor was "one of the leaders of American espionage," who "specialized in recruiting spies from among left-wing elements." Field was tortured and held in solitary confinement for five years, often at the edge of death. A matter of interest to students of the Cold War came to light years later when records from Field's interrogations were found in the Hungarian Interior Ministry archives. In those records Field named U.S. government official
374:. The Fields worked with a number of French Jewish women and collaborated with OSE to liberate Jewish children from French internment camps both openly if possible and covertly if the camp director would not cooperate. Also beginning in early 1941, Noel Field established an extensive medical program to provide aid to Jewish refugees in hiding, those waiting to emigrate, or those held in internment camps. Drawing on the medical expertise of some of the Jewish refugees, Field developed a team of about 20 medical doctors, dentists, and nurses, some with international reputations. From his contacts in Switzerland, he acquired medicines and nutritional supplements that were extraordinarily hard to obtain. With the
713:, his Polish agent within East European counterintelligence, to alert his colleagues to the impending arrival of Dulles's master spy, coming now to activate the network of traitors he had put in place during the war years. However, it is more likely that CIA officials saw a chance to sow discord once the Fields had been arrested and fanned the blaze of paranoia and Stalinist terror. It is undisputed that Allen Dulles was delighted by the chaos caused by the Field case and did not express any sympathy for the plight of the Fields or the harsh treatment they received. He even refused all efforts by Field's sister Elsie to help rescue Noel and Herta.
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414:(CIA), as liaison to Communist resistance fighters when they were needed for OSS operations. Dulles had first met Field in ZĂŒrich in 1918 at the home of Field's father. The two had often seen each other in Washington D.C. when both worked at the State Department. Dulles hoped Field could use his Communist connections in Switzerland and Germany to shed light on Stalin's postwar objectives in Europe.
306:. When the Brigade retreated during the final collapse of the Loyalist forces, Glaser's daughter, Erica, became ill and was separated from her parents. The Fields found her in a receiving camp on the French-Spanish border and brought her with them to Switzerland, where they treated her as their own child. They intended to reunite her with her parents who had fled to England, but the outbreak of
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and other relief workers who viewed him as a dedicated humanitarian who seemed to be working himself into exhaustion and nervous collapse. Field developed a roster of several hundred refugees whom he attempted to help emigrate. Unlike some members of the
Unitarian Service Committee and Fry, Field did
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that year but was unable to join her husband and daughters in the U.S. because of the State
Department's concern over her earlier Communist Party membership. It took the personal intervention of Allen Dulles to reunite her with her family in 1957. Her account of her experiences, "Light at Midnight",
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Field's wife Herta became increasingly worried about the lack of word from Field. She believed her husband had been kidnapped by the CIA in connection with the
Massing and Hiss cases. In the hope of getting information from Czechoslovak authorities, she traveled to Prague and met with members of the
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My accusers essentially have the same convictions that I do, they hate the same things and the same people I hate â the conscious enemies of socialism, the fascists, the renegades, the traitors. Given their belief in my guilt, I cannot blame them. I cannot but approve their detestation. That is the
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maintained that the
Soviets, encountering resistance to demands for grain and for military support from nationalist Communist leaders in Eastern Europe who had spent the war outside the USSR, used the myth of a Field-led spy network to purge them all. Pearson speculated that Field was arrested and
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which allowed the
Communists to construct a scenario of cooperation with the U.S. directed against the Soviet bloc. It could even be argued that Field had turned his friends into a spy network penetrating Central Europe. Moscow could thus counteract the ongoing uncovering of its own network in the
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Captain Robert
Wallach. When her party superiors objected to the relationship, Erica broke her connections with the party and the couple moved to Paris. In 1947, she was refused admission to the U.S. because of her communist past. In June 1950, Erica decided to search for the Fields, her foster
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In his relief activities, Field came into contact with a number of communist and antifascist refugees and exiles from
Germany and elsewhere and used his position to relay information to various groups. During the war years, Field, based in Switzerland, continued to work on behalf of refugees,
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No trial of the Fields themselves was ever held. Noel, Herta, and
Hermann Field were released in October 1954. Hermann returned to America, later publishing an account of the case, "Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family". Noel and Herta Field, however, opted to settle in
434:. Hiss warned Field in letters that he should not return to the United States. Two months later, as this affair distilled down to the Hiss(-Chambers) Case, Chambers named Field, whose name appeared in newspapers on 15 October 1948. Field's double-life ended effectively that day.
