North-West Rebellion - Knowledge (XXG)

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economic opportunities, collective action on the part of Indigenous communities, and changes in governments at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. Miller says that early relations between Indigenous people and Euro-Canadian were characterized by a mutuality and collaboration, with each remaining autonomous, especially in trading relationships and as military allies. Miller says that this mutuality "held good for far longer than white historiography has tended to see. The mutuality collapsed through competition for resources particularly as agricultural settlers arrived in increasing numbers. In his chapter on the rebellion, Miller says that the way histories about the conflict have been written are based on "a great deal of misunderstanding and myth-making" and that there was no Indian rebellion in 1885.

1490: 897: 1548: 1422: 64: 1528:(CPR) played a key role in the government's response to the conflict, as it was able to transport federal troops to the area quickly. While it had taken three months to get troops to the Red River Rebellion, the government was able to move forces in nine days by train in response to events in the North-West Territories. The successful operation increased political support for the floundering and incomplete railway, which had been close to financial collapse. The government authorized enough funds to finish the line. Thus, Prime Minister 156: 172: 1557: 1124:. In addition, he had the support of a small number of members of First Nations. Riel's supporters included the older, less assimilated Métis, often with close associations with the First Nations population. Many moved back and forth into First Nations communities and preferred to speak Indigenous languages more than French. Riel's opponents were younger, better educated Métis; they wanted to be more integrated into Canadian society, not to set up a separate domain as Riel promised. 6361: 2060: 1715: 1244: 1787: 318: 269: 2046: 1048: 6348: 1317: 1208:, attacked the small town. Angered by what seemed to be unfair treaties and the withholding of vital provisions by the Canadian government, and also by the dwindling buffalo population, their main source of food, Big Bear and his Cree decided to rebel after the successful Métis victory at Duck Lake. They gathered all the white settlers in the area into the local church. They killed Thomas Quinn, the town's 1084: 1075: 1066: 1057: 340: 329: 307: 296: 285: 1142: 69: 1755:"Cut Knife Battlefield. Named after Chief Cut Knife of the Sarcee in an historic battle with the Cree. On 2nd May 1885, Lt. Col. W. D. Otter led 325 troops composed of North-West Mounted Police, "B" Battery, "C" Company, Foot Guards, Queen's Own and Battleford Rifles, against Cree and Assiniboine under Poundmaker and Fine Day. After an engagement of six hours, the troops retreated to Battleford." 817: 5635: 1394: 5644: 845:, a Cree chief, to embark on a diplomatic campaign to renegotiate the terms of the treaties (the timing of this campaign happened to coincide with an increased sense of frustration among the Métis). When the Cree initiated violence in the spring of 1885, it was almost certainly unrelated to the revolt of Riel and the Métis (which was already underway). In both the 968: 920: 1032: 984: 952: 936: 904: 1000: 1016: 1868:. Stanley focused on the racial aspects of the rebellion. He demonstrated empathy with the plight of the Métis and First Nations, although in hindsight his work would now be described by many as both "racist and close-minded". Until the early 2000s, Stanley's served as the foundational textbook providing the accepted narrative on the events. 1109:

5,373 which included the Southbranch settlements with about 1,300. The South branch settlement was the centre of Louis Riel's Provisional Government of Saskatchewan during the conflict. To the west, the Battleford sub-district where the Cree uprising of people in bands led by Poundmaker and Big Bear occurred, had 3,603 people.

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and one for the killing of a Mountie at Fort Pitt on April 15. Fort Battleford has been declared a national historic site of Canada to commemorate its role as military base of operations for Cut Knife Hill and Fort Pitt, as a refuge for 500 settlers, and as battlefield itself (the Siege of Battleford).

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Fort Otter was constructed at Battleford's government house at the capital of the North-West Territories. Poundmaker was arrested at Fort Battleford and sentenced to a prison term. Eight First Nations men were hanged, five for murders in the Frog Lake Massacre, two for murders in the Battleford area,

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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police training depot at Regina was established in 1874, and still survives. The RCMP chapel, a frame building built in 1885, is still standing. It was used to jail Indian prisoners. One of three Territorial Government Buildings still stands on Dewdney Avenue in the city of

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BATOCHE. In 1872, Xavier Letendre dit Batoche founded a village at this site where Métis freighters crossed the South Saskatchewan River. About 50 families had claimed the river lots in the area by 1884. Widespread anxiety regarding land claims and a changing economy provoked a resistance against the

