1880:. Although this is a point source, due to the distributional nature, long-range transport, and multiple sources of the pollution, it can be considered as nonpoint source in the depositional area. Atmospheric inputs that affect runoff quality may come from dry deposition between storm events and wet deposition during storm events. The effects of vehicular traffic on the wet and dry deposition that occurs on or near highways, roadways, and parking areas creates uncertainties in the magnitudes of various atmospheric sources in runoff. Existing networks that use protocols sufficient to quantify these concentrations and loads do not measure many of the constituents of interest and these networks are too sparse to provide good deposition estimates at a local scale
1537:, other pesticides, and fertilizers. These compounds can have severe effects to the ecosystem and water-bodies and can threaten the health of both humans and aquatic species while being resistant to environmental breakdown, thus allowing them to persist in the environment. These compounds can also be present in the air and water environments, causing damage to the environment and risking harmful exposure to living species. These toxic chemicals could come from croplands, nurseries, orchards, building sites, gardens, lawns and landfills.
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2041:, a novel approach was developed through a creation of a "shellfish protection district" when either a commercial or recreational shellfish bed is downgraded because of ongoing nonpoint source pollution. The shellfish protection district is a geographic area designated by a county to protect water quality and tideland resources, and provides a mechanism to generate local funds for water quality services to control nonpoint sources of pollution. At least two shellfish protection districts in south
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2188:(EPA). The law does not provide for direct federal regulation of nonpoint sources, but state and local governments may do so pursuant to state laws. For example, many states have taken the steps to implement their own management programs for places such as their coastlines, all of which have to be approved by the
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Typically, in suburban areas, chemicals are used for lawn care. These chemicals can end up in runoff and enter the surrounding environment via storm drains in the city. Since the water in storm drains is not treated before flowing into surrounding water bodies, the chemicals enter the water directly.
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plants and other operations, pollution in urban runoff cannot be attributed to one activity or even group of activities. Therefore, because it is not caused by an easily identified and regulated activity, urban runoff pollution sources are also often treated as true nonpoint sources as municipalities
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that mandates development of nonpoint source pollution management measures in states with coastal waters. CZARA requires states with coastlines to implement management measures to remediate water pollution, and to make sure that the product of these measures is implementation as opposed to adoption.
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is the other key ingredient in fertilizers, and it generally becomes a pollutant in saltwater or brackish estuarine systems where nitrogen is a limiting nutrient. Similar to phosphorus in fresh-waters, excess amounts of bioavailable nitrogen in marine systems lead to eutrophication and algae blooms.
2997:
Granato, G.E., Bank, F.G., and
Cazenas, P.A., 2003, Data quality objectives and criteria for basic information, acceptable uncertainty, and quality-assurance and quality-control documentation, in Granato, G.E., Zenone, Chester, and Cazenas, P.A., eds., National highway runoff water-quality data and
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Congress authorized the CWA section 319 grant program in 1987. Grants are provided to states, territories, and tribes in order to encourage implementation and further development in policy. The law requires all states to operate NPS management programs. EPA requires regular program updates in order
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With a well-planned placement of both logging trails, also called skid trails, can reduce the amount of sediment generated. By planning the trails location as far away from the logging activity as possible as well as contouring the trails with the land, it can reduce the amount of loose sediment in
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is a process by which sediment is transported to a body of water. The sediment will then be deposited into the water system or stay in the water column. When there are high rates of sedimentation, flooding can occur due to a build-up of too much sediment. When flooding occurs, waterfront properties
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Nonpoint source water pollution may derive from many different sources with no specific solutions or changes to rectify the problem, making it difficult to regulate. Nonpoint source water pollution is difficult to control because it comes from the everyday activities of many different people, such
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Installing shut off valves on fuel pumps at a marina dock can help reduce the amount of spillover into the water. Additionally, pump-out stations that are easily accessible to boaters in a marina can provide a clean place in which to dispose of sanitary waste without dumping it directly into the
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blooms that can produce unsightly surface scums, shade out beneficial types of plants, produce taste-and-odor-causing compounds, and poison the water due to toxins produced by the algae. These toxins are a particular problem in systems used for drinking water because some toxins can cause human
1969:
find their way into water through runoff. Additionally, spilling fuels or leaking fuels directly into the water from boats contribute to nonpoint source pollution. Nutrient and bacteria levels are increased by poorly maintained sanitary waste receptacles on the boat and pump-out stations.
2197:(BMPs) in order to accomplish their goals of finding the least costly method to reduce the greatest amount of pollution. BMPs can be implemented for both agricultural and urban runoff, and can also be either structural or nonstructural methods. Federal agencies, including EPA and the
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have originated from a point source, the long-range transport ability and multiple sources of the pollutant make it a nonpoint source of pollution; if the discharges were to occur to a body of water or into the atmosphere at a single location, the pollution would be single-point.
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Other agrochemicals such as pesticides and fungicides can enter environments from agricultural lands through runoff and deposition as well. Pesticides such as DDT or atrazine can travel through waterways or stay suspended in air and carried by wind in a process known as
1151:. Principal sources of nonpoint source water pollution include: urban and suburban areas, agricultural operations, atmospheric inputs, highway runoff, forestry and mining operations, marinas and boating activities. In urban areas, contaminated storm water washed off of
1540:
Acids and salts mainly are inorganic pollutants from irrigated lands, mining operations, urban runoff, industrial sites and landfills. Other inorganic toxic contaminants can come from foundries and other factory plants, sewage, mining, and coal-burning power stations.
2017:
can be built in drainage areas to create an aquatic buffer between runoff pollution and the aquatic environment. Runoff and storm water drain into the retention pond allowing for the contaminants to settle out and become trapped in the pond. The use of
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are erected around construction sites to reduce the amount of sediment and large material draining into the nearby water body. Secondly, laying grass or straw along the border of construction sites also work to reduce nonpoint source pollution.
