Noel Mason-MacFarlane - Knowledge (XXG)

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Stronge, the British military attache in Prague very strongly disagreed with Mason-MacFarlane's assessment of the Czechoslovak Army. Wilson saw Mason-MacFarlane's report predicating that Czechoslovakia would last a few days against the Wehrmacht as a reason not to go to war with Germany and circulated it widely through the corridors of Whitehall. From Berlin, Wilson telegraphed Chamberlain: "Military attache has just returned from Czechoslovakia and is convinced that resistance will prove feeble. This must be known to the French too and to the Czech General Staff as it is clearly known here". When Wilson returned to London on 27 September 1938, he took Mason-MacFarlane with him, straight to a cabinet meeting at

532:. The German General Staff, opposed to a "premature" world war, had sought to persuade Hitler to put off the invasion of Czechoslovakia under the grounds that it was likely to cause a world war before Germany was properly prepared. Unable to persuade Hitler, the General Staff had turned towards Britain as their best hope of stopping a "premature" world war. Mason-MacFarlane recognised he was being used as a pawn in an internal German policy dispute, writing "any bungling of an attempt to interfere from without with Germany's domestic politics during Hitler's lifetime would most assuredly lead to exactly what we all wished to avoid". 1049:, which proved to be a problem when the CLN demanded a new prime minister. Badoglio was a general who had loyally served Mussolini until he was made the scapegoat for the failed invasion of Greece in 1940, and because of Fascist associations, was unacceptable to the CLN. By letting the CLN leaders meet in Rome, instead of keeping them out of the Eternal City as Churchill wanted, Mason-MacFarlane was quite consciously settling the crisis in motion. To resolve the crisis, Mason-MacFarlane first went to the Grand Hotel where the Roman leaders of the CLN were staying and learned from them that the moderate socialist 557:, the plan to invade Czechoslovakia. For the first time, Mason-MacFarlane learned that Hitler planned to invade Czechoslovakia on 1 October 1938 and of his belief that neither Britain nor France would do nothing in the event of the invasion. Henderson in his comments on the report wrote that it was "clearly biased and largely propaganda". In late August, Mason-MacFarlene submitted a report to Henderson declaring that if Britain made an alliance with Czechoslovakia that this offered 'an outside possibility that we might avert or at any rate postpone catastrophe". 749:

impressed with Colvin's information that he took him to see both Lord Halifax and Chamberlain the same day. Chamberlain stated that story told by Colvin was "so fantastic as to doubt its reliability", but similar reports from Mason-MacFarlane in Berlin forced the hand of the Chamberlain government into making the famous "guarantee" of Poland on 31 March 1939. In a letter to his sister, Chamberlain wrote that it was the "Colvin report" together with information from other sources that led him to agree to Lord Halifax's idea of the "guarantee" of Poland.

329:. An intense individualist, Mason-MacFarlane's experience as a young artillery officer left him a reputation as an officer who was always ready to "look out for trouble" and who had a profound distrust of the higher command. A non-conformist, he was known for his love of amateur theatrical acting, sports and for writing sarcastic doggerel poems mocking the high command. In the winter of 1915–16, he served with the relief forces involved in the bloody fighting outside of Kut as the British sought to unsuccessfully rescue the 536:

Germans under the grounds the Germany was still not ready for the world war that was likely to result from an attack on Czechoslovakia while Mason-MacFarlane believed that Hitler was serious about war with Czechoslovakia sometime in the near future. Henderson in a dispatch to Lord Halifax stated that the two options open to Britain were either to repeat the warning of 21 May 1938 that Britain would go to war if Germany invaded Czechoslovakia or alternatively to pressure President Beneš to implement the conclusions of the

598:. Mason-MacFarlane told the cabinet: "It would be very rash to base any policy on the assumption that the Czechs would fight like tigers". Cadogan wrote in his diary about the impact of Mason-MacFarlane's presentation to the cabinet: "Unfortunately Mason-Macfarlane (MA in Berlin) also here and he painted a gloomy picture of Czech morale. What does he know about it? Also meeting with Chiefs of Staff who were called in. Not very reassuring...all this produced a glacial period in Ministerial feet". General Sir 2676: 820:

response...He was influential, as we have seen, in the British decision not to back Czechoslovakia at the height of the Munich Crisis. He was equally influential in the British decision to support Poland and create an Eastern Front on her borders in March 1939. An Eastern Front designed to deter Hitler, based on Czechoslovakia and with the possibility of Russian assistance, had some chance of success. Such a front based on Poland and without Russian participation had not whatsoever".

