66:
2114:
2183:
2157:, and only targets military and political bodies for that purpose, seeking to render the military proficiency of the enemy irrelevant. Limited conventional warfare tactics can be used unconventionally to demonstrate might and power, rather than to reduce the enemy's ability to fight substantially. In addition to the surgical application of traditional weapons, other armaments that specifically target the military can be used are:
2204:
2223:
instructing his troops in ways inspired by indigenous methods of warfare and ways of living. He emphasized the adoption of indigenous techniques, which prioritized small, mobile and flexible units which used the countryside for cover, in lieu of massed frontal assaults by large formations. Church also pioneered the use of indigenous warriors as auxiliaries to bolster and educate his soldiers. In 1716, his memoirs, entitled
2227:, was published and is considered by some to constitute the first American military manual and first written guide to unconventional warfare. Benjamin Church is sometimes referred to as the father of unconventional warfare. The ideas of Benjamin Church were widely incorporated into warfare by early colonial officers, especially by American colonialists who prevailed in the
2175:, inserted deep behind enemy lines, are used unconventionally to train, equip, and advise locals who oppose their government. They can also spread subversion and propaganda, while they aid native resistance fighters, to ultimately cause a hostile government to capitulate. Tactics focus on destroying military targets while avoiding damage to civilian infrastructure and
2222:
Church developed a special full-time unit mixing white colonists selected for frontier skills with friendly Native
Americans to carry out offensive strikes against hostile Native Americans in terrain where normal militia units were ineffective. Church paid special care to outfitting, supplying and
2137:
There is another type of warfare— new in its intensity, ancient in its origin—war by guerrillas, subversives, insurgents, assassins; war by ambush instead of by combat, by infiltration instead of aggression, seeking victory by eroding and exhausting the enemy instead of engaging him. It preys on
2218:
Between the 17th and 18th centuries, there were wars between
American colonists and Native American tribes. Benjamin Church designed his force primarily to emulate Native American patterns of war. Toward this end, Church endeavored to learn to fight like Native Americans from Native Americans.
2257:
Using soft power methods, to target civilians instead of military units, however had begun earlier, particularly as a strategy for use against
Republics. These were developed as a tool of national socialism, or neo-liberalism, and evolved into other doctrines.
2194:
defines unconventional warfare as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area.
2148:
2247:
changed forever philosophies of conventional warfare, and the necessity to conceal authorship of actions by hostile states. The age of asymmetric, or unconventional warfare & terrorism had begun.
2219:
Americans became rangers exclusively under the tutelage of the Native
American allies. (Until the end of the colonial period, rangers depended on Native Americans as both allies and teachers.)
2467:
2702:
Carroll's study, forwarded to Draper on 24 February 1949, recommended that a separate "unit" be established to take charge of the Army's psychological warfare responsibilities.
2713:
republicanism. . . offered new conceptions of the individual, the family, the state, and the individual's relationship to the family, the state, and other individuals.
2684:
Second, and equal in importance to the first, we must have trained men in every part of our own country ready and able to meet disorder, sabotage, and even invasion.
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There is an overlap in the world of
Corporate Security & Defense Contracting where these models have extended to the field of
2394:
1524:
1507:
1869:
1294:
114:
1633:
2780:
2765:
Intervention decisions: The value of flexibility. White paper report prepared for the 1994 CIA Threat
Management Conference
2133:
Aside from the earlier definition of warfare that is not conventional, unconventional warfare has also been described as:
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1497:
1987:
446:
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1997:
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942:
790:
2110:. This is typically done to avoid escalation into conventional warfare as well as international conventions.
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2304:
1975:
1957:
1713:
1272:
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1139:
1019:
732:
395:
274:
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2319:
2265:. One of the first instances of Unconventional Warfare techniques against civilians was documented by the
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1817:
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892:
810:
762:
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456:
249:
153:
2796:
Instruments of
Statecraft: U.S. Guerrilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency, and Counterterrorism, 1940–1990
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1822:
1724:
1581:
1576:
1394:
1359:
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104:
2664:, vol. 278, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, p. 126-136
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US Army
Special Warfare, Its Origins: Psychological and Unconventional Warfare, 1941-1952
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referred to as "the next kind of war- technological war, machine war, or atomic war."
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2012:
2002:
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109:
2668:
United States, President's
Advisory Commission on Universal Training (29 May 1947),
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2498:"U.S. Army Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Training Manual November 2010"
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2070:) is broadly defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than
2679:
2153:
Unconventional warfare targets the civilian population psychologically to
2757:
Catalytic model of issues management. In
Encyclopedia of public relations
2176:
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1884:
1517:
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military resupply are used to decrease the morale of government forces.