232:
Noel Field began his career at the State
Department in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, he was an antifascist and sympathised with Soviet peace initiatives, as did many Western progressives at the time. In 1933 (1934 per Hede Massing's later testimony), Field met the German anti-Nazis
498:, where he was arrested while on his way to the airport to leave the country. Like his brother, Noel, Hermann had for a time worked to help endangered refugees and had shown a preference for communists and antifascists. In 1939, Hermann had served in the
256:, as future Soviet spies. Gutzeit wrote on 3 October 1934, that Duggan "is interesting to us because through him one will be able to find a way toward Noel Field... of the State Department's European Department with whom Duggan is friendly."
398:(OSS). When the Germans occupied the rest of France in November 1942, the Fields escaped from Marseilles and re-established a refugee program in Geneva. In 1944, Field returned to southern France, traveling with the French guerrilla, the
370:(OSE), a French Jewish humanitarian organization, and its Marseilles director, Joseph Weill. The two organizations later shared the same offices in Marseilles and Noel Field, with help from his wife, set up kindergartens in the
378:, and his lead doctor, Rene Zimmer, Field implemented a nutritional survey of many thousands of the refugees interned in French camps and provided additional food for those in greatest need.
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not face hostility from the staff at the U.S. Embassy in
Marseilles for his activities, possibly because he sent many of his refugee clients to Switzerland, rather than to the U.S. In 1942,
287:, who was in charge of Soviet intelligence in Switzerland. Based on this account, recent biographer Tony Sharp has determined that Field engaged in espionage for about a year in 1935.
612:, the director of East zone railroads, and the boss of Radio Berlin, were accused of "special connections with Noel Field, the American spy." All were either imprisoned or executed.
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at one point offered her immediate release if she revealed the members of her spy network. She was condemned to death by a Soviet military court in Berlin and shipped to Moscow's
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On 11 May 1949, Field walked out of his hotel accompanied by two unidentified men. He left his papers, luggage, and traveller's cheques in his room as if he expected to return.
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During World War II, Field worked in France and Switzerland to support Jewish and anti-fascist refugees. During this time, he also had contact with the U.S. intelligence service
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Noel Field remained a staunch communist; his final testament, written in Budapest and published in an American political journal, was entitled "Hitching Our Wagon to a Star."
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including antifascists and communists who, after the war, would assume positions of power in Eastern Europe. Field served Allen Dulles, then head of the OSS and later of the
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before the area was fully liberated. He arranged for a colleague, Herta Tempi, to establish a small office in Paris as a relief project for the Unitarian Service Committee.
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to high treason, conspiracy, murder, espionage, Titoism, and Zionism on behalf of "foreign imperialist agents." "The well-known agent Field" was named as their spymaster.
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Field was ideally suited to the Communists' show trials; he had known and assisted many highly placed officials, including resistance fighters and members of the Spanish
669:, who had blocked Field's bid for OSS funds for a German communist front group during World War II, later commented, "Field's simple-mindedness was indestructible".
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709:, informed that Noel Field was on his way to Prague, saw an irresistible opportunity to create havoc among his Cold War adversaries and lit the fuse by instructing
205:, and his English wife. After Herbert Field's death in 1921, his wife took Noel Field, his brother Hermann, and two sisters to the U.S., where the boys attended
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Field: In the Fall of 1935, Hiss requested that I undertake intelligence work for the Soviet Union... I informed him that I was already conducting such work.
