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makes Middle-earth real and solid as each added fact squares with the text and lends it depth. Turner gives two reasons for the importance of the metatext. Firstly, the metatext entirely supports the world of the text, seen from inside the frame where the author is imagined as a translator. Secondly, the
Appendices are clearly narrated by an editor, a literary figure who is compiling the whole book from ancient documents. Since, Turner comments, the editor treats the metatext material as real, creating a "wider text-world" than the text itself does. Turner notes that Tolkien stated that this was absolutely necessary: the secondary world has to be presented as
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361:", insisting that the suspension of disbelief was "involuntary" in successful fiction, and that it was "difficult and requires much labor" to achieve this in literature. Phelpstead comments that the "non-narrative aspects of world-building" have largely been overlooked by scholars of literature but are being explored in the less narrowly-focused discipline of
389:, comments that these non-narrative elements "will all sound familiar as they are the techniques that used to immerse readers into Arda ." Andrew Higgins, reviewing Groom's article, comments that Tolkien, like the antiquarians, invented legends and myths, but not simply as fantasy; he and they "felt they were recording a past that was already there".
900:. The emblems correspond in nature to their bearers, and their diversity contributes to the richly-detailed realism of his writings, lending colour to the characters' backgrounds and personalities. Scholars note that Tolkien went through different phases in his use of heraldry; his early account of the Elvish heraldry of
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margin incorporating a Cirth script that reads 'THE LORD OF THE RINGS TRANSLATED FROM THE RED BOOK', and a bottom margin in
Tengwar, which continues the sentence 'of Westmarch by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien herein is set forth the history of the War of the Ring and the return of the King as seen by the Hobbits'.
1011:
Tolkien stated that he began with maps and developed his plots from them, but that he also wanted his maps to be picturesque. He painstakingly constructed his characters' intersecting movements to get each of them to the right places at the right times. He drew his maps, such as the one of Gondor and
378:
wrote in medieval style, creating a variety of non-narrative materials much as
Tolkien did. Finding a lack of suitable material, he "invented his own archaic language and calligraphy; produced his own complex medieval manuscripts, maps, sketches, and heraldry; loaded his pseudo-antique writings with
1733:
comments that these "resonat" or "collaborat" with the main text to amplify its effect, making it more believable. Tolkien's paratexts include prefaces, notes, and appendices of all kinds; scholars including Croft have stated that his maps, too, serve as paratextual amplifiers of his narratives. The
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contain precisely worked-out chronologies of Middle-earth, supporting the narrative with background detail of many aspects of the nations and characters. Appendix A: "Annals of the Kings and Rulers" gives background to the larger world of Middle-earth, with brief overviews of the events of the first
1007:
in his writings. Shippey comments that the maps contribute an "air of solidity and extent both in space and time which its successors so conspicuously lack". He suggests that readers take maps and the names on them as labels with "a very close one-to-one relationship with whatever they label". That
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and historical appendices to create a feeling of realism. Carl
Phelpstead writes that Tolkien's "prolific creation of the languages, peoples, genealogies, and history that give Middle-earth an unprecedented (and unmatched) sense of reality is calculated to prevent ... disbelief by providing the kind
1831:
describes what Turner calls "the huge metatext" of the
Appendices as " in the least necessary to the narrative", granting only that "they have given much infantile happiness to the Tolkien clubs and societies". Turner notes that Shippey directly refutes Brooke-Rose, showing that the mass of detail
841:
invited him to suggest ideas for the dust jackets of the three volumes, he supplied a design using the Ring inscription in
Tengwar for the first book. Although this proved too expensive, a simplified version using the inscription was used for all three volumes. For the title page, he drew a top
694:"enlist the aesthetics of antiquarianism" and that he "adopts the techniques of literary forgery". Sherwood adds that these forgery methods were much like Chatterton's ways of making his documents look realistic. The set of forged and invented non-narrative elements took their place alongside
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paperbacks in the United States helped it to become immensely popular with a new generation in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003
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Commentators have noted that
Tolkien's verse has long been overlooked, and almost never emulated by other fantasy writers; but that since the 1990s it has received scholarly attention. The verse includes light-hearted songs and apparent nonsense, as with those of
1426:
comments that readers were not expected to know the song's literal meaning, but were meant to make something of it: it was clearly something from an unfamiliar language, and it announced that "there is more to Middle-earth than can immediately be communicated".
1342:
to do honour to his hardihood, and to grace with splendour his faithful brown hobbit-hand that had done such deeds, the phial blazed forth suddenly, so that all the shadowy court was lit with a dazzling radiance like lightning; but it remained steady and did not
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1218:. The family trees gave Tolkien a way of exploring and developing the etymologies of characters' names, and their genealogical relationships. They imply, too, the fascination of his Hobbit characters with their family history. A further function was to show how
116:
Other scholars have discussed why
Tolkien spent so much effort on these antiquarian-style elements. Some of the materials suggest that Tolkien was just the editor of real materials that had come into his hands. This applies, for example, to artworks like the
1814:(which was claimed to be a translation from an imagined Arabic author, El Cid Benegali). Tolkien thus placed himself as having come across an ancient document, edited and annotated by many hands. Again, Turner notes, Tolkien had not invented this idea, as
1071:, and then more detailed histories of the nations of Men in Gondor and Rohan, as well as a history of the royal Dwarvish line of Durin during the Third Age. Appendix B: "The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands)" is a timeline of events throughout
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filled his written works with "illuminated pages" containing his own artwork. Sherwood argues that
Tolkien intentionally set about improving on antiquarian forgery, eventually creating "the codes and conventions of modern fantasy literature".
1075:, and ancient events affecting the narrative; in lesser detail, it gives the stories' context in the fictional chronology of the larger mythology. Tolkien used the timeline, in conjunction with his maps of Middle-earth, to align the
685:
s pages, "pierced holes along one side to resemble the holes where the parchment would have been stitched to the binding and washed them with red paint to resemble bloodstains". Groom notes that
Tolkien was not a
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In antiquarian style, Tolkien created many non-narrative materials. These are both graphic, such as artwork, heraldry, and maps; and textual, such as appendices, footnotes, glossaries, and prefaces.
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Tolkien is not the first writer to create works that stand at the nexus of history and literature, as I will address the many texts Tolkien drew from which also demonstrate these traits.
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1540:, which echo the oral tradition of Old English poetry. Scholarly analysis of Tolkien's verse shows that it is both varied and of high technical skill, making use of different
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and realism in the stories set in his fantasy world by showing that each character is rooted in history with a rich network of relationships. Tolkien included multiple
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in turn makes maps "extraordinarily useful to fantasy", as they constantly assure the reader that the places depicted exist and have history and cultures behind them.
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1512:. Tolkien stated that all his poems and songs were dramatic in function, not seeking to express the poet's emotions, but throwing light on the characters, such as
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Tolkien's artwork was a key element of his creativity from the time when he began to write fiction. He prepared illustrations for his Middle-earth fantasy books,
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in the way that he did, giving it a history as well as a narrative, Tolkien was following in a tradition that interwove history with literature. She notes that
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Tolkien made maps depicting Middle-earth to help him with plot development, to guide the reader through his often complex stories, and to contribute to the
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is the foundation. The 'stories' were made rather to provide a world for the languages than the reverse. To me a name comes first and the story follows."