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itself. The greatly outnumbered but well-entrenched Métis fighters ran out of ammunition after three days of battle and siege. The Métis resorted to firing sharp objects and small rocks from their guns. They were finally killed or dispersed when Canadian soldiers advanced on their own and overran the

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The first militia to struggle westward had to contend with the many lengthy breaks in the CPR line in northern Ontario. They marched through snow, or were carried in exposed sleighs. Where there were short stretches of track, the militia rode on hastily-constructed railroad flatcars which did nothing

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Riel was captured, put on trial, and convicted of treason. Despite many pleas across Canada for clemency, he was hanged. Riel became a heroic martyr to Francophone Canada. That was one cause for the rise of ethnic tensions into a deep division, whose repercussions continue to be felt. The suppression

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The Saskatchewan Métis requested land grants; the government granted these to all by the end of 1887. The government resurveyed the official surveys to allow pre-existing Métis riverlots in accordance with their wishes. The Métis did not understand the long term value of their new land, however, and

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The District of Saskatchewan, part of the North-West Territories in 1885, was divided into three sub-districts and had a population of 10,595. To the east, the Carrot River sub-district with 1,770 people remained quiet. The Prince Albert sub-district in the centre of the district had a population of

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article as the "first overall survey of Aboriginal–newcomer history in Canada". Miller "consistently highlighted the Aboriginal perspective". By 2018, when the book was reprinted for the fourth time, the relationships between Indigenous peoples and settlers had evolved further driven by priorities,

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were acting in unison. By the end of the 1870s, the stage was set for discontent among the aboriginal people of the prairies: the bison population was in serious decline (creating enormous economic difficulties) and, in an attempt to assert control over aboriginal settlement, the federal government

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culture. A year after the survey the 36 families of the parish of St. Louis found that their land and village site that included a church and a school (in Township 45, Range 7 west of the 2nd Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey) had been sold by the Crown to the Prince Albert Colonization Company.

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Batoche, where the Métis Provisional Government had been formed, has been declared a National Historic Site. Batoche marks the site of Gabriel Dumont's grave site, Albert Caron's House, Batoche school, Batoche cemetery, Letendre store, Dumont's river crossing, Gariépy's crossing, Batoche crossing,

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The conflict was Canada's first independent military action. It cost about $ 5 million, and lost the Conservative Party most of their support in Quebec. It guaranteed Anglophone control of the Prairies, and demonstrated the national government was capable of decisive action. Those who served

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In the spring of 2008, Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport Minister Christine Tell proclaimed in Duck Lake, that "the 125th commemoration, in 2010, of the 1885 Northwest Rebellion is an excellent opportunity to tell the story of the prairie Métis and First Nations peoples' struggle with Government

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Flanagan spent much of his academic career focusing on issues related to the Métis and Louis Riel. Since the 1970s Tom Flanagan published numerous scholarly studies "debunking the heroism of Métis icon Louis Riel, arguing against native land claims, and calling for an end to aboriginal rights."

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in the largest mass hanging in Canadian history. These men, found guilty of killing outside of the military conflict, were Wandering Spirit, (Kapapamahchakwew) a Plains Cree war chief, Little Bear (Apaschiskoos), Walking the Sky (AKA Round the Sky), Bad Arrow, Miserable Man, Iron Body, Ika (AKA

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Riel had been invited in to lead the movement but he turned it into a military action with a heavily religious tone, thereby alienating the Catholic clergy, the whites, nearly all of the First Nations, and most of the Métis. He had a force of a couple hundred Métis and a smaller number of First

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can be used synonymously, its use in relation to this conflict has been a subject of debate, with some academics arguing the usage of one term changes the perspective of how the conflict is understood. As a result, Indigenous studies scholars and many historians refer to Indigenous uprisings in

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Duck Lake is home to the Duck Lake Historical Museum and the Duck Lake Regional Interpretive Centre, and murals that present the history of the conflict in the area. The Battle of Duck Lake, the Duck Lake Massacre, and a buffalo jump are all located here. The "First Shots Cairn" was erected on

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For Riel and the Métis, several factors had changed since the Red River Rebellion. The railway had been completed across the prairies in 1883, though sections were still under construction north of Lake Superior, making it easier for the government to get troops into the area. In addition, the

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by historian Bob Beal and journalist Rod Macleod. They downplayed the event as local with "no real legacy of bitterness in the West". They describe it as an incident during the white settlers' occupation of the North-West Territories and government's imposition of their laws on the indigenous

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is the world's largest tomahawk, the Poundmaker Historical Centre and Big Bear monument/cairn erected by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. There is also now, correctly located, a cairn erected upon Cut Knife Hill, which is the viewing site of the Poundmaker Battle site and

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of militia was forced to retreat. Fine-Day was affiliated with the chief Poundmaker, who surrendered to government troops later that same month. Big Bear did not fight in the battle and personally prevailed on the Cree fighters not to harass the retreating Canadian troops.

