245:" for staff affiliated with CBS. He then began working as a general technician on radio productions, and he founded the "Columbia Radio Players", a career-training workshop for CBS employees. It was there where Macdonnell gained instruction in voice acting and his early knowledge about organizing and directing radio broadcasts. In 1946, after returning to California from his service in World War II, he resumed his employment in Los Angeles with CBS Radio and was soon involved with directing several of the network's most popular dramatic programs,
320:—to be targeted at a much more mature audience, a series that Macdonnell referred to as an "'adult Western'". Adapting elements from the 1949 proposal, the two men expanded on the background narratives relating to their series' general chronology and specific location. Set in the 1870s, stories were situated in southwestern Kansas, centered principally in the rowdy, "hard-drinking" cattle town of
405:, Macdonnell's work as producer and director and Meston's scripts would dominate for years the radio series' weekly episodes, which were often complimented in reviews in trade publications for their voice acting, dialogue, pacing, music, and sound effects. Macdonnell's contributions to the now-classic Western were numerous and profound. He not only produced and directed many radio episodes of
409:, he also wrote and co-wrote some broadcasts during the series' nine-year run on radio. Yet, in interviews he was quick to express his admiration for the stories produced on "Meston's 'grubby little typewriter'" and to credit Meston for establishing very high, consistent standards for the content of
600:
in their respective roles as
Marshal Dillon, Chester (his surname changed from Proudfoot to Goode), Doc, and Kitty. By 1958, in fact, the two formats of the series were together drawing a weekly audience of 55 million listeners and viewers. Macdonnell by then was already serving too as producer of
571:
s adaptation to television. Macdonnell was widely respected in the radio industry and within CBS itself, but he was not assigned by the network to serve as the initial producer and director for the series' early televised presentations. CBS chose others with more experience in films and television
507:
s weekly radio installments, as well as on the series' recent adaptation to television. Since the late 1940s, the adaptation of a series popular radio show to the rapidly expanding medium of television was fairly common occurrence in the broadcast industry. However, such adaptations in reverse—the
567:" for the first time. The series would remain a staple in CBS Television's weekly lineup of programming for 20 years, becoming over that time "the longest-running prime-time drama series in TV history". Yet, unlike the radio series, Macdonnell and John Meston would not be the chief developers of
316:. That series had proven to be very popular among juvenile listeners; however, due to contractual complications the proposed CBS series was shelved. Two years later Macdonnell and Meston discovered the proposal while developing their own concept for a Western, although one they envisioned—unlike
583:
s premiere on television, both
Macdonnell and Meston remained busy with the new episodes of the radio series and with adapting episodes already broadcast on CBS Radio for replay in a visual format. The radio version of the series continued to be popular for several years after the debut of its
614:
for four consecutive seasons. Macdonnell would remain with the series until the fall of 1964, when he was "suddenly" dismissed due to creative differences with the head of CBS Television and due to continuing production problems the series' was having with its expansion to a one-hour format.
539:", aired on November 23, 1958, a year and a half after its televised counterpart. At a time when radio dramas, adventure series, and comedies were increasingly being abandoned by sponsors and audiences in favor of televised programming, the "duplicate" of
740:
by SuzAnne and Gabor
Barabas is a comprehensive reference regarding the development of both the radio and television series. It provides profiles of every episode broadcast in the two media and includes a photograph of Macdonnell with Meston on page
371:
was broadcast for the first time from radio station KNX in
Hollywood on Saturday, April 26, 1952. The premiere episode, "Billy the Kid", was well received by both critics and the general public; and in the weeks that followed the ratings for
213:. With regard to Norman's education, after high school he completed three years of college before joining the military just prior to the United States' formal involvement in World War II. On December 2, 1941—only five days before Japan's
1259:, digital copy of original marriage documents signed by Macdonnell and Judith E. Murray prior to wedding ceremony on January 6, 1946; California Department of Health Services, Sacramento. FamilySearch. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
713:. The couple subsequently had one child, a daughter; and they remained married until Norman's death in 1979. On November 28 that year, less than three weeks after his 63rd birthday, he died of kidney failure at a hospital in
609:
as a popular and critical success on television as well, the series "achieved its greatest popularity" under
Macdonnell's control. Between 1957 and 1961, the television series earned the ranking as America's top show in the
495:, it was well written and producer-director Norman Macdonnell gave it an added lift via some fancy production trappings. His sound effects, for example, were so effective that they might well have rated a separate billing.
