2602:
partisanship or prevent
Confederates from holding on to and exploiting old political prejudices. Indeed, some states, notably Georgia and North Carolina, remained political tinderboxes throughout the war. Even the most bitter foes of the Confederate government, however, refused to form an opposition party, and the Georgia dissidents, to cite the most prominent example, avoided many traditional political activities. Only in North Carolina did there develop anything resembling a party system, and there the central values of the Confederacy's two political cultures had a far more powerful influence on political debate than did organizational maneuvering."
2615:(1996) p.112–113. Potter wrote in his contribution to this book, "Where parties do not exist, criticism of the administration is likely to remain purely an individual matter; therefore the tone of the criticism is likely to be negative, carping, and petty, as it certainly was in the Confederacy. But where there are parties, the opposition group is strongly impelled to formulate real alternative policies and to press for the adoption of these policies on a constructive basis. ... But the absence of a two-party system meant the absence of any available alternative leadership, and the protest votes which were cast in the
1847:
alternative sets of national leaders, electoral protests tended to be narrowly state-based, "negative, carping and petty". The 1863 mid-term elections became mere expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction. According to historian David M. Potter, this lack of a functioning two-party system caused "real and direct damage" to the
Confederate war effort, since it prevented the formulation of any effective alternatives to the conduct of the war by the
1761:
issues. Despite being nonpartisan, legislators typically have consistent and identifiable voting patterns. Decisions to investigate and enforce ethics violations by government officials are generally done on the basis of evidence instead of party affiliation. Committee chairs and other leaders within the legislature are often chosen for seniority and expertise, unlike the leaders in a partisan legislature who are often chosen because of loyalty to a party.
145:
1538:
798:
2255:, also called a "jungle primary", for state and local offices. In this system, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation during the primary, and then the two most popular candidates run against each other even if they are members of the same party. This form of runoff election weakens political parties and transforms a partisan election into a partly nonpartisan election.
43:
1866:. There were no organized political parties, but elective offices were exempted from military duty. Virtually every position was contested with as many as twenty candidates for each office. The absence of political parties made individual roll call voting all the more important, as the Confederate "freedom of roll-call voting unprecedented in American legislative history.
2470:) is the fifth largest government in the country, governing a population of more than 2.7 million. It consists of a nonpartisan, directly elected council. The public may have a general idea of the candidates' political affiliations, but their parties have no official recognition or privilege in the functioning of City Council.
1738:
While nonpartisan democracies can allow for a wide selection of candidates (especially within a no-nomination system whereby voters can choose any non-restricted person in their area), such systems are compatible with indirect elections (such as for large geographical areas), whereby delegates may be
1723:
In nonpartisan elections, each candidate for office is eligible based on his or her own merits rather than as a member of a political party. No political affiliation (if one exists) is shown on the ballot next to a candidate. Generally, the winner is chosen from a runoff election where the candidates
1846:
had no political parties during its entire existence from 1861 to 1865. Despite political differences within the
Confederacy, no national political parties were formed because they were seen as illegitimate. "Anti-partyism became an article of political faith." Without a two-party system building
1815:
defined a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." As political
1747:
Even if a government's executive officer or legislature is partisan, appointments of cabinet members, judges, or directors of government agencies, may be nonpartisan. The intent of appointing government officials in a nonpartisan manner is to insure the officers can perform their duties free from
1760:
In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature; even if there are caucuses for specific issues. Alliances and causes with a nonpartisan body are often temporary and fluid since legislators who oppose each other on some issues may agree on other
2208:
at any level of government. The expectation was that citizens would vote according to the merit of the candidate, but in practice, party allegiance played an important role. Beginning in 1974, the name of the candidate's political party was shown on the ballot. In elections for the
Legislative
2498:
selects its Board of
Trustees using a nonpartisan system that dates back to 1911. Candidates for office are privately interviewed by a diversely composed committee and then nominated for office. New York State law mandates that these nominees must be democratically elected, however, nominated
2601:
Cooper (2000) p. 462. Rable (1994) pp. 2–3. Rable wrote, "But despite heated arguments and no little friction between the competing political cultures of unity and liberty, antiparty and broader fears about politics in general shaped civic life. These beliefs could obviously not eliminate
1735:, and are also common in the election of judges. In some nonpartisan elections it is common knowledge which candidates are members of and backed by which parties; in others, parties are almost wholly uninvolved and voters make choices with little or no regard to partisan considerations.
