Nonhuman Rights Project - Knowledge (XXG)

463: purposes does not, however, end the inquiry, as the writ has over time gained increasing use given its great flexibility and vague scope. While petitioner proffers various justifications for affording chimpanzees, such as Tommy, the liberty rights protected by such writ, the ascription of rights has historically been connected with the imposition of societal obligations and duties. Reciprocity between rights and responsibilities stems from principles of social contract, which inspired the ideals of freedom and democracy at the core of our system of government. Under this view, society extends rights in exchange for an express or implied agreement from its members to submit to social responsibilities. In other words, rights are connected to moral agency and the ability to accept societal responsibility in exchange for those rights. ... Needless to say, unlike human beings, chimpanzees cannot bear any legal duties, submit to societal responsibilities or be held legally accountable for their actions. In our view, it is this incapability to bear any legal responsibilities and societal duties that renders it inappropriate to confer upon chimpanzees the legal rights — such as the fundamental right to liberty protected by the writ of 493:

habeas corpus to move from a place of stark imprisonment to another place of vastly more freedom. (The NhRP is demanding that Kiko be moved from his solitary caged confinement to the spacious sanctuary of Save the Chimps in Fort Pierce, Florida, where he will live his life on a semi-tropical island surrounded by dozens of other chimpanzees.) Every single one of the eight cases cited by the Fourth Department concerns a human prisoner convicted of a crime using a writ of habeas corpus for some other purpose other than seeking immediate release from prison. The Fourth Department's decision treats Kiko as if he were a human prisoner convicted of a crime and ignores numerous cases spread over 200 years involving humans who were NOT prisoners convicted of a crime successfully using a writ of habeas corpus to move from one place to another. The NhRP will therefore be asking the Fourth Department for leave to file an appeal to the Court of Appeals within the next week. If the Fourth Department says "no," we will ask the Court of Appeals itself for leave to appeal.

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Because this order was titled as ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE & WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS it immediately made the headlines around the world as granting the right to liberty to the chimpanzees. "Justice Recognizes Two Chimpanzees as Legal Persons, Grants them Writ of Habeas Corpus" was the headline of NhRP's breaking news post on its website. Because of the global headlines, Justice Jaffe's order was amended and refiled with the phrase WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS manually crossed out. It is likely that this was done to make it clear that the order was granted only to allow a hearing for an evaluation of arguments made in NhRP's petition. The next day NhRP updated its posting stating that "the Order does not necessarily mean that the Court has declared that the two chimpanzees, Hercules and Leo, are legal persons for the purpose of an Article 70 common law writ of habeas corpus proceeding."

592:. The NhRP, while acknowledging that the orcas might be considered slaves according to common usage of the term, vehemently opposed the lawsuit on the grounds that it was strategically misguided and counter-productive; the NhRP's critique highlighted the existence of differing strategies for achieving rights and protections for nonhuman animals. "The claim that an orca is enslaved within the meaning of the Thirteenth Amendment is unlikely even to receive a single vote from a federal appellate court in 2011," Wise wrote on the NhRP's website. "It is unthinkable that the present United States Supreme Court would agree." In January 2012, the presiding judge, the Hon. Richard Miller, granted permission to the NhRP to appear in the case as an 361:

why Hercules and Leo should be not be released and transferred to the Save the Chimps sanctuary. Because the order's title included the phrase "WRIT TO HABEAS CORPUS" it made headlines around the world and was misinterpreted as granting the right to liberty to a chimpanzee. Justice Jaffe's order was amended and refiled with the phrase WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS manually crossed out. A hearing was held on May 27 and on July 29, 2015, Justice Jaffe issued an order denying Hercules and Leo's petition. Because the petition was reviewed as well as the reasoning in the decision, NhRP considered it to be a "one giant leap for the Nonhuman Rights Project in its fight for the fundamental rights of nonhuman animals."

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consideration. As Justice Kennedy aptly observed in Lawrence v. Texas (the 2003 gay rights case that struck down a state sodomy statute), albeit in a different context, "times can blind us to certain truths and later generations can see that laws once though necessary and proper in fact serve only to oppress. The pace may be accelerating (citing the recent gay marriage case "granting the right to marry to same sex couples and acknowledging that institution of marriage has evolved over time notwithstanding its ancient origin"). For now, however, given the precedent to which I am bound, it is hereby ORDERED, that the petition for a writ of habeas corpus is denied.

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in relevant decisions of between the First Department and the Fourth Department where Tommy's case was decided, Justice Jaffe relied on the Third District's Tommy decision. That appellate court ruled that a chimpanzee could not be considered a person with the right to liberty because there is no precedent for such a decision, and that rights cannot be granted without social responsibilities. She further stated that even if she was not bound by the Third Department decision in Tommy it should be up to the legislature or higher courts given their role in setting government policy.

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fundamental right to bodily liberty and transfer to an elephant sanctuary. Shortly after, Happy became the first elephant in the world to be granted a habeas corpus hearing to determine the lawfulness of her imprisonment. The lower court heard several days of arguments relating to Happy's rights, but the trial court “regrettably” denied the petition on technical grounds. The Court of Appeals agreed to hear arguments regarding whether Happy, an elephant and an autonomous nonhuman animal should be released pursuant to habeas corpus.

