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648:. Hague was a close ally of Franklin Roosevelt and controlled federal patronage in the state. Though denied a permit for political reasons, Thomas came anyway to speak at an outdoor rally. The police arrested him as soon as he got out of his car. As the officers prepared to expel him from the city, Thomas quipped, "So this is Jersey justice". People across the political spectrum, including the 1932 and 1936 Republican presidential nominees,
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effected by international agreement, but otherwise dangerous to us in both a military and economic sense. If we are not to be overwhelmed by the 'rising tide of color' we must breed against the world. If our nation is to survive, it must have more cannon and more babies as prospective food for the cannon."
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on
December 7, 1941, a bitter split took place in the Socialist Party regarding support for the war; Thomas reluctantly supported it, though he thought it could have been honorably avoided. His brother and many others continued their pacifist opposition to all wars. Thomas later wrote self-critically
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stance led to his being shunned by many of his fellow alumni from
Princeton, and opposed by some of the leadership of the Presbyterian Church in New York. When church funding of the American Parish's social programs was stopped, Thomas resigned his pastorate. Despite his resignation, Thomas did not
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The drawing-room socialist, Thomas, is only a bourgeois with a socialist 'ideal'. His personal life, interests, ties, moral criteria exist outside the party. With hostile astonishment he looks down upon the
Bolshevik to whom the party is a weapon for the revolutionary reconstruction of society,
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Thomas also deplored the secular objection to birth control because it originated from "racial and national" group-think. "The white race, we are told, our own nation—whatever that nation may be—is endangered by practicing birth control. Birth control is something like disarmament—a good thing if
632:
In 1937, Thomas returned from Europe determined to restore order in the
Socialist Party. He and his followers in the party teamed up with the Clarity majority of the National Executive Committee and gave the green light to the New York Right Wing to expel the Appeal faction from the organization.
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program of sending military supplies to Great
Britain, calling it "a bill to authorize undeclared war in the name of peace, and dictatorship in the name of defending democracy". He said that the survival of the British Empire was not vital to the security of the United States, but added that he
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in 1917 on an antiwar platform, Thomas wrote to him expressing his good wishes. To his surprise, Hillquit wrote back, encouraging the young minister to work for his campaign, which Thomas energetically did. Soon thereafter he himself joined the
Socialist Party. Thomas was a
424:. Down to approximately 8,000 dues-paying members, the Socialist Party's options were limited, and the little-known minister from New York with oratorial skills and a pedigree in the movement became the choice of the 1928 National Convention of the Socialist Party.
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1944:"Rev. N.M. Thomas Weds Miss Stewart; Assistant Pastor of Brick Presbyterian Church and His Bride Active in Charities. "Angel of Hell's Kitchen" Bride Endeared to the Poor by Her Devotion to Them – She Aided Mr. Thomas In Summer Garden Work"
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in backing a challenger to
National Chairman Morris Hillquit. While Hillquit and his cohort retained control of the organization at this time, this action earned the lasting enmity of Hillquit's New York-based allies of the so-called
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as he had been with regard to the First World War. Upon returning from a
European tour in 1937, he formed the Keep America Out of War Congress, and spoke against war, thereby sharing a platform with the non-interventionist
228:, to Emma Williams (née Mattoon) and Weddington Evans Thomas, a Presbyterian minister. Thomas had an uneventful Midwestern childhood and adolescence, helping to put himself through Marion High School as a paper carrier for
579:. The Militants swept to majority control of the party's governing National Executive Committee at this gathering, and the Old Guard retreated to their New York fortress and formalized their factional organization as the
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He also received a check for $ 17,500 (equivalent to $ 171,900 in 2023) in donations from supporters. "It won't last long," he said of the check, "because every organization I'm connected with is going bankrupt."
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following the attack on Pearl Harbor. He accused the ACLU of "dereliction of duty" when the organization supported the forced mass removal and incarceration. Thomas also campaigned against
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including also its morality." "This righteous man expelled the
American 'Trotskyists' from his party precisely as the GPU shot down their co-thinkers in the U.S.S.R. and in Spain.
285:, Thomas was appointed pastor of the East Harlem Presbyterian Church, ministering to Italian-American Protestants. Union Theological Seminary had been at that time a center of the
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How Can the
Socialist Party Best Serve Socialism? An Argument in Support of the Position of the Majority of the National Executive Committee Concerning Electoral Activities.
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The 1928 campaign was the first of Thomas's six consecutive campaigns as the presidential nominee of the Socialist Party. As an articulate and engaging spokesman for
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in the 1964 presidential election. He was critical of Johnson's foreign policy, but praised his work on civil rights and poverty. Thomas called Johnson's opponent
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A plaque in the Norman Thomas '05 Library reads: Norman M. Thomas, class of 1905. "I am not the champion of lost causes, but the champion of causes not yet won."
590:, but remained supportive of the Militants and their vision of an "all-inclusive party", which welcomed members of dissident communist organizations (including
393:, he ran for the US Senate in New York and polled almost 200,000 votes, then the second-best result for a Socialist candidate in New York state elections; only
852:. The two were leaders of the "Committee on free elections in the Dominican Republic", an organization based in the U.S. that monitored the election, in which
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the leading voice of liberal Christian social activism of its day. In 1921, Thomas moved to secular journalism when he was employed as associate editor of
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activities. The party descended into a maelstrom of factionalism in the interval, with the New York Old Guard leaving to establish themselves as the
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This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election
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was the candidate of "the Wall Street war machine" and that he "would take us to war about as fast and about on the same terms as Mr. Roosevelt".
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that he had "overemphasized both the sense in which it was a continuance of World War I and the capacity of nonfascist Europe to resist the
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a "personable man with good stands on domestic issues" but also described him as "the greatest evil" due to his views on foreign policy.
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868:. Balaguer continued to govern the country on and off for the next 30 years. In the autumn of that year, Thomas received the second
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At the 1934 National Convention of the Socialist Party, Thomas's connection with the Militants deepened when he backed a radical
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These expulsions led to the departure of virtually the whole of the party's youth section, who affiliated to the new Trotskyist
242:. "No pennies ever escaped her," said Thomas. The summer after he graduated from high school his father accepted a pastorate at
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movement and liberal politics, and as a minister, Thomas preached against American participation in the First World War. This
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564:. The diplomatic party peacemaker Hillquit died of tuberculosis the following year, lessening the stability of his faction.
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The ACLU national board supported the government and tried to stop a rogue chapter on the West Coast from going to court.