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105:, glossaries, prologues, and annotations. Much of this material is collected in the many appendices. Scholars have stated that the use of these elements
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family character. Bilbo inherits bourgeois Baggins and adventurous Took, suiting him both for life in the Shire and for the adventure described in
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2119:"Reviews: The Evolution of Modern Fantasy: From Antiquarianism to the Ballantine Adult Fantasy Series. Jamie Williamson. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015"
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Jamie Williamson identifies antiquarianism as an ancestor of modern fantasy. Tolkien was in Williamson's view following earlier authors like
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consists of poems and songs interspersed with the novel's prose. The book contains over 60 pieces of verse of many kinds, including for
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Book of Mazarbul, and to annals that seem to have been edited and annotated by different people over many years. It applies, too, to
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1701:, readers can see that what appears as luck to the protagonists reflects a higher purpose throughout Tolkien's narrative.
3829:
Sundmark, Björn (2017). "Mapping Middle Earth: A Tolkienian Legacy". In Goga, Nina; Kümmerling-Meibauer, Bettina (eds.).
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1693:, who never has time to collect his thoughts. Further, the proverbs help to convey Tolkien's underlying message about
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Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction
1764:. This in turn placed Tolkien in the role of fictional translator of the surviving ancient text, helping to make the
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who populate it. Scholars have commented that the proverbs are sometimes used directly to portray characters such as
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and plotted the protagonists' tracks, annotating these with dates to ensure that the chronology fitted exactly.
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prefaces, footnotes, appendices, and glossaries". Björn Sundmark notes that Tolkien was following authors like
224:. Tolkien stated that whenever he read a medieval work, he wanted to write a modern one in the same tradition.
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1299:. He stated that "I am a philologist and all my work is philological"; he explained to his American publisher
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corresponds broadly to heraldic tradition in the choice of emblems and colours, but that later when he wrote
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to support the story and bring readers into his fantasy; he had hoped to include it in the first edition of
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was found to be the "Nation's best-loved book." In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found
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Tolkien was fascinated by language in his childhood, and professionally interested in it as a philologist.
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of inner consistency which commands Secondary Belief." Phelpstead states that Tolkien argued against
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An exception is Poul and Karen Anderson's 1991 short story "Faith", which ends with two stanzas of "
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and the separate routes taken by Aragorn's army from Minas Tirith to the Morannon (left), and the
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52:, was, despite his best efforts, the only one that the publishers included in the first edition.
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MacLeod, Jeffrey J.; Smol, Anna (2017). "Visualizing the Word: Tolkien as Artist and Writer".
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was broken with a suddenness like the snapping of a cord, and Frodo and Sam stumbled forward.
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374:, places Tolkien in the tradition of English antiquarianism, where 18th century authors like
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3387:"Lord of the Rings, Lecture 4: 'Hobbits?' said Théoden. 'Your tongue is strangely changed.'"
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that Bilbo and later Hobbits had edited, transcribed and annotated the text of the ancient
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2870:(2018). "Doors into Elf-mounds: J.R.R. Tolkien's Introductions, Prefaces, and Forewords".
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1536:, which has been said to convey a sense of "mythic timelessness"; and the laments of the
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enjoyed "invented languages, linguistic systems, and spelling reform", and populated
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as the different characters progress in different directions through the landscape.
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807:. Some of his artworks combined several of these elements to support his fiction.
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is both familiar and solid, and to give a sense of the different cultures of the
918:'s sword and banner, he clearly departs from tradition to suit his storytelling.
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Maps and Mapping in Children's Literature: Landscapes, seascapes and cityscapes
3043:
Brljak, Vladimir (2010). "The Books of Lost Tales: Tolkien as Metafictionist".
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Phelpstead, Carl (2022) . "Myth‐making, Sub‐creation, and World‐building". In
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1876:, Aeland's epic", written in Old English-style alliterative verse, beginning:
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733:, who added genealogies and maps to Percy's range of techniques. The satirist
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3534:"Intertextual Patterns in JRR Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings"
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to Mount Doom (right), with dates along those routes, for an enlarged map in
267:
was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium." The popularity of
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Tolkien made "daring" use of untranslated Elvish, as when the Hobbits reach
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1250:. Frodo inherits bourgeois Baggins and outlandish Buckland, suiting him for
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1434:, such as "'Westu Théoden hál!' cried Éomer". This is a scholarly joke: a
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A Elbereth Gilthoniel / silivren penna míriel / o menel aglar elenath! ...
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2199:"Tolkien and the Age of Forgery: Improving Antiquarian Practices in Arda"
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for the work. This places him not as author but as the last of a line of
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cried. For, why he did not know, his thought sprang back suddenly to the
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with "false maps and pseudonymous authorship", while the poet and artist
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220:. He spent much of his career as a professor of medieval English at the
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The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology
3668:"Symbols of Immortality: A Comparison of European and Elvish Heraldry"
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3979:(2011a). "A Theoretical Model for Tolkien Translation Criticism". In
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Tolkien created many non-narrative materials to accompany his prose.
715:
Among the English antiquarian authors, writes Groom, were the bishop
451:
2224:"[Review:] A Companion to J.R.R. Tolkien, ed. Stuart D. Lee"
1303:
that this was meant to imply that his work was "all of a piece, and
1287:". The most developed of his glossopoeic projects was his family of
914:
he was freer in his approach, and in the complex use of symbols for
3516:
3319:
Tolkien's Worlds: The Places That Inspired the Writer's Imagination
1430:
As well as invented languages, there are untranslated greetings in
1083:
From Appendix B: "The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands)"
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both in the main text and around it in the prologue and appendices
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896:. His descriptions were in simple English rather than in specific
844:
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33:
3026:"Proverbs and Phraseology in Tolkien's Lord of the Rings Complex"
1585: Where is the horn that was blowing?
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Holmes, John R. (2013) . "Art and Illustrations by Tolkien". In
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J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment
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throughout his life, starting in his teens, describing this as "
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devices such as "prefaces, notes, appendices, glossaries", and
447:
5307:
4009:
2929:, pp. 67–73 "A great big book with red and black letters".
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Christina Fawcett writes that by creating his fantasy world of
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3690:"Inside Literature: Tolkien's Explorations of Medieval Genres"
3517:"The Eye and the Tree. The Semantics of Middle-earth Heraldry"
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422:
248:
48:, including drawings and paintings. This illustration, of the
2614:
2612:
2610:
2076:
2074:
1613: like a wind in the meadow; ...
383:
in his use of maps in his fiction. Will Sherwood, writing in
2937:
2935:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2345:
2343:
3584:"Tolkien's Devices: The Herald[r]y of Middle-Earth"
3343:"The English Literary Tradition: Shakespeare to the Gothic"
2976:
2974:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
849:
Multiple dimensions of artistry: Tolkien used his skill in
676:
writes that Tolkien used his pipe to burn the edges of the
393:
Nick Groom's analysis of Tolkien's relationship to English
3698:
Tolkien in the New Century: Essays in Honor of Tom Shippey
1597: and the bright hair flowing?
2907:
2905:
2903:
2396:
2394:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1818:
had done the same in the introduction to his 1820 novel
1601: and the red fire glowing?
1544:
and rarely-used poetic devices to achieve its effects.