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clergy, Euro-Canadian settlers who had previously supported the protest against government policies, many Indigenous persons in the western Prairies, and even some Métis. Riel had the allegiance of about 250 armed Métis, 250 Indigenous fighters and at least one white man

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over units in Middleton's column numbering 900 soldiers. The reversal, though not decisive enough to alter the outcome of the war, temporarily halted the advance of Middleton's column toward Batoche. That was where the Métis made their final stand two weeks later.

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Canadian Government. Here, 300 Métis and Indians led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont fought a force of 800 men commanded by Major-General Middleton between May 9 and 12, 1885. The resistance failed but the battle did not mean the end of the community of Batoche.

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On the centenary of the conflict, a conference entitled "1885 and After: Native Society in Transition" was held in May at the University of Saskatchewan. During the centenary, a number of articles and books were published on the topic including the five-volume

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reaction to European colonization as resistances; as many Indigenous nations self-governed the land before the Canadian government exerted their sovereignty over it. Use of the term resistance has also spread to other organizations and publications, including

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was not protecting their rights, their land, and their survival as a distinct people. Fighting broke out in late March, and the conflict ended in June. About 91 people were killed in the fighting that occurred that spring before the conflict ended with the

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Demoralized, defenceless, and with no hope of relief after Poundmaker's surrender, most of Big Bear's fighters surrendered over the next few weeks. On July 2 Big Bear surrendered to the NWMP on an island in the Saskatchewan River near Fort Carlton.

1908:, Douglas Light focused on the local history of the region incorporating Métis and First Nation perspectives on events including accounts of everyday life. This was described as a "valuable and distinctive contribution to rebellion historiography". 1837:, who was the University of Saskatchewan's first librarian, compiled many of the original manuscripts, transcripts, and photographs related to the 1885 conflict that were made available in 1995 as part of project funded by Industry Canada in 1995. 1119:

The Métis population in Saskatchewan in 1885 was about 5,400. A majority tried to stay neutral in the dispute with the national government, as the priests recommended. About 350 armed men supported Riel. A smaller number opposed him, led by

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The Narrows between Makwa Lake and Sanderson Bay, in the Makwa Lake Provincial Park, was the site of the last engagement of the conflict. Steele Narrows Provincial Historic Park conserves the lookout point of a Cree burial ground.

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capitulated and agreed to negotiate with the attackers. Big Bear released the remaining police officers but kept the townspeople as hostages and destroyed the fort. Six days later, Inspector Dickens and his men reached safety at

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being controlled by English speakers, who allowed only a very limited francophone presence, and helped cause the alienation of French Canadians, who were embittered by the repression of their countrymen. The key role that the

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caught up to Big Bear's force, which was fleeing northward after the battle at Frenchman's Butte. Big Bear's fighters were almost out of ammunition and fled after a short exchange of fire and the release of their hostages.

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Riel's trial and Macdonald's refusal to commute his sentence caused lasting upset in Quebec, and led to a fundamental francophone distrust of Anglophone politicians. French Canada felt it had been unfairly targeted.

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to the West. Eventually, over a period of many weeks, Middleton brought 3,000 troops to the West, and incorporated another 2,000, mostly English-Canadian volunteers, and 500 North-West Mounted Police into his force.

7464: 5177: 2562: 1263:, and of militia artillery, the Winnipeg Field Battery, already existed. After Duck Lake, the government immediately commenced the mobilization of some of Canada's ill-equipped part-time militia units (the 2822:

McPhillips' alphabetical and business directory of the district of Saskatchewan, N.W.T.: Together with brief historical sketches of Prince Albert, Battleford and the other settlements in the district, 1888

1946:. He updated his "1885 Northwest Resistance Movement Biographies" in 2018 which lists the men and women who participated in the 1885 Northwest Resistance. Barwell's research, which is published by the 3171:

McPhillips' alphabetical and business directory of the district of Saskatchewan, N.W.T.: Together with brief historical sketches of Prince Albert, Battleford and the other settlements in the district

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McPhillips' alphabetical and business directory of the district of Saskatchewan, N.W.T.: Together with brief historical sketches of Prince Albert, Battleford and the other settlements in the district

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McPhillips' alphabetical and business directory of the district of Saskatchewan, N.W.T.: Together with brief historical sketches of Prince Albert, Battleford and the other settlements in the district

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to shelter them from the extreme cold. Many of the soldiers suffered greatly from the winter weather. However, the first troops sent west were, in succeeding weeks, followed by thousands more.