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The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance
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412:'s death in 1926, there was a leadership vacuum in the Socialist Party. Neither of the party's two top political leaders,
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Norman Thomas Papers, Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University Special Collections
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Venkataramani, M.S., "Norman Thomas, Arkansas Sharecroppers, and the Roosevelt Agricultural Policies, 1933–1937",
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Mary "Polly" Thomas (1914–2010), who married Herbert C. Miller Jr, a professor and chairman of pediatrics at the
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269:. He graduated from the seminary and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1911. After assisting the
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At the 1932 Milwaukee convention, Thomas and his radical pacifist allies in the party joined forces with
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254:, the beneficiary of the largesse of a wealthy uncle by marriage. Thomas graduated magna cum laude from
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and Hillquit, was eligible to run for president because of their foreign birth. The third main figure,
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in Manhattan. At the event Thomas called for a cease-fire in Vietnam and read birthday telegrams from
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work and a trip around the world, Thomas decided to follow in his father's footsteps and enrolled in
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637:. Demoralization set in and the Socialist Party withered, its membership level below that of 1928.
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Thomas frequently spoke on the difference between socialism, the movement he represented, and
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Conscience: Two Soldiers, Two Pacifists, One Family – A Test of Will and Faith in World War I
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Thomas favored work to establish a broad Farmer–Labor Party upon the model of the Canadian
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1143:. Chicago: Committee on Education and Research of the Socialist Party of America, 1934.
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to defend labor organizers' free speech and challenge the political machine of Mayor
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Thomas's political activity also included attempts at the US presidency. Following
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edited by N.E.H. Hull, William James Hoffer and Peter Charles Hoffer, 2004. p. 60
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In 1910, Thomas married Frances Violet Stewart (1881–1947), the granddaughter of
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Thomas ran for office five times in quick succession on the Socialist ticket—for
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Is the New Deal Socialism? An Answer to Al Smith and the American Liberty League
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Evan Welling Thomas II (1920–1999), who married Anna Davis (née Robins) in 1943
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chose Thomas to be the third guest on Buckley's new television interview show,
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In April 1938, Thomas was the center of national controversy when he came to
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Thomas's 80th birthday in 1964 was marked by a well-publicized gala at the
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Thomas was an early proponent of birth control. The birth-control advocate
1802:"The Minority Party in America: Featuring an Interview with Norman Thomas"
932:. Pursuant to his wishes, he was cremated and his ashes were scattered on
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Prophets of the Left: American Socialist Thought in the Twentieth Century
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He wrote several books, among them his passionate defense of World War I
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2335:. Binghamton, New York, Syracuse University Press, 1967. Second Edition.
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Pacifist's Progress: Norman Thomas and the Decline of American Socialism
1383:
The One Hope of Peace: Universal Disarmament Under International Control
928:
Thomas died at the age of 84 on December 19, 1968, at a nursing home in
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The Minority Party in America: Featuring an Interview with Norman Thomas
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recruited him to write "Some Objections to Birth Control Considered" in
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New York: Instituto de Investigaciones Internacionales del Trabajo,1957
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Pacifists Progress: Norman Thomas and the Decline of American Socialism
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in January 1918, Thomas was employed as its paid editor. Together with
1196:
Debate: Which Road for American Workers – Socialist or Communist?
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Frances Thomas (1915–2015), who married John W. Gates, Jr. (died 2006)
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the leader of social reform, in collaboration with labor leaders like
864:, was beaten closely but decisively by the conservative ex-president
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authored by his longtime associate from the radical pacifist journal
329:
even before the war. When the organization started a magazine called
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Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen... Reflections on Public Speaking
325:
Thomas was the secretary (then an unpaid position) of the pacifist
27:
American Presbyterian minister and socialist politician (1884–1968)
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Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International
1651:(First ed.). Oakland: Independent Institute. pp. 63–68.
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formally leave the ministry until 1931, after his mother's death.
224:
Thomas was the oldest of six children, born November 20, 1884, in
1274:. With Bertram D. Wolfe. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1939.
964:, where he was a frequent visitor. He is also the grandfather of
696:
In testimony to Congress in January 1941 he opposed the proposed
2256:"Norman Thomas, Socialist, Dies; He Ran for President Six Times"
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The League of Nations and the Imperialist Principle: A Criticism
710:
208:'s candidate for president in six consecutive elections between
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Justice Triumphs in Spain! A Letter about the Trial of the POUM
833:" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the
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favored helping Britain to defend herself against aggression.
484:
431:, Thomas had considerably greater influence than the typical
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Socialist Party of America politicians from New York (state)
1839:
Norman Thomas: The Great Dissenter; Raymond F. Gregory, 2008
1780:
The Abortion rights controversy in America, A Legal Reader,
999:
War's Heretics : A Plea for the Conscientious Objector
6586:
Candidates in the 1948 United States presidential election
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Candidates in the 1944 United States presidential election
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Candidates in the 1940 United States presidential election
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Candidates in the 1936 United States presidential election
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Candidates in the 1932 United States presidential election
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Candidates in the 1928 United States presidential election
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Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets
610:, taking with them control of party property, such as the
2947:
English-language press of the Socialist Party of America
1221:
Chicago : Labor League for Thomas and Nelson, 1936.
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The case of the Christian Pacifists at Los Angeles, Cal.
905:
Rebekah Thomas (1918–1986), who married John D. Friebely
555:
and a faction of young Marxist intellectuals called the
189:(November 20, 1884 – December 19, 1968) was an American
1755:
In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU
689:. In the 1940 presidential campaign he said Republican
2907:
History of the socialist movement in the United States
1823:"Johnson Is Lauded, Goldwater Scored By Norman Thomas"
1309:
Stop the Draft : An Appeal to the American People
948:(formerly known as Central Commercial High School) in
2927:
Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party
581:
Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party
389:
in 1927, and for mayor of New York again in 1929. In
238:. Like other paper carriers, he reported directly to
1207:. New York: National Office, Socialist Party, n.d. .
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are named after him, as is the assembly hall at the
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Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America
2899:
2774:
2765:
2576:
1443:. Terre Haute, IN: Eugene V. Debs Foundation, 1964.
1128:
What's the Matter with New York: A National Problem
716:Thomas was one of the few public figures to oppose
173:
165:
139:
129:
103:
84:
58:
39:
3401:Third-party performances in presidential elections
2254:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1353:Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1944.
1347:. With A. Philip Randolph. Socialist Party, n.d. .
1317:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1941.
1311:. New York: Socialist National Headquarters, 1940.
1286:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1939.
1215:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1936.
1185:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1936.
1171:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1934.
1137:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1933.