2519:
or village) are nonpartisan. The certificates of candidacies, which the candidates sign under oath, say that they are not a member of any political party. The nonpartisanism of barangay elections have been challenged lately, though, as some candidates are members of political parties.
1974:
when they came in second place. Four years later, they lost that position and their rural supporters began to move to the
Liberal Party and CCF. Eventually the Progressive Party of Canada and the United Farmers movement faded into obscurity, with most of their members joining the
2003:
Very few national governments are completely nonpartisan, but nonpartisan political systems at the national level are not unheard of, especially in states with small populations. Many national governments have nonpartisan offices even if their legislative branches are partisan.
2641:
Coulter, "The
Confederate States of America" p. 317-318. Some scholars such as Martis interpret this as robust democratic society in wartime. Coulter attributes the widely newfound enthusiasm for political careers as a means to "get out of the army or keep from getting into
2530:(SK, youth councils) chairmen in a municipality or city elect among themselves their representative to the local legislature. In deadlocked or hung legislatures, votes from the nominally nonpartisan representatives of barangay captains and SK chairmen hold the
1693:
as a key institution of government, forces citizens to agree to a partisan ideology, and may enforce its control over the government by making all other parties illegal. Members of a nonpartisan government may represent many different ideologies. Various
2104:(al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) is the UAE's parliamentary body and consists of 40 members, representing the Emirates, half appointed by the rulers of the constituent states and the other half elected to serve two-year terms, with only advisory tasks.
2457:
Unique among democratic nations with partisan elections at the federal level, almost all
Canadian cities and counties (and similar levels of supralocal government) have governments elected on a nonpartisan basis. The municipal government of the City of
2317:
1613:
are chosen in partisan elections. Such heads of state are expected to remain neutral with regards to partisan politics. In a number of parliamentary or semi-presidential countries, some presidents are non-partisan, or receive cross-party support.
1709:
A direct democracy can be considered nonpartisan since citizens vote on laws themselves rather than electing representatives. Direct democracy can be partisan, however, if factions are given rights or prerogatives that non-members do not have.
1661:; the legislatures in these governments typically have advisory capacity only, as they may comment on laws proposed by the executive branch but are unable to create laws themselves. De jure nonpartisan national governments sometimes resemble
2431:
have nonpartisan legislatures. The populace votes for individuals to represent it in the territorial assembly without reference to political parties. After the election, the assembly selects one of its number to form a government and act as
1688:
in a one-party system identifies itself as a party, where membership might provide benefits not available to non-members. A single-party government often requires government officials to be members of the party, features a complex party
2072:
nonpartisan because while no law forbids the formation of political parties, the populations are small enough that they are considered impractical. Political allegiances depend mainly on family and island-related factors.
2196:
in 1986, whereby political parties were restricted by a constitutional referendum endorsed by the people of the country (this system did not have all of the features described above). During a subsequent
1893:, Members of Parliament were not organised into any formal political parties. Prime Ministers made individual agreements with Members of Parliament in order to form and maintain government, lest MP's '
2885:
2035:, political parties have never played an important role. There is, at present, no political party, and candidates to elections therefore run as independents. The only party ever to have existed, the
2364:
polled 17.3% of the vote and only 2 seats. The vast majority of seats at every election are won by independent candidates with no allegiance to any parties. However, several parties such as the
1672:, factions within nonpartisan governments may evolve into political parties. The United States initially did not have enfranchised political parties, but these evolved soon after independence.
2209:
Council of Hong Kong, political affiliation was not shown on ballots until 2004. For elections for the eighteen districts in the dependency, political affiliation was not shown until 2007.
2137:
reserved 120 out of its 200 seats for independent politicians in multiple-member districts. The other 80 were elected through a party list system of proportional representation.
1816:
parties had interests which were adverse to the rights of citizens and to the general welfare of the nation, several
Founding Fathers preferred a nonpartisan form of government.
1839:, when the Federalist party collapsed (leaving the Democratic-Republican party as the sole political faction) was the United States' only experience with a one-party system.
1724:
are the top two vote-getters from a primary election. In some elections the candidates might be members of a national party but do not run as party members for local office.
1752:, and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner. Several countries with partisan parliaments use nonpartisan appointments to choose presidents.
2409:, but there is no legislation for political parties. Civil society organizations and trade unions also nominate candidates for election in Hong Kong under the system of
2916:
2619:
election became more expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction rather than implements of a decision to adopt new and different policies for the
Confederacy."