5877: 463: 2767: 2972: 2413: 4641: 2589: 2033:, by Maia Caron (Ronsdale Press: 2017), a historical novel centered on the North-West Rebellion through the perspectives of Métis women, Gabriel Dumont, Louis Riel, and others involved. 1747:

Frog Lake Massacre National Historic Site of Canada, at Frog Lake, Alberta, is the location of a Cree uprising that occurred in the District of Saskatchewan, North-West Territories.

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The Battle of Fish Creek National Historic Site, the name has been changed to Tourond's Coulee / Fish Creek National Historic Site to preserve the battlefield of April 24, 1885, at

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played in transporting troops caused support by the Conservative government to increase, and Parliament authorized funds to complete the country's first transcontinental railway.

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as a landmark commemorating the scene of the first shots in the Battle of Duck Lake. Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine at St. Laurent north of Duck Lake is a local pilgrimage site.

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Site has been rebuilt as it had been ravaged by three separate fires. Big Bear (Mistahimaskwa) used the site in his initial negotiations for

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in 1885 (within the black diamonds) included the central section of Saskatchewan and extended into present-day Alberta and Manitoba. The area of conflict is circled in black.

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is still performed. Following the May trial, Louis Riel was hanged November 16, 1885. The RCMP Heritage Centre, in Regina, opened in May 2007. The Métis brought his body to

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often violated the terms of the treaties it had signed during the latter part of the decade. Thus, widespread dissatisfaction with the treaties and rampant poverty spurred

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The French language and Catholic religion faced increasing marginalisation in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as exemplified by the emerging controversy surrounding the

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from Montreal, were also quickly mobilized. Soon every major city in the East was the scene of embarkation for inexperienced young militiamen cheered by immense crowds.

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The government addressed the critical food shortage of the Cree and Assiniboine by sending food and other supplies. Poundmaker and Big Bear were sentenced to prison.

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Crooked Leg) and Man Without Blood, for murders committed at Frog Lake and at Battleford (the murders of Farm Instructor Payne and Battleford farmer Barney Tremont).

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Recognizing that an uprising might be imminent, the federal government had, three days before Duck Lake, sent Major General Frederick Middleton, the commander of the

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conducted research on the 1885 conflict and Louis Riel in the 1930s while completing his postgraduate degrees at Oxford University, where he published his 1936 book

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While the conflict was ongoing, the American and British press took note of the actions of both the Métis and the Canadian Government. Some newspapers, such as the

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The role of aboriginal peoples prior to—and during—the outbreak of the conflict is often misunderstood. A number of factors have created the misconception that the

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The 1885 census of Assiniboia, Saskatchewan and Alberta reported a total population of 48,362. Of this, 20,170 people (about 40 percent) were Status Indians.

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Frenchman Butte, a national historic site of Canada, is the location of the 1885 battle between Cree and Canadian troops of Strange's Alberta Field Force.

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At the University of Saskatchewan, Alan Anderson prepared a report on French Settlements in Saskatchewan that informed relevant content in the online

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Report upon the suppression of the rebellion in the North-West Territories and matters in connection therewith, in 1885: Presented to Parliament.

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Report upon the suppression of the rebellion in the North-West Territories and matters in connection therewith, in 1885: Presented to Parliament.

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Report upon the suppression of the rebellion in the North-West Territories and matters in connection therewith, in 1885: Presented to Parliament.

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at Winnipeg, had been invited to lead the movement of protest; he turned it into a military action with a heavily religious tone. That alienated

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Report upon the suppression of the rebellion in the North-West Territories and matters in connection therewith, in 1885: Presented to Parliament

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After the fighting, new Territorial Council ridings were created, although still only covering specific areas of concentrated settlement. The

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to secure Edmonton from attack, then went down the North Saskachewan River to Fort Pitt, then moving overland in pursuit of Big Bear's band.

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occurred shortly after the conflict, where he was found guilty of high treason, and hanged. His trial sparked a national controversy between

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Fort Ethier, a two-story log blockhouse built by Strange's Alberta Field Force in its march north to Edmonton, still stands near Wetaskiwin.

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was his first publication of biographies of participants in the Métis resistance. Barkwell is also the author of the 2011 305-page book

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was held. The Scrip Commission was dispatched to the District of Saskatchewan and to present-day Alberta to address Métis land claims.