1117:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1932.
1057:. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1927.
2403:Cuarenta anos de comunismo: promesas y realidades
1897:. University of Washington Press. pp. 358–.
1131:. With Paul Blanshard. New York: Macmillan, 1932.
1009:. Chicago: American Liberty Defense League, 1917.
6631:Socialist Party of America presidential nominees
2356:, vol. 47, no. 2 (Sept. 1960), pp. 225–46.
1413:New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1953.
1244:New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1937.
1055:The Challenge of War: An Economic Interpretation
819:In 1966, the conservative journalist and writer
785:, which focused on the role of the third party.
2226:"Paid Notice: Deaths Thomas, Anne Davis Robins"
1373:Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1945.
629:, and the party's summer camp in Pennsylvania.
454:. (Some revolutionaries thought him no better;
349:magazine. In 1922 he became co-director of the
736:Religious and Ethical Aspects of Birth Control
680:Thomas was initially as outspoken in opposing
458:criticized Thomas on more than one occasion.)
196:and political activist. He achieved fame as a
5843:
5363:
5039:
4679:
4242:
3837:
3447:
2988:
2554:
2376:"Longines Chronoscope with Dr. Norman Thomas"
2198:"Paid Notice: Deaths Thomas, Evan Welling II"
2085:"The Country And Our State Are Looking To Us"
1225:Emancipate youth from toil, old age from fear
1073:. New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1930.
8:
6461:20th-century American Presbyterian ministers
2342:. New York, Charles Scribner and Sons, 1976.
1544:
1542:
1321:World Federation: What Are the Difficulties?
1231:You Can't Cure Tuberculosis with Cough Drops
1123:. Chicago: Socialist Party of America, 1932.
250:. He left Bucknell after one year to attend
6556:Activists for African-American civil rights
2500:nominee for President of the United States
1985:. Vol. 48. January 1, 1947. p. 20
753:in the postwar years (especially after the
519:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
353:. Later, he was one of the founders of the
5850:
5836:
5828:
5644:
5596:
5486:
5401:
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5231:
5155:
5085:
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4881:
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4686:
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4445:
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3035:
2995:
2981:
2973:
2771:
2561:
2547:
2539:
2475:
2057:"Paid Notice: Deaths Miller, Mary (Polly)"
1359:. New York: Post War World Council, 1944.
1077:America's Way Out: A Program for Democracy
47:
36:
30:For other people named Norman Thomas, see
6451:20th-century American non-fiction writers
2932:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
1496:The Socialist Party of America: A History
1385:. New York: Post War World Council, 1947.
1335:. New York: Post War World Council, 1942.
539:Learn how and when to remove this message
6601:People from Cold Spring Harbor, New York
5384:1948 United States presidential election
5060:1944 United States presidential election
4700:1940 United States presidential election
4263:1936 United States presidential election
3858:1932 United States presidential election
3468:1928 United States presidential election
1932:. Eugene V. Debs Foundation. 2017-09-18.
1159:. New York: Macmillan, 1934. (UK title:
2443:Newspaper clippings about Norman Thomas
1877:"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest",
1459:
1371:A socialist looks at the United Nations
1175:War – No Glory, No Profit, No Need
1147:Human Exploitation in the United States
872:for his work in promoting world peace.
608:Social Democratic Federation of America
158: 1910; died 1947)
2314:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.
1791:The Abortion Rights Controversy, p. 61
1441:Eugene V. Debs in the Light of History
1410:Democratic Socialism: A New Appraisal.
1345:Victory's Victims? The Negro's Future
1250:. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1938.
1177:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1935.
769:After 1945, Thomas sought to make the
553:constructive socialists from Wisconsin
6491:American Civil Liberties Union people
2321:Sanford, NC: Algora Publishing, 2008.
1097:The Socialist Cure for a Sick Society
1025:The Conscientious Objector in America
952:and the Norman Thomas '05 Library at
840:Also in 1966, Thomas traveled to the
397:polled more votes, almost 300,000 in
7:
6551:American anti–World War II activists
2354:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
2349:. New York, The Penguin Press, 2011.
2253:Whitman, Aiden (December 20, 1968).
1498:. New York: Macmillan, 1955; p. 189.
1291:What's Behind the "Christian Front"?
1233:. New York: Socialist Party, n.d. .
974:and the great-grandfather of writer
517:adding citations to reliable sources
6611:People from Ridgefield, Connecticut
6546:American anti–World War I activists
6541:American anti–Vietnam War activists
2319:Norman Thomas: The Great Dissenter.
2307:. New York, Norton & Co., 1964.
1894:The Making of Black Revolutionaries
1736:"American Civil Liberties Union,"
1341:. New York: Socialist Party, n.d. .
994:. New York: Fellowship Press, 1917.
831:Writers and Editors War Tax Protest
721:incarceration of Japanese Americans
706:the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
588:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
6446:20th-century American male writers
6197:New Haven-León Sister City Project
3416:Progressivism in the United States
3406:Labor history of the United States
3348:Social Democratic Party of America
2917:Social Democratic Party of America
2328:. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970.
2031:"Thomas, Norman [Mattoon]"
1425:. New York: Hermitage House, 1955.
1379:. New York: Socialist Party, 1947.
1279:Russia: Democracy or Dictatorship?
1272:Keep America Out of War: A Program
1262:. Chicago: Socialist Party, n.d. .
1141:The New Deal: A Socialist Analysis
908:William Stewart Thomas (1912–1988)
884:, financial adviser to Presidents
757:) and often collaborated with the
751:Israel's policies toward the Arabs
25:
6596:The Nation (U.S. magazine) people
6511:American male non-fiction writers
6456:20th-century American politicians
1930:Eugene V. Debs Foundation Website
1268:. Chicago: Socialist Party, 1938.
1227:, Chicago: Socialist Party, 1936.
1135:A Socialist Looks at the New Deal
777:. In 1961, he released an album,
745:Thomas was also very critical of
469:, and his statement of the 1960s
246:, which allowed Norman to attend
6496:American conscientious objectors
3343:Socialist Labor Party of America
2468:
2378:is available for viewing at the
2340:Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist
2333:Norman Thomas: Respectable Rebel
2148:. Vassar College. Archived from
1697:Facts on File: World News Digest
1685:Facts on File: World News Digest
1511:. Quadrangle Books, 1970. p. 13.
1391:New York: Socialist Party, 1948.
1367:New York: Socialist Party, 1945.
1364:Russia: Promise and Performance.