2111:, as they have not been legalized since independence in 1961. Nonetheless, the constitution itself does not explicitly prohibit parties. Candidates for election to the
2386:, does not have any active political parties, but no law forbids the formation of political parties; hence, the territory is a de facto non-partisan democracy. The
2046:, where no political parties exist, "MPs have very close links with their island constituencies and effort is directed towards balancing island representation in
155:
2225:
governments. The nonpartisan system is also used in many US states for the election of judges, district attorneys and other officials. Twelve US states use the
1859:
784:
1598:. Sometimes electioneering and even speaking about candidates may be discouraged, so as not to prejudice others' decisions or create a contentious atmosphere.
2328:
779:
2877:
1854:
Legislative elections in the Confederacy were decided without political parties. Key candidate identification related to adopting secession before or after
2572:
1513:
826:
2499:
candidates are rarely contested in the general election. The coordinating Scarsdale Citizens' Non-Partisan Party motto is "Performance, Not Politics"
2159:
2148:
2028:
consists entirely of independent members of parliament or MPs, who form governing coalitions and opposition blocs through alliances of individuals.
1566:
2332:
2293:
1621:, meaning political parties are either outlawed entirely or legally prevented from participating in elections at certain levels of government, or
60:
2143:
does not allow political parties, and only holds elections with expanding suffrage for a consultative assembly. Though Oman is developing into a
2406:
2313:
2305:
2116:
1983:
1858:'s call for volunteers to retake Federal property. Previous party affiliation played a part in voter selection, predominantly secessionist
2309:
2301:
2198:
1518:
1665:, but governments of the latter type explicitly recognize a single political party of which all officials are required to be a member.
2808:
2678:
1874:
107:
1669:
189:
126:
79:
2336:
1828:
1523:
736:
636:
2973:
2558:
non-partisans are known as "non-inscrits" (unrecorded ones), and in some parliamentary talks they are given less time to speak.
2716:
2700:
2420:
2086:
819:
2908:
1748:
partisan politics, and are chosen in a fair manner that does not adversely affect a political party. Twelve US states use the
86:
2486:
Many municipalities in Switzerland also have a nonpartisan legislative assembly consisting of all citizens eligible to vote.
2391:
2058:
1987:
1971:
1928:
1632:
64:
2531:
1843:
1174:
591:
2402:
1559:
957:
651:
93:
2178:, though it does not have a native population and in essence exists as a sort of extraterritorial headquarters for the
3004:
2327:
has a completely nonpartisan government in that no political parties operate on the islands. All eight members of the
2252:
2218:
2112:
1936:
1924:
681:
446:
167:
2089:, the upper house of the nation's bicameral legislature, are barred to come from any elements of political parties.
1863:
1505:
812:
75:
2776:
2410:
2387:
2134:
2005:
1956:
1486:
2270:
are also nonpartisan, direct democracies; while they have a partisan parliament, all laws have to be passed by "
2616:
2101:
1940:
1587:
1223:
1154:
716:
561:
421:
171:
2761:
2144:
2009:
1976:
1552:
1178:
721:
656:
566:
541:
396:
53:
2756:
1966:
Because of their nonpartisan ideology, the Progressive Party of Canada refused to take the position of the
2259:
2248:
is elected on a partisan basis. It is the only state in the United States with a nonpartisan legislature.
2036:
546:
536:
503:
431:
366:
347:
287:
277:
272:
252:
2147:, political parties are presently forbidden in Oman. The previously influential opposition movement, the
2424:
2297:
2267:
1890:
1886:
1832:
1456:
1395:
1350:
1313:
1169:
1164:
1149:
1110:
933:
913:
601:
581:
556:
551:
493:
468:
2543:
531:
2356:
before the 2006 elections and played a minor role in the 2006 elections. At the 2001 election for the
2800:
Canadian Politics, Riding by Riding: An In-Depth Analysis of Canada's 301 Federal Electoral Districts
2567:
2527:
2437:
2349:, consists of 45 People's Deputies, elected from multi- or single-member districts every four years.
2241:
2093:
1980:
1836:
1772:
was nonpartisan, as eligible citizens voted on laws themselves rather than electing representatives.