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side. During the Civil War, Noel Field and his wife Herta became friendly with a German medical doctor named Glaser who worked in a hospital attached to the
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1935:
A TitkoszolgĂĄlatok KulisszĂĄi Mögött - Hitek, IdeolĂłgiĂĄk Ăs HĂrszerzok a XX (Battle of Wits - Beliefs, Ideologies and Secret Agents in the 20th Century)
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U.S. with the bogus uncovering of an extensive network of American spies headed by the same Field whom the U.S. had charged with being a Soviet agent.
470:, the country's secret police. She described her husband's involvement with Soviet intelligence to them. Her account matched Field's confession to the
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Miles, Simon (26 May 2015). "Book Reviews: Tony Sharp, Stalin's American Spy: Noel Field, Allen Dulles and the East European Show Trials".
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1925:(December 2004) "Noel FieldâThe American Communist at the Center of Stalin's East European Purge: From the Hungarian Archives,"
181:, where it was claimed that he had served as their American spymaster. The purpose of the show trials was to replace indigenous
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operative, tried to sign Field up for the NKVD. Field agreed to work for the NKVD. However, in 1936, Field accepted a post in
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298:. As a League of Nations representative in Spain from 1938 to 1939, Field helped to repatriate foreign participants from the
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Budapest, where, despite the torture inflicted on them, they did not condemn the Communist regime, leading some to dub them
142:. Much controversy surrounds the Field story. In 2015, the historian David Talbot reignited claims that Field was set up by
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1643:"Noel Field — The American Communist at the Center of Stalin's East European Purge: From the Hungarian Archives"
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In October 1955, Erica Glaser Wallach was released from Vorkuta, the Soviet labour camp, under an amnesty declared by
411:
920:
Talbot, David. "The Devil's Chessboard:: Allen Dulles, the CIA, and the Rise of America's Secret Government." (2015)
394:, director of the Unitarian Service Committee, recruited Field to pass information to the U.S. intelligence service
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209:. Upon completion of his studies, Noel married his childhood sweetheart from Switzerland, Herta Katharina Vieser.
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parents. From Paris, she called on Leo Bauer, an old friend from the Swiss exile group, then editor-in-chief of
241:, who had come to the U.S. from Moscow to build a network of Soviet agents among influential left-wing circles.
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in September 1939 made that difficult, and Erica became a permanent member of the Field home, in effect their
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During this period, Field worked with the NĂźmes Committee, a network of about 30 relief organizations in
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1977:
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119:(23 January 1904 â 12 September 1970) was an American diplomat who was accused of being a spy for the
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members with others more aligned with Moscow. After his release in 1954, he stayed in Budapest.
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His story became the subject of a 1997 documentary by the Swiss film producer Werner Schweizer,
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Interrogator: So you revealed to Alger Hiss that you did intelligence work for the Soviet Union?
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Fund to help persecuted refugees, who were preponderantly Jewish, to emigrate to Great Britain.
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In October 1940, Field resigned his post in Geneva and in 1941 became director of the American
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430:. Among the former Federal officials in Washington, DC, whom he named as Soviet spies was
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1929:, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 215-245, American Communist History . Retrieved 1 December 2019.
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Peter Gutzeit, the Soviet Consul in New York City, was also an officer in the Soviet
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incarcerated to prevent him from discrediting the trumped-up charges of disloyalty.
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with whom he had maintained contact after the war. In addition, he had contact with
478:, she was handed over to the Hungarians, who arrested her and took her to Budapest.