343:, Macdonnell began developing a detailed production schedule for the new series' 30-minute episodes and arranging auditions to cast its recurring characters. His and Meston's "Jeff Spain" soon became United States
894:
397:
s assessment and to reflect the type of audience that
Macdonnell and Meston intended to attract, for much of the complimentary mail arriving at the network "came from a highly educated section of the population".
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colleague John Meston, who wrote many episodes for the new series, including the one for its initial broadcast from
Hollywood on Sunday afternoon, January 22, 1956. In its review of that premiere episode for
861:"California Birth Index, 1905-1995," database 61903/1:1:V25Z-KMZ, Norman S. Macdonnell, November 8, 1916, Los Angeles, California, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.
534:
performing in the same role as Boone. Macdonnell, who reportedly had promoted the radio-adaptation idea inside the network, was assigned to organize and direct the episodes. The first episode, "Strange
605:
on television, having been assigned to replace Warren, who left the series at the end of its second season due to "fatigue" and to pursue other projects. While Warren's guidance had firmly established
443:, which aired between 1950 and 1951 and was presented in an unusual format, as "a radio show within a radio show". Then, in 1956, Macdonnell produced and directed another 30-minute radio "
897:, Norman S. Macdonnell, enlistment "02 Dec 1941", Los Angeles, CA. The National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland. FamilySearch. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
285:, which premiered in July 1947, Macdonnell started working with writer John Meston with whom he would collaborate on future projects, including the radio and television versions of
425:
from 1952 through the rest of that decade, Macdonnell managed to direct for CBS several other well-established and new series during the 1950s. He continued to direct episodes of
1348:
1019:, May 1958, p. 51. Lantern Media History Digital Library in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Communication Arts. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
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was chosen by
Macdonnell, Meston, and two other CBS screeners to portray that lead character. Other seasoned actors soon filled the needed regular supporting roles, including
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creation a radio version of an already successful television series—was rarely done. Macdonnell was presented with that challenge in 1958. On television, the weekly series
518:
in the role of "Paladin", a well-educated, cultured resident of 1870s San
Francisco who advertised his services as a gunfighter or well-armed "negotiator" for hire.
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128:(November 8, 1916 – November 28, 1979) was an American producer for radio, television, and feature films. He is best known for co-creating with writer
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had premiered in
September 1957 and quickly established itself as a critical and financial hit for CBS. The star of that television Western was
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and scripting values that pull it way ahead of the pack of AM westerns." The growing number of fan letters received by CBS appeared to confirm
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767:(1955-1975), their original airing dates, and the director and writer(s) of each episode are provided at the following Knowledge (XXG) link:
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for those responsibilities, including, most notably, someone with far more "impressive credentials in directing films, especially Westerns":
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praised the first episode's story and acting, and he commended Macdonnell's direction in particular, describing the new series as "a blazing
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217:—he enlisted in the United States Army. Later in the war, in 1944, he was among the first divisions of American soldiers that invaded
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Talcott) and James S. Macdonnell. James had immigrated to the United States from Canada in 1902 and by 1920 was a bank president in
880:, federal census, archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
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848:(Washington, D.C.), advertised on cover as "The Newsweekly of Television and Radio Telecasting", June 13, 1949, p. 58, col. 3.
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661:, starting with its fourth season. In 1965, Macdonnell was also a producer of "The Easter Breach", an episode for NBC's series
328:, after a character they created and used earlier in several episodes of an anthology series they had done. Their boss at CBS,
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All of the radio episodes, their respective writers, and their initial broadcast dates are provided at the internal link "
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876:, original enumeration page, Macdonnell family, "Pasadena township", Los Angeles County, California, January 2, 1920.