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are impervious to water penetrating them. Any water that is on contact with these surfaces will run off and be absorbed by the surrounding environment. These surfaces make it easier for stormwater to carry pollutants into the surrounding soil.
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Nonpoint source pollution is caused when precipitation (1) carries pollutants from the ground such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollutants which come from fertilizers used on farm lands (2) or urban areas (3). These nutrients can cause
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and the EPA. The goals of these programs and those alike are to create foundations that encourage statewide pollution reduction by growing and improving systems that already exist. Programs within these state and local governments look to
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Forestry operations reduce the number of trees in a given area, thus reducing the oxygen levels in that area as well. This action, coupled with the heavy machinery (harvesters, etc.) rolling over the soil increases the risk of
1159:, is usually included under the category of non-point sources (it can become a point source if it is channeled into storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to local surface waters). In agriculture, the leaching out of
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are bacteria and viruses that can be found in water and cause diseases in humans. Typically, pathogens cause disease when they are present in public drinking water supplies. Pathogens found in contaminated runoff may include:
1689:. This runoff is often classified as a type of NPS pollution. Some people may also consider it a point source because many times it is channeled into municipal storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to nearby
2012:
provide a barrier of grass in between impervious paving material like parking lots and roads, and the closest body of water. This allows the soil to absorb any pollution before it enters the local aquatic system.
2987:
Young, G.K., Stein, Stuart, Cole, Pamela, Kammer, Traci, Graziano, Frank, and Bank, F.G., 1996, Evaluation and management of highway runoff water quality: Federal
Highway Administration Report FHWA–PD–96–032, 480
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Atmospheric deposition is a source of inorganic and organic constituents because these constituents are transported from sources of air pollution to receptors on the ground. Typically, industrial facilities, like
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Highway runoff accounts for a small but widespread percentage of all nonpoint source pollution. Harned (1988) estimated that runoff loads were composed of atmospheric fallout (9%), vehicle deposition (25%) and
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1067:) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. It is in contrast to
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1318:. With an increased sediment load into a body of water, the oxygen can also be depleted or reduced to a level that is harmful to the species living in that area. High turbidity levels also inhibit drinking
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work to abate them. An example of this is in
Michigan, through a NPS (nonpoint source) program. This program helps stakeholders create watershed management plans to combat nonpoint source pollution.
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systems before entering water bodies. Some may flow directly into water bodies, especially in developing and suburban areas. Also, unlike other types of point sources, such as industrial discharges,
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Hypoxia is an increasingly common result of eutrophication in marine systems and can impact large areas of estuaries, bays, and near shore coastal waters. Each summer, hypoxic conditions form in
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Colman, J.A., Rice, K.C., and
Willoughby, T.C., 2001, Methodology and significance of studies of atmospheric deposition in highway runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-259, 63 p.
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is a concept used to reduce runoff while planting a new crop. The farmer leaves some crop reside from the previous planting in the ground to help prevent runoff during the planting process.
1785:, are often point source dischargers. These facilities are called "concentrated animal feeding operations" or "feedlots" in the US and are being subject to increasing government regulation.
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Harned, D.A., 1988, Effects of
Highway Runoff on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Sevenmile Creek Basin, a Rural Area in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina, July 1981 to July 1982:
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Lopes, T.J., Dionne, S.G., 1998, A review of semivolatile and volatile organic compounds in highway runoff and urban stormwater: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 98-409, 67 p.
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Carpenter, S. R.; Caraco, N. F.; Correll, D. L.; Howarth, R. W.; Sharpley, A. N.; Smith, V. H. (August 1998). "Nonpoint
Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen".
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allows for rain and storm water to drain into the ground beneath the pavement, reducing the amount of runoff that drains directly into the water body. Restoration methods such as
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Gupta, M.K., Agnew, R.W., Gruber, D., and
Kreutzberger, W.A., 1981, Constituents of highway runoff, in v. IV, Characteristics of runoff from operating highways—Research report:
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on to soil particles. Excess amounts of phosphorus in aquatic systems (particularly freshwater lakes, reservoirs, and ponds) leads to proliferation of microscopic algae called
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the runoff. Additionally, by replanting trees on the land after logging, it provides a structure for the soil to regain stability as well as replaces the logged environment.
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Driscoll, E.D., Shelley, P.E., and
Strecker, E.W., 1990, Pollutant loadings and impacts from highway stormwater runoff, v. III—Analytical investigation and research report:
1757:. Nutrient pollution such as nitrates can harm the aquatic environments by degrading water quality by lowering levels of oxygen, which can inturn induce algal blooms and
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In areas served by single-home septic systems, local government regulations can force septic system maintenance to ensure compliance with water quality standards. In
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1136:. Controlling nonpoint source pollution requires improving the management of urban and suburban areas, agricultural operations, forestry operations and marinas.
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are a main sources of nonpoint source pollution due to the amount of runoff that is produced due to the large amount of paved surfaces. Paved surfaces, such as
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illness and removal of the toxins is difficult and expensive. Bacterial decomposition of algal blooms consumes dissolved oxygen in the water, generating
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can occur. Additionally, there can be chemical reactions with the air and newly exposed rock to create acidic runoff. Water that seeps out of abandoned
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To control sediment and runoff, farmers may utilize erosion controls to reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields. Common techniques include
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due to waves and wind. When sediments are eroded at a continuous rate, they will stay in the water column and the turbidity level will increase.
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Agricultural operations account for a large percentage of all nonpoint source pollution in the United States. When large tracts of land are
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converts it into nitrate. Since the nitrate is generally already incorporated into the soil, the water traveling through the soil (i.e.,
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1391:. It is a main ingredient in many fertilizers used for agriculture as well as on residential and commercial properties and may become a
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operations are considered point sources, however runoff from abandoned mining operations contribute to nonpoint source pollution. In
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to effectively manage the ever-changing nature of their waters, and to ensure effective use of the 319 grant funds and resources.