1451:
1243:
1050:
903:
883:
774:
576:
478:
411:
342:
337:
317:
223:
100:
2495:
2025:
1967:
1901:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1461:
1441:
1298:
1120:
1105:
975:
923:
769:
759:
596:
571:
508:
488:
458:
441:
436:
426:
401:
356:
332:
307:
282:
267:
2115:
stand in a personal capacity. Nevertheless, several politically-focused organizations such as the
2999:
2777:"Printing of Names, Emblems, and Photographs on Ballot Papers for the District Council Elections"
2582:
2512:
2346:
1769:
1706:
are single-party nations although the Members of Parliament are not elected as party candidates.
1631:
nonpartisan systems are mostly situated in states and regions with small populations, such as in
1446:
1405:
1340:
1258:
1070:
938:
868:
859:
741:
671:
661:
606:
381:
376:
297:
262:
257:
245:
1916:
in the United States, especially in the Upper Midwest, which also eventually bled over into the
2804:
2798:
2666:
2555:
2365:
2361:
2047:
1917:
1870:
1820:
1800:
1685:
1263:
1238:
878:
843:
764:
691:
416:
406:
352:
233:
206:
2984:
2831:
2523:
2475:
2433:
2383:
2379:
2324:
2277:
2263:
2245:
2054:
1804:
1400:
1345:
1327:
1308:
1293:
1060:
990:
908:
701:
696:
646:
473:
361:
322:
312:
292:
2204:
Until the mid-20th century, a Canadian politician's political affiliation was not shown on
2720:
2179:
1894:
1855:
1848:
1681:
1662:
1595:
1542:
1471:
1466:
1386:
1360:
1355:
1335:
1273:
1233:
1228:
850:
802:
626:
586:
371:
2546:
states that the partisan apparatus is not a necessary or beneficial aspect of democracy.
2244:
because candidates are neither endorsed nor supported by political parties. However, its
2878:"Barangay bets warned: Be truthful in declaring party affiliation or face consequences"
2577:
2369:
2289:
2201:
in 2005, over 92% of Ugandan citizens voted for the return of a multiple party system.
1776:
1606:
1268:
1218:
1159:
1025:
1005:
731:
621:
391:
31:
2938:
2158:, there are neither national elections or legal political parties. Despite this, some
1537:
797:
2993:
2357:
2292:
is completely nonpartisan. It has 21 nonpartisan members elected by consensus to its
2271:
2237:
2226:
1812:
1808:
1749:
1602:
1139:
1055:
1045:
631:
498:
451:
327:
17:
2713:
2733:
2375:
2155:
1960:
1932:
1788:
1732:
1728:
1650:
1374:
1253:
1213:
1208:
1144:
1125:
985:
2020:
Nonpartisan governments are much more likely in countries with small populations.
1873:
was a nonpartisan democracy before it was annexed by the United States; all four
2508:
2353:
2186:
1824:
1248:
1198:
1134:
1130:
1100:
1035:
965:
611:
302:
42:
2100:
nonpartisan authoritarian state since all political parties were outlawed. The
2471:
2130:
1610:
1095:
1030:
1020:
686:
616:
483:
2665:
Erath, Lucy A. (October 1923). Barker, Eugene C.; Bolton, Herbert E. (eds.).
2345:
has a nonpartisan legislature. The States of Guernsey, officially called the
1827:
were nonpartisan. Factions within the early US government coalesced into the
2398:
2175:
2082:
1905:
1784:
1780:
1695:
1690:
1643:, where organizing political parties is seen as unnecessary or impractical.
1432:
1303:
1075:
1065:
980:
970:
711:
666:
526:
228:
213:
2229:, and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner.
2516:
2342:
2233:
2222:
2171:
1948:
1622:
1591:
1115:
1040:
1015:
1010:
1000:
893:
706:
676:
641:
463:
2405:, is required by law not to be member of any political party. There are
1877:, and the members of the Texian Congress, were officially non-partisan.
2463:
2459:
2428:
2205:
2189:
2097:
1952:
1944:
1618:
995:
2467:
2417:
2193:
2108:
2043:
1658:
1636:
1203:
726:
2852:
2701:"The history of New Zealand's party system - New Zealand Parliament"
2162:
exist, with varying degrees of presence in Saudi Arabia and abroad.
2441:
2126:
2062:
2021:
1913:
1909:
1699:
1640:
2550:
Discrimination of non-partisan candidates in partisan democracies
2107:
Political parties are also formally illegal in the Gulf state of
2140:
2032:
1703:
1654:
2280:
are required by law not to be members of any political party.