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Meanwhile, Field's brother Hermann wrote to two Polish friends, Mela Granowska and
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Stalin's American Spy: Noel Field, Allen Dulles, and the East European Show-Trials
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which was tasked with espionage. In 1934 he identified Noel Field and his friend,
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Stalin's American Spy: Noel Field, Allen Dulles and the East European Show-Trials
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474:, which had been made available to the Czechoslovaks. On 28 August 1949, in
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Noel Field had in fact been arrested â reportedly on the personal order of
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Information and intrigue: From index cards to Dewey decimals to Alger Hiss
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48:
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201:, who directed an international scientific bibliographical institute in
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Information and Intrigue: From Index Cards to Dewey Cards to Alger Hiss
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and subsequently imprisoned in Hungary, he served as the pretext for
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1810:"Der Fall Noel Field: SchlĂŒsselfigur der Schauprozesse in Osteuropa"
935:"Der Fall Noel Field: SchlĂŒsselfigur der Schauprozesse in Osteuropa"
467:
162:
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in order to create paranoia designed to undermine the Soviet Union.
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630:
594:
Interrogator: What was the essential point of the Alger Hiss case?
527:
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t Grimm, Thomas; Schweizer, Werner; Barth, Bernd-Rainer (2005).
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and worked as secretary to the communist representatives in the
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1973:
1963:
Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers Who Defied the Nazis
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Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers Who Defied the Nazis
514:
After the war, the Fields' adopted daughter Erica moved to the
294:
and became involved in efforts to aid victims and opponents of
123:. His name was used as a prosecuting rationale during the 1949
1808:
Grimm, Thomas; Schweizer, Werner; Barth, Bernd-Rainer (2005).
543:
494:, whence they were ordered to ensure that Hermann traveled to
158:
264:
should be the one to work with Hede Massing on this project.
1690:
Field, Noel (January 1961). "Hitching Our Wagon to a Star".
756:
Field, Noel (January 1961). "Hitching Our Wagon to a Star".
558:'s death in 1953, her sentence was reduced to hard labor in
437:
Between March and May 1949, Field moved from Switzerland to
1555:
Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe, 1948-1954
1487:
Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe, 1948-1954
1422:
Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe, 1948-1954
1523:
Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family
1111:
Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family
784:
Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family
608:, in August 1950, six Communist functionaries, including
193:
Field was born in south London in 1904, the first son of
1231:
Soviet Consulate in New York City, memorandum to Moscow
725:
Noel Field's tomb in the Farkasréti Cemetery, Budapest.
647:
In Field's own words, written while he was imprisoned:
1851:(Documentary film). Dschoint Ventschr Filmproduktion.
1007:(Documentary film). Dschoint Ventschr Filmproduktion.
732:
Noel Field died in 1970, and his wife Herta in 1980.
681:
Hypotheses regarding Field's role in the show trials
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of occupied Germany and got a job with the American
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2005:
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16:
American communist activist, diplomat, and NKVD spy
1716:
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781:
279:. Massing arranged for Field to make contact with
566:. She was released in October 1955 by Khrushchev
1886:. New York: Random House. pp. 799 (total).
1874:. MIT Press (For Field family history to 1945).
1838:True Believer : Stalin's Last American Spy
985:True Believer : Stalin's Last American Spy
649:
635:Noel Field's former Villa in Sashegy, Budapest
1985:
1176:Report on the Murder of the General Secretary
366:. Field began a major collaboration with the
8:
1901:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America
1458:. Houghton Mifflin Books. pp. 499â500.
582:, the first of the postwar Eastern European
2832:United States Department of State officials
1752:. Bell Syndicate. p. 3. Archived from
996:
994:
2837:People of the Office of Strategic Services
2437:
2011:
1992:
1978:
1970:
1787:
362:and leftists, and helping many to flee to
20:
1899:Haynes, John Earl; Klehr, Harvey (1999).
1373:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
1336:
1334:
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1330:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1583:. Oxford University Press. p. 359.
1479:
1477:
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1364:
1362:
975:
973:
971:
969:
348:Unitarian Universalist Service Committee
1454:Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur Meier (2000).
1109:Field, Hermann H.; Field, Kate (2002).
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
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946:
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928:
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788:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
680:
542:. The call was monitored by the Soviet
2807:English emigrants to the United States
1581:Antifascism and Memory in East Germany
1174:Kaplan, Karel; Kovanda, Karel (1990).
1908:Klingsberg, Ethan (8 November 1993).