5837: 506: 404: is not a synonym for a human being, but instead refers to an entity with a capacity to possess legal rights. It emphasized that there are no necessary conditions for determining that an entity is a legal person, and that going back to the 18th century there have been cases granting legal rights to non human entities such as corporations. NhRP argued that the fact that a chimpanzee is not a human being should not prevent the argument that it is a legal person with a habeas corpus right to liberty. 302:; Somerset was subsequently freed. NhRP argues that it was the first time a human slave was considered to be a person and who was allowed to petition for and be granted the writ for habeas corpus. The decision was made even though there was no precedent that it relied on. The NhRP views the writ of habeas corpus as a powerful form of redress for the denial of their plaintiffs' right to bodily liberty. Commenting on the importance of the Somerset case to the NhRP in a 2014 article by 413:, autonomy and self-determination are the human qualities that are intended to be protected by the writ of habeas corpus. And because chimpanzees are now known to possess the same qualities, the habeas corpus right to liberty should be expanded to the chimpanzee species. More than thirty pages of the petition were devoted to going over chimpanzee evolutionary development, neurology, social practices and complex cognition. NhRP argued that a chimpanzee possesses qualities such as: 484:. NhRP argued that the issue of whether or not Kiko actually desired to be released was regularly resolved in cases dealing with autonomous and self-determining human beings who at that time are incompetent or are too young to make those decisions. When asked which one of those grounds is most similar to the circumstances of this petition, NhRP replied that a chimpanzee is more akin to a child near the age of five rather than a mentally disabled adult. 6085: 5638: 330:, for example, is opposed to legal personhood for nonhuman animals on the basis that the law grants humans special status not because of their intelligence but out of "a moral intuition deeper than any reason that could be given for it and impervious to any reason that you or anyone could give against it." Attorney and Pepperdine Professor of Law Richard Cupp has argued that 418:

engage in mental time travel, intentional action, sequential learning, mediational learning, mental state modeling, visual perspective-taking, cross-modal perception, their ability to understand cause-and-effect, the experiences of others, to imagine, imitate, engage in deferred imitation, emulate, to innovate and to make and use tools.

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that are done to this chimpanzee because I understand what you're saying. You make a very strong argument. However, I do not agree with the argument only insofar as Article 70 applies to chimpanzees. Good luck with your venture. I'm sorry I can't sign the order, but I hope you continue. As an animal lover, I appreciate your work.

655:(ACE) named NhRP one of its Standout Charities in its 2015 and 2016 annual charity recommendations. ACE designates as Standout Charities those organizations which they do not feel are as strong as their Top Charities, but which excel in at least one way and are exceptionally strong compared to animal charities in general. 609:

an unusual level of importance. When you litigate in a novel area, you want to begin with your strongest suits in the most favorable jurisdictions. The rule for the Nonhuman Rights Project is: Win big and, if we must lose, lose small. PETA had virtually no chance of even winning small and a tremendous chance of losing big.

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Sometimes it's better to do nothing than to do something harmful. The problem with the PETA suit is that it was doomed from the beginning, and we in the Nonhuman Rights Project immediately recognized that. When you study legal process you learn that the first cases in a new area often tend to take on

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Your impassioned representations to the Court are quite impressive. The Court will not entertain the application, will not recognize a chimpanzee as a human or as a person who can seek a writ of habeas corpus under Article 70. I will be available as the judge for any other lawsuit to right any wrongs

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According to the NhRP's website, the mission of the Nonhuman Rights Project is, through education and litigation, to change the common law status of at least some nonhuman animals from mere "things", which lack the capacity to possess any legal right, to "persons", who possess such fundamental rights

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Among the NhRP's strengths, according to ACE, is the fact that it is the only organization they know of directly working towards legal personhood for animals, which "could be the most promising avenue for the proper consideration of nonhuman animals in our society." The NhRP has also garnered public

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On June 14, 2022, New York State Court of Appeals ruled 5-2 that elephants have no constitutional rights, with Chief Judge Janet DiFiore writing in the majority decision, “nothing in our precedent or, in fact, that of any other state or federal court, provides support for the notion that the writ of

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NhRP also filed an appeal to Hercules and Leo's lower court decision. On April 3, 2014 the appeal was denied by the Second Appellate Department in Brooklyn, this dismissal was based on a technicality and NhRP's briefs were not considered. On March 19, 2015, NhRP was allowed to refile the petition at

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the possession of an autobiographical self, episodic memory, self-determination, self-consciousness, self-knowing, self-agency, referential and intentional communication, empathy, a working memory, language, metacognition, numerosity, and material, social and symbolic culture, their ability to plan,

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All of the petitions were rejected. On March 19, 2015, the case of Hercules and Leo was refiled, and on April 20, 2015, Justice Barbara Jaffe issued an Order to Show Cause and Writ of Habeas Corpus. A hearing was scheduled at which the State University of New York at Stoney Brook was ordered to show

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following the organization's first lawsuits, Cupp said, "The courts would have to dramatically expand existing common law for the cases to succeed." In response, the NhRP argues that an animal welfare approach is insufficient and ineffective in terms of ending the practice of keeping chimpanzees and

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On May 27, a hearing was held for the purposes of the initial evaluation of Hercules and Leo's Petitions. Justice Jaffe's ruling was entered on July 29, 2015. In her ruling Justice Jaffe stated that in making her decision she was obliged to follow the ruling of a higher court. Because of a conflict

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The judge in Kiko's Fourth district case, the Hon. Ralph A. Boniello III, also held a hearing, denying the NhRP's petition on the grounds that Kiko is not a person for purposes of habeas corpus and stating that he did not want to be the first "to make that leap of faith." The judge in Hercules' and

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illegally imprisoned or otherwise restrained with his liberty within the state ... may petition without notice for a writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the cause of such detention and for deliverance." In order for their petitions to be considered, NhRP had to first show that the chimpanzees are

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The NhRP's New York plaintiffs were Tommy, a privately owned chimpanzee living in a cage in a shed on a used trailer lot in Gloversville, NY; Kiko, a privately owned chimpanzee living on private property in Niagara Falls, NY; and Hercules and Leo, two chimpanzees owned by New Iberia Research Center

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Armed with affidavits from scientists, including Jane Goodall, about chimps' capacities, will argue that their plaintiff deserves a right to liberty, and that its captivity is a violation of that right. Win or lose, they plan to bring more habeas petitions on behalf of other animals, hoping to win

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Efforts to extend legal rights to chimpanzees are thus understandable; some day they may even succeed. Courts, however, are slow to embrace change, and occasionally seem reluctant to engage in bolder, more inclusive interpretations of the law, if only to the modest extent of affording them greater

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On April 20, 2015, Justice Barbara Jaffe issued an Order To Show Cause & Writ of Habeas Corpus. A hearing was scheduled at which the State University of New York at Stoney Brook was ordered to show why Hercules and Leo should be not be released and transferred to the Save the Chimps sanctuary.