1625:
if no such laws exist and yet there are no political parties.
138:
36:
1963:
suffered much infighting as the result of conflicting views.
2979:
2474:
are free to vote on each motion individually, not bound by
2065:. These nations have small, highly dispersed populations.
1923:
The League contributed much to the ideology of the former
1779:
were all nonpartisan, though the informal factions of the
1955:) also acted on a similar philosophy. In the case of the
1943:
movement (which formed governments in the provinces of
163:
2734:"Libya elections: Do any of the parties have a plan?"
2372:
operate and hold a small number of elected officers.
2723:, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2397:
The head of the territory and head of government of
1959:, while in power (1919–1923), the administration of
2784:
Legislative Council Panel on Constitutional Affairs
2012:generally have nonpartisan, figurehead presidents.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2985:Farewell Address — The American Presidency Project
2008:have nonpartisan monarchs as their head of state.
2352:Political parties played no official role in the
2274:", an assembly of all citizens eligible to vote.
2185:A nonpartisan democracy might take root in other
1590:or organization such that universal and periodic
2436:. This system is in deference to the system of
1739:chosen who in turn elect the representatives.
2024:, for example, has no political parties; its
1727:Nonpartisan elections are generally held for
1560:
820:
152:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2963:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
2573:List of countries without political parties
2308:are both nonpartisan offices. However, the
1927:. It went into decline and merged with the
1811:intended the government to be nonpartisan.
2296:and 18 nonpartisan members elected to the
2217:There are several examples of nonpartisan
1567:
1553:
1379:
864:
838:
827:
813:
201:
2053:Other nonpartisan island nations are the
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2909:"Barangay and SK elections are partisan"
2853:"Scarsdale Citizens' Non-Partisan Party"
2149:Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman
2832:"Premier of Nunavut - Hon. Paul Okalik"
2594:
2440:that predominates among the indigenous
1799:Historians have frequently interpreted
1676:Comparison with other political systems
922:
892:
867:
849:
212:
2444:and other peoples of northern Canada.
2919:from the original on 27 February 2021
2757:"Libya Election Panel Battles Ghosts"
2671:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1649:nonpartisan systems exist in several
7:
2803:. Prospect Park Press. p. 448.
2667:"Memoirs of George Bernard Erath IV"
1984:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
1680:A nonpartisan system differs from a
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1875:presidents of the Republic of Texas
2888:from the original on 3 August 2020
2797:Hill, Tony L. (12 December 2002).
2679:Texas State Historical Association
2316:, and its nonvoting member of the
2240:has nonpartisan elections for its
1823:and the first few sessions of the
25:
2876:Gomez, Carla P. (12 April 2018).
2714:"Republic of Nauru country brief"
2278:Governors of Japanese prefectures
1670:restrictions on political parties
2961:Citizens, Parties and the State.
2613:Why the North Won the Civil War.
2515:(elections for positions in the
1594:take place without reference to
1536:
796:
143:
41:
2907:Nalzaro, Bobby (8 April 2018).
2755:Margaret Coker (22 June 2012).
2213:State or provincial governments
2087:Regional Representative Council
1731:and county offices, especially
780:Latin America and the Caribbean
52:needs additional citations for
2943:Baháʼí International Community
2392:Saint Helena Progressive Party
2288:The territorial government of
1908:political movement during the
1897:' and joined the opposition.
1885:From 1853 to 1890, within the
1:
2939:"The Prosperity of Humankind"
1844:Confederate States of America
592:Democracy and economic growth
27:Type of democratic government
2117:National Democratic Alliance
1775:Elections to offices in the
1605:is nonpartisan, even if the
785:Middle East and North Africa
652:Peaceful transition of power
2974:Nebraska Unicameral History
2331:are nonpartisan, as is the
2253:nonpartisan blanket primary
2113:National Assembly of Kuwait
1937:Progressive Party of Canada
1925:Progressive Party of Canada
1770:Democracy in ancient Athens
1617:Nonpartisan systems may be
1519:Political parties by region
1309:Party convention/conference
682:Proportional representation
166:, discuss the issue on the
3021:
2611:David Herbert Donald, ed.
