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540:. So far, 2,705 different species of plants have been identified. Because there is such a wide range of different habitats that exist in the park, this number is split into different sections of the park. 1,500 of the 2,705 plants exist in moist forest, 800 in cerrado, 700 in dry forest, 500 in savanna wetlands, and another 500 in aquatic and disturbed habitats, and rock outcrops. In addition to the 2,705 plants that have already been identified, there are still 6,000 being evaluated.
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The park is home to at least 139 species of mammals (such as otters, river dolphins, tapirs, spider and howler monkeys, giant armadillo, giant anteaters and pumas) and 620 species of birds (including nine species of macaw and 20 species of parrot), the best studied group of animals. The birds of the
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Climate change could reverse this expansion of tropical rainforest again. A drier climate could lead to an increase in fire frequency, allowing for an ecological shift of rainforest back to dry forest. Should this happen there is a possibility that in the future some rainforest species would retreat
380:
and percentage of charcoal in the soil has shown though that the evergreen rainforests found in the park did not always exist. Data collected from pollen core samples has shown that what is now semi-deciduous and evergreen forest used to be savanna and semi-deciduous forest. Although for dozens of
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There are patches of evergreen forest on the soils that are deep and nutrient rich in the
Plateau. Deep fertile soils support forest, while heavily weathered sandstone rocks with a thin layer of soil sustain open savannah. The adjacent low land plain to the west is blanketed by
351:
The climate in the national park is seasonal, with approximately 1500mm of mean annual precipitation. There is a dry season of four months between June and
September, when rainfall declines to less than 30 mm. Precipitation occurs mostly in the austral summer, originating from
482:) rise up to 300 metres (985 ft) tall and in many locations there have formed waterfalls. These include the 88 metres (290 ft) Arcoiris Falls, 25–45 metres (80–150 ft) Frederico Ahlfeld Falls, and the 80 metres (260 ft) El Encanto Falls.
328:, both for his research and discoveries in the Park and in memory of his tragic death in the area; Mercado was murdered in the park by drug traffickers when he inadvertently stumbled across a secret cocaine laboratory high on the Huanchaca plateau.
323:
Founded on June 28, 1979, the park was originally named Parque
Nacional Huanchaca. Less than a decade later, in 1988, the park was renamed Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado in honor of the late pioneering biologist and Bolivian conservationist
428:, deposited around 1 billion years ago, intruded by a tholeiitic sill/dyke complex. These overlie an older basement of granites and metamorphic rocks which crop out over the Amazonic plain. The surface of the tableland is overlain by
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during the sunniest part of the summer. The mean annual temperature is 25–26 °C (77–79 °F) but during the dry season temperatures can often drop to 10 °C (50 °F) for several days when cold dry
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from their present distribution in the region. Because there are "latitudinal landscape corridors" that can facilitate such movement, this is less of a problem here than elsewhere in
Bolivia.
50:
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645:). Most species of mammals are found in the humid forest areas, and the mammal diversity has been poorly studied, especially the bats. There are a number of large animals included in the
1158:
1004:
Burbridge, Rachel E.; Mayle, Francis E.; Killeen, Timothy J. (March 2004). "Fifty-thousand-year vegetation and climate history of Noel Kempff
Mercado National Park, Bolivian Amazon".
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421:. The intervening Rio Verde marks the national boundary. The tableland is bounded by precipitous cliffs, 200 to 700 metres in height. The rocks of the tableland comprise
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on a frontier survey for the
Bolivian government. In London, he showed photographs to Arthur Conan Doyle, which fired Doyle's imagination for him to write the novel
982:
Litherland, M. & Power, G. 1989 The geological and geomorphic evolution of
Serrania Huanchaca (Eastern Bolivia): the Lost World. J. S. Am. Earth Sei. 2, 1-17.