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On January 2, 2015, the appellate court issued its decision, denying the petition on the grounds that "habeas corpus does not lie where a petitioner seeks only to change the conditions of confinement rather than the confinement itself. We therefore conclude that habeas corpus does not lie herein."

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in nonhuman animals. Its sustained strategic litigation campaign has been developed primarily by a team of attorneys, legal experts, and volunteer law students who have conducted extensive research into relevant legal precedents. The NhRP filed its first lawsuits in December 2013 on behalf of four

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Even though the petition was denied, NhRP interpreted Justice Jaffe's decision as a victory. In his posting titled "That's One Small Step for a Judge, One Giant Leap for the Nonhuman Rights Project", Wise emphasized the fact that Justice Jaffe agreed with NhRP when finding that "'persons' are not

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Yesterday the Fourth Department ignored both the Second Department and the Third Department. It threw out Kiko's case not because the NhRP had no right to appeal and, significantly, not because Kiko could not be a "person." It was, the court wrote, because not even a human being can use a writ of

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The NhRP also appealed the lower court's decision in Kiko's case. Like Tommy's, Kiko's appeal was also granted and oral argument took place on December 2, 2014 before the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division, Fourth Department in Rochester, NY. At Kiko's hearing the two main issues were: how

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A legal person is not synonymous with a human being. A legal person is an entity that the legal system considers important enough so that it is visible and interests certain kinds of rights. I often ask my students: 'You tell me, why should a human have fundamental rights?' There's not a single

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Despite the ruling in its favor, the university released an official statement that it would no longer conduct scientific studies on Hercules and Leo. An appeal was filed in August 2015, however that December Stony Brook transferred the chimpanzees back the New Iberia Research Center, ending the

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This case is the first time in history the highest court of any English-speaking jurisdiction agreed to hear a habeas corpus case brought on behalf of someone other than a human being. In 2018, the NhRP brought a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on Happy’s behalf, seeking recognition of her

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The NhRP appealed the lower court's decision in Tommy's case. The appeal was granted and oral argument took place on October 8, 2014 before the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Judicial Department in Albany, NY. The hearing received significant media attention. On December 5, 2014, the

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and loaned to the Anatomy Department at Stony Brook University for use in locomotion research. In response to the lawsuit, Tommy's owner, Patrick Lavery, defended the chimpanzee's living conditions: "He's really got it good. He's got a lot of enrichment. He's got color TV, cable and a stereo."

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The NhRP filed its first lawsuits on December 2, 2013, in New York State on behalf of four captive chimpanzees, demanding that the courts grant them the right to bodily liberty via the writ of habeas corpus and to immediately send them to a sanctuary affiliated with the North American Primate

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appellate court issued its ruling. In its decision the court confirmed the earlier ruling that there is no precedent for finding that an animal could be thought of as a person. It further reasoned that in accordance with the social contract one's rights cannot come without obligations:

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On September 1, 2015, NhRP's requests to file appeals to the highest court in Tommy's and Kiko's cases were denied. On December 2, 2015 NhRP refiled Tommy's petition in the First Department in Manhattan, New York City, the same district as the one where Justice Jaffe issued her ruling.

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allows an individual to assert one's right to liberty and demand for release from unlawful imprisonment. The right to file the writ is protected in the US Constitution under Article 1, Section 9, and in New York State it is to be filed under article 70 which states that "a

596:(or Friend of the Court) to, as Wise said, "ensure that the orcas' best interests are being properly represented, that their legal status is advanced, and that an unfavorable ruling inflicts the least possible harm on the development of an animal rights jurisprudence." 277:

enough small victories to lay a foundation of precedent for animal personhood. It's unlikely to be a quick and easy fight, but Wise says he accepts that he's in the animal-personhood game for the long haul. "This is a long-term, strategic, open-ended campaign," he says.

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attention with their cases, which has plausibly helped the animal advocacy cause. ACE states as a weakness NhRP's focus on certain cognitively complex animals, and uncertainty about whether the NhRP's activities will eventually expand to larger groups of animals.

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In February 2012, the case was dismissed. The judge wrote in his ruling that "the only reasonable interpretation of the Thirteenth Amendment's plain language is that it applies to persons, and not to non-persons such as orcas." In an interview with the blog

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All three petitions where denied on the grounds that the chimpanzees were not persons and thus the issues in the petitions would not be considered. In an hour long hearing regarding Tommy's Third District case, the Hon. Joseph Sise stated that:

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To educate the courts, the legal profession, the media, and the public about the state of current knowledge about the cognition of those nonhuman animals who are, or who might be, plaintiffs in the Nonhuman Rights Project's

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as bodily integrity and bodily liberty and those other legal rights to which evolving standards of morality, scientific discovery, and human experience entitle them. To advance this mission, the NhRP's specific goals are:

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1. To have the chimpanzees recognized as human-like beings with a common law right to liberty, specifically, to be recognized as autonomous and self-determining beings that cannot be legally considered as property. and

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Leo's Second District case, the Hon. W. Gerard Asher, did not hold a hearing, writing in a decision that he was denying the petition for habeas corpus on the basis that chimpanzees are not considered legal persons.

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restricted to human beings, and that who is a 'person' is not a question of biology, but of public policy and principle." He finished by quoting the last paragraph of Justice Jaffe's decision:

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could it be determined that a chimpanzee actually wanted to be released, and could a transfer to another location be considered as a release from confinement, the purpose of the writ of

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NhRP emphasized that it was not seeking a granting of human rights for its plaintiffs but only a narrow expansion of the right to bodily liberty protected by the writ of habeas corpus.

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To persuade US state high courts to increase the number of legal rights of any nonhuman animal who is declared to be a legal person to the degree to which it should be entitled.

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laws should be sufficient for ensuring the well-being of captive nonhuman animals and that the NhRP's strategy is unnecessarily extreme. In an interview with James Gorman of

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Chimpanzees are not people, no matter how they are dressed up for commercials, but perhaps they are close enough that they deserve some of the same rights humans have.