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water. Finally, something as simple as having trash containers around a marina can prevent larger objects entering the water.
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Granato, G.E., and
Cazenas, P.A., 2009, Highway-runoff database (HRDB version 1.0)—A data warehouse and preprocessor for the
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2201:, have approved and provided a list of commonly used BMPs for the many different categories of nonpoint source pollution.
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3301:"Handbook for Developing and Managing Tribal Nonpoint Source Pollution Programs Under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act"
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3258:"Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Approval Decision on California Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program"
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have instituted septic system operation and maintenance requirements with program fees tied directly to property taxes.
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1306:(cloudiness) in water bodies, reducing the amount of light reaching lower depths, which can inhibit growth of submerged
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can also be highly acidic. This can seep into the nearest body of water and change the pH in the aquatic environment.
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1674:. Additionally, discarded debris on the site can be carried away by runoff waters and enter the aquatic environment.
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Smith, K.P., and
Granato, G.E., 2010, Quality of stormwater runoff discharged from Massachusetts highways, 2005–07:
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To control nonpoint source pollution, many different approaches can be undertaken in both urban and suburban areas.
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are resistant to breakdown. These contaminants can come from a variety of sources including human sewage sludge,
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1741:, or spraying of municipal or industrial wastewater (effluent) or sludge. Nutrients may also enter runoff from
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Construction sites typically implement simple measures to reduce pollution and runoff. Firstly, sediment or
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materials (67%) he also estimated that about 9 percent of these loads were reentrained in the atmosphere.
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1804:. It also can increase the amount of fertilizer and pesticides carried into nearby bodies of water.
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1796:, it exposes and loosens soil that was once buried. This makes the exposed soil more vulnerable to
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1411:. The increase of organic matter supply due to the excessive growth of the phytoplankton is called
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methodology synthesis, v. I—Technical issues for monitoring highway runoff and urban stormwater:
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Contaminated stormwater washed off parking lots, roads and highways, and lawns (often containing
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operations and crop lands. The two primary nutrients of concern are phosphorus and nitrogen.
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The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 created a program under the
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1988:
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1443:. During recent summers, the aerial extent of this "dead zone" is comparable to the area of
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compounds from fertilized agricultural lands is a nonpoint source water pollution. Nutrient
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1298:(larger particles). Sediment may enter surface waters from eroding stream banks, and from
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2638:"Soil drainage and nitrate losses to surface waters: Insights from long-term SEPAC study"
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National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification
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2117:) to maintain control over pests, reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, and protect
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2773:. Washington D.C.: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2007.
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Pandey, Pramod; Kass, Phillip; Soupir, Michelle; Biswas, Sagor; Singh, Vijay (2014).
2511:"Sediment in stormwater is a common pollutant which negatively impacts water quality"
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which results from a single source. Nonpoint source pollution generally results from
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Pathogens may contaminate runoff due to poorly managed livestock operations, faulty
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National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Agriculture
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Sediment can also be discharged from multiple different sources. Sources include
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https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/organization/water-resources/nonpoint-source
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National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Forestry
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Nutrients are typically applied to farmland as commercial fertilizer; animal
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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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3333:"Nonpoint Source Program and Grants Guidelines for States and Territories"
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National Water Quality Inventory: Report to Congress; 2004 Reporting Cycle
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Construction sites tend to have disturbed soil that is easily eroded by
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2659:"Air Toxics Effects on Human Health - Air (U.S. National Park Service)"
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2305:. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2020-10-07.
1997:
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1941:. If this area is not properly reclaimed once the mining has finished,
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1618:, improper handling of pet waste, the over application of human sewage
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due to improper plant cover on urban and rural land. Sediment creates
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operations, the top of the mountain is removed to expose the desired
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operations can have significant inputs to nonpoint source pollution.
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and consequently affect species which are dependent on them, such as
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Runoff from agriculture due to fertilizers and pesticides /irrigation
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U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Fort Worth, TX.
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2319:. Austin, TX: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. 2017-08-22.
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and has major detrimental consequences for fisheries in the region.
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Runoff from construction sites less than 20,000 m (220,000 ft²)
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sites (although these are point sources, which can be managed with
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1958:
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1478:) is the most likely to transport it, rather than surface runoff.
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with detrimental consequences for fish and aquatic invertebrates.
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1355:
1348:), agricultural fields, stream banks, and highly disturbed areas.
1333:
can be damaged further by high amounts of sediment being present.
1187:
921:
866:
258:
3030:
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5269
1208:
Characteristics of point and nonpoint sources of chemical inputs
4760:
3881:
3869:
3785:
2440:
Stevenson, J. Court; Piper, Catherine B.; Confer, Nedra (1979).
2180:
The definition of a nonpoint source is addressed under the U.S.
2176:
Nonpoint source water pollution regulations in the United States
1890:
1789:
1774:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1503:
1495:
1458:). The nitrogen is usually added to a watershed as organic-N or
1311:
1291:
1287:
1196:
1175:
or a forest are also examples of non-point source pollution.
896:
143:
138:
103:
3657:
3412:
3204:"National Conservation Practice Standard: Nutrient Management."
2612:"New Jersey-Size 'Dead Zone' Is Largest Ever in Gulf of Mexico"
1518:
combustion, urban runoff, industrial operations and landfills.
1091:
affects a water body from sources such as polluted runoff from
2919:
2026:
are also used to slow runoff as well as absorb contamination.
1966:
1938:
1811:
1534:
1265:
Runoff from construction sites >20,000 m (220,000 ft²)
1781:. Farms with large livestock and poultry operations, such as
3653:
2170:
Regulation of Nonpoint Source Pollution in the United States
1521:
Other toxic contaminants include organic compounds such as
1399:. Phosphorus is most often transported to water bodies via
3403:
3217:
National Conservation Practice Standard: Pest Management."