615:In Czechoslovakia, in November 1952,
385:, and maintained congenial ties with
7:
1519:Field, Hermann; Field, Kate (1999).
780:Field, Hermann; Field, Kate (1999).
334:("Hitler finished") en route to an
2842:American spies for the Soviet Union
1345:. Regnery Publishing. p. 143.
1267:The Politics of Upheaval, 1935-1936
224:, Field's ultimate superior in the
1618:. 29 November 1954. Archived from
1301:Intelligence and National Security
1144:"Field, Noel Haviland (1904-1970)"
376:American Friends Service Committee
354:, providing relief for endangered
267:In 1935, Hede Massing, who was an
14:
1822:Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field
1229:Gutzeit, Peter (3 October 1934),
956:Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field
368:Organization to Save the Children
1779:Noel Field - Der erfundene Spion
1723:. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
1641:Schmidt, MĂĄria (December 2004).
737:Noel Field - Der erfundene Spion
533:. She met and fell in love with
1965:. University of Nebraska Press.
1456:A Life in the Twentieth Century
1369:Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010).
426:appeared under subpoena before
2847:Burials at Farkasréti Cemetery
1848:Noel Field: The Fictitious Spy
1558:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1004:Noel Field: The Fictitious Spy
741:Noel Field, the Fictitious Spy
524:postwar German Communist Party
290:Field was deeply moved by the
245:recommended Field to Massing.
169:of Communist functionaries in
90:Erika Glaser Wallach (adopted)
1:
1860:. London: Hurst. p. 410.
1343:Allen Dulles: Master of Spies
1313:10.1080/02684527.2015.1026561
1113:. Stanford University Press.
1031:. London: Hurst. p. 410.
821:Marguerite Young (journalist)
544:Ministry for Internal Affairs
472:Hungarian secret police (ĂVH)
2736:Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov
1910:"Case Closed on Alger Hiss?"
1398:. I.B. Tauris. p. 359.
1079:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
554:prison for execution. After
520:Office of Strategic Services
396:Office of Strategic Services
107:Nina Eschwege Field (mother)
72:People's Republic of Hungary
1937:. Budapest: Szåzad Intézet.
1747:"Washington Merry-Go-Round"
1659:10.1080/1474389042000309781
1146:. Moscow: documentstalk.com
705:It has been suggested that
590:as a fellow Communist spy:
412:Central Intelligence Agency
402:, and with the approval of
2863:
2162:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
1927:American Communist History
1845:Schweizer, Werner (1996).
1647:American Communist History
1492:Greenwood Publishing Group
1427:Greenwood Publishing Group
1001:Schweizer, Werner (1996).
504:Czechoslovak Refugee Trust
449:helped him obtain asylum.
326:Jewish youth liberated at
159:Czechoslovak secret police
2812:Harvard University alumni
2711:Alexander Gregory Barmine
2516:
1947:Operation Splinter Factor
1552:Hodos, George H. (1987).
1529:Stanford University Press
1484:Hodos, George H. (1987).
1419:Hodos, George H. (1987).
1262:Schlesinger, Arthur Meier
2270:Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh
2000:Soviet and Russian spies
1903:. Yale University Press.
1870:Burke, Colin B. (2014).
1579:McLellan, Josie (2004).
1396:The Unseen War in Europe
1394:Waller, John H. (1996).
1073:Burke, Colin B. (2014).
443:Communist Czechoslovakia
330:lean out a train marked
1933:Schmidt, MĂĄria (2005).
1840:. Simon & Schuster.
1826:Doubleday & Company
1715:Wallach, Erica (1967).
987:. Simon & Schuster.
960:Doubleday & Company
677:was published in 1967.
667:Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
522:. She left to join the
510:Arrest of Erica Wallach
482:Arrest of Hermann Field
163:Hungarian secret police
2586:John Alexander Symonds
2411:Harold James Nicholson
2265:Christopher John Boyce
1341:Srodes, James (2000).