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2149:
Unconventional warfare (United States Department of Defense doctrine)
1426:
822:
639:
375:
2614:
The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814
2250:
One of the first references is in "Manpower and Atomic War," which
2584:"Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms"
2181:
2121:
2112:
2083:
897:
433:
428:
2639:"Timeline of the Office of Strategic Services (Record Group 226)"
2214:, father of unconventional warfare, American Ranging, and Rangers
173:
168:
2729:, vol. 9, Zeitschrift fĂĽr Sozialforschung, p. 440-455
46:
2516:"The Rise of the Present Unconventional Character of Warfare"
2468:"The Rise of the Present Unconventional Character of Warfare"
2791:
Unconventional Warfare: Definitions from 1950 to the Present
2186:
Unconventional warfare structure by guerrilla organizations.
2759:, vol. 1, SAGE Publications, Inc., p. 101
2709:
Classical republicanism and the American Revolution
2674:, Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., p. 14,
2427:"Unconventional Warfare: A Historical Perspective"
2742:The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization
2786:goarmy.com/special_forces/unconventional_warfare
2617:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 33–35.
2225:Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War
2606:
2604:
2044:
8:
2051:
2037:
36:
2567:
2557:
2542:"The Evolution of Unconventional Warfare"
2546:Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies
2202:
1010:List of military strategies and concepts
2417:
44:
2711:, vol. 13, Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 66,
2434:National Institute for Defense Studies
32:Unconventional warfare (United States)
7:
2727:Is National Socialism a new order?
30:For the US military doctrine, see
25:
2781:Allied war terminology (File #5a)
2801:Pentagon plans cyber-insect army
2466:Fowler, Mike (4 November 2019).
2395:Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)
64:
27:Opposite of conventional warfare
2744:, London: Routledge & Kegan
2671:A program for national security
2660:Fitzpatrick, Edward A. (1951),
2540:Kilcullen, David (2019-06-20).
1:
2725:Pollock, Frederick (1941),
1508:Military–industrial complex
982:Operational manoeuvre group
2832:
2169:, or other such weapons.
2146:
2078:forces or actions such as
29:
2300:Fourth generation warfare
1572:Loss-of-strength gradient
424:Combat information center
2707:Wood, Gordon S. (1990),
2696:Paddock Jr., Alfred H.,
2425:Nagao, Yuichiro (2001).
2405:U.S. Army Special Forces
2143:Methods and organization
1890:Military science fiction
1375:Technology and equipment
791:List of military tactics
2662:Manpower and Atomic War
2378:US & NATO specific:
2363:Total Resistance (book)
2305:Full-spectrum dominance
2208:Colonel Benjamin Church
1958:Wartime sexual violence
1714:Full-spectrum dominance
1525:Supply-chain management
18:Nonconventional warfare
2611:Grenier, John (2005).
2325:New generation warfare
2320:Low intensity conflict
2215:
2187:
2140:
2125:
2064:Unconventional warfare
1870:Awards and decorations
1843:Peace through strength
1818:Low-intensity conflict
1452:Conscientious objector
1325:Area of responsibility
2569:1959.4/unsworks_67429
2340:Psychological warfare
2267:La Follette Committee
2210:(1639–1718) from the
2206:
2192:Department of Defense
2185:
2147:Further information:
2135:
2116:
457:Torpedo data computer
447:Ship gun fire-control
2740:Mayo, Elton (1966),
2370:Unrestricted Warfare
2155:win hearts and minds
2072:conventional warfare
1988:Military occupations
1823:Military engineering
1725:Unrestricted Warfare
1582:Force multiplication
475:Military manoeuvrers
2520:The Strategy Bridge
2472:The Strategy Bridge
2438:Ministry of Defense
2351:Six-legged Soldiers
2345:Resistance movement
2330:Partisan (military)
2285:Counterintelligence
2118:Soviet Armed Forces
1674:Penal military unit
1659:Rules of engagement
1335:Command and control
955:Operations research
419:Director (military)
409:Fire-control system
159:Command and control
40:Part of a series on
2589:. pp. JP 1-02
2478:on 6 November 2019
2390:Project Eldest Son
2310:Irregular military
2290:Gerasimov Doctrine
2280:Asymmetric warfare
2252:Edward Fitzpatrick
2243:The advent of the
2216:
2188:
2167:incendiary devices
2126:
1783:Counter-insurgency
1704:Command of the sea
1649:Jewish laws on war
1624:Geneva Conventions
1160:Divide and conquer
950:Military operation
915:Tactical objective
414:Fire-control radar
391:Electronic-warfare
2624:978-1-139-44470-5
2447:on 16 August 2022
2335:Political warfare
2315:Irregular warfare
2229:Revolutionary War
2120:members instruct
2108:guerrilla warfare
2061:
2060:
1953:Horses in warfare
1900:Anti-war movement
1803:Gunboat diplomacy
1793:Disaster response
1741:Philosophy of war
1736:Principles of war
1709:Deterrence theory
1654:Right of conquest
1577:Lanchester's laws
1345:Principles of war
1035:Counter-offensive
1015:Military campaign
920:Target saturation
843:Counterinsurgency
452:Gun data computer
386:Close air support
348:Aircraft carriers
16:(Redirected from
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2767:
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2716:
2715:
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2648:
2646:
2641:. 15 August 2016
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2559:10.31374/sjms.35
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2530:
2528:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2504:. March 3, 2011.