690:" like Chatterton, but that his facsimile pages of the
151:
of the surviving ancient text, and helping to make the
2657:"Poetic Insertions in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings"
1804:, with a found manuscript conceit in the tradition of
327:
flourished in the 18th century, and that 19th century
297:
Tolkien was preceded in the use of maps in fiction by
1836:("true history"), so as not "to defeat the 'magic'".
3302:
Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien's Mythology
6229:
6197:
6148:
6107:
6018:
5805:
5774:
5724:
5678:
5644:
5601:
5558:
5549:
5490:
5432:
5405:
5355:
5320:
5182:
5135:
5109:
5022:
5013:
4983:
4918:
4718:
4673:
4664:
4581:
4506:
4338:
4220:
4211:
4068:
200:. He was professionally interested in the ancient
2767:"Another Opinion of 'The Verse of J.R.R. Tolkien'"
1504:, and magical incantations; of praise and lament (
1879: Hark! We have heard // of Oric the hunter,
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
1721:, elements which stand beside the main text, in
184:, and academic, best known as the author of the
147:for the book, placing the author in the role of
2531:"Tolkienian Linguistics: The First Fifty Years"
1881:Guthlach the great-thewed, // and other goodmen
1627:
344:a prose style incorporating archaisms and elegy
18:Non-narrative elements in The Lord of the Rings
3956:The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
2804:, book 3, ch. 6 "The King of the Golden Hall".
2096:J.R.R. Tolkien and the morality of monstrosity
1496:, and having a bath; narrating ancient myths,
1277:Philology strongly influenced his Middle-earth
661:, a facsimile artefact that Tolkien carefully
338:, who in turn was following antiquarians like
259:to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of
4021:
2862:
2860:
2858:
1717:Tolkien framed his narratives with a mass of
1466:, the part of England where Tolkien grew up.
8:
3231:"The Critical Response to Tolkien's Fiction"
2837:
2604:, book 6, ch. 1 "The Tower of Cirith Ungol".
2322:
2310:
2270:
279:Tolkien in the English antiquarian tradition
3456:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
2992:
2661:Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate
2258:
1611:They have passed like rain on the mountain,
1605: and the tall
125:for his writings, including the memoirs of
69:, other than narrative text. These include
6015:
5609:
5555:
5304:
5019:
4670:
4217:
4028:
4014:
4006:
2146:
1713:Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings
1081:
1027:with handwritten annotations, of parts of
892:for many of the characters and nations of
754:Antiquarian elements in Tolkien's writings
3004:
2677:
2585:
2443:
2412:
2246:
1925:
1854:The Hobbit § Illustration and design
1639:Deep roots are not reached by the frost.
1271:Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
1220:aspects of character derive from ancestry
3416:J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator
2941:
2689:
2680:, #306 to Michael Tolkien, October 1968.
2630:
2573:
2373:
2361:
2080:
1937:
1546:
1313:
1260:, but leaving him ultimately unsettled.
391:
6213:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game
3987:. Cormarë series. Vol. 4. Zurich:
3753:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
2980:
2965:
2953:
2926:
2849:
2825:
2801:
2789:
2749:
2737:
2618:
2601:
2513:
2470:
2455:
2428:
2400:
2385:
2006:"Epic trilogy tops favourite film poll"
1897:
1883:Following far, // fellowship vengeful,
1865:
1770:
1637:The old that is strong does not wither,
920:
795:, more or less "picturesque" maps, and
6125:The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game
4313:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
2911:
2813:
2489:
2349:
1913:
1669:to create a feeling that the world of
1508:). Some of these forms were found in
1165:begins to stir again in Middle-earth.
1023:Tolkien's design for a contour map on
825:to accompany his languages, including
351:'s description of fiction in his 1817
143:. All of these elements together form
3393:from the original on 31 December 2005
2501:
2334:
2177:
2065:
1768:of Middle-earth seem real and solid.
1734:paratexts contribute to constructing
1599:Where is the hand on the harp-string,
1236:'s ancestry analysed by geography of
230:was published in 1954–55; it won the
155:of Middle-earth seem real and solid.
7:
6220:The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game
3109:Campbell, Alice (2013) . "Maps". In
2642:
2093:Fawcett, Christina (February 2014).
2004:Cooper, Callista (5 December 2005).
331:literature grew out of the Gothic.
29:J. R. R. Tolkien's literary approach
5443:Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings
1603:Where is the spring and the harvest
1368:, and the song that drove away the
1334: Sam drew out the
1186:Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees
1077:interlaced threads of the narrative
137:, which supposedly survived as the
6206:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game
2103:(PhD thesis). pp. 9, 11, 47.
1787:, consisting of multiple elements,
1746:originally written by the hobbits
1635:Not all those who wander are lost;
1583:Where now the horse and the rider?
1392: The will of the
873:script, both of which he invented.
722:Reliques of Ancient English Poetry
25:
6238:Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game
6168:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith
3539:Nordic Journal of English Studies
1950:Seiler, Andy (16 December 2003).
1661:Proverbs in The Lord of the Rings
1631:All that is gold does not glitter
663:created in the style of a forgery
38:Tolkien intended to include many
4202:
2633:, book 2, ch. 1 "Many Meetings".
1976:Diver, Krysia (5 October 2004).
1773:
973:
958:
943:
928:
234:in 1957. The publication of the
5252:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
3636:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
3352:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
3243:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
3172:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
3078:Brooke-Rose, Christine (1981).
2033:O'Hehir, Andrew (4 June 2001).
1476:Poetry in The Lord of the Rings
1319:, emphasised) in the narrative
1190:Family trees contribute to the
371:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
359:willing suspension of disbelief
107:places Tolkien in the tradition
5937:The Battle for Middle-earth II
5698:Peter Jackson's interpretation
5200:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
4353:Ancestry as guide to character
3725:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon
3607:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
3174:: Revised and Expanded Edition
1928:, pp. 111, 200, 266, etc.
1744:a surviving ancient manuscript
1665:Tolkien uses many proverbs in
59:included many elements in his
1:
6132:The One Ring Roleplaying Game
4127:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
3144:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
1797:writes that Tolkien presents
1758:, supposedly survived as the
1154:Death of Elros Tar-Minyatur.
6021:The Lord of the Rings Online
3268:(2013) . "Family Trees". In
2880:(1). Project MUSE: 177–195.
1462:!" in the accent of ancient
1138:leaving their old cities in
273:Peter Jackson's film trilogy
5923:The Battle for Middle-earth
5830:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor
5259:The History of Middle-earth
4192:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
3666:Purdy, Margaret R. (1982).
3493:J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
3306:Kent State University Press
3116:J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
3024:Boswell, George W. (1969).
2229:Journal of Tolkien Research
2204:Journal of Tolkien Research
2117:Wise, Denis Wilson (2016).
1952:"'Rings' comes full circle"
1524:, who sing or recite them.
386:Journal of Tolkien Research
342:in the use of devices like
232:International Fantasy Award
176:(1892–1973) was an English
6287:
6245:Lego The Lord of the Rings
6139:Adventures in Middle-earth
5974:Lego The Lord of the Rings
5944:The Rise of the Witch-king
5881:The Fellowship of the Ring
5618:The Fellowship of the Ring
5294:The Nature of Middle-earth
5170:List of weapons and armour
4080:The Fellowship of the Ring
3860:The Fellowship of the Ring
3680:(1): 19–22, 36, Article 5.