3178:
National Conservation Practice Standard: Contour Farming."
2684:"Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria"
1369:
Nutrients mainly refers to inorganic matter from runoff,
1231:
Runoff from mines, oil fields, unsewered industrial sites
2317:"Management Program for Nonpoint Source Water Pollution"
1611:
of water pollution, but not an actual cause of disease.
3017:"Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA–HEP–09–004"
2444:(Report). Annapolis, MD: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
2426:
Iowa State University. University Extension. Ames, IA.
1840:
3000:"Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA–EP–03–054"
2976:"Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA–RD–88–008"
2963:"Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA/RD–81/045"
2918:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Des Moines, IA.
2545:
Penn State University. Pennsylvania Lake Erie NEMO.
4845:
4794:
4743:
4710:
4543:
4482:
4444:
4426:
4226:
4161:
4098:
4024:
3993:
3958:
3942:
3907:
3700:
3191:
National Conservation Practice Standard: Mulching."
3107:"Nonpoint Source Pollution, NOS Education Offering"
3082:"Nonpoint Source Pollution, NOS Education Offering"
3057:"Nonpoint Source Pollution, NOS Education Offering"
2303:"Basic Information about Nonpoint Source Pollution"
1494:. Inorganic compounds, including heavy metals like
2785:Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy
2158:Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of
1733:) are typically applied to farmland as commercial
1387:. It is notoriously over-abundant in human sewage
2572:Rob Leeds, Larry C. Brown, Nathan L. Watermeier.
2428:"Iowa Fact Sheet: Agriculture and Water Quality."
2162:today, with polluted runoff from agriculture and
2106:plans to reduce excess application of nutrients.
1383:is a nutrient that occurs in many forms that are
1322:systems. Sediments are also transported into the
1139:Types of nonpoint source water pollution include
3383:. California State Water Resources Control Board
3043:"U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2329"
2574:"Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering."
1466:), so nitrogen stays attached to the soil until
3013:Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model
2906:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
2263:stochastic empirical loading and dilution model
2190:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2109:To minimize pesticide impacts, farmers may use
1450:Nitrogen is most often transported by water as
1234:Overflows of combined storm and sanitary sewers
1225:Runoff and leachate from waste disposal systems
3315:"319 Grant Program for States and Territories"
3245:(Report). EPA. January 2009. EPA 841-R-08-001.
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
1693:. However, not all urban runoff flows through
1222:Wastewater effluent (municipal and industrial)
3669:
3424:
2442:Decline of Submerged Plants in Chesapeake Bay
1274:Other land activities generating contaminants
1029:
8:
2876:Services, Department of Health & Human.
1709:Other significant sources of runoff include
1403:because many forms of phosphorus tend to be
1228:Runoff and infiltration from animal feedlots
3404:US EPA – Nonpoint Source Management Program
3381:"Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program"
2840:(Report). EPA. July 2003. EPA-841-B-03-004.
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2803:(Report). EPA. July 2007. EPA 841-B-07-002.
2576:Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet.
1271:Atmospheric deposition over a water surface
1095:areas draining into a river, or wind-borne
3676:
3662:
3654:
3431:
3417:
3409:
3319:Polluted Runoff: Nonpoint Source Pollution
2817:(Report). EPA. May 2005. EPA 841-B-05-001.
2205:U.S. Clean Water Act provisions for states
1957:Chemicals used for boat maintenance, like
1103:affects air quality, from sources such as
1036:
1022:
926:
49:
29:
2930:
2928:
2709:
2699:
2400:
2355:
1859:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Pollution resulting from multiple sources
3230:"Integrated Pest Management Principles."
2945:
2943:
2783:EGLE (2024). "Nonpoint Source Program".
2422:
2420:
1415:. A common symptom of eutrophication is
1206:
4817:Pollutant release and transfer register
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2294:
1630:Principal sources (for water pollution)
1603:may also be detected in runoff. These
1147:, toxic contaminants and chemicals and
965:
929:
41:
2199:Natural Resources Conservation Service
1210:(modified from Novonty and Olem 1994)
1179:Principal types (for water pollution)
7:
4907:
4148:Electromagnetic radiation and health
3613:Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
3280:"Nonpoint Pollution Control Program"
2920:"Animal Feeding Operations in Iowa."
2732:U.S. Geological Survey. Reston, VA.
2186:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2160:water pollution in the United States
2154:Water pollution in the United States
2113:(IPM) techniques (which can include
2102:. Farmers can develop and implement
1099:blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source
4923:
4915:
4006:Radium and radon in the environment
2487:"3.Turbidity and sediment dynamics"
2463:"3.Turbidity and sediment dynamics"
2430:October 2001. Document No. EDC232a.
264:Radium and radon in the environment
3157:"PHSS HomeA-Z TopicsPrograms/Serv"
2936:https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001259
1529:(PAHs), fire retardants, and many
25:
1980:Agricultural wastewater treatment
1777:) washed off fields is a form of
1622:, contaminated storm sewers, and
1259:Urban runoff from unsewered areas
4941:
4931:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4894:
4893:
3486:Environmental impact of shipping
2951:https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98409
2332:"Water Pollution by Agriculture"
2242:
2228:
1816:
1527:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
1482:Toxic contaminants and chemicals
1003:
991:
3720:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1996:used to retain soil and reduce
1841:check for citation inaccuracies
1514:operations, vehicle emissions,
1486:Toxic chemicals mainly include
1395:in freshwater systems and some
84:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1953:Marinas and boating activities
1897:Forestry and mining operations
953:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
4208:Electrical resistance heating
2853:"What is nutrient pollution?"
1974:Control (for water pollution)
1256:Runoff from pasture and range
1155:, roads and highways, called
424:Electrical resistance heating
3860:Persistent organic pollutant
2734:"A Primer on Water Quality."
2547:"Nonpoint Source Pollution."