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To persuade US state high courts to declare that appropriate nonhuman animals possess the capacities for legal rights and to extend legal rights to them accordingly.

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To persuade a United States state high court to declare that a specific nonhuman animal is a legal person who possesses the capacity for a specific legal right.

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that the Nonhuman Rights Project was expanding its work into other countries, beginning in Switzerland, Argentina, England, Spain, Portugal, and Australia.

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To educate the legal profession and judiciary about the legal, social, historical and political justice of the Nonhuman Rights Project's arguments.

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On December 18, 2014, the NhRP announced that it had filed a motion for permission to appeal to New York's highest court, the Court of Appeals.

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other cognitively complex nonhuman animals in captivity and also does nothing to address the larger issue of their status as legal property.

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In May of 2021, NhRP filed what has arguably been referred to as the most important animal rights case of the 21st century with the

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To communicate to the public and media the NhRP's mission and the justice of recognizing specific nonhuman animals as legal persons.

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the county court in Manhattan which is under the First Appellate Department. Justice Barbara Jaffe was assigned to the case.

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person on earth I've ever put that question to who can answer that without referring to certain qualities that a human has.

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On April 20, 2015, the NhRP filed a motion for permission to appeal in New York's highest court, the Court of Appeals.

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2. To have the chimpanzees released and transferred to a North American Primate Sanctuary Alliance (NAPSA) sanctuary.

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The NhRP argues that nonhuman animals who are scientifically proven to be self-aware, autonomous beings, such as

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Happy, who has been at the Bronx Zoo for over four decades. Happy was the first Asian elephant to pass a

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2007 (as a project of the Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights), officially renamed NhRP 2012

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The NhRP's legal claims on behalf of captive nonhuman animals are based in part on the case of

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Some legal scholars have publicly opposed the NhRP's mission and goals. Federal appeals judge

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An American Trilogy - Death, Slavery and Dominion Along the Banks of the Cape Fear River

2060:"Update on Appeals for Tommy, Kiko, Hercules and Leo : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 166:, with a goal of securing rights to bodily liberty (the right not to be imprisoned) and 5296: 5093: 4693: 4595: 4525: 4515: 4439: 4369: 4354: 4299: 4224: 4199: 4147: 4092: 4052: 3957: 3947: 3922: 3836: 3766: 3691: 3631: 3503: 3433: 3278: 3253: 3210: 3185: 3175: 3150: 3110: 3065: 2973: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 756: 553: 331: 327: 299: 211: 188: 175: 113: 47: 6103: 6088: 5664: 5570: 4688: 4555: 4530: 4465: 4434: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4374: 4344: 4259: 4234: 4204: 4107: 4077: 3932: 3886: 3881: 3846: 3841: 3796: 3781: 3761: 3736: 3701: 3681: 3646: 3549: 3382: 3125: 3085: 2983: 2953: 2828: 2779: 2742: 1760:"Appellate Court Hearing re. Tommy the Chimpanzee : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 623: 593: 488:

Commenting on the Court's decision in a blog post on the NhRP's website, Wise wrote:

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Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial That Led to the End of Human Slavery

1356: 1221:"Notice of Appeal Filed in Hercules and Leo Case : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 407:

It then made its central point, that based on previous common law decisions such as

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jurisdictions and bases its arguments on existing scientific evidence concerning

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case, since the New York State Court no longer had jurisdiction over them.

1654:"Press Release on NY Judges' Decisions : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 6009: 4157: 3075: 3025: 1832: 1830: 1420:. New York Supreme Court, Fourth District. April 21, 2015. Archived from 1252:"Hercules & Leo Re-file Documents : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 581: 580:) filed a complaint in a California federal district court alleging that 261: 179: 159: 155: 2639:"A Chimp's Day in Court: Inside the Historic Demand for Nonhuman Rights" 1145:"A Chimp's Day in Court: Inside the Historic Demand for Nonhuman Rights" 974: 972: 129: 6004: 5987: 5931: 5754: 3387: 3341: 3000: 1677: 1675: 752:"Rights Group Is Seeking Status of Legal Person for Captive Chimpanzee" 5821: 5731: 2938: 2719: 1349:"New York court issues habeas corpus writ for chimpanzees - BBC News" 265: 2786:"Are Chimps People Too? The Potential Legal Evolution" - Video from 2661:"Corporations have legal rights. Chimpanzees should have them too." 120:, Kevin Schneider, Elizabeth Stein, Monica Miller, Michael Mountain 6070: 6060: 5712: 585: 504: 187:

held in captivity in New York State. In late 2014, NhRP President

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organization seeking to change the legal status of at least some

6065: 5706: 4783: 2797: 577: 5660: 5010: 4620: 3601: 2839: 2801: 2202:"Update on Hercules and Leo : The Nonhuman Rights Project" 568:

habeas corpus is or should be applicable to nonhuman animals.”

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The lack of precedent for treating animals as persons for

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In October 2011, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (

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explains the organization's claims and strategy as follows:

1799:"New York State Court Hears Landmark Chimp Personhood Case" 845:. Nonhuman Rights Project. January 16, 2013. Archived from 783:"The Nonhuman Rights Project: Coming to a Country Near You" 2010:. Nonhuman Rights Project. January 3, 2015. Archived from 1173:. The Albany Times-Union. December 7, 2013. Archived from 699:

Timeline of animal welfare and rights in the United States

2733:

Gooseberry Productions' Video Interviews with Steven Wise

1382:"Chimpanzees Take a Huge Step Toward (Some) Human Rights" 3519:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

2603:

Drawing the Line: Science and the Case for Animal Rights

1287:. New York State Court. First District. April 20, 2015. 6130:

Animal welfare organizations based in the United States

5656: 2508:"'War Room' Directors Making Animal Rights Documentary" 2388:. Associated Press. Associated Press. October 26, 2011. 2335:"A judge granted a habeas corpus order for an elephant" 1415:"AMENDED Order To Show Cause and Writ of Habeas Corpus" 875:. Nonhuman Rights Project. June 2, 2012. Archived from 552:. The Court agreed to hear a habeas corpus case of the 191:

and Executive Director Natalie Prosin announced in the

2418:"PETA's Slavery Lawsuit - A Setback for Animal Rights" 1870:"Case for Chimpanzee Rights Rejected by Appeals Court" 590:

Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

5038:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

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Archived from 606: 528: 509:ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE & WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS 490: 457: 433: 415: 314: 274: 1888:"NY Lawsuits Tommy Court of Appeals Documents" 5672: 2813: 2424:. Nonhuman Rights Project. November 10, 2011. 1817:"The battle to make Tommy the chimp a person" 1719:. Nonhuman Rights Project. December 10, 2013. 792:. Global Journal of Animal Law. December 2014 8: 2903:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 2460:. Nonhuman Rights Project. January 26, 2012. 2333:Weissman, Cale Guthrie (November 20, 2018). 1167:"Rights or not, caged chimp deserves better" 811: 809: 807: 716: 714: 588:in violation of the orcas' rights under the 21: 4865:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 4809:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 2841:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 2175:. July 29, 2015. p. 31. Archived from 1004:. Gooseberry Productions. December 2, 2013. 816:Animal Charity Evaluators (December 2019). 369:In filing the petitions NhRP's intent was: 5679: 5665: 5657: 5439: 5018: 5007: 4638: 4631: 4617: 4174: 3621: 3612: 3598: 3098: 2847: 2836: 2820: 2806: 2798: 2686:"Should a Chimp Be Able To Sue Its Owner?" 1068:. New York Times Magazine. April 23, 2014. 1062:"Should a Chimp Be Able to Sue Its Owner?" 980:"Should a Chimp Be Able to Sue Its Owner?" 929:"Are You a Legal Person or a Legal Thing?" 20: 6125:Non-profit organizations based in Florida 5012:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 4949:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 2720:North American Primate Sanctuary Alliance 935:. Nonhuman Rights Project. Archived from 905:. Nonhuman Rights Project. Archived from 728:. Nonhuman Rights Project. Archived from 392:NhRP's arguments were partially based on 6110:1995 establishments in the United States 5070:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 3327:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 2567:"Our Thinking on Standout Organizations" 2545:"Updated Recommendations: December 2016" 2514:. The Hollywood Reporter. July 25, 2012. 2496:. Earth in Transition. February 9, 2012. 1974:"Appellate Decision in the Case of Kiko" 202:' Standout Charities from 2015 to 2019. 2918:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 2628:"Considering the Humanity of Nonhumans" 2386:"PETA: SeaWorld Keeps Orcas in Slavery" 1080:"Considering the Humanity of Nonhumans" 959:"Should Chimpanzees Have Legal Rights?" 710: 198:The Nonhuman Rights Project was one of 2995:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 1984:from the original on December 21, 2015 1898:from the original on December 15, 2015 1444: 1442: 1409: 1407: 1376: 1374: 1291:from the original on December 30, 2015 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1246: 1244: 1242: 869:"What Is The Nonhuman Rights Project?" 6015:Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor 5206:Political Animals and Animal Politics 4794:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 4719:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 3131:Concentrated animal feeding operation 2908:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 2863:Animal rights by country or territory 1928:from the original on December 9, 2015 1823:. BBC News Magazine. October 8, 2014. 1728: 1726: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1505: 1503: 1477: 1475: 1343: 1341: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1215: 1213: 1186: 1184: 1113: 1111: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 296:William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield 7: 6025:Orangutan–human last common ancestor 4937:Animalist Party with the Environment 3224:Animal testing on non-human primates 2478:. Huffington Post. February 9, 2012. 2250:"The Bronx Zoo's Loneliest Elephant" 1838:"Appellate Decision in Tommy's case" 679:Animal testing on non-human primates 365:Petition for a writ of habeas corpus 5361:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 3571:World Day for the End of Speciesism 1086:. New York Times. December 9, 2013. 572:The NhRP and PETA's slavery lawsuit 6020:Gorilla–human last common ancestor 5952:Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes 5486:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 4829:United Activists for Animal Rights 4739:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 2878:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 1787:. New York Times. October 8, 2014. 1683:"Judges' Decisions and Next Steps" 1151:. December 6, 2013. Archived from 14: 6030:Gibbon–human last common ancestor 5030:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 4990:Animal Rights National Conference 4913:Animal Protection Party of Canada 4870:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 4724:Chinese Animal Protection Network 4649:American Anti-Vivisection Society 4128:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 2883:Animal rights in Indian religions 2873:Animal rights and punk subculture 2673:"Are Animal Rights Human Rights?" 2543:Jon Bockman (November 28, 2016). 2532:. New York Times. April 25, 2014. 2490:"PETA v. SeaWorld: The Aftermath" 2406:. Animal Blawg. February 5, 2012. 2400:"Is PETA v. SeaWorld a Bad Idea?" 839:"2013 is here, and we are ready!" 348:Tommy, Kiko, and Hercules and Leo 6084: 6083: 5835: 5637: 5636: 5198:Animal Rights Without Liberation 4849:Voice for Animals Humane Society 3581:World Day for the End of Fishing 3576:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3006:Equal consideration of interests 1918:"And So to the Court of Appeals" 1713:"Asher Decision, Suffolk County" 1104:. ScienceNOW. December 26, 2013. 648:Animal Charity Evaluators review 27: 16:American non-profit organization 5962:Great Apes Survival Partnership 5912:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary 4919:Animal Justice Party of Finland 4804:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4018:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 3606:(academics, writers, activists) 3499:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 2442:. The Solution. March 25, 2011. 