1332:Democracy and Japanese Americans
962:Three Arrows Cooperative Society
489:
6536:American anti-poverty advocates
5591:States' Rights Democratic Party
3411:Liberalism in the United States
2942:Young People's Socialist League
2114:"Deaths: Gates, Frances Thomas"
2005:"Frances Violet Stewart Thomas"
1449:. New York: W. W. Norton, 1963.
1431:. New York: W. W. Norton, 1959.
1419:. New York: W. W. Norton, 1954.
1405:. New York: W. W. Norton, 1951.
1357:Conscription: The Test of Peace
1199:New York: Socialist Call, 1936.
1168:The Plight of the Share Cropper
1049:League for Industrial Democracy
1019:National Civil Liberties Bureau
788:Thomas actively campaigned for
598:) and worked together with the
446:. His early admiration for the
355:National Civil Liberties Bureau
351:League for Industrial Democracy
155:
6656:Socialism in the United States
6501:American democratic socialists
6486:American anti-racism activists
3421:Socialism in the United States
1758:. SIU Press. pp. 139–43.
1595:The Socialist Party of America
1575:The Socialist Party of America
1562:The Socialist Party of America
1522:The Socialist Party of America
1437:. New York: W.W. Norton, 1961.
1219:Shall labor support Roosevelt?
844:along with future Congressman
829:. In 1968, Thomas signed the "
359:American Civil Liberties Union
309:organization. When SPA leader
297:It was Thomas's position as a
32:Norman Thomas (disambiguation)
1:
6636:Writers from New York (state)
6481:American Christian socialists
1804:. folkways.si.edu. 2020-02-08
1266:Collective Security Means War
1241:Democracy versus dictatorship
1045:What Is Industrial Democracy?
858:Dominican Revolutionary Party
627:Rand School of Social Science
6476:American Christian pacifists
2912:Social Democratic Federation
1856:. 1964-12-18. Archived from
1121:What Socialism Is and Is Not
1109:. New York: Macmillan, 1932.
1091:Haldeman-Julius Publications
1087:Socialism and the Individual
759:American Council for Judaism
327:Fellowship of Reconciliation
6621:Princeton University alumni
2467:(public domain audiobooks)
2447:20th Century Press Archives
2142:"1940 Vassar Alumnae/i Hub"
1429:The Prerequisites for Peace
420:, was occupied as mayor of
377:, for mayor of New York in
6672:
6646:American magazine founders
6521:American political writers
6441:19th-century Presbyterians
2570:Socialist Party of America
2305:Norman Thomas: A Biography
2288:December 31, 2006, at the
1607:Leon Trotsky (June 1938).
1248:Socialism on the Defensive
1191:New York: Macmillan, 1936.
1189:After the New Deal – What?
1182:War As a Socialist Sees It
1039:Foreign Policy Association
848:to observe that country's
450:had turned into energetic
303:Socialist Party of America
267:Union Theological Seminary
206:Socialist Party of America
121:Union Theological Seminary
29:
6466:American anti-capitalists
5803:
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5599:
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3010:
2527:
2495:
2483:
2478:
1979:"Princeton Alumni Weekly"
1483:The American Conservative
1339:Martin Dies and Socialism
946:Norman Thomas High School
569:Declaration of Principles
275:Brick Presbyterian Church
46:
6606:People from Marion, Ohio
2653:Progressive Party ticket
2479:Party political offices
1647:Beito, David T. (2023).
1377:An Appeal to the Nations
616:The Jewish Daily Forward
481:Socialist Party politics
339:, Thomas helped to make
6616:Presbyterian socialists
6084:Randall Watson Forsberg
5751:Socialist Workers Party
3368:Socialist Workers Party
1983:Princeton Alumni Weekly
1611:. The New International
1609:"Their Morals and Ours"
1303:Workers' Defense League
915:Evan Welling Thomas III
862:Socialist International
687:America First Committee
642:Jersey City, New Jersey
635:Socialist Workers Party
619:, the English-language
463:conscientious objectors
357:, the precursor of the
244:Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
6651:American anti-Zionists
6531:American tax resisters
6526:American Presbyterians
6471:American anti-fascists
4319:Incumbent VP nominee:
3144:William Jennings Bryan
2461:Works by Norman Thomas
2324:Johnpoll, Bernard K.,
2037:. Princeton University
1926:"Eugene V. Debs Award"
1891:Forman, James (1972).
1752:Samuel Walker (1999).
1549:Current Biography 1945
1534:Current Biography 1945
1325:Post War World Council
1061:Is Conscience a Crime?
860:, affiliated with the
821:William F. Buckley, Jr
813:Martin Luther King Jr.
677:
467:Is Conscience a Crime?
313:made his campaign for
299:conscientious objector
240:Florence Kling Harding
6149:Marian Wright Edelman
5950:William Sloane Coffin
5098:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4950:Socialist Labor Party
4738:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4645:Other 1936 elections:
4619:William Dudley Pelley
4580:Socialist Labor Party
4332:Henry S. Breckinridge
4313:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4146:Socialist Labor Party
3900:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3784:William Dudley Pelley
3748:Socialist Labor Party
3285:Robert M. La Follette
3207:George R. Kirkpatrick
3107:Charles E. Cunningham
3066:Barzillai J. Chambers
2937:Social Democrats, USA
2487:Robert M. La Follette
2413:files, hosted at the
2317:Gregory, Raymond F.,
1675:. (1951); pp. 312–13.
1507:Johnpoll, Bernard K.
1447:Socialism Re-Examined
1161:Fascism or Socialism?
1071:In the League and Out
718:President Roosevelt's
668:Thomas speaking at a
667:
475:Socialism Re-examined
383:New York State Senate
301:that drew him to the
187:Norman Mattoon Thomas
63:Norman Mattoon Thomas
5808:Other 1948 elections
5782:and other candidates
5561:Leverett Saltonstall
5551:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
5541:Herbert E. Hitchcock
5328:Other 1944 elections
5004:Other 1940 elections
4207:Other 1932 elections
4106:William David Upshaw
3802:Other 1928 elections
2957:Democratic socialism
2577:Presidential tickets
2331:Seidler, Murray B.,
2303:Fleischmann, Harry,
2093:University of Kansas
2035:etcweb.princeton.edu
2009:www.ourcampaigns.com
1750:For more detail see
1389:Why I am a candidate
1351:What Is Our Destiny?