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After Greenfield talked about the optimistic mood at the congress of Bari, Mason-MacFarlane smiled, said he "would had done the same thing", and told Greenfield that no charges would be pressed against him. Greenfield who had been expecting "Mason-Mac" to be a conservative was surprised to find that for a British general he was a "remarkably liberal-minded man" who had much sympathy with the hopes of ordinary people for a better world after the war.

735:. Mason-MacFarlane added greatly to Colvin's credibility when he endorsed his reports, saying Colvin was a reliable source of information about Germany. Owing to the endorsement of Mason-MacFarlane, Colvin was able to see Cadogan on 29 March 1939 where he presented circumstantial evidence that Germany was preparing to invade Poland. Parts of the Colvin report were genuine, as it presented verbatim the orders issued by Field Marshal 526:, who had excellent contacts with the German General Staff. Koerber told him that Germany was going to invade Czechoslovakia in late September 1938. Koerber arrived unannounced at Mason-MacFarlane's office with his warnings that the General Staff were opposed to a war with Czechoslovakia and would very much welcome statements once again reciting London's willingness to defend Czechoslovakia. Mason-MacFarlane dismissed Koerber as an 1066:

had been sacked and he in his turn sacked Mason-MacFarlane as chief of the ACC. Churchill initially tried to restore Badoglio as prime minister, writing in a telegram to Stalin, seeking his support: "Since when have we admitted the right of Italians to form any government they please?" From Rome, Macmillan reported to Churchill that it was impossible "to put Humpty Dumpty in his place again after our officers, MacFarlane and

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fact that the vast majority of Italians did not want him as their prime minister. Given that the United States backed Bonomi as prime minister, Churchill had no choice but to accept him as prime minister. Churchill blamed Mason-MacFarlane for the appointment of Bonomi, saying he would prevent him holding "any post of the slightest military or political responsibility" again. Mason-MacFarlane's decision to run as a

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had to conform to his views. In protest, Mason-MacFarlane wrote: "we remained in disagreement with his views on Hitler and on the course which Nazi Germany was likely to pursue". On 3 March 1939, Mason-MacFarlane first reported to London that he heard reports that the Wehrmacht had started stockpiling supplies in areas near the Polish border with the order that these be completed by 28 March.

702:. Such blockade can only be rapidly effective if Germany's eastern front is on or close to her present frontier and if she has to gain and hold resources essential to her powers of resistance". Mason-MacFarlane that wrote if Britain failed to secure the immediate assistance of Poland and Romania, then Germany would be fighting a "one-front war" with all the resources of the 502:. In his own report, Mason-MacFarlane wrote the test mobilisations performed by the army were "desperately provocative. It is hard to see how Czechoslovakia can fail to mobilise in reply". Henderson sent Mason-MacFarlane to London the next day to "discuss the extent and significance of German military preparations". During his visit to London, Mason-MacFarlane met 794:, Czechoslovakia against Germany" and even today Mason-MacFarlane was "inciting" trouble against him in Berlin. Hitler seems to have been referring to an incident just a few days before, where Mason-MacFarlane had very loudly stated at a party in Berlin attended by members of the German elite that Britain was committed to fighting against Germany's 571:" immediately, a demand that Chamberlain in turn rejected. In the tense atmosphere with Germany and Britain on the verge of war, Wilson was left behind by Chamberlain in Berlin to try to keep the lines of communication open. Mason-MacFarlane was sent by Henderson and Wilson to deliver a message to text of Hitler's Bad Godesberg ultimatum to 804:, seeing Mason-MacFarlane's remarks as a way to persuade Hitler not to launch a "premature" war in 1939, met him to ask if he was speaking on behalf of himself or the British government. However, Schwerin offended "Mason-Mac" with his question, which he regarded as questioning his honour as an officer, and the meeting ended badly. 614:, took over the British embassy in Berlin during this time. He, too, disagreed with Henderson's views of the Nazi regime, and – allying with Mason-MacFarlane – used his position to "educate" the British cabinet about Germany. On the night of 9 November 1938, Mason-MacFarlane witnessed the 1070:

have allowed him to tumble off again". Roosevelt, who had long been uncomfortable with Badoglio as prime minister, backed Mason-MacFarlane with the president sending the prime minister a telegram on 15 June 1944 saying it would be a "grave mistake" for the Allies to try to reimpose Badolgio given the