2407:numerous political parties
1506:Lists of political parties
29:
2976:(archived 11 August 2004)
2857:www.scarsdalecitizens.org
2617:1863 Confederate mid-term
2411:functional constituencies
2388:Saint Helena Labour Party
2323:The British territory of
2135:General National Congress
2077:Muslim-majority countries
2006:Constitutional monarchies
1957:United Farmers of Ontario
1588:representative government
1514:Ruling parties by country
1487:National unity government
2102:Federal National Council
1524:Banned political parties
1224:Leader of the Opposition
1192:Leaders and organization
1155:Parliamentary opposition
737:Wars between democracies
717:Territorial peace theory
562:Democratic confederalism
76:"Non-partisan democracy"
30:Not to be confused with
2762:The Wall Street Journal
2736:. BBC News. 6 July 2012
2284:Territorial governments
2174:State is a nonpartisan
2145:constitutional monarchy
2016:Pacific Islands nations
2010:Parliamentary republics
1977:Liberal Party of Canada
1668:Unless there are legal
722:Tyranny of the majority
657:Political demonstration
567:Democratic peace theory
542:Deliberative referendum
2538:Religious perspectives
2347:States of Deliberation
2192:, such as occurred in
2119:exist and function as
1819:The administration of
1787:did emerge within the
1684:in that the governing
547:Democratic backsliding
537:Criticism of democracy
2980:Party-Free Government
2448:Municipal governments
2425:Northwest Territories
2268:Appenzell Innerrhoden
2085:, all members of the
2039:, disbanded in 2003.
1986:(CCF, or present day
1887:Self-governing colony
1833:Democratic-Republican
1601:In many nations, the
1580:Nonpartisan democracy
1457:Confidence and supply
1314:Leadership convention
1165:Official party status
1121:Entrepreneurial party
602:Electoral competition
582:Democratic transition
557:Democratic centralism
552:Democratic capitalism
18:Non-partisan election
2568:Consensus government
2528:Sangguniang Kabataan
2438:consensus government
2394:existed until 1976.
2329:Legislative Assembly
2160:opposition movements
2151:, is dormant today.
2094:United Arab Emirates
1999:National governments
1988:New Democratic Party
1981:democratic socialist
1837:Era of Good Feelings
1462:Consensus government
1452:Coalition government
1244:Parliamentary leader
1051:Classical radicalism
577:Democratic socialism
172:create a new article
164:improve this article
154:may not represent a
61:improve this article
2496:Scarsdale, New York
2314:Lieutenant Governor
2306:Lieutenant Governor
2123:political parties.
2037:Niue People's Party
1968:official opposition
1904:was an influential
1902:Non-Partisan League
1765:Historical examples
1543:Politics portal
1492:Rotation government
1482:Minority government
1477:Majority government
1442:Parliamentary group
1299:Leadership election
976:Christian democracy
803:Politics portal
597:Democracy promotion
572:Democratic republic
3005:Types of democracy
2719:2014-10-06 at the
2583:Types of democracy
2513:barangay elections
2490:Scardale, New York
2378:, along with both
2298:Territorial Senate
1803:to imply that the
1653:states, including
1584:no-party democracy
1447:Divided government
1341:Crossing the floor
1287:Internal elections
1259:Party spokesperson
1170:Single-issue party
860:Political Spectrum
742:Waves of democracy
702:Right to candidacy
672:Popular referendum
662:Political equality
532:Citizens' assembly
2653:Historical Atlas,
2630:Historical Atlas,
2556:French parliament
2524:Barangay Captains
2366:Manx Labour Party
2362:Manx Labour Party
2294:Territorial House
2251:Louisiana uses a
2133:legislature, the
1918:prairie provinces
1871:Republic of Texas
1821:George Washington
1801:Federalist No. 10
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2959:Ware, Alan.
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2882:INQUIRER.net
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1214:Frontbencher
1209:Caucus chair
1145:Ruling party
1126:Ethnic party
1106:Cartel party
986:Conservatism
934:Centre-Right
914:Centre-Right
842:Part of the
504:Totalitarian
387:Non-partisan
386:
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348:Jeffersonian
288:Deliberative
278:Cosmopolitan
273:Conservative
253:Anticipatory
205:Part of the
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117:October 2022
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2740:6 September
2509:Philippines
2503:Philippines
2482:Switzerland
2421:territories
2354:Isle of Man
2242:legislature
1920:of Canada.
