820:
167:
There are no surviving Nonuya people with
Nononotá as their mother tongue as the last native speaker died in 2003. However, the Nonuya community has recently reestablished itself, and is attempting to revitalize its culture through revitalizing its language. The Nonuya use the available documentation
541:
Not much is known about Nonuya grammar as, until recently, the only linguistic studies done on Nonuya were on phonetic/phonological analysis but it can be inferred through the typical features known to
Witotoan languages and the 1953 lexicon.
168:
created by the last native speakers between 1973 and 2007, which include prayers, songs, and a lexicon, to relearn the language. These documents are accessible today in audio files and transcripts which can be used for practical spelling.
164:, disease, and forced migration caused the Sparrowhawk and Backpacker tribes to form families with the Andoke and the Muinane to create the Nonuya community. Most Nonuya have Muinane and Spanish as their native languages.
721:
was created by
Marquis Robert de Wavrin and Paul River in 1953 and included 394 words and expressions. The document compares Nonuya, Ocaina, and Witotoa and attempts to record the endangered language for future revival.
176:
Some of the only linguistic research on Nonuya was on its phonological and phonetic features, Nonuya has 6 vowels and 15 consonants. Nonuya has no nasal vowels, similar to its predecessor
Witotoan.
1005:
603:
599:
338:
563:
466:
407:
669: : "with" used as both "in the company of" and instrumental, wan can also be used in some contexts to mean "in addition".
221:
995:
434:
206:
459:
402:
136:
990:
475:
201:
577:
They are predominantly agglutinating with some fusion and mostly suffixing. Though there are a few cases of prefixes.
76:
1000:
571:
333:
240:
489:
429:
211:
367:
348:
819:
530:
271:
228:
863:
567:
303:
298:
580:
379:
310:
447:
388:
266:
261:
157:
82:
914:
642:
482:
420:
360:
286:
276:
161:
963:
718:
608:
Pronouns distinguish between male/female singular, male/female dual, and male/female plural
876:
622:
618:
293:
281:
68:
915:"La lengua Nononota (Nonuya) - Recuperación de la lengua nonuya en Peña Roja (Amazonas)"
709:, whose form is difficult to analyse but is recorded as meaning "all together", "with"
506:
321:
128:
984:
855:
638:
634:
626:
513:
453:
394:
327:
353:
964:"Fêtes et usages des Indiens de Langui (Province de Canas, Département du Cuzco)"
630:
141:
890:
812:
570:) and some elements of agreement marked on the dependent element of a phrase (
807:
121:
105:
938:
160:
language formerly spoken in
Colombia and Peru that is now nearly extinct.
112:
37:
250:
Nonuya's six vowel system is typical of
Northwest Amazonian languages.
617:
There are six syntactical cases and seven locative cases in Nonuya:
583:
are expressed using cross-referencing on the verb and case marking
529:
Some sources also suggest that Nonuya has two implosive sounds (
41:
693: : "until" "while" "according to" "all together",
856:"Some notes on aspects of Nonuya (Witotoan) grammar"
135:
119:
103:
98:
65:
55:
47:
33:
21:
939:"SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories"
533:and /ɓ/), and distinguish labialised consonants.
1006:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
602:), but it may change, depending on context, to
566:with agreement shown on the heads of phrases (
701: : "in a pair" "from among a group" and
8:
754:
747:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
18:
677: : "for" (interest, aim, duration),
724:
252:
178:
968:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
800:
872:
861:
16:Witotoan language of Colombia and Peru
7:
849:
847:
845:
843:
154:Nononotá, Nyonuhu, Nonuña, Achiote)
28:Nononotá, Nyonuhu, Nonuña, Achiote
14:
891:"Did you know Nonuya is dormant?"
818:
685: : "due to, in sight of",
546:Features of Witotoan languages:
1:
645:. The locative case includes
962:Rivet, Paul; Wavrin (1953).
854:Wojtylak, Katarzyna (2016).
836:(in Spanish). Pruebaw. 2006.
562:All Wititoan languages are
1022:
505:
446:
387:
320:
292:
258:
26:
943:linguistics.berkeley.edu
586:Word order is typically
974:: 4 – via Persée.