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wrote: " Mason-Macfarlane represents the extreme case of a military attache who abandoned the uses of ambiguity in favour of single-minded and reductive reporting that made no effort to balance the strengths and weaknesses inherent in a military situation, or the gains and losses implied by a British

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Cadogan wrote that Mason-MacFarlane had failed grievously in his duties, writing that he should have "put the brake on hard" and told the CLN leaders that they had to accept Badoglio as prime minister. Churchill who wanted Badoglio to continue as a prime minister, was furious when he learned that he

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not just in Italy but all over the world "meant the beginning of a new and better world in which democratic values would reign triumphant". For attending the Congress of Bari, Greenfield was arrested by the British military police and brought before Mason-MacFarlane who asked him to explain himself.

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said of Mason-MacFarlane's plan to assassinate Hitler while he was on a stand reviewing the Wehrmacht for his 50th birthday celebrations on 20 April 1939: "We have not reached that stage … when we have to use assassination as a substitute for diplomacy." Hitler for his part regarded Mason-MacFarlane

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that Mason-MacFarlane had warned about had more impact on the British cabinet than did his warnings of aggression in Eastern Europe, and changed Britain's policies towards France. Henderson upon his return to the British Embassy on 13 February 1939 stated that henceforward all dispatches from Berlin

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wrote in an evaluation of Mason-MacFarlane: "He combines a first-class brain with a remarkable flair for intelligence work. He has a keen sense of humour and is an excellent linguist. Full of mental and physical energy and with great initiative...he should go far". A lover of fast cars, he was badly

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and consistently predicted that the Soviets would hold out. "Mason-Mac" described the morale of ordinary Russians as high, reporting to London that they were just as committed to victory as ordinary British people. Though relations with his Soviet counterparts were difficult, Mason-MacFarlane found

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on 27 March 1939 for the Wehrmacht to move divisions to the Polish border. Other parts of the Colvin report such as the claim that Germany was going invade Poland in April 1939 were erroneous. On 29 March, Mason-MacFarlane in support of Colvin that he it was established that arms depots were set up

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When Victor Emmanuel appointed his son lieutenant general of the realm, he did so with bad grace, predicting that this would allow the Italian Communists to come to power on the grounds that his son was not qualified to exercise power. In a report of their last meeting, Mason-Macfarlane wrote that

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and during his time in Bari, attended the Congress of Bari organised by the six main Italian political parties despite the fact that, as a civilian, this was illegal. Attending the congress, Greenfield was struck by how the prospect of "liberation filled us with hope" and that the people attending

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A week later, Mason-MacFarlane changed his mind, saying that British would not "be justified in supposing that Herr Hitler has made up his mind to go to war this autumn". Henderson believed that Hitler was bluffing, only seeking to pressure Czechoslovakia to change its policies towards the Sudeten

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Churchill, that Badoglio was such a discredited figure in Italy that any government headed by him was morally illegitimate to the Italian people. He argued that the best hope of establishing a democracy in Italy was to appoint as prime minister someone like Bonomi who was not associated with the

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The United States and the United Kingdom favoured different policies for Italy with the Americans preferring social reforms and a republic while the British opposed reforms and wanted to keep the monarchy. From February 1944 onward, Mason-MacFarlane increasingly aligned himself with the American

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sources" indicated to him that an invasion of Poland was planned for late April 1939. In London, Colvin warned that Hitler was planning to conquer Poland, then Lithuania, in order to plunder their resources to prepare for "the ultimate goal" of a war to destroy the British empire. Cadogan was so

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generals were "seeing to it that if the emergency arises their preparations shall not be found wanting". Henderson passed on Mason-MacFarlane's report to London, but stated he did not believe that Hitler was preparing to invade Czechoslovakia. On 3 August 1938, Henderson reported to the Foreign

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Upon reaching Prague and after delivering the message to President Beneš, Mason-MacFarlane telegraphed a cable to London stating based upon what he had seen in the Sudetenland that the Czechoslovak Army was suffering from low morale and would swiftly collapse if Germany invaded. Colonel H.C.T