1212:Why I Am a Socialist
1157:The Choice Before Us
1114:Why I Am a Socialist
954:Princeton University
930:Huntington, New York
898:University of Kansas
870:Eugene V. Debs Award
846:Allard K. Lowenstein
682:the Second World War
672:meeting in 1937 (by
513:improve this section
429:democratic socialism
422:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
395:Charles P. Steinmetz
371:governor of New York
256:Princeton University
252:Princeton University
116:Princeton University
96:Huntington, New York
6506:American socialists
5463:Richard Russell Jr.
5430:Incumbent nominee:
5250:America First Party
4311:Incumbent nominee:
4189:William Hope Harvey
3363:Communist Party USA
2922:Socialist Party USA
1952:. September 2, 1910
1881:, January 30, 1968.
1860:on October 19, 2008
1738:Densho Encyclopedia
1723:A Socialist's Faith
1699:, January 28, 1941.
1673:A Socialist's Faith
1635:Pacifist's Progress
1471:Up Against the Wall
1417:The Test of Freedom
1403:A Socialist's Faith
1151:Frederick A. Stokes
992:The Conquest of War
882:John Aikman Stewart
771:anti-Stalinist left
600:Communist Party USA
433:perennial candidate
320:Christian socialist
305:(SPA), a staunchly
273:at the fashionable
271:Rev. Henry Van Dyke
248:Bucknell University
111:Bucknell University
6516:American pacifists
6378:Tom B.K. Goldtooth
5892:John Haynes Holmes
5888:Maurice Eisendrath
5859:Gandhi Peace Award
5790:Gerald L. K. Smith
5630:Fielding L. Wright
5260:Gerald L. K. Smith
4939:Maynard C. Krueger
4035:James W. Wadsworth
3605:Joseph T. Robinson
3388:New Alliance Party
3358:Farmer–Labor Party
3353:Independence Party
3304:Progressive (1948)
3277:Progressive (1924)
3258:Theodore Roosevelt
2882:Washington (state)
2390:2021-05-16 at the
2262:The New York Times
2231:The New York Times
2203:The New York Times
2122:. 18 December 2015
2119:The New York Times
2062:The New York Times
1949:The New York Times
1827:The New York Times
1494:David A. Shannon,
1476:2011-05-18 at the
1297:2020-10-20 at the
1005:2019-08-27 at the
842:Dominican Republic
725:racial segregation
678:
573:The World Tomorrow
448:Russian Revolution
442:and revolutionary
365:Electoral politics
341:The World Tomorrow
332:The World Tomorrow
6641:Writers from Ohio
6418:
6417:
6099:Robert Jay Lifton
5880:Edwin T. Dahlberg
5876:Eleanor Roosevelt
5825:
5824:
5799:
5798:
5693:Progressive Party
5664:Prohibition Party
5639:
5638:
5584:
5583:
5571:Arthur Vandenberg
5546:Douglas MacArthur
5533:Other candidates:
5476:
5475:
5458:Harley M. Kilgore
5455:Other candidates:
5345:
5344:
5319:
5318:
5310:Darlington Hoopes
5271:Prohibition Party
5226:
5225:
5203:Douglas MacArthur
5137:
5136:
5021:
5020:
4995:
4994:
4900:Prohibition Party
4876:
4875:
4868:Arthur Vandenberg
4826:Charles L. McNary
4787:
4786:
4769:John Nance Garner
4661:
4660:
4636:
4635:
4569:Thomas C. O'Brien
4493:Prohibition Party
4440:
4439:
4432:Frederick Steiwer
4399:Other candidates:
4340:
4339:
4329:Other candidates:
4321:John Nance Garner
4224:
4223:
4198:
4197:
4182:James Renshaw Cox
4156:Verne L. Reynolds
4096:Prohibition Party
4077:William Z. Foster
4043:
4042:
3958:
3957:
3930:William H. Murray
3925:John Nance Garner
3908:John Nance Garner
3819:
3818:
3793:
3792:
3766:Verne L. Reynolds
3708:William F. Varney
3698:Prohibition Party
3679:William Z. Foster
3645:
3644:
3559:
3558:
3429:
3428:
3336:left-wing parties
3329:
3328:
3289:Burton K. Wheeler
2970:
2969:
2895:
2894:
2537:
2536:
2531:Darlington Hoopes
2528:Succeeded by
2338:Swanberg, W. A.,
1236:
790:Lyndon B. Johnson
549:
548:
541:
471:social democratic
315:mayor of New York
235:Marion Daily Star
230:Warren G. Harding
184:
183:
88:December 19, 1968
73:November 20, 1884
16:(Redirected from
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6189:Edith Ballantyne
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5912:E. Stanley Jones
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5703:Henry A. Wallace
5674:Claude A. Watson
5645:
5597:
5487:
5482:Republican Party
5468:Henry A. Wallace
5447:Alben W. Barkley
5402:
5397:Democratic Party
5372:
5365:
5358:
5349:
5281:Claude A. Watson
5232:
5186:Other candidates
5174:Vice President:
5156:
5144:Republican Party
5117:Other candidates
5105:Vice President:
5086:
5074:Democratic Party
5048:
5041:
5034:
5025:
4882:
4836:Other candidates
4824:Vice President:
4806:
4794:Republican Party
4757:Other candidates
4747:Henry A. Wallace
4745:Vice President:
4726:
4714:Democratic Party
4688:
4681:
4674:
4665:
4598:Emil F. Teichert
4540:George A. Nelson
4511:Claude A. Watson
4446:
4353:
4347:Republican Party
4283:
4277:Democratic Party
4251:
4244:
4237:
4228:
4049:
4030:Joseph I. France
4013:Other candidates
4000:Vice President:
3981:
3965:Republican Party
3918:Other candidates
3906:Vice President:
3888:
3872:Democratic Party
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3651:
3615:Other candidates
3603:Vice President:
3578:
3566:Democratic Party
3546:George W. Norris
3524:Other candidates
3512:Vice President:
3494:
3482:Republican Party
3456:
3449:
3442:
3433:
3312:Henry A. Wallace
3148:Thomas E. Watson
3036:
3032:running mate(s))
3030:(candidate(s) /
2997:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2962:Social democracy
2772:
2766:Parties by state
2563:
2556:
2549:
2540:
2492:
2484:Preceded by
2476:
2472:
2471:
2415:Internet Archive
2409:Norman Thomas's
2401:Thomas, Norman.