2494:
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2487:
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2483:
2474:. Archived from
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2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2440:. Archived from
2431:
2422:
2385:Operation Gladio
2053:
2046:
2039:
1808:Humanitarian aid
1746:Security dilemma
1567:Power projection
1350:Economy of force
1330:Chain of command
1045:Defence in depth
1030:Commerce raiding
848:Defeat in detail
164:Defense ministry
68:
59:
58:
49:
37:
21:
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2826:
2825:
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2820:
2816:Warfare by type
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2763:de Becker, G.,
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2409:
2400:Reagan Doctrine
2375:
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2263:Risk assessment
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2212:Plymouth Colony
2201:
2163:nuclear weapons
2151:
2145:
2131:
2057:
2028:
2027:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1933:
1925:
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1865:
1855:
1854:
1828:Multilateralism
1813:Law enforcement
1773:
1763:
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1731:Just war theory
1689:
1679:
1678:
1629:Geneva Protocol
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1589:
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1195:Network-centric
1115:
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1007:
997:
996:
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883:Rapid dominance
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733:Electromagnetic
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480:Combat training
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404:Combat systems:
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358:Auxiliary ships
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2775:External links
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2755:Heath, R. L.,
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2173:Special Forces
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2074:" and may use
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1113:Grand strategy
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1100:Scorched earth
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972:Deep operation
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773:Unconventional
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721:
719:Disinformation
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315:Special forces
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93:Post-classical
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26:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
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1991:
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1881:
1880:Warrior caste
1878:
1876:
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1868:
1867:
1864:
1859:
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1851:
1850:Show of force
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Peacebuilding
1836:
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1694:Air supremacy
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1635:
1634:Islamic rules
1632:
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1614:Court-martial
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1513:Arms industry
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1131:
1130:Broken-backed
1128:
1126:
1123:
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1118:
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1000:
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988:
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968:
967:Expeditionary
965:
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869:
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861:
859:
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854:
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849:
846:
844:
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839:
838:Counterattack
836:
834:
831:
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826:
824:
821:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
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782:
781:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Psychological
761:
759:
756:
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751:
749:
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741:
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736:
734:
731:
729:
725:
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715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
699:Combined arms
697:
695:
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688:
685:
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583:
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576:
573:
572:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Fortification
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
520:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
498:
497:
494:
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478:
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473:
471:
468:
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463:
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458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
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443:
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439:
435:
432:
430:
427:
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420:
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412:
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407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
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392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
354:
353:Landing craft
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
318:
316:
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233:
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228:
227:
223:
219:
218:Standing army
216:
214:
211:
209:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
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180:
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151:
148:
143:
142:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
116:
113:
111:
110:pike and shot
108:
107:
106:
103:
99:
96:
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94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
77:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
48:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2726:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2633:
2613:
2591:. Retrieved
2578:
2552:(1): 61–71.
2549:
2545:
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2522:. 2019-11-04
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:the original
2471:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2433:
2420:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2361:
2349:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2231:against the
2224:
2221:
2217:
2189:
2171:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2067:
2063:
2062:
1963:Fifth column
1943:War resister
1938:Women in war
1833:Peacekeeping
1778:Arms control
1723:
1412:Mobilization
1407:Conscription
1365:Intelligence
1318:Organization
959:
888:Encirclement
772:
768:Radiological
704:Conventional
558:Subterranean
465:Development:
464:
441:
403:
365:
328:Naval units:
327:
320:Signal corps
287:
250:Intelligence
230:Specialties:
229:
154:Organization
105:Early modern
2700:, Minerva,
2129:Description
2124:insurgents.
