503:, organized by the Nokota Horse Conservancy. There was briefly a second registry: a Minnesota-based organization called the Nokota Horse Association. In October 2009, the two registries disputed which had the right to the Nokota breed name, with the Association claiming that they own the legal trademark to the name. The Registry sued, contending that they created the name and had a longer history with the breed. A US District Court ordered that the Association cease registering horses until the matter was settled, and the association disappeared from public view soon after. In the fall of 2009, another organization, the North Dakota Badlands Horse Registry, was created. This organization registers horses that have been removed from the park in recent years, stating that these horses are not accepted by the Nokota Horse Registry. As of March 2011, approximately 40 horses had been registered. These horses tend to be of a slightly different
483:
208:
27:
479:. Since then, the horses on the Kuntz ranch have been bred to maintain and improve their Spanish characteristics. In 1999, the Kuntz brothers founded the Nokota Horse Conservancy to protect and conserve the Nokota horse. The Nokota Horse Conservancy tracks around 1,000 living and dead horses, and Nokota horses can be found throughout the United States.
459:, a blue roan. This was in addition to smaller numbers of horses purchased in 1981, 1991 and 1997. After researching the history of the breed, the Kuntzs stated that they had found evidence that the horses in the park were probably related to the remaining horses from the band of 250 Sitting Bull horses, who had been range-bred by the
475:. In 1993, the Nokota was declared the Honorary State Equine of the state of North Dakota. In 1994, researchers conducted a study of the horses in the park and on the Kuntz's ranch, and discovered that none of the horses in the park, and only about 20 on the ranch, had characteristics consistent with the
495:
annual "Benefit Horse" Campaign for the following year; a Breyer model was created, manufactured, and marketed in 2007, with a portion of the proceeds going to the Nokota Horse
Conservancy. As of 2006, the Kuntz family owned approximately 500 Nokota horses, with the Nokota Horse Conservancy owning an
490:
Theodore
Roosevelt National Park has continued thinning the herd, with several roundups conducted throughout the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century. In 2000, the last horses to be considered of "traditional" Nokota type was removed from the wild, with some being purchased by supporters of the
386:
In a great many —indeed in most— localities there are wild horses to be found, which, although invariably of domestic descent, being either themselves runaways from some ranch or Indian outfit, or else claiming such for their sires and dams, yet are quite as wild as the antelope on whose domain they
431:
In the late 1970s, growing public opposition to the removal of feral horses prompted management strategy changes, and today the herds within the
Theodore Roosevelt National Park are managed for the purposes of historical demonstration. However, in 1986 the park added outside bloodlines with the aim
169:. In 2009, the North Dakota Badlands Horse Registry was created, which registers the slightly different type of horses which have been removed from the park in recent years. Today, the park conducts regular thinning of the herd to keep numbers between 70 and 110, and the excess horses are sold off.
423:
was established in the 1940s, during construction, a few bands of horses were accidentally enclosed within the Park fence, and by 1960 these bands were the last remaining feral horses in North Dakota. Nonetheless, the park sought to eliminate these horses. The
National Park Service was declared
454:
stallion. At the same time that the stallion replacements took place, many horses from the park were rounded up and sold. At the 1986 auction, concerned about the welfare of the Nokota horse, Leo and Frank Kuntz purchased 54 horses, including the dominant
161:, and released several stallions with outside bloodlines into the herds. At this point, brothers Leo and Frank Kuntz began purchasing the horses with the aim of preserving the breed, and founded the Nokota Horse Conservancy in 1999, later beginning a
432:
of modifying the appearance of the Nokota. Park management felt that the horses created with the outside bloodlines would sell better at subsequent auctions. The dominant herd stallions were removed and replaced with two feral
149:
and related breeds. The Nokota was almost wiped out during the early 20th century when ranchers, in cooperation with state and federal agencies, worked together to reduce competition for livestock grazing. However, when
836:
858:
considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
414:
By the early 20th century, the feral horse herds became the target of local ranchers looking to limit grazing competition for their livestock. Many horses were rounded up, and either used as ranch horses, sold for
274:
There are two general types of the Nokota horse. The first is the traditional Nokota, known by the registry as the
National Park Traditional. They tend to be smaller, more refined, and closer in type to the
471:
By 1993, the Kuntz brothers had a herd of 150 horses, including those purchased from the park over the course of several auctions and their descendants. They used the horses mainly for ranching and
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that covered free-roaming horses and burros on other federal lands. This allowed them to view the herds as nuisances and deal with them as such, including sending many to slaughter.