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During his time in London, Mason-MacFarlane made clear to both the Foreign Office and War Office his disagreements with Henderson, predicating that Germany was definitely preparing to invade Czechoslovakia that year. Upon his report to Berlin, on 8 August 1938, Mason-MacFarlane met Victor von

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to provide the necessary leadership, advice that did not sit well with Churchill. On 21 February 1944, the king told Mason-MacFarlane that because the ACC had ended censorship of the press this had "improperly" allowed the Italian press to place him in a situation where he was "to be openly

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from 1919 to 1920. At Quetta, his evaluation upon graduation declared his ability as "above that of any of his fellow students", though his judgement was described as only "fairly good ... rather immature and lacking balance". Afterwards, he served on regimental duties, before attending the

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For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. While he was engaged on a reconnaissance another officer who was with him was severely wounded by a sniper. He removed him to a place of safety and also brought in a stretcher-bearer who was wounded by the same sniper. He then completed his

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to persuade Umberto to sacrifice Badoglio for the sake of national unity, and to appoint Bonomi as his successor. As a result, Umberto dismissed Badoglio and appointed Bonomi prime minister. The only concessions Mason-MacFarlane imposed on Umberto was that he vetoed the republican Count

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by seizing the heavily industrialised Czech lands had just gained a massive lead in the arms race and to allow Germany to seize more of Eastern Europe would make the German economy more or less "blockade-proof". In particular, Mason-MacFarlane argued that Britain needed alliances with

815:. By this time, he had ceased to be a source of information about Germany and more of an advocate of the particular policies he wanted Britain to follow, as he ventured into grand strategy, stating what policies he favoured as the best way of defeating Germany. The Canadian historian 606:

put an end to the crisis which had pushed Europe to the brink of war. After the Munich Agreement, Mason-MacFarlane served as part of the Anglo-German-French-Italian commission which had the duty of deciding how much of the Sudetenland would go to Germany. In the months

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were difficult with the king flying into a rage at their first meeting because he was wearing shorts and shirt sleeves, a choice of attire the king found disrespectful. In response to the king's demand that he came back wearing the full ceremonial uniform of a

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discredited and attacked". The king very reluctantly agreed to allow Crown Prince Umberto to become the lieutenant general of the realm with all the powers of the king, but sought in exchange a promise that the ACC impose censorship of criticism of the

458:. His reports during the May Crisis that he found no evidence of an imminent German invasion of Czechoslovakia did much to cool down the heated atmosphere during the weekend of 20–22 May 1938. "Mason-Mac" as he was known to his colleagues in the 777:

at Berchtesgaden to discuss a possible peaceful resolution to the crisis. Hitler told Orsenigo that he had no quarrel with Poland, and claimed that the chief trouble-maker in the world was Great Britain, which was "inciting" Poland against the

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soldier helped untangle him instead of challenging him, an experience that left with the conviction that Czech morale was poor. During his journey through the Sudetenland, he had to dodge bullets as he witnessed fighting between the Nazi

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from coming to power after the war, writing that institutions require moral legitimacy to be accepted by the people, and the way in which Victor Emmanuel had associated with Fascism deprived the Italian Crown of its legitimacy.

602:, the Director of Military Operations and Intelligence wrote in his diary: "We were much influenced by the views of Mason-Macfarlane who flew over from Berlin that afternoon – he has done noble work." On 30 September 1938, the 863:

personnel whose role it would be to support General Franco if Spain were to be invaded by Germany. They were to assist the Spanish defence and, if the Spanish did not resist, then they were to create maximum damage.

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would be unable to fight a "two-front war" and would be forced to yield rather face a war in the "most unfavourable circumstances; it was time for Britain to force Germany to back away from its plans for expansion."