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with about 800 people followed by Battleford with about 500 people who were "divided about equally between French, Métis and English".

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On March 26, 1885, the 150 to 200 Métis and Aboriginal warriors under the command of Gabriel Dumont defeated a combined group of 90

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and then moved north toward Batoche. His column left from Qu'Appelle on April 6 and arrived at Batoche a month later, fighting the

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The Prince Albert blockhouse was employed by the North-West Mounted Police on evacuating from Fort Carlton after the first fire.

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of the United States. The defeat of the Métis and Riel's capture led to the collapse of the Provisional Government.

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Riel surrendered on May 15. Gabriel Dumont and other participants in the uprising escaped across the border to the

1341: 1329: 1166: 3763:"The Catholic Mahdi of the North West': Louis Riel and the Metis Resistance in Transatlantic and Imperial Context" 1421: 63: 7671: 7223: 6610: 6537: 6453: 6170: 5750: 5602: 1979: 1819: 1818:, Manitoba. A statue for Wm. B. Osgoode and John Rogers, who fell in action at Cutknife Hill, also stands at the 1807: 1791: 1613: 1154: 870: 705: 7235: 5212:

Barrett, Matthew. "'Hero of the Half-Breed Rebellion': Gabriel Dumont and Late Victorian Military Masculinity."

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The next major academic work to treat the "rebellion as a whole" since Stanley's, was the 1984 publication

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By May 28, Major General Thomas Bland Strange brought his mixed force - militia and a NWMP detachment from

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Dick, Lyle (Autumn 2004). "Nationalism and Visual Media in Canada: The Case of Thomas Scott's Execution".

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are commemorated through a number of memorials in Canada, including the North-West Rebellion Monument in

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populations, approached Battleford. The inhabitants fled to the nearby North-West Mounted Police post,

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was reprinted and used as a textbook. Stanley's 1936 book and the 1972 book published by his student

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Poundmaker and several of the chiefs loyal to him marched into Battleford and surrendered on May 26.

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1880–1890 – North-west Rebellion The 'siege of Battleford' as reported in the Saskatchewan Herald

4314: 3782: 2024: 1719: 1201: 942: 846: 502: 190: 5894: 4384: 1786: 5445: 4946:

Anderson, Alan B. French Settlements in Saskatchewan: Historical and Demographic Perspectives.

4594: 2682: 2291: 7530: 7524: 7434: 7295: 7241: 7097: 6748: 6670: 6640: 6531: 5916: 5509: 5503: 5478: 5386: 5380: 5301: 5281: 5247: 5227: 5200: 5167: 5126: 5101: 5047: 5011: 4981: 4926: 4871: 4536: 4460: 4081: 3933: 3741: 3332: 3305: 3202: 3196: 3068: 3015: 2944: 2911: 2661: 2552: 2500: 2317: 1529: 1426: 1410: 1402: 1006: 806: 637: 625: 602: 586: 522: 279: 209: 74: 4127: 3762: 3660: 3632: 3605: 3563: 3479: 3452: 3381: 2938: 2905: 2820: 2253: 2131: 7554: 7542: 7536: 7494: 7398: 7368: 7283: 7103: 7085: 7067: 7037: 6652: 6501: 6441: 6265: 6260: 6063: 5859: 3970:(republished online Saskatchewan News Index 1884–2000 University of Saskatchewan Libraries.) 3774: 3506: 3354: 3263: 3236: 3169: 3142: 3115: 2192: 2158: 1991: 1670:, his mother's home, now the Riel House National Historic Site, and then interred it at the 1651: 1256: 1150: 828:, a Cree chief, to embark on a diplomatic campaign to renegotiate the terms of the treaties. 606: 417: 339: 328: 306: 295: 284: 250: 5597: 5572: 3825:"Tourism agencies to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the Northwest Resistance/Rebellion" 2380: 2104: 1689:

in about 1884, and finally, the following year he surrendered here after his engagement at

7446: 7386: 7325: 7319: 7247: 7127: 7031: 7013: 6664: 6220: 5977: 5634: 5465: 5423: 5354: 4750:"Everyone Chuckled – A Rebellion Story Taking From Keith Davidson's "Looking Back Series"" 1267:), as well as the units of cavalry, artillery and infantry regulars that made up the tiny 1215:

The massacre prompted the Canadian government to take notice of the growing unrest in the

1186: 778: 597: 549: 45: 6586: 6160: 5987: 5972: 5643: 5474:

Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada: Mythic Discourse and the Postcolonial State

4412:. Saskatchewan Archives Board Site by OH! Media – Regina Web Design. 2005. Archived from 4351:

Men of the city, Committee of the Historical Association of Saskatoon (30 January 2005).