2380:Internet Archive
2345:Thomas, Louisa,
2310:Hyfler, Robert,
2292:
2281:
2275:
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2272:
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2234:. March 28, 2004
2222:
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2172:"Evan Thomas II"
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2146:alums.vassar.edu
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2065:. August 1, 2010
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1435:Great Dissenters
1315:We Have a Future
1234:
1101:John Day Company
866:Joaquín Balaguer
850:general election
783:Folkways Records
654:Alfred M. Landon
612:Yiddish-language
544:
537:
533:
530:
524:
493:
485:
414:Victor L. Berger
401:when he ran for
263:settlement house
159:
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18:Norman M. Thomas
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5722:Socialist Party
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5687:
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5635:
5608:
5580:
5536:Riley A. Bender
5517:Thomas E. Dewey
5503:
5472:
5432:Harry S. Truman
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5391:
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5292:Socialist Party
5286:
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5218:Wendell Willkie
5198:Everett Dirksen
5193:Riley A. Bender
5181:
5176:John W. Bricker
5168:Thomas E. Dewey
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5112:
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4968:Aaron M. Orange
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4921:Socialist Party
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4818:Wendell Willkie
4797:
4783:
4779:Millard Tydings
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4707:
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4609:Christian Party
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4545:
4522:Socialist Party
4516:
4503:D. Leigh Colvin
4487:
4464:Communist Party
4458:
4436:
4412:L. J. Dickinson
4369:
4336:
4299:
4270:
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4225:
4220:
4194:
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4135:James H. Maurer
4117:Socialist Party
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4067:Communist Party
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4025:Calvin Coolidge
4008:
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3850:
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3789:
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3737:James H. Maurer
3719:Socialist Party
3713:
3692:
3687:Benjamin Gitlow
3669:Communist Party
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3641:
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3569:
3555:
3551:Frank B. Willis
3541:Frank O. Lowden
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3235:James H. Maurer
3221:Seymour Stedman
3203:Allan L. Benson
3157:
3130:James B. Weaver
3116:
3089:
3080:Absolom M. West
3076:Benjamin Butler
3062:James B. Weaver
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2298:Further reading
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2290:Wayback Machine
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2206:. March 1, 1999
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2178:. March 6, 1999
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2152:on May 30, 2016
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2011:. Our Campaigns
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4020:John J. Blaine
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4002:Charles Curtis
3997:
3993:Herbert Hoover
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3171:Eugene V. Debs
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2900:Related topics
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1829:. 30 May 1964.
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919:
918:
909:
906:
903:
900:
877:
874:
775:Walter Reuther
766:
763:
661:
658:
650:Herbert Hoover
547:
546:
497:
495:
488:
482:
479:
452:anti-Stalinism
403:State Engineer
366:
363:
307:antimilitarist
221:
218:
204:, and was the
182:
181:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
151:
147:
144:
143:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
107:
105:
101:
100:
94:
92:(aged 84)
86:
82:
81:
75:
62:
60:
56:
55:
53:Thomas in 1937
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6668:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6410:
6405:
6402:
6398:
6393:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6371:
6366:
6363:
6362:Bill McKibben
6358:
6355:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6281:
6276:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6236:
6229:
6226:
6225:Alice Frazier
6222:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6190:
6185:
6182:
6181:Roy Bourgeois
6177:
6174:
6173:Lucius Walker
6169:
6166:
6161:
6158:
6153:
6150:
6145:
6142:
6137:
6130:
6127:
6122:
6119:
6114:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6095:
6088:
6085:
6080:
6077:
6072:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6045:
6042:
6041:Martin Ennals
6038:
6033:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5993:
5988:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5962:
5959:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5942:Norman Thomas
5938:
5935:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5904:James Warburg
5901:
5900:Linus Pauling
5896:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5853:
5848:
5846:
5841:
5839:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5769:Grace Carlson
5765:
5763:
5762:
5761:Farrell Dobbs
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5732:Norman Thomas
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5682:Dale H. Learn
5678:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Edward Martin
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5373:
5368:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5302:Norman Thomas
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5229:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Harry F. Byrd
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4960:John W. Aiken
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4931:Norman Thomas
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Frank Gannett
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4590:John W. Aiken
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4561:William Lemke
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4532:Norman Thomas
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4482:James W. Ford
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:William Borah
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4164:John W. Aiken
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4127:Norman Thomas
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4085:James W. Ford
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:James A. Reed
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:Norman Thomas
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3637:Evans Woollen
3635:
3633:
3632:James A. Reed
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Liberty Party
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:Other notable
3332:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3263:
3262:Hiram Johnson
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:Norman Thomas
3229:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Massachusetts
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:and territory
2764:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:New York Post
1874:
1871:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:Norman Thomas
1705:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1637:, pp. 138–39.
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:, pp. 190–91.
1576:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:, pp. 688–91.
1535:
1530:
1527:
1524:, pp. 189–90.
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:(2010-08-01)
1468:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
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1190:
1187:
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1129:
1125:
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1119:
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1111:
1108:
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1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
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1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:B. W. Huebsch
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
989:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:Louisa Thomas
973:
969:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
923:
916:
913:
912:
910:
907:
904:
901:
899:
895:
894:
893:
891:
887:
883:
876:Personal life
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
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756:
752:
748:
743:
739:
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733:
728:
726:
722:
719:
714:
712:
707:
702:
699:
694:
692:
688:
683:
675:
671:
666:
659:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
630:
628:
624:
623:
618:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:Popular Front
601:
597:
593:
592:Lovestoneites
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
558:
554:
543:
540:
532:
522:
518:
514:
508:
507:
503:
498:This section
496:
492:
487:
486:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:in 1926, for
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
323:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
292:
288:
287:Social Gospel
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
106:
102:
97:
87:
83:
78:
61:
57:
50:
45:
41:Norman Thomas
38:
33:
19:
6399: /
6380: /
6344: /
6290: /
6272:Michael True
6223: /
6165:Ramsey Clark
6141:César Chávez
6118:Bernard Lown
6101: /
6039: /
5975: /
5948: /
5946:Jerome Davis
5944: /
5941:
5902: /
5890: /
5878: /
5807:
5788:
5780:Independents
5767:VP nominee:
5766:
5758:
5738:VP nominee:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5708:
5700:
5680:VP nominee:
5679:
5671:
5628:VP nominee:
5627:
5619:
5589:
5532:
5523:VP nominee:
5522:
5514:
5454:
5445:VP nominee:
5444:
5429:
5388:→ 1952
5380:← 1944
5327:
5308:VP nominee:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5278:
5257:
5173:
5165:
5142:
5129:James Farley
5107:Harry Truman
5104:
5095:
5072:
5064:→ 1948
5056:← 1940
5003:
4986:Gracie Allen
4984:
4978:Independents
4966:VP nominee:
4965:
4957:
4937:VP nominee:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4910:Roger Babson
4907:
4858:Arthur James
4848:Thomas Dewey
4823:
4815:
4792:
4774:Cordell Hull
4764:James Farley
4744:
4735:
4712:
4704:→ 1944
4696:← 1936
4644:
4627:Willard Kemp
4625:VP nominee:
4624:
4616:
4596:VP nominee:
4595:
4587:
4567:VP nominee:
4566:
4558:
4538:VP nominee:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4509:VP nominee:
4508:
4500:
4480:VP nominee:
4479:
4474:Earl Browder
4471:
4417:Warren Green
4398:
4389:VP nominee:
4388:
4380:
4345:
4328:
4318:
4310:
4275:
4267:→ 1940
4259:← 1932
4206:
4187:
4180:
4174:Independents
4162:VP nominee:
4161:
4153:
4133:VP nominee:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4103:
4083:VP nominee:
4082:
4074:
3999:
3990:
3963:
3905:
3897:
3870:
3862:→ 1936
3854:← 1928
3801:
3782:
3776:Independents
3764:VP nominee:
3763:
3755:
3735:VP nominee:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3705:
3685:VP nominee:
3684:
3676:
3622:Cordell Hull
3602:
3587:
3564:
3511:
3503:
3480:
3472:→ 1932
3464:← 1924
3230:
3048:Peter Cooper
3028:popular vote
3026:the national
3022:won at least
3020:tickets that
3018:Presidential
2872:Pennsylvania
2852:North Dakota
2726:
2713:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2661:
2496:
2402:
2374:A film clip
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2260:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2145:
2136:
2124:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2034:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2008:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1982:
1954:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1910:16 September
1908:. Retrieved
1893:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1796:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1754:
1746:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1648:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1613:. Retrieved
1602:
1594:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1481:
1462:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1290:
1284:Joel Seidman
1278:
1271:
1265:
1260:Devere Allen
1254:
1247:
1240:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1149:. New York:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:. New York:
1096:
1086:
1079:. New York:
1076:
1070:
1060:
1054:
1044:
1037:. New York:
1034:
1027:. New York:
1024:
1013:
998:
991:
980:
965:
943:
927:
879:
839:
824:
818:
798:
787:
778:
768:
744:
740:
735:
729:
715:
703:
695:
679:
674:Louise Boyle
639:
631:
620:
614:
585:
577:Devere Allen
572:
566:
550:
535:
526:
511:Please help
499:
474:
466:
460:
456:Leon Trotsky
437:
426:
407:
368:
344:
340:
337:Devere Allen
331:
324:
296:
283:Fifth Avenue
260:
233:
226:Marion, Ohio
223:
191:Presbyterian
186:
185:
90:(1968-12-19)
77:Marion, Ohio
6436:1968 deaths
6431:1884 births
6397:Ralph Nader
6382:Kathy Kelly
6354:Amy Goodman
6342:Ehud Bandel
6288:Karen Jacob
6211:Paula Kline
6204:Alan Wright
6014:Dorothy Day
5973:Wayne Morse
5934:A. J. Muste
5655:independent
5651:third-party
5525:Earl Warren
5241:independent
5237:Third-party
5166:President:
5101:(incumbent)
5096:President:
4891:independent
4887:Third-party
4863:Robert Taft
4816:President:
4741:(incumbent)
4736:President:
4551:Union Party
4455:independent
4451:Third-party
4427:Earl Warren
4058:independent
4054:Third party
4005:(incumbent)
3996:(incumbent)
3991:President:
3898:President:
3660:independent
3656:Third party
3588:President:
3536:Guy D. Goff
3504:President:
3193:Emil Seidel
3175:Ben Hanford
3095:Union Labor
2792:Connecticut
2651:, Endorsed
2631:Kirkpatrick
2396:Salah Bitar
2265:. p. 1
1107:As I See It
972:Evan Thomas
934:Long Island
835:Vietnam War
826:Firing Line
809:Earl Warren
801:Hotel Astor
765:Later years
755:Suez Crisis
646:Frank Hague
596:Trotskyists
562:"Old Guard"
557:"Militants"
529:August 2017
473:consensus,
418:Daniel Hoan
410:Eugene Debs
261:After some
220:Early years
178:Evan Thomas
6425:Categories
5657:candidates
5613:Candidates
5604:Convention
5508:Candidates
5494:Convention
5423:Candidates
5409:Convention
5243:candidates
5150:Convention
5080:Convention
4893:candidates
4800:Convention
4720:Convention
4457:candidates
4422:Frank Knox
4391:Frank Knox
4383:Alf Landon
4374:Candidates
4360:Convention
4304:Candidates
4290:Convention
4060:candidates
3975:Convention
3882:Convention
3662:candidates
3572:Convention
3488:Convention
3250:Bull Moose
2837:New Jersey
2782:California
2089:KU History
1864:2015-05-13
1808:2020-02-08
1708:Swanberg,
1633:Johnpoll,
1455:References
1323:New York:
1301:New York:
1235:– leaflet
1063:New York:
1047:New York:
970:columnist
854:Juan Bosch
698:Lend Lease
622:New Leader
346:The Nation
180:, grandson
69:1884-11-20
6249:2000–2019
6059:1980–1999
5867:1960–1979
5861:laureates
5759:Nominee:
5730:Nominee:
5709:Nominee:
5701:Nominee:
5672:Nominee:
5620:Nominee:
5515:Nominee:
5499:Primaries
5414:Primaries
5300:Nominee:
5279:Nominee:
5258:Nominee:
4958:Nominee:
4929:Nominee:
4908:Nominee:
4617:Nominee:
4588:Nominee:
4559:Nominee:
4530:Nominee:
4501:Nominee:
4472:Nominee:
4381:Nominee:
4365:Primaries
4295:Primaries
4154:Nominee:
4125:Nominee:
4104:Nominee:
4075:Nominee:
3971:Primaries
3878:Primaries
3756:Nominee:
3727:Nominee:
3706:Nominee:
3677:Nominee:
3163:Socialist
3040:Greenback
2887:Wisconsin
2827:Minnesota
2807:Louisiana
2498:Socialist
2238:April 13,
2210:April 13,
2182:April 13,
2156:April 13,
2098:April 13,
2069:April 13,
2041:April 13,
2015:April 13,
1989:April 13,
1725:, p. 313.
1597:, p. 191.
1593:Shannon,
1573:Shannon,
1564:, p. 190.
1560:Shannon,
1551:, p. 688.
1520:Shannon,
1399:: , 1949.
1081:Macmillan
950:Manhattan
917:(b. 1951)
890:Cleveland
602:in joint
500:does not
440:communism
279:Manhattan
258:in 1905.