755:
748:
704:
696:
688:
680:
672:
664:
656:
648:
871:Cite journal requires
996:Languages of Colombia
756:wo(h)ə(ü)kaj(w)ə(ü)ra
564:nominative-accusative
895:Endangered Languages
726:
581:Syntactic functions
255:
181:
991:Witotoan languages
725:
719:wordlist of Nonuya
253:
179:
1001:Languages of Peru
816:(25th ed., 2022)
793:
792:
572:dependent marking
527:
526:
485:
456:
423:
397:
363:
330:
248:
247:
147:
146:
1013:
976:
975:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
935:
929:
928:
926:
925:
919:sites.google.com
911:
905:
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727:
707:
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683:
675:
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659:
651:
558:
557:
553:
532:
483:
452:
421:
393:
361:
326:
256:
182:
131:
115:
108:
71:
19:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1010:
981:
980:
979:
961:
960:
956:
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945:
937:
936:
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832:
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806:
802:
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715:
615:
559:
555:
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549:
548:
539:
174:
127:
111:
104:
94:
72:
69:Language family
67:
58:
57:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
983:
982:
978:
977:
954:
930:
906:
882:
873:|journal=
839:
825:
799:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:
759:
752:
745:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
714:
711:
653: : "in",
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
584:
578:
575:
547:
544:
538:
535:
525:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
511:
509:
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500:
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457:
450:
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432:
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417:
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405:
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385:
384:
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377:
375:
373:
370:
365:
357:
356:
351:
346:
343:
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336:
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318:
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308:
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296:
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188:
185:
173:
170:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
125:
117:
116:
109:
101:
100:
99:Language codes
96:
95:
93:
92:
91:
90:
75:
73:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
51:Nonuya peoples
49:
45:
44:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1018:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
973:
969:
965:
958:
955:
944:
940:
934:
931:
920:
916:
910:
907:
896:
892:
886:
883:
878:
865:
857:
850:
848:
846:
844:
840:
835:
834:Pueblo Nonuya
829:
826:
821:
815:
814:
809:
804:
801:
795:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:nayfotomonay
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
753:
750:
749:wətsihōmonāhĭ
746:
744:Good morning
743:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
723:
720:
712:
710:
708:
706:
700:
698:
692:
690:
684:
682:
676:
674:
668:
666:
660:
658:
652:
650:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:
554:
545:
543:
536:
534:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
512:
510:
508:
504:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
488:
486:
481:
480:
477:
474:
472:
470:
468:
465:
463:
461:
458:
455:
451:
449:
445:
442:
440:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
424:
419:
418:
415:
413:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
392:
390:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
359:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
329:
325:
323:
319:
316:
314:
312:
309:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
291:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
257:
251:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
225:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
197:
196:
192:
189:
186:
184:
183:
177:
171:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
107:
102:
97:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
78:
74:
70:
64:
61:2 (2012)
60:
54:
50:
46:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
971:
967:
957:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
922:. Retrieved
918:
909:
898:. Retrieved
894:
885:
864:cite journal
833:
828:
811:
803:
716:
702:
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
654:
646:
643:instrumental
616:
595:
591:
587:
568:head marking
540:
528:
272:Postalveolar
249:
175:
166:
153:
149:
148:
120:
87:
77:Bora–Huitoto
27:
761:māreho(wi)
254:Consonants
985:Categories
948:2018-08-09
924:2022-07-05
900:2022-07-05
813:Ethnologue
796:References
769:bohōf(w)ə
766:Yesterday
717:The first
623:accusative
619:nominative
454:voiceless
448:Fricative
395:voiceless
389:Affricate
328:voiceless
172:Phonology
122:Glottolog
106:ISO 639-3
48:Ethnicity
789:uey(ma)
739:Witotoa
730:English
639:locative
635:ablative
627:genitive
267:Alveolar
262:Bilabial
190:Central
162:Genocide
158:Witotoan
129:nonu1241
83:Witotoan
79: ?
38:Colombia
772:ə(ü)tǒ
736:Ocaina
733:Nonuya
713:Lexicon
537:Grammar
287:Glottal
277:Palatal
180:Vowels
808:Nonuya
786:hōh'ə
783:hǒkká
641:, and
631:dative
594:bject
550:": -->
484:voiced
422:voiced
362:voiced
198:Close
187:Front
150:Nonuya
142:Nonuya
88:Nonuya
22:Nonuya
681:rayku
665:piwan
613:Cases
598:erb (
590:gent
294:Nasal
282:Velar
235:Open
193:Back
156:is a
877:help
780:Man
705:ntin
697:pura
689:kama
552:edit
507:Flap
322:Stop
218:Mid
42:Peru
810:at
673:Paq
661:or
657:wan
604:SVO
600:SOV
531:/ɗ/
435:d͡ʒ
430:d͡z
408:t͡ʃ
403:t͡s
345:tʲ
137:ELP
113:noj
987::
972:42
970:.
966:.
941:.
917:.
893:.
868::
866:}}
862:{{
842:^
649:pi
637:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
621:,
574:).
372:d
40:,
951:.
927:.
903:.
879:)
875:(
858:.
596:V
592:O
588:A
556:]
514:ɾ
490:β
476:h
467:ʃ
460:ɸ
380:g
368:b
354:ʔ
349:k
339:t
334:p
311:ɲ
304:n
299:m
241:a
229:o
222:e
212:u
207:ɨ
202:i
152:(
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