124:, where it can be used as a proxy to study the collective properties of reactive atmospheric VOCs. The exclusion of methane is necessary due to its relatively high ambient concentration in comparison to other atmospheric species and its relative inertness. NMVOCs is an umbrella term which encompasses all speciated and oxygenated biogenic, anthropogenic, and pyrogenic organic molecules present in the atmosphere, minus the contribution of methane. The necessity of this term is also governed by current estimates which suggest that somewhere between 10,000 and 100,000 NMVOCs are present in the atmosphere, most with concentrations in the realm of parts per billion or parts per trillion. The aggregation of these compounds and their collective properties are easier to study than the individual components.
101:
491:
159:
There are estimated to be 40 or less NMVOC classified compounds emitted from vegetation that actively influence atmospheric composition, as many NMVOCs are either weakly volatile or are unlikely to be emitted at high volume into the atmosphere. These atmospherically important NMVOCs include compounds
397:
Global NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources have been increasing over time, with the emissions amount rising from 119,000kt to 169,000kt between 1970 and 2010. Regionally, trends vary, with
America and Europe reducing their emissions in the same time period, while Africa and Asia increased
218:
Of these processes, chlorophyll related emissions and emissions from specialized defense tissues are understood to the point of numerical description. This has led to the characterization of all other emissions processes (besides chlorophyll related emissions) using the model of emissions from
247:
The chemical composition of emissions from biomass burning varies across different stages of burning, but total NMVOCs emitted from burning is estimated to be 4.5 grams of Carbon per kilogram. The main NMVOCs emitted from burning are ethane, propane, propene, and
243:
Biomass burning, other than for use as fuel, is considered to be a biogenic source. These emissions are modeled based on the area burned, the ratio of above ground biomass to total biomass, the density of the burned organic matter, and combustion efficiency.
330:
EDGAR measures that in 2015, the amount of NMVOCS from the six most contributing sectors (agriculture, power industry, waste, buildings, transport, and other industrial combustion) was 1.2*10 tons. The reported emissions are provided by sector as follows:
235:). However, due to the ability for many other soil microorganisms to metabolize these compounds, soils sometimes act as a sink for NMVOCs, leading to the belief that NMVOC flux from soil is negligible.
522:
Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017).
398:
their NMVOC emissions in this period. Reductions in emissions from
America and Europe are largely attributed to use of greener fuels for transport and changing emissions standards.
574:
Guenther, Alex; Hewitt, C. Nicholas; Erickson, David; Fall, Ray; Geron, Chris; Graedel, Tom; Harley, Peter; Klinger, Lee; Lerdau, Manuel; Mckay, W. A.; Pierce, Tom (1995).
263:
Volcanism results in the emissions of many NMVOCs, but at negligible rates. Natural gas seepage is estimated to result in emissions of approximately 0.06 o 2.6 μg m h.
798:
Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Dentener, Frank; Guizzardi, Diego; Sindelarova, Katerina; Muntean, Marilena; Van
Dingenen, Rita; Granier, Claire (2016).
135:
is not directly emitted, but is instead formed by the reaction of sunlight with various other emitted compounds, including NMHCs (a type of NMVOC), methane,
439:
271:
In the
European Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), anthropogenic sources of NMVOCs are divided into the following categories:
476:
192:). These NMVOCs which are emitted by vegetation can be divided by source as having originated from one of seven processes:
855:
524:"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"
703:"Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"
621:
Goldstein, Allen H.; Galbally, Ian E. (2007). "Known and
Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere".
56:
800:"Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts"
82:
into one figure. In absence of more detailed data, this can be a very coarse parameter for pollution (e.g. for
24:
151:
In some non-urban areas, biogenic emissions of NMVOCs meet or exceed anthropogenic emissions of NMVOCs.
121:
67:, with low reactivity and thus a long lifetime in the atmosphere. An important subset of NMVOCs are the
48:
78:
Sometimes NMVOC is also used as a sum parameter for emissions, where all NMVOC emissions are added up
87:
181:
777:
730:
603:
553:
302:
132:
850:
821:
769:
722:
646:
638:
595:
545:
472:
435:
290:
104:
811:
761:
714:
630:
587:
575:
535:
464:
427:
664:
260:
Major geogenic sources of NMVOCs include volcanism and seepage resulting from natural gas.