1891:New Zealand
1825:US Congress
1406:Multi-party
1249:Party chair
1199:Backbencher
1135:Minor party
1131:Major party
1111:Competitive
1101:Elite party
1036:Nationalism
966:Agrarianism
904:Centre-Left
884:Centre-Left
612:Kleroterion
494:Substantive
469:Semi-direct
2994:Categories
2954:References
2862:2017-01-19
2816:30 January
2472:Councilors
2318:U.S. House
2223:provincial
2199:referendum
2131:unicameral
2059:Micronesia
2026:Parliament
1970:after the
1829:Federalist
1714:Structures
1633:Micronesia
1611:parliament
1433:Coalitions
1351:Party line
1140:Mass party
1096:Bloc party
1071:Syncretism
1031:Monarchism
1021:Liberalism
958:Ideologies
924:Right-Wing
775:Historical
687:Referendum
642:Ochlocracy
617:Liberalism
607:Initiative
484:Sociocracy
412:Procedural
382:Multiparty
343:Jacksonian
338:Industrial
318:Grassroots
303:Electronic
180:March 2024
87:newspapers
3000:Elections
2837:6 October
2685:March 21,
2399:Hong Kong
2187:sovereign
2176:theocracy
2083:Indonesia
1906:socialist
1785:Optimates
1781:Populares
1729:municipal
1719:Elections
1696:communist
1691:hierarchy
1592:elections
1401:Two-party
1387:One-party
1304:Open list
1264:Secretary
1076:Third Way
1066:Socialism
981:Communism
971:Anarchism
939:Far-Right
869:Left-Wing
712:Sortition
667:Polyarchy
527:Anarchism
509:Workplace
489:Sovereign
479:Socialist
459:Sectarian
437:Christian
427:Religious
402:Pluralist
357:Illiberal
333:Inclusive
308:Empowered
283:Defensive
268:Consensus
214:Democracy
168:talk page
2923:9 August
2917:Archived
2892:9 August
2886:Archived
2717:Archived
2651:Martis,
2632:pp.72–73
2628:Martis,
2562:See also
2517:barangay
2418:Canadian
2343:Guernsey
2337:Governor
2335:and the
2310:Governor
2302:Governor
2234:Nebraska
2121:de facto
2070:de facto
1979:and the
1949:Manitoba
1939:and the
1860:Democrat
1629:De facto
1623:de facto
1041:Populism
1016:Islamism
1011:Hindutva
1001:Feminism
879:Far-Left
677:Populism
432:Buddhist
377:Monitory
298:Economic
263:Cellular
258:Athenian
162:You may
2913:Sunstar
2507:In the
2464:Ontario
2460:Toronto
2434:premier
2429:Nunavut
2423:of the
2236:in the
2206:ballots
2190:nations
2172:Vatican
2098:de jure
2048:Cabinet
1953:Ontario
1945:Alberta
1856:Lincoln
1807:of the
1686:faction
1647:De jure
1619:de jure
996:Fascism
442:Islamic
417:Radical
407:Popular
353:Liberal
234:Indices
224:History
101:scholar
2807:
2468:Canada
2453:Canada
2401:, the
2360:, the
2300:. The
2264:Glarus
2194:Uganda
2109:Kuwait
2061:, and
2044:Tuvalu
1659:Kuwait
1639:, and
1637:Tuvalu
1582:(also
1204:Caucus
956:Major
894:Centre
770:Europe
760:Africa
754:Region
727:Voting
637:Motion
474:Social
452:Mormon
447:Jewish
362:Liquid
323:Guided
313:Ethnic
293:Direct
229:Theory
103:
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2780:(PDF)
2681:: 140
2677:(2).
2589:Notes
2442:Inuit
2219:state
2127:Libya
2096:is a
2063:Palau
2022:Nauru
1914:1920s
1910:1910s
1849:Davis
1700:China
1641:Palau
1089:Types
372:Media
246:Types
170:, or
108:JSTOR
94:books
2925:2020
2894:2020
2839:2009
2818:2014
2805:ISBN
2742:2012
2687:2015
2655:pp.3
2642:it".
2542:The
2526:and
2427:and
2416:The
2390:and
2382:and
2368:and
2304:and
2266:and
2258:The
2170:The
2141:Oman
2092:The
2033:Niue
1951:and
1912:and
1900:The
1869:The
1864:Whig
1842:The
1831:and
1783:and
1704:Cuba
1657:and
1655:Oman
1609:and
1274:Whip
765:Asia
464:Semi
392:Oral
80:news
2554:In
2262:of
2221:or
2154:In
2129:'s
2081:In
2050:".
2042:In
2031:In
1990:).
1931:of
1889:of
1702:or
63:by
2996::
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