2336:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B
2258:Agricultural nutrient runoff
134:Persistent organic pollutant
4870:Least polluted cities by PM
3496:Fish diseases and parasites
2902:"Animal Feeding Operations"
2882:www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
2878:"Chemicals and spray drift"
2787:. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
2764:"Nonpoint Source Pollution"
2215:Coastal Zone Management Act
1876:, emit air pollution via a
1268:Runoff from abandoned mines
4998:
4972:Environmental soil science
4812:Pollution haven hypothesis
4735:Brain health and pollution
3973:Ecological light pollution
3803:Internal combustion engine
3350:"Coastal Nonpoint Program"
2588:"Ocean Shorts: NOAA PORTS"
2173:
2151:
2111:Integrated Pest Management
1977:
1171:from "sheet flow" over an
4967:Agricultural soil science
4891:
4615:Nonpoint source pollution
4535:War and environmental law
3894:Volatile organic compound
3691:
3568:Nonpoint source pollution
3446:
3193:Code 484. September 2008.
2701:10.1186/s13568-014-0051-x
2636:Kladivko, Eileen (2020).
2270:(water quality indicator)
2195:best management practices
1523:polychlorinated biphenyls
679:War and environmental law
299:Health effects from noise
149:Volatile organic compound
4074:Marine mammals and sonar
3985:Radio spectrum pollution
3603:Plastic pellet pollution
3256:Department of Commerce.
2004:Urban and suburban areas
1635:Urban and suburban areas
1624:sanitary sewer overflows
304:Marine mammals and sonar
55:Muddy river polluted by
4920:WikiProject Environment
4878:Most polluted countries
4822:Polluter pays principle
4553:Agricultural wastewater
3471:Cultural eutrophication
3289:. Congressional Record.
2922:Accessed March 5, 2009.
2381:Ecological Applications
2284:Water quality modelling
2274:Surface-water hydrology
2115:biological pest control
2049:Agricultural operations
1721:Agricultural operations
779:Freshwater salinization
699:Agricultural wastewater
4938:Environment portal
4171:Agricultural pollution
3608:Point source pollution
3206:Code 590. August 2006.
3032:, 198 p., with CD–ROM.
2771:National Ocean Service
2736:FS-027-01. March 2001.
2348:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176
2184:as interpreted by the
2166:the primary sources.
2100:atmospheric deposition
2000:
1779:agricultural pollution
1755:atmospheric deposition
1559:Cryptosporidium parvum
1366:
1204:
1077:atmospheric deposition
1069:point source pollution
998:Environment portal
4977:Environmental science
4593:Industrial wastewater
4459:Clutter (advertising)
4367:Municipal solid waste
4213:Soil guideline values
4057:Sustainable transport
3950:Information pollution
3750:Open burning of waste
3111:oceanservice.noaa.gov
3086:oceanservice.noaa.gov
3061:oceanservice.noaa.gov
2857:oceanservice.noaa.gov
2592:oceanservice.noaa.gov
2174:Further information:
2152:Further information:
2024:constructing wetlands
1991:
1359:
1294:(fine particles) and
1191:
1134:building construction
739:Industrial wastewater
507:Municipal solid waste
429:Soil guideline values
4865:Most polluted cities
4558:Biological pollution
4469:Overhead power lines
3618:Silver nanoparticles
3219:Code 595. July 2008.
3180:Code 330. June 2007.
2330:Moss, Brian (2008).
2076:Conservation tillage
2069:crops or installing
1711:habitat modification
1607:are a commonly used
1262:Septic tank leachate
948:Most polluted cities
600:Overhead power lines
4928:WikiProject Ecology
4625:Ocean acidification
4530:Unexploded ordnance
4401:Post-consumer waste
4261:Foam food container
4239:Biodegradable waste
3813:Global distillation
3583:Ocean deoxygenation
3578:Ocean acidification
3278:McCarthy, Carolyn.
3267:. Federal Register.
3159:. Co.thurston.wa.us
2268:Trophic state index
2125:Forestry operations
2104:nutrient management
1891:highway maintenance
1492:inorganic compounds
1212:
1203:during a rain storm
764:Ocean acidification
674:Unexploded ordnance
595:Advertising clutter
527:Post-consumer waste
472:Foam food container
457:Biodegradable waste
114:Global distillation
4948:Ecology portal
4832:Waste minimisation
4807:Industrial ecology
4802:Cleaner production
4620:Nutrient pollution
4497:Herbicidal warfare
4291:Construction waste
3927:Introduced species
3798:Indoor air quality
3725:Chlorofluorocarbon
3573:Nutrient pollution
3466:Aquatic toxicology
3321:. EPA. 2019-12-04.
2908:. EPA. 2018-09-20.
2552:2011-07-27 at the
2250:Environment portal
2039:Washington (state)
2001:
1808:Atmospheric inputs
1367:
1320:water purification
1207:
1205:
1173:agricultural field
1059:refers to diffuse
1010:Ecology portal
635:Herbicidal warfare
179:Introduced species
119:Indoor air quality
89:Chlorofluorocarbon
4954:
4953:
4827:Pollution control
4507:Nuclear holocaust
4416:Thermal treatment
4384:Plastic pollution
4301:Mercury poisoning
4254:Battery recycling
4153:Radioactive waste
3922:Genetic pollution
3917:Biological hazard
3715:Air quality index
3651:
3650:
3506:Friendly Floatees
3131:"Restore Habitat"
2645:Purdue University
2342:(1491): 659–666.