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283:(56 and 59 inches, 142 and 150 cm) high. The second type is known as the ranch-type or National Park Ranch, more closely resemble early "foundation type"
491:
Nokota Horse
Conservancy. The National Park Service currently maintains a herd of 70 to 110 horses. In 2006, the breed was chosen to be the beneficiary of
419:, or shot. From the 1930s through the 1950s, federal and state agencies worked with ranchers to remove horses from western North Dakota. However, when
183:
called the "Indian shuffle". The breed is generally separated into two sections, the traditional and the ranch type, which differ slightly in
708:
760:
347:
576:
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298:, once known as the "Indian shuffle." Nokota horses are described as versatile and intelligent. Members of the breed have been used in
463:, who founded the town of Medora. However, the short-lived Nokota Horse Association stated that there was no evidence for this claim.
134:
554:
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than the horses registered by the Nokota Horse
Registry due to the additional blood from different breeds released into the park.
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to make hardy, useful ranch horses. Theodore
Roosevelt, who ranched in the Little Missouri area between 1883 and 1886, wrote:
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322:. Sources vary on the etymology of the breed's name, with one source stating that the Nokota derives its name from the
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through the same organization. Later, a second, short-lived, registry was begun by another organization in
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709:"Endangered Nokota Mustangs Named Beneficiary of Breyer Animal Creations' Annual "Benefit Horse" Campaign"
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people who inhabited North and South Dakota, while another says that the name was a combination of
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was created in the 1940s, a few bands were inadvertently trapped inside, and thus were preserved.
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395:, bought 60 mares from a herd of 250 Native American-bred horses originally confiscated from the
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additional 40. At that point, there were less than 1,000 living
Nokotas in the world.
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291:(58 to 68 inches, 147 to 173 cm). Members of the breed often exhibit an
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666:
Johnson, Kristi Lee (March 23, 1993). "Sioux Horses Find a Home on the Range".
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A small band of Nokota horses, showing several common colors of the breed
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local Indian ponies, Spanish horses from the southwest, and various
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in the United States. The breed developed in the 19th century from
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consisting of ranch-bred horses produced from the horses of local
93:
818:
809:
546:
Storey's
Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
78:
577:"Nokota: The Smart, Hardy Horse from the North Dakota Plains"
714:(Press release). Breyer. December 20, 2006. Archived from
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The Nokota horse developed in the southwestern corner of
157:
In 1986, the park sold off many horses, including herd
788:. North Dakota Badlands Horse Registry. March 13, 2011
362:
mingled with the original feral herds. Ranchers often
615:"Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Wild Feral Horses"
223:, and a low set tail. Members of the breed are often
215:
The Nokota horse has an angular frame with prominent
187:
and height. They are used in many events, including
1220:
864:
426:
Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971
172:The Nokota horse has an angular frame, is commonly
69:
51:
46:
36:
1292:Horse breeds originating from Indigenous Americans
681:
227:, which is a color rare in other breeds, although
761:"Hearing delayed in Nokota horse breed dispute"
279:, and generally stand between 14 and 14.3
1282:Horse breeds originating in the United States
830:
306:, and a few have been used in events such as
8:
846:Horse breeds of Canada and the United States
235:are also common. Less common colors include
19:
287:, and generally stand from 14.2 to 17
837:
823:
815:
683:"Groups in legal dispute over horse breed"
641:. Nokota Horse Conservancy. Archived from
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450:stallion, a Quarter Horse stallion and an
25:
18:
538:
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549:. Storey Publishing. pp. 192–195.
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358:in the 19th century, and horses from
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391:In 1884, the HT Ranch, located near
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786:"The North Dakota Badlands Horse"
499:The Nokota Horse Registry is the
421:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
176:in color, and often exhibits an
152:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
334:created by the Kuntz brothers.
1062:Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
575:Stewart, Kara (October 2006).
411:, also owned by the HT Ranch.
348:Little Missouri River Badlands
1:
1313:
742:. Nokota Horse Conservancy
354:were first encountered by
1251:
852:
438:Bureau of Land Management
87:
74:
24:
1127:North American Sportpony
1072:Lac La Croix Indian Pony
932:American Sorraia Mustang
907:American Miniature Horse
810:Nokota Horse Conservancy
493:Breyer Animal Creations'
1197:Tennessee Walking Horse
1097:Mountain Pleasure Horse
617:. National Park Service
543:Dutson, Judith (2005).
52:Distinguishing features
16:American breed of horse
1137:Pryor Mountain mustang
927:American Shetland Pony
917:American Quarter Horse
882:American Belgian Draft
877:American Bashkir Curly
487:
477:Colonial Spanish Horse
389:
277:Colonial Spanish Horse
212:
1052:Florida Cracker Horse
982:Camarillo White Horse
947:American Walking Pony
942:American Spotted Paso
902:American Indian Horse
639:"The Nokota Timeline"
485:
384:
271:occur occasionally.