3049:

I Have Lived Here Since The World Began: An Illustrated History of Canada's Native People

2494: 5031:

https://web.archive.org/web/20091027131214/http://www.geocities.com/jjnevins/pulpsl.html

4620: 4569: 4566:"Parks Canada – National Historic Sites in Alberta – National Historic Sites in Alberta" 4294: 3908: 3690: 2438: 2227: 7578: 7307: 7229: 7187: 7181: 7169: 6857: 6413: 5962: 5911: 5610: 5438: 5274: 4864: 2490: 2284: 1841: 1727: 1690: 1617: 1514: 1498: 1280: 874: 790: 632:

in Canada's largest mass hanging, for murders performed outside the military conflict.

317: 268: 4015: 3855:"Welcome To Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Region Gen Web Batoche / Fish Creek Photo Gallery" 1294:

Major General Frederick Middleton assembled a force that detrained from CPR trains at

7600: 7584: 7560: 7458: 7452: 7350: 6790: 6718: 6604: 6574: 6365: 5997: 5982: 5067: 4754:

Saskatchewan Indian First Nations Periodical Index Search Winter 2002 v. 31 n01 p. 15

3786: 2065: 2001: 1975: 1803: 1518: 1502: 1381: 1306: 1121: 862: 798: 17: 3265:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The War Cloud Bursts on Battleford)

1316: 7428: 7271: 7145: 6796: 6766: 6549: 6205: 6195: 5957: 5819: 5797: 4832: 4156: 3966: 1771: 1596: 1340:

were formed in the West. Strange's force, assembled at Calgary, moved north on the

1209: 1141: 730: 215: 103: 68: 7091: 4667: 3853:

Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada (21 Nov 2004).

5472: 5262: 5241: 5221: 4591:"Parks Canada – National Historic Sites of Canada – administered by Parks Canada" 3883: 3299: 3009: 2471: 2311: 777:

of strips reaching back from a river which the Métis were familiar with in their

7548: 7193: 6989: 6923: 6730: 6580: 6190: 6130: 5871: 4757: 2658:

The North-West Is Our Mother: The Story of Louis Riel's People, the Métis Nation

2007: 1377: 5554: 4697: 4244: 3565:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The Battle at Batoche's Ferry)

3481:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The Battle of Cut Knife Creek)

1532:

was able to realize his National Dream of linking Canada across the continent.

782:

Not having clear title, the Métis feared losing their land which, now that the

6995: 6917: 6628: 6465: 5967: 5150: 4218: 2041: 2027:, portrays the events of the North-West Resistance from a Métis point of view. 1686: 1569:, awarded to veterans of the conflict from the Canadian Militia, and the NWMP. 1463: 1441:

But the downfall of Batoche did not end the separate conflict with the Cree.

1430: 1373: 926: 858: 816: 794: 569: 262: 240: 6008: 4985: 4727: 3994: 2856:. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. 2006. Archived from 7410: 7163: 6983: 5730: 3715: 1734:

which served as a field hospital for wounded soldiers during the conflict.

1731: 1590: 1393: 1181:

On March 30, a raiding party of Cree people, short of food due to declining

882: 3011:

Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-white Relations in Canada

1309:

and then proceeded north to restore order at the Battlefords, fighting the

3454:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The Battle of Fish Creek)

2226:. University of Regina and Canadian Plains Research Center. Archived from 1462:

on June 3. That day a small detachment of NWMP under the command of Major

7139: 5638: 5555:(Métis) Heroes of the 1885 Northwest Resistance. Summary of those Killed. 3778: 2735:

Beal, Bob; Macleod, Rod; Foot, Richard; Yarhi, Eli, eds. (July 8, 2021).

2133:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The Troops in the Field)

1815: 1361: 1325: 1279:

militia battalions were ready to leave Toronto. Other militia units, the

878: 854: 842: 825: 726: 565: 301: 290: 4299:

Battle of Tourond's Coulee / Fish Creek National Historic Site of Canada

4106: 3238:

The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 (The Duck Lake Disaster)

1678:, stretching from Regina to just south of Prince Albert, has been named 5588:

Diary of Walter F. Stewart, a first hand account of a man who was there

4329:. City of Saskatoon – Development Services Branch. 2007. Archived from 2904:

Richard Cole Harris; Geoffrey J. Matthews; R. Louis Gentilcore (1987).