2248:Tullis, Tracy (June 26, 2015). 1516:. July 29, 2015. Archived from 689:List of animal rights advocates 571: 322:Opposition and counterarguments 5142:Animals, Property, and the Law 3219:Alternatives to animal testing 2888:Christianity and animal rights 2565:Allison Smith (June 9, 2016). 1634:. December 2, 2013. p. 39 1609:. December 2, 2013. p. 61 986:. Boston Globe. July 14, 2013. 965:. Boston Globe. July 14, 2013. 103:Sustained strategic litigation 1: 4779:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 3489:Cambridge University primates 3021:Ethics of uncertain sentience 998:"The Story of James Somerset" 818:"The Nonhuman Rights Project" 501:Hercules and Leo reconsidered 389:persons who could file them. 4839:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 2989:Argument from marginal cases 899:"Mission, Goals, and Values" 694:List of animal rights groups 193:Global Journal of Animal Law 6115:Animal rights organizations 5126:Morals, Reason, and Animals 4754:Farm Animal Rights Movement 4704:Anonymous for the Voiceless 3393:International primate trade 2868:Anarchism and animal rights 2782:: "Animals Are Persons Too" 2738:Guest column by Steven Wise 2714:The Nonhuman Rights Project 2690:The New York Times Magazine 2605:, Perseus Publishing, 2005. 2596:, Perseus Publishing, 2000. 1924:. NhRP. December 17, 2014. 1894:. NhRP. December 18, 2014. 790:Steven Wise, Natalie Prosin 669:Non-human animal personhood 309:The New York Times Magazine 150:) is an American nonprofit 6146: 6035:List of fictional primates 5887:Neanderthal genome project 5246:Making a Stand for Animals 5118:The Case for Animal Rights 4769:Hunt Saboteurs Association 4729:Cruelty Free International 4699:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 3229:Animal testing regulations 1876:. WIRED. December 5, 2014. 604:, Wise said of the ruling 584:was enslaving its captive 6079: 5967:International Primate Day 5917:Borneo Orangutan Survival 5872:Chimpanzee genome project 5833: 5632: 5401:The Ghosts in Our Machine 5238:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5017: 5006: 4674:Animal Legal Defense Fund 4630: 4616: 3973:William Hamilton Drummond 3611: 3597: 3332:Welfare of farmed insects 2959:Animal–industrial complex 2846: 2835: 2526:"Animals Are Persons Too" 1980:. NhRP. January 2, 2015. 1805:. WIRED. October 9, 2014. 653:Animal Charity Evaluators 550:New York Court of Appeals 200:Animal Charity Evaluators 26: 5479:Journal of Animal Ethics 5345:Your Mommy Kills Animals 4734:Direct Action Everywhere 4143:Johann Heinrich Winckler 4088:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 3545:Direct Action Everywhere 3249:Huntingdon Life Sciences 3234:Labcorp Drug Development 3191:Feedback (pork industry) 3156:Intensive animal farming 2893:History of animal rights 2530:Pennebaker-Hegedus Films 6120:501(c)(3) organizations 5993:List of individual apes 5972:Nonhuman Rights Project 5614:Holocaust on your Plate 5385:An Apology to Elephants 5166:Do Animals Have Rights? 5102:Animals, Men and Morals 5078:Better-World Philosophy 4955:Italian Animalist Party 4834:United Poultry Concerns 4789:Last Chance for Animals 4684:Animal Liberation Front 4571:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 3061:Replaceability argument 2979:Animal-free agriculture 2788:The Wall Street Journal 638:Animals Are Persons Too 618:Documentary filmmakers 144:Nonhuman Rights Project 22:Nonhuman Rights Project 5882:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka 5587:Salvation of Innocents 5134:Zoos and Animal Rights 4709:Beauty Without Cruelty 4669:Animal Justice Project 4008:John Zephaniah Holwell 3662:Stephen St. C. Bostock 3239:Great ape research ban 2858:Animal rights movement 2764:Wisconsin Public Radio 2614:, Da Capo Press, 2005. 1002:Gooseberry Productions 644:was released in 2016. 611: 533: 510: 495: 469: 438: 420: 319: 279: 132:.nonhumanrightsproject 81:Coral Springs, Florida 5897:Lone Drøscher Nielsen 5606:Fairs and exhibitions 5493:The Animals' Defender 5465:Cahiers antispécistes 5393:Speciesism: The Movie 5214:Animal (De)liberation 5174:Striking at the Roots 5086:The Universal Kinship 5046:The Rights of Animals 4967:People Animals Nature 4961:Party for the Animals 4774:In Defense of Animals 4536:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 3928:David Renaud Boullier 3514:Silver Spring monkeys 3413:Wild animal suffering 3322:Pain in invertebrates 3161:Intensive pig farming 3051:Opposition to hunting 3016:Ethics of eating meat 2790:"Short Answer" Series 2695:Ershov, Kirill. 2623:, Da Capo Press, 2009 508: 381:writ of habeas corpus 294:. In that 1772 case, 5877:Human Genome Project 5222:Sentientist Politics 5150:The Lives of Animals 4901:Animal Justice Party 4714:Born Free Foundation 4551:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 4425:Wendy Turner-Webster 4138:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 3360:Recreational fishing 3201:Ventilation shutdown 2969:Animal protectionism 2949:Animal consciousness 2679:, December 17, 2013. 2666:, September 9, 2014. 2229:on December 12, 2015 2118:on December 22, 2015 2092:on December 22, 2015 2066:on December 22, 2015 2014:on December 23, 2015 1954:on December 22, 2015 1850:on December 22, 2015 1740:on December 22, 2015 1693:on December 22, 2015 1660:on December 22, 2015 1556:on December 22, 2015 1460:on December 22, 2015 1392:on December 13, 2015 1359:on November 18, 2015 1326:on December 26, 2015 1258:on December 22, 2015 1227:on December 22, 2015 1125:on December 22, 2015 1042:on February 20, 2016 879:on December 28, 2013 674:Great ape personhood 474: 449: 353:Sanctuary Alliance. 210:Founded by attorney 5922:Primate archaeology 5646:( 139 ) 5472:Etica & Animali 5458:Between the Species 5182:An American Trilogy 4875:Humanitarian League 4486:Frances Power Cobbe 4103:Arthur Schopenhauer 4098:Henry Stephens Salt 3978:Edward Payson Evans 3672:Stephen R. L. Clark 3529:War of the currents 3418:Wildlife management 3312:Pain in crustaceans 3307:Pain in cephalopods 2754:The Diane Rehm Show 2677:The Huffington Post 2664:The Washington Post 2656:, October 13, 2014. 2645:, December 6, 2013. 2634:, December 9, 2013. 2494:Earth in Transition 2004:"Legal Whac-a-Mole" 849:on October 14, 2013 602:Earth in Transition 283:Somerset v. Stewart 23: 5852:Great ape language 5810:Tapanuli orangutan 5790:Sumatran orangutan 5409:Unlocking the Cage 5230:Wild Animal Ethics 5054:The Ethics of Diet 4931:Animalist Movement 4907:Animal Politics EU 4819:Sentience Politics 4445:That Vegan Teacher 4063:Siobhan O'Sullivan 4048:José Ferrater Mora 3857:Steve F. Sapontzis 3350:Commercial fishing 3302:Pain in amphibians 3292:Cruelty to animals 3264:Operation Backfire 3103:Animal agriculture 3011:Emotion in animals 2727:The Colbert Report 2670:Schulz, William F. 2632:The New York Times 2254:The New York Times 2040:on January 3, 2016 1581:. December 2, 2013 1155:on April 17, 2016. 