3195:Crabbe, Katharyn (1988) .
3084:Cambridge University Press
1710:
1658:
1473:
1268:
1183:
992:
881:
814:
778:
282:
247:" survey conducted by the
162:
6118:Middle-earth Role Playing
5981:Guardians of Middle-earth
5612:
5303:
5273:The History of The Hobbit
4200:
4120:The Scouring of the Shire
4045:
3837:John Benjamins Publishing
3696:; Martsch, Nancy (eds.).
3692:. In Houghton, John Wm.;
3532:Kullmann, Thomas (2009).
2655:Kullmann, Thomas (2013).
2035:"The book of the century"
1983:The Sydney Morning Herald
1323:
1202:; they are variously for
3582:McGregor, Jamie (2013).
3515:Hriban, Catalin (2011).
3080:A Rhetoric of the Unreal
2838:Hammond & Scull 2005
2323:Hammond & Scull 2005
2311:Hammond & Scull 2005
2271:Hammond & Scull 1995
2222:Higgins, Andrew (2015).
1874:The Wrath of the Fathers
1336:elven-glass of Galadriel
1307:in inspiration. ... The
1305:fundamentally linguistic
923:Heraldry of Middle-earth
884:Heraldry of Middle-earth
753:
5874:Vol. II: The Two Towers
5591:The War of the Rohirrim
5392:Margrethe II of Denmark
4563:A mythology for England
3989:Walking Tree Publishers
3596:(1): 95–112, Article 7.
2259:MacLeod & Smol 2017
2197:Sherwood, Will (2020).
1699:his Christianity hidden
1458:shouts "Long Live King
1446:
1351:Gilthoniel, A Elbereth!
1146:and swell its numbers.
857:'s iconic inscription,
823:several writing systems
349:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
275:came out in 2001–2003.
271:increased further when
251:in the United Kingdom,
123:Tolkien's frame stories
5895:The Return of the King
5634:The Return of the King
5579:The Return of the King
5479:The Battle of Evermore
4463:Psychological journeys
4106:The Shadow of the Past
4094:The Return of the King
3985:Tolkien in Translation
3924:The Return of the King
1802:as a pseudotranslation
1756:the book's frame story
1729:. The Tolkien scholar
1642:
1577:Lament of the Rohirrim
1390:once again behind him.
1380:Aiya elenion ancalima!
1309:invention of languages
1261:
1049:
1046:The Return of the King
935:Dol Amroth, a port of
907:The Book of Lost Tales
874:
789:artefacts such as the
763:
670:
316:
216:, the language of the
53:
6271:The Lord of the Rings
5567:The Lord of the Rings
5531:The Lord of the Rings
5511:The Lord of the Rings
5499:The Lord of the Rings
5452:The Lord of the Rings
5365:A Map of Middle-earth
5266:The Children of Húrin
5224:The Road Goes Ever On
4368:Death and immortality
4318:The Road Goes Ever On
4295:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
4113:The Council of Elrond
4058:The Lord of the Rings
4038:The Lord of the Rings
3930:The Lord of the Rings
3898:The Lord of the Rings
3866:The Lord of the Rings
3567:10.1353/tks.2017.0009
3341:Groom, Nick (2020) .
2886:10.1353/tks.2018.0009
2553:10.1353/tks.2007.0022
2337:, pp. 19–22, 36.
2101:University of Glasgow
1848:The Lord of the Rings
1829:Christine Brooke-Rose
1800:The Lord of the Rings
1784:The Lord of the Rings
1761:Red Book of Westmarch
1723:The Lord of the Rings
1711:Further information:
1667:The Lord of the Rings
1647:The Lord of the Rings
1625:The Riddle of Strider
1482:The Lord of the Rings
1415:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
1315:Untranslated Elvish (
1281:constructed languages
1257:The Lord of the Rings
1228:
1200:The Lord of the Rings
1198:in the appendices to
1073:The Lord of the Rings
1064:The Lord of the Rings
1022:
912:The Lord of the Rings
848:
799:including the iconic
761:
710:The Lord of the Rings
701:Red Book of Westmarch
667:The Lord of the Rings
654:
296:
289:Red Book of Westmarch
283:Further information:
269:The Lord of the Rings
265:The Lord of the Rings
257:The Lord of the Rings
253:The Lord of the Rings
228:The Lord of the Rings
197:The Lord of the Rings
169:The Lord of the Rings
163:Further information:
140:Red Book of Westmarch
135:The Lord of the Rings
66:The Lord of the Rings
63:writings, especially
45:The Lord of the Rings
37:
5816:Journey to Rivendell
5523:Hordes of the Things
5287:The Fall of Gondolin
4975:Watcher in the Water
4943:Witch-king of Angmar
4140:List of translations
3839:. pp. 221–238.
3704:. pp. 133–152.
3694:Croft, Janet Brennan
3602:McIlwaine, Catherine
3488:Drout, Michael D. C.
3359:. pp. 286–302.
3282:. pp. 188–189.
3270:Drout, Michael D. C.
3250:. pp. 369–388.
3199:(Revised ed.).
3123:. pp. 405–408.
3111:Drout, Michael D. C.
2868:Croft, Janet Brennan
1978:"A lord for Germany"
1846:Literary devices in
1827:The literary critic
1754:, whose memoirs, in
1740:philological editors
1447:Wæs þú, Hróðgár, hál
1422:The Tolkien scholar
1012:Mordor, to scale on
658:The Book of Mazarbul
655:The first page from
354:Biographia Literaria
222:University of Oxford
212:. He specialised in
149:fictional translator
5837:War in Middle Earth
5783:The Hunt for Gollum
5337:The Last Ringbearer
4623:Narrative structure
4618:Impression of depth
4235:Company of the Ring
3814:North Landing Books
3806:Solopova, Elizabeth
3167:Carpenter, Humphrey
3139:Carpenter, Humphrey
3011:, 15 December 1965.
2852:, pp. 188–190.
2840:, pp. 151–152.
2740:, pp. 188–191.
2717:. pp. 80–105.
2621:, pp. 127–133.
2492:, pp. 188–189.
2446:, pp. 394–395.
2431:, pp. 126–133.
2376:, pp. 405–408.
2352:, pp. 198–211.
2261:, pp. 115–131.
2249:, pp. 348–349.
2180:, pp. 286–302.
2083:, pp. 221–238.
1940:, pp. 133–152.
1808:'s 1605 epic novel
1806:Miguel de Cervantes
1782:editorial frame of
1731:Janet Brennan Croft
1572:
1324:The Hobbits invoke
1320:
1192:impression of depth
1084:
1001:impression of depth
869:, using the Elvish
803:inscription on the
674:Catherine McIlwaine
397:
42:-style elements in
6080:War of Three Peaks
5757:The Rings of Power
5691:Hobbiton Movie Set
5655:Concerning Hobbits
5539:Der Herr der Ringe
5472:Misty Mountain Hop
5329:Bored of the Rings
5153:Phial of Galadriel
4483:Sound and language
4378:Dreams and visions
4348:Addiction to power
3786:(Third ed.).
3730:Palgrave Macmillan
3643:. pp. 65–78.
3500:. pp. 27–32.
3059:10.1353/tks.0.0079
3031:Studies in English
2763:Zimmer, Paul Edwin
2527:Hostetter, Carl F.
2516:, "A Secret Vice".