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It is estimated that the park is home to approximately 4,000 species of vascular plants. The area encompasses numerous different habitats ranging from tall
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Primate diversity, habitat preferences, and population density estimates in Noel Kempff
Mercado National Park, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia
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Nomination of the Noel Kempff
Mercado National Park by the Republic of Bolivia for inclusion in the World Heritage List of Natural Sites
296:
and savanna, meet. The park is made up of many different habitats, including upland evergreen forest, deciduous forest, upland savanna (
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536:-dominated palm brakes, flooded forests, termite plains, flooded savanna, muddy plains with forest islands, palm swamps and cerrado
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There are approximately 74 species of reptiles and 62 species of amphibians known from the park. Reptiles include such species as
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is its eastern and northern border separating it from the neighboring Brazil. It adjoins the 158,621 hectares (391,960 acres)
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Noel Kempff
Mercado National Park covers 1,523,446 hectares (3,764,520 acres) of land, which includes the Huanchaca Plateau (
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and dominated by wet rain forests which transition into dry forests at the southern border of the park.
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Biogeographic patterns and conservation in the South American Cerrado: a tropical savannah hotspot
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in 2000. Its importance is because it contains an "array of habitat types" which contain a high
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Long-Term Forest-Savannah Dynamics in the Bolivian Amazon: Implications for Conservation
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The Park is dominated by a large tableland of 7000 sq km, the Bolivian side of which is
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Short amateur video of waterfall Arco Iris in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
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The most diverse family out of all the taxa in the national park is the family
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Satellite image with the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park superimposed in red
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Short amateur video of waterfall Ahlfeld in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
551:. Certain families of species thrive in all the park's habitats, such as the
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in the world. The park is located on the Brazilian Shield in the northeast
961:(Report). National Protected Areas Service of Bolivia. pp. 1–428. 967
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567:. Other species do better in specific habitats such as the cerrado (
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The 80m Cataratas Arcoiris in the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
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401:. The rainforest has appeared in the last two to three millennia.
300:), savanna wetlands, and forest wetlands. The region has a marked
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and UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. May 2011
994:, James Read, Rough Guides Publishing, 2nd Edition February 2008
954:
Torres, Hernán; Moreno, Adolfo; Justiniano, Hermes (June 1999).
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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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within the park is 600–900 m above sea level and is composed of
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in the winter and a mean annual precipitation of 1,500 mm.
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The area that is now the national park was explored in 1908 by
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activity over the Amazon basin and southerly extension of the
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Wallace, R. B., Painter, R. L. E. and Taber, A. B. (1998),
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This area has some large populations of megafauna such as
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millennia there was savanna, there has been a progressive
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Mayle, F.E., Langstroth, R.P., Fisher, R.A., Meir, P. “
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Tourist attractions in Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)
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Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture
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1063:Official Noel Kempff Mercado National Park website
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924:(in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
896:. American Journal of Primatology, 46: 197–211
807:International Union for Conservation of Nature
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397:due to the precession cycle according to the
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1436:Geography of Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)
905:Da Silva, J. M. C. & Bates, J. M. 2002
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1074:World Conservation Monitoring Centre
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1431:Protected areas established in 1979
1254:Integrated Management Natural Areas
836:"Noel Kempff Mercado National Park"
799:"Noel Kempff Mercado National Park"
331:The national park was designated a
272:, created in 1997, in the state of
220:Parque nacional Noel Kempff Mercado
25:Parque nacional Noel Kempff Mercado
522:, semi-deciduous tropical forest,
22:Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
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1350:Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
774:List of national parks of Bolivia
212:Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
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647:Red Book of Bolivian Vertebrates
399:Milankovitch Astronomical Theory
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1426:World Heritage Sites in Bolivia
270:Serra Ricardo Franco State Park
196:Latin America and the Caribbean
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358:Intertropical Convergence Zone
1:
1069:Official UNESCO website entry
1340:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
1065:(Not currently functioning.)
992:"The Rough guide to Bolivia"
417:, and the Brazilian side is
1018:10.1016/j.yqres.2003.12.004
726:yellow-spotted river turtle
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583:) or in savanna wetlands (
432:sandstones, and there are
144:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1421:National parks of Bolivia
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1120:National parks of Bolivia
1046:"Frederico Ahlfeld Falls"
909:. BioScience 52, 225-233.