2164:hydromodification
1869:
1868:
1861:
1597:Coliform bacteria
1488:organic compounds
1437:Mississippi River
1393:limiting nutrient
1346:sediment controls
1281:
1280:
1130:road construction
1111:. Although these
1075:, precipitation,
1046:
1045:
981:
980:
647:Nuclear holocaust
570:Urban heat island
384:Radioactive waste
169:Biological hazard
79:Air quality index
18:Non-point sources
16:(Redirected from
4989:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4936:
4935:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4909:
4897:
4896:
4771:Legacy pollution
4630:Oil exploitation
4492:Chemical warfare
4406:Waste management
4313:Industrial waste
4281:Biomedical waste
4249:Electronic waste
4234:Advertising mail
4218:Phytoremediation
4193:Land degradation
3978:Overillumination
3932:Invasive species
3678:
3671:
3664:
3655:
3548:Invasive species
3440:Marine pollution
3433:
3426:
3419:
3410:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3355:. Archived from
3354:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3291:
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2232:
2143:Country examples
2071:riparian buffers
1947:subsurface mines
1864:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1699:sewage treatment
1342:erosion controls
1296:suspended solids
1247:Nonpoint sources
1240:Untreated sewage
1213:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1008:
1007:
1006:
996:
995:
927:
630:Chemical warfare
532:Waste management
492:Industrial waste
467:Electronic waste
452:Advertising mail
434:Phytoremediation
409:Land degradation
349:Depleted uranium
234:Overillumination
184:Invasive species
53:
30:
21:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4982:Water pollution
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4940:
4930:
4887:
4873:
4841:
4790:
4739:
4706:
4645:Pharmaceuticals
4635:Oil exploration
4539:
4511:Nuclear fallout
4478:
4440:
4422:
4396:Packaging waste
4350:Deep sea mining
4276:Hazardous waste
4222:
4203:Open defecation
4157:
4123:Nuclear fallout
4118:Nuclear fission
4094:
4020:
3989:
3960:Electromagnetic
3954:
3938:
3903:
3823:Ozone depletion
3696:
3687:
3682:
3652:
3647:
3643:Water pollution
3558:Mercury in fish
3442:
3437:
3400:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3363:
3359:
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3255:
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3241:
3240:
3236:
3232:March 13, 2008.
3227:
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3197:
3188:
3184:
3175:
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3162:
3160:
3155:
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3150:
3140:
3138:
3137:. 10 April 2018
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2571:
2560:
2554:Wayback Machine
2544:
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2393:10.2307/2641247
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2207:
2182:Clean Water Act
2178:
2172:
2156:
2150:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2055:contour plowing
2051:
2020:porous pavement
2015:Retention ponds
2006:
1986:
1984:Erosion control
1978:Main articles:
1976:
1955:
1927:
1914:
1899:
1886:
1865:
1854:
1848:
1845:
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1817:
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1637:
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1590:Parasitic worms
1566:Giardia lamblia
1547:
1484:
1465:
1457:
1354:
1277:
1245:
1243:
1186:
1181:
1089:water pollution
1049:Nonpoint source
1042:
1004:
1002:
990:
983:
982:
882:
874:
873:
847:
839:
838:
774:Pharmaceuticals
754:Nonpoint source
694:
684:
683:
652:Nuclear fallout
625:
615:
614:
585:
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555:
554:
545:
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522:Packaging waste
487:Hazardous waste
447:
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399:
389:
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359:Nuclear fallout
354:Nuclear fission
334:
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254:
246:
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219:
217:Electromagnetic
209:
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124:Ozone depletion
69:
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28:
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22:
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5:
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4860:Law by country
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4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4682:Surface runoff
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Eutrophication
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4525:Scorched earth
4522:
4519:nuclear winter
4515:nuclear famine
4504:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
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4413:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4360:Uranium mining
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Surface mining
4342:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:Lead poisoning
4293:
4288:
4286:Chemical waste
4283:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4198:Bioremediation
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4113:Bioremediation
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:Transportation
4030:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
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3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Global dimming
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3779:Diesel exhaust
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
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3727:
3722:
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3681:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:Surface runoff
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3526:North Atlantic
3523:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Eutrophication
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3421:
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3407:
3406:
3399:
3398:External links
3396:
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2168:
2149:
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2144:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2050:
2047:
2005:
2002:
1975:
1972:
1954:
1951:
1926:
1923:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1895:
1885:
1884:Highway runoff
1882:
1867:
1866:
1824:
1822:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1759:eutrophication
1722:
1719:
1691:surface waters
1644:suburban areas
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1616:septic systems
1594:
1593:
1587:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1546:
1543:
1483:
1480:
1463:
1455:
1441:Gulf of Mexico
1413:eutrophication
1363:eutrophication
1353:
1350:
1308:aquatic plants
1300:surface runoff
1279:
1278:
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943:Law by country
940:
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814:Surface runoff
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
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751:
746:
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714:Eutrophication
711:
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695:
690:
689:
686:
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669:Scorched earth
666:
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662:Nuclear winter
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414:Bioremediation
411:
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344:Bioremediation
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294:Transportation
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241:Radio spectrum
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136:
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109:Global dimming
106:
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91:
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81:
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65:
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60:
54:
46:
45:
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4726:
4724:
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4716:
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4713:
4709:
4703:
4702:Water quality
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
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4464:Traffic signs
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4457:
4455:
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4451:
4449:
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4414:
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4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4389:Microplastics
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Nanomaterials
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4318:Lead smelting
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
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4168:
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4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Radioactivity
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4090:Noise control
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4058:
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4017:
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3992:
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3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3838:Metal working
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
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3639:
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3611:
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3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:Marine debris
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:South Pacific
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Great Pacific
3514:
3513:
3512:
3511:Garbage patch
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Anoxic waters
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3362:on 2017-05-02
3358:
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3328:
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2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2516:
2515:MSU Extension
2512:
2506:
2503:
2492:
2491:EcoShape - EN
2488:
2482:
2479:
2468:
2467:EcoShape - EN
2464:
2458:
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2279:Water quality
2277:
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2148:United States
2147:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2119:water quality
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:crop residues
2085:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:crop rotation
2060:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2010:Buffer strips
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:buffer strips
1990:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1860:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:This section
1823:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1783:factory farms
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:"spray drift"
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:crop residues
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:precipitation
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:agrochemicals
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1476:tile drainage
1473:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:bottom waters
1429:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:phytoplankton
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1330:Sedimentation
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:Point sources
1215:
1214:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:fertilization
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:air pollution
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:contamination
1058:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1001:
999:
994:
989:
988:
987:
986:
975:
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
878:
877:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
843:
842:
835:
832:
830:
829:Water quality
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
605:Traffic signs
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
584:
579:
578:
571:
568:
567:
564:
559:
558:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Nanomaterials
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
393:
392:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:Radioactivity
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
327:
320:
319:Soundproofing
317:
315:
314:Noise control
312:
310:
309:Noise barrier
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
288:
283:
282:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
239:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
213:
212:
205:
202:
201:
195:
194:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
163:
158:
157:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
68:
63:
62:
58:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4781:Point source
4723:Heavy metals
4697:Urban runoff
4677:Sulfur water
4655:Septic tanks
4614:
4501:Agent Orange
4355:Mining waste
4181:Manure waste
4011:Volcanic ash
3887:Black carbon
3843:Oil refining
3828:Particulates
3757:Construction
3638:Urban runoff
3598:Plastic bags
3567:
3521:Indian Ocean
3456:Anoxic event
3385:. Retrieved
3375:
3364:. Retrieved
3357:the original
3344:
3338:. EPA. 2013.