2364:, pp. 95–112.
2291:The Tolkien Estate
2068:, pp. 369–388
1736:an editorial frame
1691:Barliman Butterbur
1547:
1510:Old English poetry
1412:and hear the poem
1374:
1345:
1314:
1279:fantasy world. He
1262:
1102:Foundation of the
1082:
1062:The appendices to
1050:
888:Tolkien described
875:
764:
740:Gulliver's Travels
671:
392:
317:
312:Gulliver's Travels
202:Germanic languages
145:an editorial frame
54:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6181:Lord of the Rings
6103:
6102:
6094:Before the Shadow
6038:Siege of Mirkwood
5801:
5800:
5720:
5719:
5704:Picturing Tolkien
5422:Lord of the Rings
5375:Barbara Remington
5280:Beren and Lúthien
5231:Bilbo's Last Song
5178:
5177:
5009:
5008:
4660:
4659:
4611:Pseudotranslation
4601:Editorial framing
4596:Character pairing
4443:Naming of weapons
3998:978-3-9521424-6-2
3991:. pp. 1–30.
3961:Allen & Unwin
3951:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3919:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3887:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3855:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3846:978-90-272-6546-3
3822:978-0-9816607-1-4
3812:. New York City:
3797:978-0-261-10275-0
3739:978-0-230-59998-7
3711:978-0-7864-7438-7
3686:Rateliff, John D.
3507:978-0-415-86511-1
3470:978-0-00-720907-1
3447:Hammond, Wayne G.
3407:Hammond, Wayne G.
3333:978-0-7112-4127-5
3324:Quarto Publishing
3289:978-0-415-86511-1
3257:978-1-11965-602-9
3210:978-0-8044-2106-5
3187:978-0-35-865298-4
3158:978-0-04-928037-3
3130:978-0-415-86511-1
3093:978-0-5212-2561-8
2983:, pp. 15–17.
2968:, pp. 14–15.
2956:, pp. 18–21.
2944:, pp. 46–47.
2828:, pp. 60–65.
2816:, pp. 98–99.
2752:, pp. 96–97.
2724:978-0-7653-0207-6
2709:(1991). "Faith".
2576:, pp. 75–76.
2287:"Writing Systems"
2149:, pp. 65–78.
1916:, pp. 27–32.
1707:Editorial framing
1697:; while he keeps
1617:
1616:
1402:
1401:
1177:
1176:
1069:Ages of the world
965:The evil city of
821:Tolkien invented
817:Tolkien's scripts
781:Tolkien's artwork
725:contained songs,
649:
648:
551:Thomas Chatterton
376:Thomas Chatterton
16:(Redirected from
6278:
6087:Fate of Gundabad
6045:Rise of Isengard
6016:
5988:Shadow of Mordor
5967:War in the North
5915:Game Boy Advance
5610:
5556:
5314:derivative works
5305:
5245:Unfinished Tales
5238:The Silmarillion
5020:
4671:
4448:Northern courage
4393:Environmentalism
4373:Decline and fall
4308:Song of Eärendil
4218:
4206:
4051:J. R. R. Tolkien
4030:
4023:
4016:
4007:
4002:
3981:Honegger, Thomas
3972:
3946:
3935:Houghton Mifflin
3914:
3903:Houghton Mifflin
3882:
3871:Houghton Mifflin
3850:
3825:
3801:
3771:
3743:
3715:
3681:
3662:
3625:
3612:Bodleian Library
3597:
3578:
3547:
3528:
3511:
3482:
3451:Scull, Christina
3442:
3411:Scull, Christina
3402:
3400:
3398:
3378:
3337:
3309:
3293:
3261:
3235:
3222:
3191:
3162:
3149:Ballantine Books
3134:
3105:
3074:
3039:
3012:
3002:
2996:
2993:Brooke-Rose 1981
2990:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2930:
2924:
2915:
2914:, pp. 1–34.
2909:
2898:
2897:
2864:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2590:Houghton Mifflin
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2419:, 25 April 1954.
2415:, letter 144 to
2410:
2404:
2398:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2181:
2175:
2150:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2043:. Archived from
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1886:
1870:
1777:
1655:
1573:
1564:
1532:; the poetry of
1450:("Be thou well,
1449:
1385:
1377:
1356:
1348:
1321:
1301:Houghton Mifflin
1289:Elvish languages
1085:
977:
962:
953:, an enemy state
947:
932:
890:heraldic devices
792:Book of Mazarbul
770:Graphic elements
731:William Stukeley
706:supposedly found
692:Book of Mazarbul
684:
679:Book of Mazarbul
614:J. R. R. Tolkien
489:William Stukeley
398:
340:James Macpherson
174:J. R. R. Tolkien
165:J. R. R. Tolkien
119:found manuscript
77:, chronologies,
57:J. R. R. Tolkien
21:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6250:
6225:
6193:
6188:War of the Ring
6163:War of the Ring
6144:
6109:
6099:
6052:Riders of Rohan
6014:
6009:Return to Moria
5960:Aragorn's Quest
5902:War of the Ring
5860:Riders of Rohan
5797:
5770:
5733:Sagan om ringen
5716:
5711:Tolkien on Film
5674:
5640:
5604:
5597:
5545:
5486:
5450:Symphony No. 1
5428:
5401:
5351:
5316:
5299:
5184:
5174:
5131:
5122:Pelennor Fields
5105:
5005:
4979:
4914:
4721:
4714:
4656:
4577:
4538:First World War
4533:Classical world
4502:
4334:
4207:
4198:
4064:
4063:
4041:
4034:
3999:
3975:
3949:
3917:
3885:
3853:
3847:
3828:
3804:
3798:
3776:
3768:
3746:
3740:
3720:Rosebury, Brian
3718:
3712:
3684:
3665:
3651:
3641:Wiley Blackwell
3628:
3622:
3614:. p. 384.
3600:
3581:
3554:Tolkien Studies
3550:
3531:
3514:
3508:
3485:
3471:
3445:
3431:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3389:. Alaric Hall.
3381:
3367:
3357:Wiley Blackwell
3340:
3334:
3312:
3298:Flieger, Verlyn
3296:
3290:
3264:
3258:
3248:Wiley Blackwell
3233:
3225:
3211:
3194:
3188:
3169:, ed. (2023) .
3165:
3159:
3137:
3131:
3108:
3094:
3077:
3046:Tolkien Studies
3042:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2901:
2873:Tolkien Studies
2866:
2865:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2779:(2). Article 2.
2761:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2707:Anderson, Karen
2701:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2592:, 30 June 1955.
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2536:Tolkien Studies
2525:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2477:
2469:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2417:Naomi Mitchison
2411:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2325:, p. liii.
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2284:Smith, Arden R.
2282:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2236:(1). article 2.
2221:
2220:
2216:
2211:(1). Article 4.