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state. Mason-MacFarlane dismissed the possibility of an internal revolt toppling Hitler, saying that there were many brave Germans opposed to the Nazi dictatorship, but unfortunately the Nazi regime was an effective

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general, Mason-MacFarlane stated as a British Army general that he was not subject to the authority of Italy and would wear whatever clothing he liked. In January 1944, he recommend that the Allies force King

895:, Mason-MacFarlane had great hopes of Anglo-Soviet cooperation, which were soon dashed as he learned that the xenophobic Soviet regime regarded him as a spy. Unlike the other British generals who expected the 3226: 3291: 1037:"the king seems to have tried to make mischief to the end". In June 1944, after the Allies liberated Rome, to prevent the emergence of a rival government in Italy, it was agreed that representatives of the 723:

and who served as an informer for the private intelligence network maintained by Vansittart, sent a series of inaccurate reports to the British government in February–March 1939 warning of an imminent

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starting in January 1938. Additionally he served as military attaché to Hungary, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark. In his favourite Ford V-8 coupe, Mason-MacFarlane went out to personally observe the

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in 1909. Until February 1909, his surname was Mason, but he hyphened it that month to Mason-MacFarlane out of pride in his Scottish heritage as MacFarlane was the maiden name of his Scots mother.

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to work as an army doctor. As a result, his father was frequently absent, and a major influence on him when growing up was a German governess hired by his father. Mason-MacFarlane was educated at

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Fascist regime. On the whole, he was very critical of Churchill's approach in seeing the Italian monarchy and the continuation of the traditional elites in Italy as the best way of stopping the

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repulsed and disgusted him, adding to his dislike of the Nazi regime. On 2 January 1939, Ogilvie-Forbes very strongly endorsed a report from Mason-MacFarlane stating that the

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viewpoint on Italy, writing in his reports to London that Italy desperately needed social reforms and that the old Italian ruling class was too morally compromised with

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From July 1940 to March 1941, during the Second World War, Mason-Macfarlane was second-in-command of Gibraltar City and Garrison. This position allowed him to head the

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Frank Noel Mason was born on 23 October 1889, the son of a doctor. His father was convinced that war between Germany and Great Britain was inevitable and joined the

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The nature of Mason-MacFarlane's disagreements with Churchill came out most clearly in his post-war manuscript "Draft Notes on Chapter 18 of Badoglio's

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but the German-Czechoslovak border was closed, forcing him to cross the frontier by a forest path. While crossing the frontier, he was caught up in the

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On 27 July 1938, Mason-MacFarlane reported to Henderson that the Wehrmacht was preparing for a war against Czechoslovakia, stating in a report that the

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From October 1938 to February 1939, Henderson was in London being treated for the cancer which was to kill him in 1953. The chargé d'affaires, Sir

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from joining the Bonomi cabinet as foreign minister and insisted that the service ministries be headed by service officers instead of civilians.

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while Romania was also well endowed with oil. On 25 March 1939, Mason-MacFarlane reported to London: "Germany risks defeat only if confronted by

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taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1939, who in March 1942 crossed over from the Soviet Union to Iran and from there travelled on to join the

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ordinary Russians friendlier and he worked hard to assist the Soviets. He played a crucial role in negotiating the transfer of the so-called

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injured in a car crash in 1933 that left him with spinal pain for the rest of his life. In 1934, Mason-MacFarlane returned to Great Britain.

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Strang, Bruce (March 1994). "Two Unequal Tempers: Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir Neville Henderson and British Foreign Policy, 1938–39".

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was operational commander of "Mac Force," an improvised formation covering the British right flank. For his services, he was awarded the

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ended with Hitler rejecting the Anglo-French plan for the cession of the Sudetenland as taking too long and demanded the region "

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Strang, Bruce. "Two Unequal Tempers: Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir Neville Henderson and British Foreign Policy, 1938–39" from

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Strang, Bruce. "Two Unequal Tempers: Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir Neville Henderson and British Foreign Policy, 1938–39" from

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Strang, Bruce. "Two Unequal Tempers: Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir Neville Henderson and British Foreign Policy, 1938–39" from

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Wark, Wesley (November 1987). "Three Military Attachés at Berlin in the 1930s: Soldier-Statesmen and the Limits of Ambiguity".

1086:". In the "Draft Notes", Mason-MacFarlane wrote that virtually everything Badoglio wrote in his memoirs was a lie, and argued, 1809: 2967: 2902: 2853: 2838: 2783: 474:, the Permanent Undersecretary at the Foreign Office, regarded him as reckless and too easily excited. The British historian 396:, a prestigious posting for the most promising officers, in 1935. In 1931, after spending most of the preceding ten years in 349: 3241: 2506: 645:

together with the loyalty of the majority of the Wehrmacht to Hitler meant that there was no hope of him being overthrown.