1948:War studies
1771:Non-warfare
1699:Appeasement
1664:Martial law
1503:War economy
1442:Transgender
1395:Recruitment
1155:Containment
1040:Culminating
1020:Anti-access
943:Operational
863:Envelopment
806:Air assault
687:Air cavalry
647:Air defence
627:Information
528:Cold-region
493:Battlespace
442:Historical:
288:Land units:
194:Space force
189:Coast guard
122:Late modern
83:Prehistoric
2666:Also see:
2526:2024-05-15
2412:References
2245:Atomic Age
2239:Atomic Age
2177:blockading
2159:airstrikes
2104:propaganda
2096:biowarfare
2080:subversion
2008:War crimes
1998:Operations
1905:Foot drill
1875:Battle cry
1788:deterrence
1447:Harassment
1422:Specialism
1245:Technology
1240:Succession
1185:Liberation
1120:Asymmetric
1055:Empty fort
961:Blitzkrieg
930:Withdrawal
893:Investment
672:Camouflage
667:Biological
605:Underwater
580:Amphibious
499:Aerospace
366:Air units:
343:Submarines
132:fourth-gen
127:industrial
115:napoleonic
2645:August 7,
2502:U.S. ARMY
2482:18 August
2451:18 August
2357:Terrorism
2190:The U.S.
2100:sanctions
2092:espionage
2084:diversion
1895:War novel
1798:Grey-zone
1758:War games
1719:Overmatch
1669:War crime
1619:Desertion
1609:Ceasefire
1604:Armistice
1491:Logistics
1469:Mercenary
1457:Volunteer
1388:Personnel
1360:Engineers
1305:Sociology
1260:World war
1255:Total war
1235:Strategic
1225:Religious
1210:Political
1205:Perpetual
1180:Irregular
1095:Offensive
1070:Defensive
1065:Deception
1025:Attrition
873:Guerrilla
868:Formation
811:Airbridge
743:Loitering
657:Artillery
310:Artillery
245:Engineers
208:Irregular
179:Air force
2810:Category
2273:See also
2138:unrest.
2088:sabotage
1910:War song
1885:War film
1518:Materiel
1437:Children
1417:Training
1355:Medicine
1340:Doctrine
1295:Training
1230:Resource
1215:Princely
1165:Economic
1150:Conquest
1145:Colonial
1140:Cold war
1125:Blockade
1005:Strategy
977:Maneuver
738:Infantry
694:Chemical
548:Mountain
508:Airborne
371:Fighters
338:Warships
293:Infantry
235:Rifleman
199:Reserves
147:Military
2593:25 June
2199:History
2023:Writers
2018:Weapons
1983:Battles
1932:Related
1920:Wargame
1915:Uniform
1863:Culture
1644:Perfidy
1639:Justice
1560:Science
1545:Outpost
1498:History
1478:Warrior
1474:Soldier
1462:foreign
1400:counter
1300:Service
1250:Theater
1190:Limited
1170:Endemic
1085:Nuclear
853:Foxhole
828:Cavalry
816:Airdrop
801:Airlift
786:Tactics
758:Nuclear
748:Missile
677:Cavalry
662:Barrage
640:Weapons
600:Surface
381:Command
376:Bombers
333:Frogman
303:Cavalry
260:Medical
222:Militia
204:Regular
184:Marines
98:castles
88:Ancient
76:History
55:outline
2680:500618
2678:
2621:
2076:covert
2003:Sieges
1687:Theory
1427:Morale
1285:Policy
1280:Branch
1060:Mosaic
1050:Fabian
992:Covert
925:Trench
910:Screen
833:Charge
823:Battle
796:Aerial
714:Denial
682:Horses
610:Seabed
563:Tunnel
543:Jungle
533:Desert
503:Aerial
270:Diving
265:Police
2587:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2430:(PDF)
2122:SWAPO
1976:Lists
1432:Women
1370:Ranks
1290:Staff
1220:Proxy
1135:Class
1090:Naval
1075:Depth
905:Swarm
898:Siege
878:Naval
858:Drone
753:Music
728:Robot
724:Drone
709:Cyber
652:Armor
622:Cyber
595:Green
590:Brown
553:Urban
513:Space
434:Radar
429:Sonar
298:Armor
280:Pilot
275:Comms
255:Recon
240:Staff
213:Ranks
2676:OCLC
2647:2021
2619:ISBN
2595:2019
2484:2022
2453:2022
2013:Wars
1530:Base
1080:Goal
987:Raid
585:Blue
523:Land
174:Navy
169:Army
2564:hdl
2554:doi
2106:or
1597:Law
1540:FOB
1535:MOB
575:Sea
47:War
2812::
2761:;
2705:;
2682:,
2603:^
2562:.
2548:.
2544:.
2518:.
2500:.
2470:.
2436:.
2432:.
2269:.
2235:.
2165:,
2161:,
2102:,
2098:,
2094:,
2090:,
2086:,
2082:,
2068:UW
1476:/
726:/
220:/
206:/
2649:.
2627:.
2597:.
2572:.
2566::
2556::
2550:2
2529:.
2486:.
2455:.
2066:(
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
57:)
53:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