2196:
2195:
2184:
2176:
2153:
2147:Phelpstead 2022
2145:
2136:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2047:on 10 June 2001
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1842:
1790:
1788:
1778:
1766:secondary world
1715:
1709:
1663:
1657:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1562:
1538:Riders of Rohan
1490:marching to war
1478:
1472:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1273:
1267:
1188:
1182:
1060:
1055:
1053:Verbal elements
997:
991:
984:
982:riders of Rohan
978:
969:
963:
954:
948:
939:
933:
886:
880:
819:
813:
783:
777:
772:
756:
696:the frame story
688:literary forger
682:
368:Nick Groom, in
291:
281:
171:
161:
153:secondary world
133:in the case of
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6284:
6282:
6274:
6273:
6263:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6113:
6111:
6108:Tabletop role-
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6031:Mines of Moria
6026:
6024:
6013:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5888:The Two Towers
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5787:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5753:
5745:
5737:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5630:
5626:The Two Towers
5622:
5613:
5607:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5587:
5575:
5562:
5560:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5507:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5456:
5447:
5438:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5418:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5370:Pauline Baynes
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5341:
5333:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5308:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5196:
5188:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5158:Rings of Power
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5028:
5026:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:Old Man Willow
4947:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4726:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4553:Modern sources
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4516:Antiquarianism
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4428:Mental illness
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4323:A Walking Song
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4187:Works inspired
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4087:The Two Towers
4083:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3997:
3973:
3947:
3915:
3892:The Two Towers
3883:
3851:
3845:
3826:
3802:
3796:
3774:
3772:
3767:978-0261104013
3766:
3744:
3738:
3716:
3710:
3682:
3663:
3650:978-1119656029
3649:
3631:Lee, Stuart D.
3626:
3621:978-1851244850
3620:
3598:
3579:
3561:(1): 115–131.
3548:
3529:
3512:
3506:
3483:
3469:
3443:
3429:
3403:
3379:
3366:978-1119656029
3365:
3347:Lee, Stuart D.
3338:
3332:
3310:
3294:
3288:
3262:
3256:
3238:Lee, Stuart D.
3227:Curry, Patrick
3223:
3209:
3197:J.R.R. Tolkien
3192:
3186:
3178:Harper Collins
3163:
3157:
3135:
3129:
3106:
3092:
3075:
3040:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3005:Carpenter 2023
2997:
2995:, p. 247.
2985:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2931:
2916:
2899:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2792:, p. 202.
2782:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2723:
2711:After the King
2703:Anderson, Poul
2694:
2692:, p. 118.
2682:
2678:Carpenter 2023
2670:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2606:
2594:
2586:Carpenter 2023
2578:
2566:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2475:
2460:
2448:
2444:McIlwaine 2018
2433:
2421:
2413:Carpenter 2023
2405:
2403:, p. 115.
2390:
2388:, p. 118.
2378:
2366:
2354:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2275:
2273:, p. 190.
2263:
2251:
2247:McIlwaine 2018
2239:
2214:
2182:
2151:
2134:
2109:
2085:
2070:
2058:
2025:
1996:
1968:
1942:
1930:
1926:Carpenter 1977
1918:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1838:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1772:
1708:
1705:
1659:Main article:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1580:
1579:
1480:The poetry in
1474:Main article:
1471:
1468:
1418:sung in full:
1400:
1399:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1269:Main article:
1266:
1263:
1184:Main article:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1003:and realistic
995:Tolkien's maps
993:Main article:
990:
987:
986:
985:
979:
972:
970:
964:
957:
955:
949:
942:
940:
934:
927:
925:
882:Main article:
879:
876:
815:Main article:
812:
809:
779:Main article:
776:
773:
771:
768:
755:
752:
735:Jonathan Swift
708:and edited as
704:which Tolkien
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
590:
587:
581:
580:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
496:
494:
491:
485:
484:
482:
480:
477:
475:
473:
470:
468:
466:
464:
461:
459:Jonathan Swift
455:
454:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
402:
395:antiquarianism
381:Jonathan Swift
357:as prompting "
336:William Morris
325:antiquarianism
299:Jonathan Swift
280:
277:
180:writer, poet,
178:Roman Catholic
160:
157:
111:antiquarianism
50:Doors of Durin
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6283:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:playing games
6106:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5995:Shadow of War
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5909:The Third Age
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5662:Into the West
5659:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:Peter Jackson
5600:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5357:Illustrations
5354:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5181:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Frame stories
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Moral dilemma
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Luck and fate
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4059:
4056:Constructing
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:Turner, Allan
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3788:HarperCollins
3785:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3758:HarperCollins
3755:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3461:HarperCollins
3458:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3430:0-261-10322-9
3426:
3422:
3421:HarperCollins
3418:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3266:Fisher, Jason
3263:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:Kullmann 2009
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:Rosebury 2003
2686:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2667:(2): 283–309.
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:Tolkien 1954a
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2574:Solopova 2009
2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2504:, p. 20.
2503:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2473:, Appendix B.
2472:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2458:, Appendix A.
2457:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:Campbell 2013
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:McGregor 2013
2358:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:, p. li.
2312:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:Sundmark 2017
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:Rateliff 2014
1934:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:vera historia
1830:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1752:Frodo Baggins
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1619:
1608:
1594:
1590:
1587:Where is the
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Bilbo Baggins
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1372:in the trees.
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:A Secret Vice
1282:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1005:worldbuilding
1002:
996:
988:
983:
976:
971:
968:
961:
956:
952:
946:
941:
938:
931:
926:
924:
921:
919:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
885:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:to write the
852:
847:
843:
840:
839:his publisher
836:
832:
828:
824:
818:
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
782:
774:
769:
767:
760:
751:
749:
746:
745:William Blake
742:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:
719:, whose 1765
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
689:
681:
680:
675:
668:
664:
660:
659:
653:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
591:
588:
586:
585:William Blake
583:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
474:
471:
469:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
388:
387:
382:
377:
373:
372:
366:
364:
363:media studies
360:
356:
355:
350:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
314:
313:
308:
304:
301:, who showed
300:
295:
290:
286:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:
193:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:Frodo Baggins
128:
124:
120:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
51:
47:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6243:
6236:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6186:
6179:
6157:Middle Earth
6155:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6073:Minas Morgul
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6019:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5973:
5966:
5959:
5952:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5843:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5791:Born of Hope
5789:
5781:
5755:
5747:
5739:
5731:
5709:
5702:
5632:
5624:
5616:
5589:
5577:
5565:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5509:
5497:
5459:Led Zeppelin
5451:
5441:
5420:
5412:
5345:Muddle Earth
5343:
5335:
5327:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5216:The Sea-Bell
5211:Fastitocalon
5198:
5191:
5001:Tom Bombadil
4928:Barrow-wight
4633:Storytelling
4521:
4515:
4363:Christianity
4358:Architecture
4300:
4293:
4255:Black Speech
4240:Family trees
4221:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4057:
4036:
3984:
3954:
3928:
3922:
3896:
3890:
3864:
3858:
3831:
3809:
3782:
3778:Shippey, Tom
3751:
3748:Shippey, Tom
3724:
3697:
3677:
3671:
3634:
3605:
3593:
3587:
3558:
3552:
3543:
3537:
3524:
3521:Hither Shore
3520:
3491:
3454:
3414:
3395:. Retrieved
3383:Hall, Alaric
3350:
3318:
3301:
3273:
3241:
3196:
3176:. New York:
3170:
3147:. New York:
3142:
3114:
3079:
3071:Project Muse
3069:– via
3050:
3044:
3038:. Article 6.