3327:
3318:
3309:
3295:
3286:
3273:
3264:
3251:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3172:
3161:. Retrieved
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3134:
3125:
3114:. Retrieved
3110:
3100:
3089:. Retrieved
3085:
3075:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3007:
2993:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:
2846:
2809:
2795:
2784:
2779:
2770:
2728:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:
2653:
2644:
2631:
2620:. Retrieved
2618:. 2017-08-02
2615:
2606:
2595:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2519:. Retrieved
2517:. 2013-12-30
2514:
2505:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2446:. Retrieved
2435:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2311:
2297:
2236:Water portal
2212:
2208:
2179:
2157:
2137:
2128:
2108:
2081:
2074:
2052:
2036:
2028:
2007:
1956:
1943:soil erosion
1935:strip mining
1928:
1915:
1900:
1887:
1870:
1855:
1846:
1831:that do not
1827:may contain
1826:
1787:
1763:
1724:
1717:(forestry).
1715:silviculture
1708:
1704:
1687:urban runoff
1685:) is called
1676:
1657:
1638:
1613:
1601:fecal matter
1595:
1592:(helminths).
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1520:
1485:
1449:
1426:
1401:soil erosion
1385:bioavailable
1379:
1368:
1338:construction
1335:
1328:
1324:water column
1282:
1246:
1244:
1216:
1209:
1157:urban runoff
1153:parking lots
1138:
1118:
1093:agricultural
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
917:Point source
862:Heavy metals
824:Urban runoff
809:Sulfur water
784:Septic tanks
753:
640:Agent Orange
550:Space debris
404:Agricultural
269:Volcanic ash
129:Particulates
4751:Area source
4660:Pit latrine
4583:Groundwater
4340:Gold mining
4335:Coal mining
4306:Toxic waste
4271:Green waste
4244:Brown waste
4227:Solid waste
3774:Exhaust gas
3451:Algal bloom
2688:AMB Express
2663:www.nps.gov
2065:, planting
2043:Puget Sound
2031:silt fences
1725:Nutrients (
1695:storm drain
1679:fertilizers
1525:(PCBs) and
1516:fossil fuel
1439:enters the
1290:) includes
1169:storm water
1124:, applying
1105:smokestacks
1073:land runoff
887:Area source
729:Groundwater
482:Green waste
462:Brown waste
446:Solid waste
204:Information
99:Exhaust gas
4961:Categories
4903:by country
4899:Categories
4837:Zero waste
4718:Pollutants
4672:Stagnation
4610:Monitoring
4578:Freshwater
4454:Air travel
4266:Food waste
4186:Pesticides
4176:Herbicides
4080:Industrial
3909:Biological
3769:Demolition
3762:Renovation
3745:Joss paper
3730:Combustion
3623:Stormwater
3476:Cyanotoxin
3387:2019-03-05
3366:2019-03-05
3163:2014-01-14
3116:2024-04-23
3091:2024-04-23
3066:2024-04-23
3002:, p. 3–21.
2887:2024-04-25
2862:2024-04-25
2694:(51): 51.
2668:2024-04-25
2622:2024-04-23
2597:2024-04-23
2521:2024-04-23
2496:2024-04-23
2472:2024-04-23
2448:2017-10-08
2402:1813/60811
2387:(3): 559.
2290:References
2092:irrigation
1878:smokestack
1802:rainstorms
1747:irrigation
1735:fertilizer
1731:phosphorus
1683:pesticides
1583:and other
1573:Salmonella
1445:New Jersey
1435:where the
1381:Phosphorus
1201:fertilizer
1126:pesticides
1113:pollutants
974:By country
966:Categories
857:Pollutants
834:Wastewater
804:Stagnation
749:Monitoring
724:Freshwater
590:Air travel
477:Food waste
419:Defecation
229:Ecological
162:Biological
94:Combustion
33:Part of a
4795:Responses
4766:Garbology
4692:Turbidity
4640:Oil spill
4573:Firewater
4474:Vandalism
4436:Satellite
4133:Poisoning
4128:Plutonium
4108:Actinides
4100:Radiation
3848:Wood dust
3710:Acid rain
3685:Pollution
3633:Upwelling
3588:Oil spill
3563:Microbead
3501:Fish kill
3481:Dead zone
2067:perennial
1874:factories
1849:July 2016
1829:citations
1737:, animal
1609:indicator
1580:Norovirus
1550:Pathogens
1545:Pathogens
1472:interflow
1468:oxidation
1397:estuaries
1375:livestock
1371:landfills
1352:Nutrients
1316:shellfish
1304:turbidity
1149:pathogens
1145:nutrients
1109:tailpipes
1065:pollution
1057:pollution
902:Garbology
819:Turbidity
769:Oil spill
719:Firewater
704:Biosolids
610:Vandalism
369:Poisoning
364:Plutonium
339:Actinides
332:Radiation
74:Acid rain
43:Pollution
4883:Treaties
4855:Diseases
4667:Shipping
4563:Diseases
4411:Landfill
4086:Abstract
4083:Military
4016:Wildfire
3865:Smelting
3833:Asbestos
3593:Particle
3141:19 April
2978:, 160 p.