909:on October 8, 2014 760:. December 2, 2013 642:Unlocking the Cage 629:Unlocking the Cage 511: 410:Somerset v Stewart 336:The New York Times 291:Somerset v Stewart 6097: 6096: 5957:Great Ape Project 5800:Bornean orangutan 5654: 5653: 5647: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5595:Onward to Freedom 5563:Animal Liberation 5548: 5547: 5369:Forks Over Knives 5321:Peaceable Kingdom 5281:Shores of Silence 5273:A Cow at My Table 5158:Eternal Treblinka 5110:Animal Liberation 5002: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4889: 4888: 4824:Uncaged Campaigns 4799:Mercy for Animals 4764:Great Ape Project 4679:Animal Liberation 4625:(groups, parties) 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4511:Elizabeth Farians 4420:Christine Townend 4360:Heather Nicholson 4290:Brigitte Gothière 4280:Antoine Goetschel 4166: 4165: 3827:Charles Patterson 3732:Gary L. Francione 3707:Josephine Donovan 3697:Daniel Dombrowski 3677:Alasdair Cochrane 3593: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3472: 3471: 3403:Predation problem 3287:Animal euthanasia 3196:Foam depopulation 3031:Insects in ethics 2692:, April 23, 2014. 2683:Siebert, Charles. 2659:Prosin, Natalie. 1427:on March 12, 2016 218:Mission and goals 140: 139: 6137: 6087: 6086: 6056:Mythic humanoids 5839: 5814:P. tapanuliensis 5681: 5674: 5667: 5658: 5645: 5640: 5639: 5451:Animal Sentience 5440: 5305:Legally Blonde 2 5265:The Animals Film 5019: 5008: 4814:Rise for Animals 4639: 4632: 4618: 4481:Edith Carrington 4385:Craig Rosebraugh 4350:Virginia McKenna 4340:Jo-Anne McArthur 4270:Juliet Gellatley 4175: 4133:Mary Anne Warren 4073:Humphrey Primatt 4058:Edward Nicholson 4028:Charles R. Magel 3993:Thomas G. Gentry 3852:Richard D. Ryder 3792:Thomas Lepeltier 3622: 3613: 3599: 3566:World Animal Day 3524:Unnecessary Fuss 3484:Brown Dog affair 3454:Animals in sport 3444:Animal slaughter 3439:Animal sacrifice 3378:Culling wildlife 3181:Wildlife farming 3099: 2944:Animal cognition 2913:Total liberation 2848: 2837: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2799: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2225:. Archived from 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2182:on July 22, 2016 2181: 2174: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2150:on July 22, 2016 2149: 2142: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2114:. Archived from 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2088:. 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Archived from 1030:Ershov, Kirill. 1027: 1006: 1005: 994: 988: 987: 976: 967: 966: 955: 949: 948: 946: 944: 939:on June 26, 2012 925: 919: 918: 916: 914: 895: 889: 888: 886: 884: 865: 859: 858: 856: 854: 835: 829: 828: 826: 824: 813: 802: 801: 799: 797: 787: 779: 773: 772: 767: 765: 748: 742: 741: 739: 737: 732:on June 26, 2012 718: 426:Initial holdings 168:bodily integrity 156:nonhuman animals 136: 133: 131: 31: 24: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6075: 6046:Human evolution 5976: 5933: 5926: 5862:Birutė Galdikas 5840: 5831: 5771:Western gorilla 5761:Eastern gorilla 5697: 5690: 5685: 5655: 5650: 5620: 5601: 5544: 5525:Muutoksen kevät 5498: 5431: 5337:Behind the Mask 5252: 5062:Animals' Rights 5013: 4994: 4978: 4885: 4853: 4626: 4600: 4461:Cleveland Amory 4449: 4415:Darren Thurston 4410:Marianne Thieme 4265:Bruce Friedrich 4230:Joey Carbstrong 4215:Brigitte Bardot 4162: 4153:Jon Wynne-Tyson 4043:J. Howard Moore 3988:John Galsworthy 3968:Wilhelm Dietler 3911: 3907:Corey Lee Wrenn 3817:Martha Nussbaum 3727:Lawrence Finsen 3667:Paola Cavalieri 3642:Kristin Andrews 3617: 3607: 3585: 3554: 3533: 3468: 3422: 3364: 3336: 3297:Pain in animals 3273: 3205: 3171:Poultry farming 3090: 2922: 2842: 2831: 2826: 2795: 2776:D.A. Pennebaker 2725:Steven Wise on 2710: 2703:April 16, 2015. 2701:Scientia Salon, 2637:Keim, Brandon. 2618:Wise, Steven M. 2609:Wise, Steven M. 2600:Wise, Steven M. 2591:Wise, Steven M. 2587: 2585:Further reading 2582: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2359:Mahoney, Bill. 2358: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2307:Shannon, Joel. 2306: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1694: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1663: 1661: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1548: 1547: 1536: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1347: 1346: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1318: 1317: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1282: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1250: 1249: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1198:on May 12, 2016 1190: 1189: 1182: 1171:Chris Churchill 1165: 1164: 1160: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1128: 1126: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1066:Charles Siebert 1060: 1059: 1055: 1045: 1043: 1029: 1028: 1009: 996: 995: 991: 978: 977: 970: 957: 956: 952: 942: 940: 927: 926: 922: 912: 910: 897: 896: 892: 882: 880: 867: 866: 862: 852: 850: 837: 836: 832: 822: 820: 815: 814: 805: 795: 793: 785: 781: 780: 776: 763: 761: 750: 749: 745: 735: 733: 720: 719: 712: 707: 665: 650: 620:D.A. Pennebaker 616: 574: 546: 503: 477: 452: 447: 428: 367: 350: 345: 324: 304:Charles Siebert 286: 250: 220: 208: 128: 110: 92: 85: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6143: 6141: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5828:: Hylobatidae) 5819: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5797: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5768: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5746:P. troglodytes 5739: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5702: 5700: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5591: 5583: 5575: 5567: 5558: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5446: 5444: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5421: 5413: 5405: 5397: 5389: 5381: 5373: 5365: 5357: 5349: 5341: 5333: 5325: 5317: 5309: 5301: 5297:Meet Your Meat 5293: 5285: 5277: 5269: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5242: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5210: 5202: 5194: 5186: 5178: 5170: 5162: 5154: 5146: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5094:The New Ethics 5090: 5082: 5074: 5066: 5058: 5050: 5042: 5034: 5025: 5023: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4925:Animals' Party 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4694:AnimaNaturalis 