136:
100:
64:
718:
845:
839:
765:
60:
799:
781:
734:
607:
557:
702:
177:
40:
749:
317:
83:
44:
456:
468:
321:
825:
816:
773:
726:
642:
599:
549:
540:
523:
421:
249:
161:
31:. NMVOCs include a large variety of chemically different compounds, such as
650:
202:
Emissions from defense processes not related to defense specialized tissues
431:
232:
173:
165:
107:
is an important NMVOC due to its high photochemical reactivity to form
94:
52:
36:
32:
28:
634:
591:
228:
189:
185:
169:
127:
Many NMVOCs carry importance due to their influence on atmospheric
227:
Many NMVOCs are produced by soil microorganisms (such as methane,
128:
108:
99:
455:
Nesaratnam, Suresh T.; Taherzadeh, Shahram; Barratt, Rod (2014),
748:
Lamb, Brian; Guenther, Alex; Gay, David; Westberg, Hal (1987).
576:"A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions"
463:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 15–98,
140:
63:
contexts because it is not toxic. It is however a very potent
59:(VOCs), but with methane excluded. Methane is excluded in
750:"A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions"
23:) are a set of organic compounds that are typically
93:The major sources of NMVOCs include vegetation,
97:burning, geogenic sources, and human activity.
27:in the atmosphere—marked by the exclusion of
8:
580:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
423:Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
457:"Section 2: Meteorology and Air Pollutants"
311:Railways, pipelines, and off-road transport
199:Emissions from specialized defense tissues
815:
539:
426:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
333:
208:Emissions from cut and drying vegetation
407:
55:. Essentially, NMVOCs are identical to
623:Environmental Science & Technology
17:Non-methane volatile organic compounds
793:
791:
7:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
569:
567:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
415:
413:
411:
120:The study of NMVOCs is important in
296:Emissions from production processes
196:Emissions from chloroplast activity
116:Importance of atmospheric chemistry
214:Other vegetation related emissions
205:Emissions of plant growth hormones
14:
804:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
669:Climate & Clean Air Coalition
528:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
1:
719:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3
219:specialized defense tissues.
766:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9
420:Koppmann, Ralf, ed. (2007).
388:Other Industrial Combustion
278:Combustion for manufacturing
872:
335:NMVOC Emissions by Sector
211:Emissions of floral scents
57:volatile organic compounds
469:10.1002/9781118863886.ch2
817:10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016
541:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017
69:non-methane hydrocarbons
25:photochemically reactive
754:Atmospheric Environment
707:Atmospheric Environment
343:NMVOC Emissions (tons)
287:Transformation Industry
267:Anthropogenic emissions
492:"System of Registries"
461:Air Quality Management
293:from fuel exploitation
223:Soil microbe emissions
112:
432:10.1002/9780470988657
122:atmospheric chemistry
103:
49:1,1,1-trichloroethane
856:Indoor air pollution
713:(12–14): 2205–2230.
701:Guenther, A (2000).
665:"Tropospheric ozone"
281:Energy for buildings
155:Vegetation emissions
88:indoor air pollution
336:
284:Road transportation
334:
303:Agricultural waste
291:Fugitive emissions
133:Ground level ozone
113:
111:in the atmosphere.
635:10.1021/es072476p
592:10.1029/94JD02950
586:(D5): 8873–8892.
534:(12): 7683–7701.
441:978-0-470-98865-7
395:
394:
314:Fossil Fuel Fires
147:Biogenic emission
863:
830:
829:
819:
810:(6): 3825–3841.
795:
786:
785:
760:(8): 1695–1705.
745:
739:
738:
698:
679:
678:
676:
675:
661:
655:
654:
629:(5): 1514–1521.