2965:, 171 p.
2720:25006540
2550:Archived
2366:17666391
2222:See also
2096:wildlife
2059:mulching
1992:Contour
1963:solvents
1912:Forestry
1902:Forestry
1835:the text
1792:to grow
1771:Sediment
1751:wildlife
1727:nitrogen
1652:concrete
1605:bacteria
1428:Nitrogen
1405:adsorbed
1284:Sediment
1184:Sediment
1161:nitrogen
1141:sediment
1120:as lawn
1081:drainage
958:Treaties
938:Diseases
794:Shipping
759:Nutrient
709:Diseases
274:Wildfire
57:sediment
4912:Commons
4687:Thermal
4588:Hypoxia
4372:Garbage
4143:Uranium
3994:Natural
3943:Digital
3875:Aerosol
3853:Welding
3740:Biomass
3735:Biofuel
3694:History
3543:Hypoxia
3287:GovInfo
3265:GovInfo
2711:4077002
2616:Science
2411:2641247
2357:2610176
2134:Marinas
2094:water,
2057:, crop
1998:erosion
1929:Active
1919:erosion
1839:Please
1800:during
1798:erosion
1773:(loose
1749:water,
1648:asphalt
1585:viruses
1508:cadmium
1500:mercury
1460:ammonia
1452:nitrate
1422:hypoxia
1286:(loose
1107:or car
1085:seepage
852:History
734:Hypoxia
563:Thermal
517:Plastic
379:Uranium
253:Natural
198:Digital
174:Genetic
4776:Midden
4756:Debris
4711:Topics
4650:Sewage
4603:debris
4598:Marine
4446:Visual
4330:Mining
4325:Litter
3818:Mining
3303:. EPA.
3215:NRCS.
3202:NRCS.
3189:NRCS.
3135:Marine
3045:105 p.
2718:
2708:
2409:
2364:
2354:
2098:, and
2084:manure
1965:, and
1931:mining
1925:Mining
1906:mining
1833:verify
1790:plowed
1753:, and
1739:manure
1670:, and
1620:sludge
1512:mining
1506:, and
1389:sludge
1193:Runoff
1165:runoff
1097:debris
912:Midden
907:Legacy
892:Debris
846:Topics
799:Sludge
789:Sewage
744:Marine
583:Visual
502:Mining
497:Litter
35:series
4847:Lists
4786:Waste
4728:Paint
4545:Water
4428:Space
4069:Sonar
4064:Urban
4042:Water
4026:Noise
4001:Ozone
3968:Light
3899:Waste
3791:Smoke
3360:(PDF)
3353:(PDF)
3336:(PDF)
3283:(PDF)
3261:(PDF)
3228:EPA.
3019:57 p.
2767:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2407:JSTOR
1959:paint
1794:crops
1662:like
1640:Urban
1533:like
1417:algae
930:Lists
922:Waste
867:Paint
692:Water
544:Space
287:Noise
259:Ozone
224:Light
4761:Dust
4744:Misc
4163:Soil
4052:Rail
4038:Land
3882:Soot
3870:Smog
3786:Haze
3538:GASB
3143:2018
2716:PMID
2362:PMID
1982:and
1967:oils
1904:and
1775:soil
1729:and
1713:and
1681:and
1672:hail
1668:snow
1664:rain
1650:and
1642:and
1599:and
1504:zinc
1496:lead
1490:and
1474:and
1365:(4).
1344:and
1314:and
1312:fish
1292:silt
1288:soil
1199:and
1197:soil
1063:(or
897:Dust
881:Misc
397:Soil
144:Soot
139:Smog
104:Haze
4872:2.5
4484:War
4047:Air
3702:Air
2706:PMC
2696:doi
2397:hdl
2389:doi
2352:PMC
2344:doi
2340:363
1939:ore
1769:.
1535:DDT
1462:(NH
1454:(NO
1195:of
1167:in
1132:or
1053:NPS
623:War
67:Air
4963::
4905:)
4517:-
4513:-
3317:.
3285:.
3263:.
3133:.
3109:.
3084:.
3059:.
3015::
2988:p.
2942:^
2927:^
2904:.
2880:.
2855:.
2823:^
2769:.
2741:^
2714:.
2704:.
2690:.
2686:.
2661:.
2643:.
2614:.
2590:.
2561:^
2530:^
2513:.
2489:.
2465:.
2419:^
2405:.
2395:.
2383:.
2360:.
2350:.
2338:.
2334:.
2121:.
2090:,
2073:.
2061:,
1961:,
1921:.
1761:.
1745:,
1666:,
1626:.
1502:,
1498:,
1373:,
1143:,
1128:,
1083:,
1079:,
1055:)
37:on
4901:(
4521:)
4509:(
4503:)
4499:(
3677:e
3670:t
3663:v
3432:e
3425:t
3418:v
3390:.
3369:.
3166:.
3145:.
3119:.
3094:.
3069:.
2890:.
2865:.
2722:.
2698::
2692:4
2671:.
2647:.
2625:.
2600:.
2556:.
2524:.
2499:.
2475:.
2451:.
2413:.
2399::
2391::
2385:8
2368:.
2346::
1862:)
1856:(
1851:)
1847:(
1843:.
1837:.
1464:3
1456:3
1051:(
1037:e
1030:t
1023:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