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4664:Animal Justice 4661: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4636: 4628: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4596:Gretchen Wyler 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4526:Lewis Gompertz 4523: 4518: 4516:Emarel Freshel 4513: 4508: 4506:Muriel Dowding 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4440:Gary Yourofsky 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4355:Ingrid Newkirk 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4300:Charlotte Laws 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225:Yves Bonnardel 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4200:Martin Balluch 4197: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4148:Steven M. Wise 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4093:Bernard Rollin 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4053:Leonard Nelson 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3958:Herman Daggett 3955: 3950: 3948:Priscilla Cohn 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3923:Jeremy Bentham 3919: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3837:Jessica Pierce 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3767:Kyle Johannsen 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3692:David DeGrazia 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3632:Carol J. Adams 3628: 3626: 3619: 3609: 3608: 3602: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3504:Pit of despair 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3434:Abandoned pets 3430: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3281: 3279:Animal welfare 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3254:Model organism 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3215: 3213: 3211:Animal testing 3207: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3186:Working animal 3183: 3178: 3176:Slaughterhouse 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3151:Insect farming 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3111:Animal product 3107: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3066:Sentiocentrism 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2974:Animal welfare 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2783: 2770:New York Times 2766: 2757: 2746: 2735: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2709: 2708:External links 2706: 2705: 2704: 2693: 2680: 2667: 2657: 2646: 2635: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2557: 2535: 2517: 2499: 2481: 2463: 2458:Steven M. Wise 2445: 2427: 2422:Steven M. Wise 2409: 2391: 2377: 2351: 2325: 2299: 2274: 2240: 2214: 2193: 2161: 2129: 2103: 2077: 2051: 2025: 1995: 1965: 1939: 1909: 1879: 1861: 1826: 1808: 1790: 1785:Jesse McKinley 1772: 1751: 1722: 1704: 1671: 1645: 1620: 1592: 1567: 1534: 1499: 1488:. May 27, 2015 1471: 1438: 1403: 1370: 1337: 1302: 1269: 1238: 1209: 1180: 1158: 1149:Wired Magazine 1136: 1107: 1089: 1071: 1053: 1036:Scientia Salon 1007: 989: 968: 950: 920: 890: 860: 830: 803: 774: 757:New York Times 743: 709: 708: 706: 703: 702: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 664: 661: 649: 646: 636:Op-Doc called 634:New York Times 615: 612: 573: 570: 554:Asian elephant 545: 542: 502: 499: 476: 473: 451: 448: 446: 443: 427: 424: 366: 363: 349: 346: 344: 341: 332:animal welfare 328:Richard Posner 323: 320: 300:James Somerset 285: 280: 249: 246: 245: 244: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 219: 216: 212:Steven M. Wise 207: 204: 176:self-awareness 138: 137: 126: 122: 121: 114:Steven M. Wise 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 90: 87: 86: 84: 83: 77: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6142: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6090: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5999:Apes in space 5997: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5934:social status 5929: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845:Study of apes 5843: 5838: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5670: 5668: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5643: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5571:Tame Yourself 5568: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5532:No Compromise 5529: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5033:(3rd century) 5032: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5009: 5005: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4963:(Netherlands) 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4689:Animal Rising 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4659:Animal Ethics 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:Jessie Mackay 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:James Granger 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4466:Henry B. Amos 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4435:Louise Wallis 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400:Kim Stallwood 4398: 4396: 4395:Jasmin Singer 4393: 4391: 4390:Nathan Runkle 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4375:David Olivier 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4260:John Feldmann 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4235:Aymeric Caron 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4205:Carole Baskin 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4108:Laurids Smith 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4078:James Rachels 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4023:John Lawrence 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3933:Brigid Brophy 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897:Tatjana Višak 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887:David Sztybel 3885: 3883: 3882:Cass Sunstein 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3847:Mark Rowlands 3845: 3843: 3842:Evelyn Pluhar 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3797:Andrew Linzey 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3782:Will Kymlicka 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3762:Dale Jamieson 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3742:Valéry Giroux 3740: 3738: 3737:Robert Garner 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702:Sue Donaldson 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3682:J. M. Coetzee 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3647:Tom Beauchamp 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3550:Hunt sabotage 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538:Methodologies 3536: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3383:Hare coursing 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 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