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on 15 March 1939, Mason-MacFarlane's reporting from Berlin took a very hawkish tone and several times he suggested a "

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in September) and a second Bar in the same year, awarded while he was attached to the Artillery Headquarters of the

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did not wish to press too strongly for the king to abdicate on the grounds that he still commanded the loyalty of

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In late May 1939, Mason-MacFarlane was recalled from Berlin and promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General of

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denied to him that it was happening and to investigate the German-Czechoslovak border region during the

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and complications from a broken leg. Mason-MacFarlane's papers and correspondence are archived in the

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features as its hero Colonel Noel Macrae, "a thinly disguised and heavily romanticized version" of

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of the Foreign Office called this dispatch "excellent". The possibility of Hitler attacking the

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magazine on 24 August 1953 that "one of Britain's ablest soldier-administrators" had died of

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called Mason-MacFarlane a "courageous eccentric" who very much wanted to assassinate Hitler.

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state in 1939, through he also stated there was a strong possibility of Hitler attacking a

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to collapse in the summer or autumn of 1941, Mason-MacFarlane had a higher opinion of the

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in the spring of 1939 or alternatively that Poland was about to sign an alliance with the

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Churchill's Lions: a biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II

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division. The citation for the second Bar was published in a supplement to the

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Killing Hitler: The Plots, the Assassins, and the Dictator Who Cheated Death

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as a personal enemy. To try to resolve the Danzig crisis, in May 1939, Pope

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was related to his anger over the way Churchill had treated him in 1944.

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On 23 September 1938, the outcome of the Chamberlain-Hitler summit at

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Mason-Mac: The Life of Lieutenant-General Sir Noel Mason-Macfarlane

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Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War

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reconnaissance and returned with valuable and accurate information.

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In January 1944, the British psychologist I.G. Greenfield went to

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to set up a radio station broadcasting anti-Nazi propaganda into

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American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

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American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

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American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

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American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

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Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill, and the Road to War

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was an acceptable choice as prime minister. He then went to the

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Appeasing Hitler The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, 1937–39

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Appeasing Hitler The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, 1937–39

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Appeasing Hitler The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, 1937–39

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Appeasing Hitler The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, 1937–39

1474: 1472: 413: 717:, a British journalist who was the Berlin correspondent of 522:

Koerber, a retired officer and Berlin correspondent of the

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British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Afghan War

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from 31 May 1942 to 14 February 1944, and witnessed the

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Mason-MacFarlane served as Chief Commissioner of the

3227:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

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contributions in Parliament by Noel Mason-Macfarlane

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Grand Cross of the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta

855:. He was the head of a joint group of British Army, 274:

officer, administrator and politician who served as

2311:He left Parliament by accepting the appointment as 2270:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 p.155 2229: 2227: 2225: 2211: 2209: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2185:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 p.156 2167:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 p.154 2147:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 p.142 2127:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.324-325. 1834: 1832: 1830: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 490:that up to 8 German divisions had been sent to the 197: 179: 157: 147: 137: 127: 119: 107: 99: 82: 58: 50: 34: 27:British Army officer, administrator and politician 3252:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies 3247:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 1045:-CLN) should enter the cabinet of Prime Minister 938:in August 1943, Mason-MacFarlane was appointed a 731:to allow passage of the Wehrmacht to conquer the 3212:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 387:Between the wars, Mason-MacFarlane attended the 270:(23 October 1889 – 12 August 1953) was a senior 3202:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta 2237:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.331. 2219:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.330. 2203:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.326. 2114:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.324. 2101:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p.320. 364: 2313:Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead 462:was viewed as an eccentric with some like Sir 3192:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 2650: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 1257:(Supplement). 2 December 1918. p. 14215. 371:Mason-MacFarlane was also awarded the French 227:Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta 8: 995:and even more so the British Prime Minister 769:sent the Papal Nunico to Germany, Monsignor 2087:(Supplement). 8 October 1943. p. 4441. 1237:(Supplement). 14 January 1916. p. 579. 498:of Czechoslovakia to grant autonomy to the 3207:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath 2657: 2643: 2635: 2541:GOC 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division 2522: 2067:(Supplement). 6 August 1943. p. 3579. 2047:(Supplement). 3 August 1943. p. 3529. 42: 31: 2455: 1001:what was left of the Italian armed forces 973:. Mason-MacFarlane's relations with King 936:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 202:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 2315:. This is a procedural device to effect 1917:(Supplement). 2 January 1939. p. 4. 927:, which took the life of his friend the 744:and stated that "well informed army and 510:, Chief Foreign Policy Adviser; and Sir 1997:, Generals.dk; Retrieved 26 March 2016. 1967:"Joint Intelligence Centre (use index)" 1926: 1924: 1176: 400:, he was appointed military attaché to 3257:Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta 1808:Greenaway, Heather (17 January 2016). 1739: 1691: 1611: 1521: 1215: 1131:due to ill-health on 22 October 1946. 590:and the Czechoslovak police and army. 174:44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division 3182:British Army personnel of World War I 3177:British Army generals of World War II 2514:, kcl.ac.uk; Retrieved 26 March 2016. 2317:resignation from the House of Commons 1990: 1988: 428:Mason-MacFarlane served as Britain's 7: 2028:, London: Macmillan, 1972 p.138-139. 1969:. Discover Gibraltar. Archived from 1895: 1722: 1710: 1586: 1567: 1542: 1509: 1358: 1298: 1190: 1108:, Mason-MacFarlane was elected as a 2444:The Journal of Contemporary History 1868:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.390-391. 1768:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.184-185. 885:German invasion of the Soviet Union 867:Mason-MacFarlane briefly served as 663:German occupation of the Czech half 334:besieged by the Ottomans inside Kut 3055:British dependent territory (1981) 1787:. Random House. pp. 190–192. 830:Companion of the Order of the Bath 416:, the intelligence section of the 25: 3297:Military personnel from Berkshire 3187:Commanders of the Legion of Merit 3099:British Overseas Territory (2002) 2333:Warshaw, Justin (27 April 2019). 1630:, London: Macmillan, 1972 p.88-89 1558:, London: Macmillan, 1972 p.80-81 1277:. 12 November 1918. p. 4172. 1043:Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale 1015:the congress all felt the end of 784:Negroes of Abyssina against Italy 3282:British Army lieutenant generals 3277:20th-century British politicians 3232:Recipients of the Military Cross 3145: 2674: 2591:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2475:The International History Review 2309:. 25 October 1946. p. 5262. 1495:, London: Macmillan, 1967 p.412. 1482:, London: Macmillan, 1967 p.411. 940:Commander of the Legion of Merit 840:(BEF) in 1939–40 and during the 782:as the British had "incited the 300:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 232:Commander of the Legion of Merit 3262:People educated at Rugby School 1881:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.391. 1855:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.390. 1842:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.389. 