1811: 1795: 1448: 853:, small dissident groups of Cree men revolted against the authority of 441: 107: 4969: 4696:. Canadian Plains Research Center University of Regina. Archived from 4619:. Canadian Plains Research Center University of Regina. Archived from 4243:. Canadian Plains Research Center University of Regina. Archived from 4489: 3090:"North-West Territories (1870–1905) | the Canadian Encyclopedia" 3067:. Edmonton: Historical Society of Alberta. p. 21. Archived from 1823: 1600:, wrote approvingly of the actions taken by the Canadian government. 1429:

was a decisive victory for the Canadian militia, with the capture of

581: 161: 4266:"Battleford, Batoche & Beyond tour along the Yellowhead Highway" 4189: 3331:. Edmonton: Historical Society of Alberta. p. 1. Archived from 1682:

by the province; the roadway passes near locations of the conflict.

3886:. Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research. 1798:. The monument commemorates militiamen that served in the conflict. 1397:

Métis prisoners of war after the North-West Rebellion, August, 1885

1133:

Nations at Batoche in May 1885, confronting 900 government troops.

93:

March 26 – June 3, 1885 (2 months, 1 week and 1 day)

4103:"Fort Carlton Provincial Park – Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport" 1785: 1713: 1662:. It was the site of the Trial of Louis Riel, where the drama the 1488: 1420: 1392: 1315: 1242: 1182: 1140: 815: 773:'s square concession system. The Métis lands were laid out in the 4435:"Parks Canada – Fort Battleford National Historic Site – History" 1247:

The Canadian Militia on the march towards the conflict, near the

765:. In 1882, surveyors began dividing the land of the newly formed 1609:

sold much of it to speculators who later resold it to farmers.

833: 821: 334: 186: 6381: 6012: 5606: 4486:"Fort Pitt Provincial Park – Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport" 4461:"Virtual Saskatchewan – Fort Battleford National Historic Site" 4353:"Saskatoon Gen Web Project – Narratives of Saskatoon 1882–1912" 2825:, Prince Albert, NWT: Henry Thomas McPhillips, pp. 93–97, 445: 2496:

The Birth of Western Canada: A History of The Riel Rebellions

2277: 2275: 1576:

with the Militia and Police during the conflict received the

1204:(now in Alberta) a Cree raiding party led by Cree war chief, 7617:

Civil wars involving the states and peoples of North America

5471:

Reid, Jennifer; Long, Charles & Carrasco, David (2008),

4778: 4510: 3689:. Métis National Council Historical Database. Archived from 1896:-based political scientist, Thomas Flanagan, and Flanagan's 1846:

The Birth of Western Canada: A History of The Riel Rebellion

820:

The federal government's violation of its treaties with the

653:

The conflict is referred to by several names, including the

27:

1885 resistance by the Métis and Cree peoples against Canada

5379:

R. Douglas Francis; Richard Jones; Donald B. Smith (2009).

4211:"Attractions and Tourism – Town of Duck Lake, Saskatchewan" 3607:

The war trail of Big Bear (The Battle of Frenchman's Butte)

3174:, Prince Albert, NWT: Henry Thomas McPhillips, p. 53, 3147:, Prince Albert, NWT: Henry Thomas McPhillips, p. 65, 3120:, Prince Albert, NWT: Henry Thomas McPhillips, p. 23, 2907:

Historical Atlas of Canada: The land transformed, 1800–1891

2844: 2842: 1112:

The largest settlement and the capital of the district was

5197:

Batoche 1885: The Militia of the Metis Liberation Movement

5008:

Batoche 1885: The Militia of the Metis Liberation Movement

3831:. Government of Saskatchewan. June 7, 2008. Archived from 1940:

Batoche 1885: The Militia of the Metis Liberation Movement

1860:

informed North-West Rebellion encyclopedia entries in the

1165:

and North-West Mounted Police led by their superintendent

636:

of the conflict contributed to the present reality of the

572:

and an associated uprising by Cree and Assiniboine of the

5440:

Reflections on Native-newcomer Relations: Selected Essays

4020:

CHTS Home Manitoba Heritage Council Commemorative Plaques

3884:"Batoche The Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture" 2937:

John Elgin Foster; Dick Harrison; I. S. MacLaren (1992).

2286:

Reflections on Native-newcomer Relations: Selected Essays

2163:, Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, p. 20, 4188:. Duck Lake Regional Interpretive Centre. Archived from 2965:"The Quebec History Encyclopedia (North-West Rebellion)" 2406:"The Quebec History Encyclopedia (North-West Rebellion)" 2400: 2398: 5317:"The 1885 Northwest Resistance: Causes to the Conflict" 5046:(1 ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. p. 406. 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 3965:. Leader-Post. May 16, 1955. p. 13. Archived from 3909:"Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site of Canada" 2624:"The 1885 Northwest Resistance: Causes to the Conflict" 1958:—"provides a more human face" to the 1885 Resistance." 5436:

James Rodger Miller, "From Riel to the Métis" (2004).