3035:
3029:
3009:Rayner Unwin
3000:
2988:
2981:Turner 2011a
2966:Turner 2011a
2961:
2954:Turner 2011a
2949:
2927:Flieger 2005
2877:
2871:
2850:Shippey 2005
2845:
2833:
2826:Boswell 1969
2821:
2809:
2802:Tolkien 1954
2797:
2790:Shippey 2005
2785:
2776:
2770:
2757:
2750:Shippey 2001
2745:
2738:Shippey 2001
2733:
2710:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2619:Shippey 2001
2602:Tolkien 1955
2597:
2581:
2569:
2545:Project MUSE
2540:
2534:
2521:
2514:Tolkien 1983
2509:
2497:
2471:Tolkien 1955
2456:Tolkien 1955
2451:
2429:Shippey 2005
2424:
2408:
2401:Shippey 2005
2386:Shippey 2005
2381:
2369:
2357:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2128:
2122:
2112:
2104:
2095:
2088:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2038:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1847:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1816:Walter Scott
1809:
1799:
1795:Allan Turner
1793:
1783:
1759:
1726:
1725:and some in
1722:
1716:
1703:
1671:Middle-earth
1666:
1664:
1645:
1643:
1629:
1576:
1566:
1559:The Wanderer
1557:
1530:Tom Bombadil
1526:
1481:
1479:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1413:
1408:'s house at
1403:
1379:
1378:
1350:
1349:
1333:
1304:
1274:
1255:
1245:
1199:
1196:family trees
1189:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1058:Chronologies
1044:
1010:
998:
967:Minas Morgul
911:
905:
894:Middle-earth
887:
863:Black Speech
820:
801:Black Speech
790:
784:
765:
750:
738:
720:
717:Thomas Percy
714:
709:
699:
691:
677:
672:
666:
656:
521:Thomas Percy
384:
369:
367:
352:
333:
329:neo-medieval
321:Middle-earth
318:
310:
309:in his 1726
268:
264:
256:
252:
227:
226:
218:Anglo-Saxons
204:, including
195:
189:
186:high fantasy
172:
138:
134:
115:
79:family trees
64:
61:Middle-earth
55:
43:
31:
26:
6230:Other games
6149:Board games
6059:Helm's Deep
5807:Video games
5584:Rankin/Bass
5534:(BBC, 1981)
5414:Fellowship!
5397:Ted Nasmith
5310:Adaptations
5117:Helm's Deep
4640:Prose style
4628:Interlacing
4591:Anachronism
4573:Shakespeare
4180:Tolkienmoot
4170:Fan fiction
4135:Translating
3546:(2): 37–56.
3314:Garth, John
3053:(1): 1–34.
2912:Brljak 2010
2814:Crabbe 1988
2490:Fisher 2013
2350:Hriban 2011
2131:(3): 72–73.
1914:Holmes 2013
1811:Don Quixote
1556:, based on
1432:Old English
1424:Tom Shippey
1370:Black Rider
1180:Genealogies
1104:Grey Havens
1025:graph paper
1014:graph paper
851:calligraphy
797:calligraphy
727:paratextual
433:Genealogies
428:Manuscripts
413:Calligraphy
285:Antiquarian
263:customers,
214:Old English
182:philologist
109:of English
75:calligraphy
40:antiquarian
6198:Card games
5741:Khraniteli
5686:Production
5193:The Hobbit
5074:Lothlórien
5040:Old Forest
4906:Wormtongue
4762:Half-elven
4757:Glorfindel
4583:Techniques
4508:Influences
4151:Reception
3959:. London:
3933:. Boston:
3911:1042159111
3901:. Boston:
3869:. Boston:
3659:1183854105
3527:: 198–211.
3419:. London:
3397:7 February
3375:1183854105
3007:, #281 to
2588:, #165 to
2502:Garth 2020
2335:Purdy 1982
2296:28 October
2178:Groom 2020
2066:Curry 2020
1893:References
1727:The Hobbit
1695:providence
1548:Tolkien's
1518:Sam Gamgee
1502:prophecies
1291:including
1247:The Hobbit
1093:Second Age
261:Amazon.com
240:Ballantine
191:The Hobbit
5669:May It Be
5465:Ramble On
5382:John Howe
5148:Palantírs
5050:The Shire
5045:Rivendell
5024:Geography
4996:Goldberry
4840:Beornings
4796:Treebeard
4784:Thranduil
4752:Galadriel
4650:Epic Pooh
4645:Ambiguity
4568:Philology
4558:Modernism
4478:Sexuality
4250:Languages
3969:417591085
3943:519647821
3857:(1954a).
3780:(2005) .
3702:McFarland
3575:171923300
3498:Routledge
3280:Routledge
3229:(2020) .
3121:Routledge
3067:1547-3163
2894:1547-3163
2715:Tor Books
2643:Hall 2005
2561:170601512
2040:Salon.com
1956:USA Today
1719:paratexts
1534:the Shire
1486:wandering
1454:!") i.e.
1436:dialectal
1410:Rivendell
1366:the Shire
1265:Languages
1252:the quest
1238:the Shire
1140:Ered Luin
1106:, and of
1039:with the
787:facsimile
618:1892–1973
589:1757–1827
555:1752–1770
525:1729–1811
493:1687–1765
463:1667–1745
443:Paratexts
438:Languages
236:Ace Books
210:Old Norse
87:languages
6265:Category
5953:Conquest
5823:Game One
5775:Fan-made
5679:Approach
5559:Animated
5481:" (1971)
5474:" (1971)
5467:" (1969)
5387:Alan Lee
5206:Errantry
5163:One Ring
5127:Morannon
5099:Isengard
5079:Mirkwood
5031:Eriador
4920:Monsters
4873:Denethor
4850:Dúnedain
4845:Drúedain
4703:Radagast
4548:Medieval
4453:Paganism
4330:Proverbs
4270:Sindarin
4245:Heraldry
4222:Elements
4213:Analysis
4175:Oxonmoot
4160:Literary
4101:Stories
4075:Volumes
3953:(1983).
3921:(1955).
3889:(1954).
3808:(2009).
3750:(2001).
3722:(2003).
3688:(2014).
3673:Mythlore
3604:(2018).
3589:Mythlore
3479:60667786
3453:(2005).
3439:34533659
3413:(1995).
3391:Archived
3385:(2005).
3316:(2020).
3300:(2005).
3201:F. Ungar
3141:(1977).
2772:Mythlore
2765:(1993).
2547:: 1–46.
2529:(2007).
2051:7 August
2018:5 August
2011:ABC News
1989:7 August
1961:5 August
1840:See also
1620:Proverbs
1609:growing?
1591:and the
1571:passage
1568:ubi sunt
1552:song of
1494:drinking
1452:Hrothgar
1438:form of
1394:Watchers
1326:Elbereth
1297:Sindarin
1041:One Ring
902:Gondolin
878:Heraldry
855:One Ring
805:One Ring
418:Heraldry
303:Lilliput
245:Big Read
99:proverbs
83:heraldry
5930:Tactics
5867:Elendor
5760:(2022)
5749:Hobitit
5586:, 1980)
5574:, 1978)
5518:, 1979)
5506:, 1955)
5406:Theatre
5183:Related
5143:Mithril
5136:Objects
5110:Battles
5055:Bag End
4901:Théoden
4878:Faramir
4868:Boromir
4855:Aragorn
4803:Hobbits
4779:Legolas
4730:Dwarves
4722:peoples
4708:Saruman
4698:Gandalf
4693:Wizards
4683:Balrogs
4666:Peoples
4522:Beowulf
4413:Heroism
4403:Forests
4388:England
4383:Economy
4302:Namárië
4277:Khuzdul
4230:Artwork
4145:Swedish
3983:(ed.).