1755:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.182. 1400:, London: Heinemann 1989 p.183. 704:Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia 362:on 2 December 1918, and reads: 317:Mason-MacFarlane served in the 244:Sir Frank Noel Mason-MacFarlane 3222:People from Twyford, Berkshire 2438:Strang, Bruce (October 1996). 2383:. Barnesley: Pen & Sword. 1602:, London: Macmillan, 1972 p.86 925:air crash there on 4 July 1943 752:Mason-MacFarlane proposed the 286:Early life and military career 1: 2487:10.1080/07075332.1987.9640460 1438:London: Macmillan, 1999 p.196 1374:London: Macmillan, 1999 p.195 1206:, London: Macmillan, 1972 p.7 1084:Italy in the Second World War 1039:National Liberation Committee 873:44th (Home Counties) Division 792:Chiang Kai-shek against Japan 1954:. 16 July 1940. p. 447. 1466:London: Macmillan, 1999 p.90 1422:London: Macmillan, 1999 p.89 1148:'s Department of Documents. 975:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 379:during the First World War. 2364:. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. 1679:, Issue 1, March 1994 p.127 1661:, Issue 1, March 1994 p.123 1648:, Issue 1, March 1994 p.122 908:, made up of the surviving 846:Distinguished Service Order 838:British Expeditionary Force 440:, under the ambassador Sir 206:Distinguished Service Order 3318: 2686:Spanish period (1462–1704) 2457:10.1177/002200949603100406 2337:. Time Literacy Supplement 991:. Both the U.S. President 946:the same month and made a 869:General Officer Commanding 587:Sudetendeutsches Freikorps 544:, the deputy chief of the 492:German-Czechoslovak border 452:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht 3302:Cricketers from Berkshire 3287:British military attachés 3143: 2681: 2672: 2623: 2604: 2596: 2589: 2579: 2570: 2562: 2557: 2547: 2538: 2530: 2525: 2431:10.1080/09592299408405911 955:Allied Control Commission 853:Joint Intelligence Centre 725:German invasion of Poland 628:was being organised for " 298:and, after attending the 162:Allied Control Commission 41: 36:Sir Noel Mason-MacFarlane 3237:Royal Artillery officers 2737:Treaty of Utrecht (1713) 2518:Generals of World War II 2419:Diplomacy and Statecraft 2398:Butler, Ewan N. (1972). 1677:Diplomacy and Statecraft 1659:Diplomacy and Statecraft 1646:Diplomacy and Statecraft 944:United States government 394:Imperial Defence College 1100:Politics and later life 1093:Italian Communist Party 737:Walther von Brauchitsch 377:mentioned in despatches 218:Mentioned in Despatches 3197:Governors of Gibraltar 2666:Governors of Gibraltar 2360:Mead, Richard (2007). 2235:Italy and Its Monarchy 2217:Italy and Its Monarchy 2201:Italy and Its Monarchy 2125:Italy and Its Monarchy 2112:Italy and Its Monarchy 2099:Italy and Its Monarchy 1491:Wheeler-Bennett, John 1478:Wheeler-Bennett, John 1319:Bouverie, Tim (2019). 579:, and a nervous young 369: 344:to the award in 1918 ( 188:Third Anglo-Afghan War 2573:Governor of Gibraltar 2402:. London: Macmillan. 1951:The Edinburgh Gazette 1274:The Edinburgh Gazette 1106:1945 general election 1012:German-occupied Italy 993:Franklin D. Roosevelt 929:Polish Prime Minister 921:Governor of Gibraltar 919:Mason-MacFarlane was 834:1939 New Year Honours 612:George Ogilvie-Forbes 389:Staff College, Quetta 336:. He was awarded the 276:Governor of Gibraltar 170:Governor of Gibraltar 120:Years of service 18:Noel Mason-Macfarlane 3272:Europeans cricketers 2607:Member of Parliament 2379:Smart, Nick (2005). 1493:The Nemesis of Power 1480:The Nemesis of Power 1113:Member of Parliament 963:Robert Daniel Murphy 883:, shortly after the 802:Gerhard von Schwerin 466:, the ambassador in 3217:People from Cookham 2866:Crown colony (1830) 2824:Kent and Strathearn 2558:Government offices 1973:on 5 September 2013 1323:(1 ed.). 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The director of 352:, the most junior 241:Lieutenant General 132:Lieutenant General 93:Twyford, Berkshire 3154: 3153: 2913:Napier of Magdala 2703:occupation (1704) 2633: 2632: 2624:Succeeded by 2580:Succeeded by 2566:The Viscount Gort 2548:Succeeded by 2526:Military offices 2371:978-1-86227-431-0 2266:Buchanan, Andrew 2181:Buchanan, Andrew 2163:Buchanan, Andrew 2143:Buchanan, Andrew 1935:, 24 August 1953. 1794:978-0-553-38255-6 1333:978-0-451-49984-4 1166:Mason-MacFarlane. 1121:Winston Churchill 1075:candidate in the 997:Winston Churchill 842:Battle of Dunkirk 596:10 Downing Street 581:Czechoslovak Army 529:agent provocateur 508:Robert Vansittart 472:Alexander Cadogan 460:embassy in Berlin 308:second lieutenant 238: 237: 16:(Redirected from 3309: 3242:UK MPs 1945–1950 3149: 2998:Mason-Macfarlane 2948:Forestier-Walker 2678: 2659: 2652: 2645: 2636: 2611:Paddington North 2597:Preceded by 2563:Preceded by 2545:April–June 1941 2531:Preceded by 2523: 2490: 2469: 2459: 2434: 2413: 2394: 2375: 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809:Royal Artillery 771:Cesare Orsenigo 671:Czecho-Slovakia 566:go home to the 385: 373:Croix de guerre 319:First World War 312:Royal Artillery 288: 258: 251: 247: 234:(United States) 230: 225: 222:Croix de guerre 220: 216: 208: 204: 190: 186: 184:First World War 172: 168: 152:Royal Artillery 91: 87: 70: 69:23 October 1889 64: 62: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3159: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 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