198:socialist
174:Relatives
134:Socialist
6103:Kay Camp
5438:campaign
5159:Nominees
5089:Nominees
4809:Nominees
4729:Nominees
3984:Nominees
3949:campaign
3945:Al Smith
3891:Nominees
3596:campaign
3590:Al Smith
3581:Nominees
3497:Nominees
3122:Populist
2862:Oklahoma
2842:New York
2832:Missouri
2822:Michigan
2787:Colorado
2757:Friedman
2744:Friedman
2491:Endorsed
2465:LibriVox
2388:Archived
2286:Archived
2126:13 April
1956:13 April
1854:Time.com
1850:"People"
1721:Thomas,
1712:, p. 260
1474:Archived
1295:Archived
1003:Archived
967:Newsweek
387:alderman
291:pacifist
202:pacifist
194:minister
166:Children
5992:U Thant
2797:Florida
2705:Krueger
2644:Stedman
2605:Hanford
2592:Hanford
2449:of the
2445:in the
2436:Part 14
2426:Part 1A
2362:1891708
2269:May 31,
1615:21 June
1327:, 1942.
1305:, 1939.
1258:. With
1153:, 1934.
1103:, 1932.
1093:, 1931.
1083:, 1931.
1067:, 1927.
1051:, 1925.
1041:, 1923.
1031:, 1923.
886:Lincoln
856:of the
749:and of
747:Zionism
521:removed
506:sources
444:Marxism
160:
152:
148:
6221:Howard
5817:Senate
5649:Other
5337:Senate
5013:Senate
4653:Senate
4216:Senate
3811:Senate
2867:Oregon
2802:Kansas
2753:Hoopes
2740:Hoopes
2727:Thomas
2718:Hoopes
2714:Thomas
2701:Thomas
2692:Nelson
2688:Thomas
2679:Maurer
2675:Thomas
2666:Maurer
2662:Thomas
2627:Benson
2618:Seidel
2431:Part 2
2421:Part 1
2385:Letter
2360:
2176:SFGate
1901:
1762:
1740:(2013)
1655:
940:Legacy
811:, and
704:After
660:Causes
625:, the
381:, for
140:Spouse
98:, U.S.
79:, U.S.
6407:2018
6395:2017
6376:2015
6368:2014
6360:2013
6352:2012
6340:2011
6286:2004
6278:2003
6270:2002
6219:1997
6195:1996
6187:1995
6179:1994
6171:1993
6163:1992
6155:1991
6147:1990
6139:1989
6124:1987
6116:1986
6097:1984
6082:1982
6074:1981
6066:1980
6047:1979
6035:1978
6020:1976
6012:1975
5990:1972
5971:1970
5956:1968
5940:1967
5932:1966
5910:1963
5898:1962
5886:1961
5874:1960
5812:House
5332:House
5008:House
4648:House
4211:House
3806:House
2877:Texas
2812:Maine
2775:State
2731:Smith
2358:JSTOR
1282:With
985:Works
924:Death
781:, on
711:Nazis
154:(
150:
6389:2016
6334:2010
6327:2009
6320:2008
6313:2007
6306:2006
6299:2005
6264:2001
6257:2000
6239:1999
6232:1998
6133:1988
6110:1985
6091:1983
6029:1977
6006:1974
5999:1973
5984:1971
5965:1969
5926:1965
5919:1964
5653:and
5382:)
5239:and
5058:)
4889:and
4698:)
4453:and
4261:)
4056:and
3856:)
3658:and
3466:)
3320:1948
3293:1924
3266:1912
3239:1932
3225:1920
3211:1916
3197:1912
3183:1908
3181:and
3179:1904
3152:1896
3138:1892
3111:1888
3084:1884
3070:1880
3056:1876
2857:Ohio
2749:1956
2736:1952
2723:1948
2710:1944
2697:1940
2684:1936
2671:1932
2658:1928
2649:1924
2640:Debs
2636:1920
2623:1916
2614:Debs
2610:1912
2601:Debs
2597:1908
2588:Debs
2584:1904
2524:1948
2520:1944
2516:1940
2512:1936
2508:1932
2504:1928
2271:2022
2240:2016
2212:2016
2184:2016
2158:2016
2128:2016
2100:2016
2071:2016
2043:2016
2017:2016
1991:2016
1958:2016
1912:2017
1899:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1617:2018
1021:1918
944:The
888:and
670:STFU
652:and
594:and
504:any
502:cite
399:1922
391:1934
379:1925
375:1924
214:1948
212:and
210:1928
200:and
85:Died
59:Born
2463:at
2451:ZBW
2411:FBI
956:'s
713:".
515:by
373:in
281:'s
277:on
232:'s
6427::
5810::
5330::
5006::
4209::
3973:·
3880:·
3804::
2751:,
2738:,
2725:,
2712:,
2699:,
2686:,
2673:,
2660:,
2638:,
2625:,
2612:,
2599:,
2586:,
2522:,
2518:,
2514:,
2510:,
2506:,
2417::
2259:.
2228:.
2200:.
2174:.
2144:.
2116:.
2091:.
2087:.
2059:.
2033:.
2007:.
1981:.
1966:^
1946:.
1928:.
1852:.
1825:.
1619:.
1582:^
1541:^
1480:,
978:.
936:.
837:.
807:,
761:.
676:)
575:,
477:.
465:,
405:.
361:.
322:.
216:.
156:m.
5851:e
5844:t
5837:v
5390:)
5386:(
5378:(
5371:e
5364:t
5357:v
5152:)
5148:(
5082:)
5078:(
5066:)
5062:(
5054:(
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5040:t
5033:v
4802:)
4798:(
4722:)
4718:(
4706:)
4702:(
4694:(
4687:e
4680:t
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4269:)
4265:(
4257:(
4250:e
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3977:)
3969:(
3951:)
3947:(
3884:)
3876:(
3864:)
3860:(
3852:(
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3831:v
3574:)
3570:(
3490:)
3486:(
3474:)
3470:(
3462:(
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3441:v
3322:)
3318:(
3314:/
3295:)
3291:(
3287:/
3268:)
3264:(
3260:/
3241:)
3237:(
3233:/
3227:)
3223:(
3219:/
3213:)
3209:(
3205:/
3199:)
3195:(
3191:/
3185:)
3177:(
3173:/
3154:)
3150:(
3146:/
3140:)
3136:(
3132:/
3113:)
3109:(
3105:/
3086:)
3082:(
3078:/
3072:)
3068:(
3064:/
3058:)
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