210:
203:Breed characteristics
131:foundation bloodstock
79:Nokota Horse Registry
55:Angular frame, often
1255:List of horse breeds
1187:Spotted Saddle Horse
1167:Spanish Jennet Horse
1157:Rocky Mountain Horse
1132:Pony of the Americas
1077:Missouri Fox Trotter
1012:Carolina Marsh Tacky
1002:Canadian Sport Horse
997:Canadian Rustic Pony
957:American White Horse
912:American Paint Horse
892:American Crème Horse
887:American Cream Draft
765:The Bismarck Tribune
740:"The Breed Registry"
486:A blue roan stallion
393:Medora, North Dakota
94:Equus ferus caballus
59:, often exhibits an
1207:Virginia Highlander
1107:National Show Horse
922:American Saddlebred
897:American Drum Horse
197:English disciplines
21:
1243:Narragansett Pacer
1007:Canadian Warmblood
952:American Warmblood
872:Alberta Wild Horse
767:. October 30, 2009
690:. October 25, 2009
488:
316:three-day eventing
213:
1262:
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1047:Cumberland Island
1027:Chincoteague Pony
688:The Jamestown Sun
584:Horse Illustrated
263:patterns such as
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37:Country of origin
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1037:Colonial Spanish
937:American Spotted
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586:. Archived from
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461:Marquis de Mores
424:exempt from the
300:endurance racing
189:endurance riding
135:Native Americans
125:of southwestern
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31:Two young horses
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1042:Colorado Ranger
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854:These are the
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804:External links
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721:on May 9, 2008
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501:breed registry
468:
467:1990s to today
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387:have intruded.
360:domestic herds
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304:western riding
285:Quarter Horses
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193:western riding
163:breed registry
147:harness horses
139:Spanish horses
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1297:Feral horses
1277:Horse breeds
1264:
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1192:Standardbred
1172:Spanish Barb
1162:Sable Island
1147:Quarter Pony
1121:
1112:Newfoundland
865:Contemporary
856:horse breeds
790:. Retrieved
780:
769:. Retrieved
764:
755:
744:. Retrieved
734:
723:. Retrieved
716:the original
703:
692:. Retrieved
687:
676:
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647:. Retrieved
643:the original
619:. Retrieved
595:. Retrieved
588:the original
583:
545:
498:
489:
470:
430:
413:
403:and sold at
401:Sitting Bull
390:
385:
380:stock horses
376:Thoroughbred
352:Feral horses
344:North Dakota
341:
331:
327:
320:show jumping
273:
214:
185:conformation
171:
156:
127:North Dakota
108:Nokota horse
107:
105:
91:
20:Nokota horse
1057:Kanata Pony
405:Fort Buford
308:fox hunting
219:, a sloped
137:mixed with
119:horse breed
1271:Categories
859:countries.
792:2012-02-19
771:2009-10-30
746:2009-10-30
725:2009-10-30
694:2009-10-30
649:2009-10-30
621:2009-08-27
597:2012-02-20
515:References
116:semi-feral
1233:Chickasaw
962:Appaloosa
505:phenotype
445:crossbred
443:herds, a
434:stallions
417:slaughter
409:Lexington
364:crossbred
346:, in the
225:blue roan
174:blue roan
167:Minnesota
159:stallions
57:blue roan
987:Canadian
509:genotype
457:stallion
356:ranchers
312:dressage
257:palomino
245:chestnut
237:red roan
123:badlands
1221:Extinct
1102:Mustang
452:Arabian
441:Mustang
399:leader
372:harness
338:History
293:ambling
217:withers
178:ambling
61:ambling
1212:Welara
1142:Quarab
1122:Nokota
1087:Morgan
977:Blazer
972:Banker
553:
397:Lakota
330:rth Da
324:Nakota
269:sabino
253:grullo
47:Traits
1202:Tiger
1082:Morab
719:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
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591:(PDF)
580:(PDF)
448:Shire
436:from
368:draft
289:hands
281:hands
265:overo
261:Pinto
229:black
221:croup
112:feral
110:is a
551:ISBN
507:and
378:and
332:kota
318:and
302:and
296:gait
267:and
255:and
233:gray
231:and
195:and
181:gait
114:and
106:The
64:gait
249:dun
241:bay
1273::
763:.
686:.
658:^
630:^
606:^
582:.
565:^
523:^
374:,
370:,
350:.
328:No
314:,
310:,
259:.
251:,
247:,
243:,
239:,
199:.
191:,
145:,
141:,
838:e
831:t
824:v
795:.
774:.
749:.
728:.
697:.
652:.
624:.
600:.
559:.
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