1272:Houghton Mifflin Books
1142:Svetlana Chervonnaya.
811:List of American spies
726:
687:International Brigades
663:
652:real horror of it all.
636:
602:
343:
229:
199:Herbert Haviland Field
134:, as well as the 1952
102:Herbert Haviland Field
82:Herta Katharina Vieser
2649:Stephen Joseph Ratkai
1248:Spartacus Educational
1216:Spartacus Educational
724:
634:
627:Release of the Fields
592:
461:Arrest of Herta Field
350:'s relief mission in
325:
304:International Brigade
220:
161:, handed over to the
2187:Nadezhda Ulanovskaya
1856:Sharp, Tony (2014).
1745:(29 November 1952).
1653:(2): 215â245 (229).
1027:Sharp, Tony (2014).
453:Arrest of Noel Field
2822:American communists
2370:John Anthony Walker
2320:Clayton J. Lonetree
2260:David Sheldon Boone
2182:Alexander Ulanovsky
2147:William Ward Pigman
1880:Chambers, Whittaker
660:magazine, Jan. 1961
117:Noel Haviland Field
35:Noel Haviland Field
2817:American defectors
2741:Fyodor Raskolnikov
2576:Michael John Smith
2310:Andrew Daulton Lee
2300:Robert Lee Johnson
2212:Harry Dexter White
2047:Whittaker Chambers
896:Harry Dexter White
831:Whittaker Chambers
775:By Hermann Field:
727:
637:
424:Whittaker Chambers
422:On 3 August 1948,
372:Camp de Rivesaltes
344:
230:
207:Harvard University
2789:
2788:
2609:
2608:
2480:Portland spy ring
2426:
2425:
2295:Edward Lee Howard
2032:Elizabeth Bentley
1719:Light At Midnight
1622:on 4 January 2013
1590:978-0-19-927626-4
1565:978-0-275-92783-7
1505:978-0-275-92783-7
1465:978-0-618-21925-4
1440:978-0-275-92783-7
1405:978-1-86064-092-6
1352:978-0-89526-223-3
1285:978-0-618-34087-3
1189:978-1-85043-211-1
1120:978-0-8047-4431-7
1086:978-0-262-02702-1
674:Nikita Khrushchev
610:Willi Kreikemeyer
540:East German radio
531:state legislature
292:Spanish Civil War
277:League of Nations
114:
113:
60:12 September 1970
51:, London, England
2854:
2781:Stig Wennerström
2726:Walter Krivitsky
2591:Edith Tudor-Hart
2521:Michael Bettaney
2438:
2417:Illegals Program
2365:George Trofimoff
2335:Earl Edwin Pitts
2112:William Malisoff
2087:David Greenglass
2015:1940s and before
2012:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1966:
1954:
1949:. Philadelphia:
1938:
1919:
1904:
1895:
1875:
1861:
1852:
1841:
1829:
1813:
1799:External sources
1792:
1791:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1610:"Fielding Error"
1606:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1481:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1171:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1106:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1009:
1008:
998:
989:
988:
977:
964:
963:
948:
939:
938:
930:
921:
918:
799:
787:
771:
661:
418:Post-war arrests
285:Walter Krivitsky
243:Marguerite Young
228:during the 1930s
197:-born zoologist
63:
44:
42:
21:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2731:Kerttu Nuorteva
2721:Dieter Gerhardt
2703:
2697:
2673:Hirohide Ishida
2658:
2644:Gerda Munsinger
2629:Jeffrey Delisle
2605:
2581:Dave Springhall
2536:Litzi Friedmann
2512:
2474:
2460:John Cairncross
2422:
2391:Evgeny Buryakov
2379:
2375:Jerry Whitworth
2360:Robert Thompson
2236:
2232:Anatoli Yatskov
2192:Julian Wadleigh
2001:
1998:
1957:
1943:Steven, Stewart
1941:
1932:
1907:
1898:
1878:
1869:
1855:
1844:
1832:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1759:on 18 July 2011
1756:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1483:
1482:
1473:
1466:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1190:
1173:
1172:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1012:
1000:
999:
992:
979:
978:
967:
950:
949:
942:
932:
931:
924:
919:
915:
910:
905:
881:Julian Wadleigh
806:
796:
779:
755:
751:By Noel Field:
749:
719:
697:The journalist
683:
662:
656:
629:
599:
597:
595:
572:
562:, north of the
512:
484:
463:
455:
420:
356:Jewish refugees
320:
258:Iskhak Akhmerov
254:Laurence Duggan
215:
191:
183:communist party
157:in 1949 by the
153:. Arrested in
110:
74:
65:
61:
52:
46:
45:23 January 1904
40:
38:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Vitaly Shlykov
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2704:in combination
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Geoffrey Prime
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Melita Norwood
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2503:Harry Houghton
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2465:Donald Maclean
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2442:Cambridge Five
2435:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2406:Robert Hanssen
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2325:Richard Miller
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Reino HÀyhÀnen
2287:
2285:Robert Hanssen
2282:
2280:James Hall III
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2227:Flora Wovschin
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Nathaniel Weyl
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:Harold Glasser
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1939:
1930:
1923:Schmidt, Maria
1920:
1905:
1896:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1842:
1830:
1814:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1770:
1734:
1707:
1679:
1633:
1596:
1589:
1571:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1511:
1504:
1471:
1464:
1446:
1439:
1411:
1404:
1386:
1379:
1358:
1351:
1326:
1307:(4): 639â642.
1291:
1284:
1253:
1244:"Hede Massing"
1235:
1221:
1203:
1188:
1157:
1134:
1119:
1092:
1085:
1065:
1034:
1010:
990:
965:
940:
922:
912:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
891:Nathaniel Weyl
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
836:Harold Glasser
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
794:
773:
772:
748:
745:
718:
715:
682:
679:
654:
628:
625:
617:Rudolf SlĂĄnskĂœ
576:Lavrenti Beria
571:
568:
511:
508:
502:office of the
483:
480:
462:
459:
454:
451:
419:
416:
319:
316:
214:
211:
190:
187:
171:Czechoslovakia
140:Czechoslovakia
138:show trial in
112:
111:
109:
108:
105:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
66:
64:(aged 66)
58:
54:
53:
47:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2859:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Richard Sorge
2769:
2767:
2766:Siddiq Ghouse
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Stig Bergling
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Hotsumi Ozaki
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:Yotoku Miyagi
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Igor Gouzenko
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Alan Nunn May
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Percy Glading
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Anthony Blunt
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Peter Debbins
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Oscar Seborer
2353:
2351:
2350:Robert Soblen
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Ronald Pelton
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Bill Weisband
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Morton Sobell
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Alfred Sarant
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Isaiah Oggins
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:John Herrmann
2095:
2093:
2092:Theodore Hall
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Judith Coplon
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:. Basisdruck.
1811:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:Biographies:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:Pearson, Drew
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1538:9780804735902
1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1380:9780803225251
1376:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:"Index entry"
1038:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
947:
945:
941:
937:. Basisdruck.
936:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
907:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:John Herrmann
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
803:
797:
795:9780804735902
791:
786:
785:
778:
777:
776:
769:
765:
761:
760:
754:
753:
752:
746:
744:
742:
738:
733:
730:
723:
716:
714:
712:
711:JĂłzef ĆwiatĆo
708:
703:
700:
695:
692:
688:
678:
675:
670:
668:
659:
653:
648:
645:
643:
633:
626:
624:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
601:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
569:
567:
565:
564:Arctic Circle
561:
557:
556:Joseph Stalin
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
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2683:SanzĆ Nosaka
2639:Elena Miller
2596:John Vassall
2571:Goronwy Rees
2526:George Blake
2508:Konon Molody
2493:Morris Cohen
2415:
2396:Anna Chapman
2315:Robert Lipka
2305:Karl Koecher
2255:Aldrich Ames
2217:Maria Wicher
2157:Vincent Reno
2152:Lee Pressman
2137:Victor Perlo
2132:William Perl
2122:Boris Morros
2117:Hede Massing
2107:George Koval
2066:
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2037:Earl Browder
1962:
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1834:Marton, Kati
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1763:10 September
1761:. Retrieved
1754:the original
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1212:"Noel Field"
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871:Lee Pressman
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404:Allen Dulles
383:Vichy France
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360:antifascists
345:
332:Hitler kaput
331:
318:World War II
312:foster child
308:World War II
289:
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239:Hede Massing
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222:Ignatz Reiss
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175:East Germany
148:
144:Allen Dulles
116:
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62:(1970-09-12)
18:
2827:1970 deaths
2802:1904 births
2761:Herman Simm
2746:Alfred Redl
2702:Elsewhere /
2601:Arthur Wynn
2541:Klaus Fuchs
2531:David Crook
2455:Guy Burgess
2384:Post-Soviet
2275:Jack Dunlap
2250:Rudolf Abel
2222:Nathan Witt
2197:Harold Ware
2172:Saville Sax
2102:Donald Hiss
2072:Klaus Fuchs
2042:Boris Bukov
1672:18 November
1180:I.B. Tauris
901:Nathan Witt
886:Harold Ware
866:Ward Pigman
851:Donald Hiss
600:Field: Yes.
584:show trials
580:LĂĄszlĂł Rajk
570:Show trials
364:Switzerland
167:show trials
2796:Categories
2488:Lona Cohen
2470:Kim Philby
2345:Myra Soble
2340:Jack Soble
2082:Harry Gold
2067:Noel Field
2052:Lona Cohen
1951:Lippincott
1915:The Nation
1693:Mainstream
1494:. p.
1429:. p.
1274:. p.
1150:23 October
1058:23 October
908:References
846:Alger Hiss
759:Mainstream
717:Later life
665:Historian
658:Mainstream
642:apologists
588:Alger Hiss
476:Bratislava
432:Alger Hiss
387:Varian Fry
358:including
352:Marseilles
328:Buchenwald
300:Republican
189:Early life
128:show trial
41:1904-01-23
25:Noel Field
2654:Fred Rose
2561:John Peet
2498:Ethel Gee
2142:J. Peters
2027:Joel Barr
2007:In the US
1702:0738-5447
1667:161874268
1321:155431041
1129:228212361
861:J. Peters
768:0738-5447
621:confessed
535:U.S. Army
342:, France.
275:with the
2624:Sam Carr
2242:Cold War
2022:John Abt
1961:(2010).
1945:(1974).
1892:52005149
1882:(1952).
1836:(2016).
1820:(1965).
1264:(2002).
1198:20995411
983:(2016).
954:(1965).
826:John Abt
804:See also
655:â
552:Lubianka
492:Bezpieka
338:home in
195:Brooklyn
104:(father)
87:Children
68:Budapest
49:Lewisham
2431:In the
1884:Witness
1865:Other:
1729:1314928
1048:FreeBMD
560:Vorkuta
296:fascism
179:Hungary
136:SlĂĄnskĂœ
132:Hungary
95:Parents
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400:Maquis
340:Ecouis
273:Geneva
213:Career
203:ZĂŒrich
155:Prague
79:Spouse
2665:Japan
1757:(PDF)
1750:(PDF)
1663:S2CID
1317:S2CID
747:Works
528:Hesse
441:, in
1888:LCCN
1784:IMDb
1765:2009
1725:OCLC
1698:ISSN
1674:2012
1628:2008
1615:Time
1585:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1533:ISBN
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1435:ISBN
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1375:ISBN
1347:ISBN
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1194:OCLC
1184:ISBN
1152:2014
1125:OCLC
1115:ISBN
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1060:2014
790:ISBN
764:ISSN
445:and
428:HUAC
283:and
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250:NKVD
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