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921:PES Serra Ricardo Franco
803:World Heritage Datasheet
750:Brazilian giant tortoise
714:Caiman crocodilus yacare
419:Sererania Ricardo Franco
16:National park in Bolivia
754:Geocheolone denticulata
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687:Myrmecophaga tridacyla
663:Blastocenus dichotomus
655:Ozotoceros bezoarticus
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1382:, Andean Road System
840:World Heritage Centre
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746:Geochelone carbonaria
671:Chrysocyon brachyurus
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440:which mark stages of
383:vegetation succession
262:Santa Cruz Department
252:Serrania de Huanchaca
234:, on the border with
228:Santa Cruz Department
106:14.26667°S 60.86667°W
75:Santa Cruz Department
1328:World Heritage Sites
1286:SerranĂas de Ig'embe
530:-dominated forests,
438:siliceous duricrusts
111:-14.26667; -60.86667
1345:Fuerte de Samaipata
1174:Noel Kempff Mercado
1006:Quaternary Research
742:red-footed tortoise
730:Podocnemis unifilis
333:World Heritage Site
326:Noel Kempff Mercado
276:, Brazil. It has a
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722:Melanosuchus niger
621:Tapirus terrestris
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415:Serrania Huanchaca
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182:Reference no.
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414:
412:
403:
374:pollen cores
371:
366:
365:air masses (
350:
341:biodiversity
330:
322:
317:
311:
297:
292:, a type of
289:
266:Iténez River
255:
251:
247:
245:
211:
210:
1271:Ă‘embi Guasu
1225:PilĂłn Lajas
651:Pampas deer
565:Apocynaceae
538:dry forests
457:Precambrian
444:uplift and
423:Proterozoic
372:A study on
274:Mato Grosso
242:Description
130:Established
109: /
85:Coordinates
1410:Categories
1380:Qhapaq Ă‘an
1330:in Bolivia
1281:San MatĂas
1261:Apolobamba
965:26 October
928:2016-12-03
849:26 October
813:26 October
780:References
667:maned wolf
659:marsh deer
601:Xyridaceae
593:Onagraceae
585:Lythraceae
581:Compositae
573:Cyperaceae
563:, and the
474:Waterfalls
430:Cretaceous
426:sandstones
395:convection
363:Patagonian
302:dry season
294:dry forest
167:Designated
1266:El Palmar
1245:Ulla Ulla
1189:Torotoro
1144:Carrasco
1134:AguaragĂĽe
569:Gramineae
553:Rubiaceae
549:epiphytes
516:evergreen
464:quartzite
460:sandstone
434:laterites
125:15,523 km
97:60°52′0″W
94:14°16′0″S
1384:(shared)
1371:Tiwanaku
1240:Tucavaca
1235:TariquĂa
1203:Reserves
1149:Cotapata
768:See also
577:Labiatae
545:Fabaceae
493:Cenozoic
442:Tertiary
387:Holocene
282:habitats
159:Criteria
71:Location
1446:Cerrado
1355:City of
1276:Otuquis
1179:Otuquis
1164:Kaa-Iya
681:), and
631:spp.),
466:of the
409:Geology
367:surazos
347:Climate
308:History
298:cerrado
290:cerrado
257:cerrado
232:Bolivia
222:) is a
216:Spanish
174:session
154:Natural
79:Bolivia
1358:PotosĂ
1194:Tunari
1184:Sajama
1169:Madidi
1139:AmborĂł
748:) and
633:jaguar
629:Mazama
599:, and
579:, and
337:UNESCO
278:mosaic
236:Brazil
192:Region
172:(24th
1366:Sucre
959:(PDF)
607:Fauna
528:liana
502:Flora
352:deep-
170:2000
162:ix, x
1230:Sama
1210:Beni
1154:Iñao
967:2021
851:2021
815:2021
462:and
451:The
436:and
288:and
151:Type
122:Area
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1014:doi
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