3879:9552942
3633:(ed.).
3490:(ed.).
3349:(ed.).
3272:(ed.).
3240:(ed.).
3219:7279806
3113:(ed.).
3102:7197513
3018:Sources
2099:(PhD).
1821:Ivanhoe
1687:Dwarves
1675:Hobbits
1652:Strider
1593:hauberk
1550:elegiac
1522:Aragorn
1498:riddles
1460:Theoden
1441:Beowulf
1338:again.
1232:'s and
1212:Hobbits
1208:Dwarves
1136:Dwarves
1124:Númenor
1037:Hobbits
916:Aragorn
871:Tengwar
861:in the
837:. When
835:Tengwar
811:Scripts
775:Artwork
408:Artwork
307:Sumatra
159:Context
103:scripts
71:artwork
6173:Sauron
6066:Mordor
6002:Gollum
5854:(SNES)
5852:Vol. I
5846:(1990)
5844:Vol. I
5794:(2009)
5786:(2009)
5752:(1993)
5744:(1991)
5736:(1971)
5637:(2003)
5629:(2002)
5621:(2001)
5605:series
5594:(2024)
5572:Bakshi
5542:(1992)
5526:(1980)
5455:(1988)
5446:(1972)
5425:(2006)
5417:(2005)
5348:(2003)
5340:(1999)
5332:(1969)
5089:Mordor
5064:Gondor
4991:Eagles
4965:Trolls
4960:Shelob
4938:Nazgûl
4933:Gollum
4863:Gondor
4823:Pippin
4772:Elrond
4688:Sauron
4528:Celtic
4468:Quests
4458:Plants
4340:Themes
4289:Poetry
4265:Quenya
4260:Elvish
4165:Fandom
4155:Impact
3995:
3967:
3941:
3909:
3877:
3843:
3820:
3794:
3764:
3736:
3708:
3657:
3647:
3618:
3573:
3504:
3477:
3467:
3437:
3427:
3373:
3363:
3330:
3286:
3254:
3217:
3207:
3184:
3155:
3127:
3100:
3090:
3065:
2892:
2721:
2559:
2124:Fafnir
2013:Online
1685:, and
1650:1:10 "
1542:metres
1520:, and
1470:Poetry
1464:Mercia
1406:Elrond
1386:cried
1317:Quenya
1293:Quenya
1242:Hobbit
1214:, and
1163:Sauron
1159:c. 500
1142:go to
1122:reach
1108:Lindon
1033:Mordor
1029:Gondor
937:Gondor
898:blazon
867:Mordor
859:a poem
833:, and
831:Sarati
401:Author
206:Gothic
188:works
95:poetry
5764:music
5725:Other
5646:Music
5491:Radio
5434:Music
5321:Books
5185:works
5094:Rohan
5084:Moria
5069:Harad
5015:World
4984:Other
4970:Wargs
4896:Éowyn
4891:Éomer
4886:Rohan
4818:Merry
4813:Frodo
4808:Bilbo
4767:Arwen
4747:Elves
4740:Gimli
4735:Balin
4675:Maiar
4543:Norse
4498:Women
4493:Trees
4438:Music
4423:Magic
4069:About
3571:S2CID
3345:. In
3236:. In
3234:(PDF)
2557:S2CID
1860:Notes
1748:Bilbo
1683:Elves
1563:'
1554:Rohan
1506:elegy
1456:Éomer
1388:Frodo
1384:'
1376:'
1362:Elves
1355:'
1347:'
1343:pass.
1340:As if
1234:Frodo
1230:Bilbo
1204:Elves
1144:Moria
1134:Many
1131:c. 40
1120:Edain
951:Harad
827:Cirth
683:'
452:poems
448:Songs
404:Dates
305:near
127:Bilbo
5551:Film
5312:and
5035:Bree
4955:Orcs
4791:Ents
4720:Free
4488:Time
4473:Race
4408:Hell
4398:Evil
4284:Maps
3993:ISBN
3965:OCLC
3939:OCLC
3907:OCLC
3875:OCLC
3841:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3792:ISBN
3762:ISBN
3734:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3655:OCLC
3645:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3502:ISBN
3475:OCLC
3465:ISBN
3435:OCLC
3425:ISBN
3399:2021
3371:OCLC
3361:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3284:ISBN
3252:ISBN
3215:OCLC
3205:ISBN
3182:ISBN
3153:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3098:OCLC
3088:ISBN
3063:ISSN
2890:ISSN
2719:ISBN
2298:2022
2053:2020
2020:2020
1991:2020
1963:2020
1780:The
1750:and
1607:corn
1589:helm
1295:and
1240:and
1173:...
1118:The
1091:The
1088:Year
1067:two
1031:and
989:Maps
980:The
645:yes
545:yes
515:yes
423:Maps
287:and
238:and
208:and
194:and
167:and
129:and
91:maps
5516:NPR
5504:BBC
4884:of
4861:of
4835:Men
4828:Sam
3563:doi
3055:doi
2882:doi
2549:doi
1742:of
1679:Men
1364:in
1358:Sam
1254:of
1216:Men
1170:548
1151:442
904:in
865:of
642:yes
639:yes
636:yes
633:yes
630:yes
627:yes
624:yes
621:yes
592:yes
575:yes
570:yes
567:yes
564:yes
561:yes
558:yes
542:yes
512:yes
507:yes
502:yes
479:yes
472:yes
249:BBC
113:.
97:,
6267::
3963:.
3937:.
3927:.
3905:.
3895:.
3873:.
3863:.
3835:.
3816:.
3790:.
3760:.
3756:.
3732:.
3728:.
3700:.
3676:.
3670:.
3653:.
3639:.
3610:.
3594:32
3592:.
3586:.
3569:.
3559:14
3557:.
3542:.
3536:.
3523:.
3519:.
3496:.
3473:.
3463:.
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3433:.
3423:.
3409:;
3369:.
3355:.
3326:.
3322:.
3304:.
3278:.
3246:.
3213:.
3203:.
3180:.
3151:.
3119:.
3096:.
3086:.
3082:.
3061:.
3049:.
3036:10
3034:.
3028:.
2973:^
2934:^
2919:^
2902:^
2888:.
2878:15
2876:.
2857:^
2777:19
2775:.
2769:.
2713:.
2705:;
2665:23
2663:.
2659:.
2609:^
2555:.
2543:.
2539:.
2533:.
2478:^
2463:^
2436:^
2393:^
2342:^
2289:.
2232:.
2226:.
2209:11
2207:.
2201:.
2185:^
2154:^
2137:^
2127:.
2121:.
2073:^
2037:.
2008:.
1980:.
1954:.
1900:^
1824:.
1681:,
1677:,
1565:s
1516:,
1500:,
1492:,
1488:,
1443:'s
1222:.
1210:,
1206:,
1126:.
1115:32
1110:.
829:,
712:.
365:.
101:,
93:,
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5671:"
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5664:"
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5657:"
5653:"
5582:(
5570:(
5514:(
5502:(
5477:"
5470:"
5463:"
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4118:"
4115:"
4111:"
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2727:.
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2541:4
2300:.
2234:2
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1965:.
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450:/
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