618:
612:
611:
571:
562:
561:
543:
519:
500:
499:
488:
482:
481:
452:
446:
445:
417:
337:
275:Power generation
256:Geogenic sources
105:Trimethylbenzene
871:
870:
866:
865:
864:
862:
861:
860:
836:
835:
834:
833:
797:
796:
789:
747:
746:
742:
700:
699:
682:
673:
671:
663:
662:
658:
620:
619:
615:
573:
572:
565:
521:
520:
503:
490:
489:
485:
479:
454:
453:
449:
442:
419:
418:
409:
404:
356:Power Industry
269:
258:
241:
239:Biomass burning
225:
157:
149:
141:nitrogen oxides
137:carbon monoxide
118:
12:
11:
5:
869:
867:
859:
858:
853:
848:
838:
837:
832:
831:
787:
740:
680:
656:
613:
563:
501:
483:
477:
447:
440:
406:
405:
403:
400:
393:
392:
391:48,505,685.26
389:
385:
384:
383:32,729,144.19
381:
377:
376:
375:24,948,773.51
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
328:
327:
324:
315:
312:
309:
306:
300:
299:Oil Refineries
297:
294:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
268:
265:
257:
254:
240:
237:
224:
221:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
156:
153:
148:
145:
117:
114:
65:greenhouse gas
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
868:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
827:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
792:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
681:
670:
666:
660:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
568:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
502:
497:
493:
487:
484:
480:
478:9781118863886
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
448:
443:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
401:
399:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
378:
374:
371:
370:
367:3,066,094.19
366:
363:
362:
358:
355:
354:
351:9,450,016.04
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
332:
325:
323:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
272:
266:
264:
261:
255:
253:
251:
245:
238:
236:
234:
230:
222:
220:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:organic acids
175:
171:
167:
163:
154:
152:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:air-pollution
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
807:
803:
757:
753:
743:
710:
706:
672:. Retrieved
668:
659:
626:
622:
616:
583:
579:
531:
527:
495:
486:
460:
450:
422:
396:
348:Agriculture
329:
270:
262:
259:
246:
242:
226:
217:
158:
150:
126:
119:
92:
79:
77:
72:
68:
41:formaldehyde
20:
16:
15:
496:sor.epa.gov
359:856,907.07
318:Solid waste
84:summer smog
45:cyclohexane
840:Categories
674:2021-11-20
402:References
380:Transport
372:Buildings
322:wastewater
162:terpenoids
80:per weight
826:1680-7324
774:0004-6981
727:1352-2310
643:0013-936X
600:2156-2202
550:1680-7324
498:. US EPA.
250:acetylene
174:aldehydes
851:Solvents
782:55462971
735:55449924
651:17396635
608:42852605
558:55072182
326:Aviation
308:Shipping
233:isoprene
182:alcohols
166:hexenals
160:such as
340:Sector
305:burning
190:alkanes
186:ketones
170:alkenes
95:biomass
53:acetone
37:ethanol
33:benzene
29:methane
824:
780:
772:
733:
725:
649:
641:
606:
598:
556:
548:
475:
438:
364:Waste
231:, and
229:ethane
188:, and
139:, and
21:NMVOCs
778:S2CID
731:S2CID
604:S2CID
554:S2CID
129:ozone
109:ozone
73:NMHCs
846:Smog
822:ISSN
770:ISSN
723:ISSN
647:PMID
639:ISSN
596:ISSN
546:ISSN
473:ISBN
436:ISBN
320:and
51:and
812:doi
762:doi
715:doi
631:doi
588:doi
584:100
536:doi
465:doi
428:doi
90:).
86:or
75:).
842::
820:.
808:16
806:.
802:.
790:^
776:.
768:.
758:21
756:.
752:.
729:.
721:.
711:34
709:.
705:.
683:^
667:.
645:.
637:.
627:41
625:.
602:.
594:.
582:.
578:.
566:^
552:.
544:.
532:17
530:.
526:.
504:^
494:.
471:,
459:,
434:.
410:^
252:.
184:,
180:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
143:.
131:.
47:,
43:,
39:,
35:,
828:.
814::
784:.
764::
737:.
717::
677:.
653:.
633::
610:.
590::
560:.
538::
467::
444:.
430::
71:(
19:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