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In 1949 executives and programmers at CBS Radio began planning a new weekly Western for the network, one inspired by
179:
1182:, originally broadcast April 17, 1958. WorldCat, OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
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in the title role. Two years later he produced for Universal's television division the made-for-television movie
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Other radio series that Macdonnell either produced, directed, or at various times wrote scripts for include
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241:'s nationwide network. He initially worked as a studio tour guide at KNX and as a low-level assistant or "
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by October 28, 1956, after broadcasting only 41 episodes. Macdonnell, though, remained busy working on
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1102:, profile of the radio series' development and content. Radio Archives. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
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651:, serving as executive producer on over 110 episodes of another long-running Western series,
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at station KNX, which served as the center for West Coast or "Hollywood" programming for the
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1115:, detailed review of the CBS radio series, November 11, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
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Not all of Macdonnell's production work was limited to radio and television series. For
633:, and "Mountain Man", an episode for yet another CBS series, the post-Civil War Western
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Three years before his enlistment in the army, Macdonnell's radio career had begun in
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1087:, January 25, 1956, p. 34, cols. 1-2. Internet Archive. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
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was adapted to television; and that year, on September 10, it was broadcast on the "
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proved successful, continuing for over two years with 106 episodes being broadcast.
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That series' lead character is a cavalry officer, Captain Lee Quince, performed by
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Despite receiving additional positive reviews from media critics, CBS cancelled
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Norman Scarth Macdonnell was born in California in 1916. Named in honor of his
1002:, April 30, 1952, p. 28, col. 3. Internet Archive. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
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911:
Gunsmoke: A Complete History and Analysis of the Legendary Broadcast Series
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Gunsmoke: A Complete History and Analysis of the Legendary Broadcast Series
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once again focused special attention on Macdonnell's directorial "touches":
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Tune in Yesterday: The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio, 1925-1976
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336:, a program heading that Ackerman himself was credited with conceiving.
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324:. Originally, Macdonnell and Meston planned to name their new Western
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Along with his ongoing responsibilities with the radio broadcasts of
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1231:, November 8, 2017, Sirius XM Radio, Inc. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
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Macdonnell produced other television programs outside his work for
222:
709:, Macdonnell married Judith E. (née Bennett) Murray, a native of
363:, whose initial role in the series would quickly evolve into the
913:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 1990, p. 58.
332:, and other network executives dismissed that title, preferring
312:, which was then being broadcast nationally by another company,
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1268:"Norman S. Macdonnell, Creator of 'Gunsmoke' for Radio, Dies",
1050:(New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 296, 327.
895:"United States World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938-1946"
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grandfather, he was the youngest of four children of Alice L. (
1276:, ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
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series, instructional shows, and comedies. Some of those were
184:
673:, which aired briefly during the 1966-1967 broadcast season.
527:, CBS decided to duplicate the series on radio with veteran
852:, San Francisco, California. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
457:, who a year later would move to television and star on
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as Marshal Dillon's trusty assistant Chester Proudfoot,
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from 1952 to 1961, and on television from 1955 to 1975.
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In 1955, Macdonnell and John Meston's radio version of
183:. He was also a long-time executive producer for the
1272:, December 1, 1979, p. A34. Archives (1923-1995) of
1127:, TV.com, CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
667:. He then produced an additional televised Western,
521:Wanting to capitalize further on the popularity of
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1247:(TCM), Time Warner, Inc. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
1113:"The Origin of Have Gun—Will Travel (Radio, 1958)"
413:episodes throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s.
16:American radio and television producer (1916–1979)
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484:Although the yarn was reminiscent of a typical
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874:"Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920"
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1349:United States Army personnel of World War II
909:Barabas, SuzAnne and Barabas, Gabor (1990).
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763:All the titles of the televised episodes of
680:in 1967 he produced the comedy feature film
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1225:"Happy Birthday, Norman Macdonnell!"
769:List of Gunsmoke television episodes
463:. Collaborating with Macdonnell on
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1354:Military personnel from California
1344:20th-century American male writers
619:Other television series and movies
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998:, review of first radio episode,
985:Barabas, "Billy the Kid", p. 359.
359:as Dr. Charles "Doc" Adams, and
268:The Adventures of Philip Marlowe
164:The Adventures of Philip Marlowe
1200:The Hour (Norwalk, Connecticut)
752:List of Gunsmoke radio episodes
433:; and prior to the premiere of
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1:
1223:Shreve, Jr., Ivan G. (2017).
1241:"The Ballad of Josie (1968)"
239:Columbia Broadcasting System
584:televised counterpart with
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1111:Grams, Martin Jr. (2011).
347:, and veteran voice actor
314:Mutual Broadcasting System
289:and the 1956 radio series
417:Other radio series, 1950s
367:"hostess" Kitty Russell.
142:, which was broadcast on
1339:Writers from Los Angeles
1324:American radio producers
696:McMasters of Sweetwater.
126:Norman Scarth Macdonnell
33:Norman Scarth Macdonnell
1100:"Have Gun, Will Travel"
1046:Dunning, John. (1998).
813:"Rogers of the Gazette"
790:Dunning, John. (1976).
705:On January 6, 1946, in
701:Personal life and death
1329:American radio writers
1011:Budge, Gordon (1958).
934:Barabas, p. 15-16, 24.
794:. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
664:Kraft Suspense Theatre
657:(1962-1971), starring
643:. Then, after leaving
574:Charles Marquis Warren
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215:attack on Pearl Harbor
180:Have Gun – Will Travel
1245:Turner Classic Movies
1070:Dunning, pp. 258-259.
1028:Barabas, pp. 374-403.
555:on the "small screen"
440:The Harold Peary Show
278:The Harold Peary Show
175:Rogers of the Gazette
95:Judith Estelle Murray
840:"CBS Mystery Series"
541:Have Gun—Will Travel
524:Have Gun—Will Travel
511:Have Gun—Will Travel
221:-occupied France on
47:Pasadena, California
1125:"Norman Macdonnell"
967:Barabas, pp. 22-23.
715:Burbank, California
683:The Ballad of Josie
345:Marshal Matt Dillon
281:. While working on
66:Burbank, California
1202:. December 1, 1979
958:, May 1958, p. 86.
678:Universal Pictures
187:television series
1290:Norman Macdonnell
1274:Los Angeles Times
1270:Los Angeles Times
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60:(1979-11-28)
1314:1979 deaths
1309:1916 births
1013:"Gunsmoke!"
952:"Gunsmoke!"
659:James Drury
532:John Dehner
460:Perry Mason
378:trade paper
353:Parley Baer
235:Los Angeles
130:John Meston
1303:Categories
996:"Gunsmoke"
721:References
547:Television
490:Gene Autry
486:Roy Rogers
411:Gunsmoke's
326:Jeff Spain
322:Dodge City
197:Early life
39:1916-11-08
688:Doris Day
686:starring
636:The Texan
581:Gunsmoke'
569:Gunsmoke'
505:Gunsmoke'
447:" drama,
387:radioater
247:anthology
144:CBS Radio
85:1938–1975
765:Gunsmoke
707:Pasadena
645:Gunsmoke
625:Gunsmoke
607:Gunsmoke
603:Gunsmoke
561:Gunsmoke
553:Gunsmoke
537:Vendetta
469:Gunsmoke
467:was his
445:Old West
435:Gunsmoke
427:Suspense
423:Gunsmoke
407:Gunsmoke
403:Gunsmoke
395:Variety'
391:thesping
374:Gunsmoke
369:Gunsmoke
341:Gunsmoke
334:Gunsmoke
302:on radio
300:Gunsmoke
287:Gunsmoke
252:Suspense
211:Pasadena
203:paternal
152:Suspense
139:Gunsmoke
116:Children
1206:June 2,
1085:Variety
1000:Variety
950:Budge,
825:June 2,
778:Sources
478:Variety
382:Variety
273:Romance
136:series
134:Western
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596:, and
579:After
431:Escape
365:saloon
283:Escape
275:, and
262:Escape
177:, and
158:Escape
90:Spouse
68:, U.S.
49:, U.S.
816:(PDF)
726:Notes
639:with
493:oater
223:D-Day
104:(
100:
1294:IMDb
1208:2014
1052:ISBN
827:2014
796:ISBN
741:232.
429:and
243:page
219:Nazi
132:the
55:Died
29:Born
1292:at
649:NBC
488:or
207:née
185:NBC
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