5298:

Loyal Till Death: Indians and the North-West Rebellion

5246:(2nd ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 5214:

Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes

5160:

Veterans and Families of the 1885 Northwest Resistance

4810:. Enterprise Saskatchewan Government of Saskatchewan. 3038:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. p. 226. 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2545:

Veterans and Families of the 1885 Northwest Resistance

2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2316:(2nd ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2098: 2096: 2094: 1944:

Veterans and Families of the 1885 Northwest Resistance

4380: 3936:. Saskatchewan Genealogical Society – Regina Branch. 2336:

Robert MacIntosh, Boilermakers on the Prairies, p. 16

4950:(Report). Research Unit for French-Canadian Studies. 4668:"Poundmaker Historical Centre and Big Bear monument" 4128:"Virtual Saskatchewan – Fur Trading at Fort Carlton" 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 2584: 2582: 2485: 2483: 2305: 2303: 2301: 1497:, a trial that sparked national controversy between 1336:

Other forces such as the Alberta Field Force led by

7335: 6806: 6559: 6420: 6305: 6274: 6123: 6046: 5950: 5887: 5790: 5743: 5705: 5651: 5413:

Canadian Ethnic Studies/ Etudes Ethniques au Canada

3223:

Canadian Ethnic Studies/ Etudes ethniques au Canada

3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2758:Foster, Keith; Oosterom, Nelle (13 February 2013). 2347:

The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History

1722:

is in the cemetery with the graves of those killed.

786:were gone, was their primary source of sustenance. 5437: 5276:The last war drum: the North West campaign of 1885 5273: 4925:. North Battleford, Canada: Turner Warwick Pubns. 4866:The last war drum: the North West campaign of 1885 4863: 4593:. Government of Canada. 2009-01-20. Archived from 4543:. The Canadian Encyclopedia Historica foundation. 3356:The war trail of Big Bear (The Frog Lake Massacre) 3201:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. pp. 164, 173. 2760:"Shifting Riel-ity: The 1885 North-West Rebellion" 2283: 2004:is a historical novel of the North-West Rebellion. 1858:The last war drum: the North West campaign of 1885 1458:The last armed engagement in the conflict was the 5411:Lee, David. "The Metis militant rebels of 1885." 5344:The French Canadians; 1760–1967: vol 2: 1911–1967 3383:The war trail of Big Bear (The Fall of Fort Pitt) 2074:Index of articles related to Aboriginal Canadians 1654:Church, Métis rifle pits, and RNWMP battle camp. 1352:On April 24, at Fish Creek, 200 Métis achieved a 5782:Union nationale métisse Saint-Joseph du Manitoba 5453:Morton, Desmond. "Image of Louis Riel in 1998," 4327:"Municipal Heritage Properties – Marr Residence" 4150: 4148: 3221:David Lee, "The Metis militant rebels of 1885." 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2432: 2430: 5598:Chronology of Events (The Northwest Resistance) 5477:, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 5264:The History of the North-west Rebellion of 1885 5125:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Ronsdale Press. 5068:"review of Lord of the Plains by Alfred Silver" 3634:The war trail of Big Bear (Battle of Loon Lake) 2971:. Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College. 2007. 2617: 2615: 2473:The History of the North-west Rebellion of 1885 2412:. Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College. 2007. 2255:The history of the North-West Rebellion of 1885 1753: 1636: 34: 4241:"Duck Lake – The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan" 3991:"History of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police" 885:warriors would not participate in a conflict. 6393: 6024: 5618: 5538:Canadian Historical Association Booklet No. 2 5363:(McClelland & Stewart, 1978), pp. 146–174 5296:Stonechild, Blair & Waiser, Bill (1997). 3829:Home/About Government/News Releases/June 2008 3662:The war trail of Big Bear (The Indian Trials) 3568:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 197, 3511:, Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 3484:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 156, 3457:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 127, 2258:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 327, 2197:, Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 2136:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 422, 2109:, Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 1644:Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. 809:(a.k.a. Will Jackson), and others set up the 457: 8: 4488:. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from 4105:. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from 4080:. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from 4016:"Explore Our Heritage; Louis Riel 1844–1885" 3714:. University of Saskatchewan. Archived from 3268:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 76, 3241:, Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co, p. 30, 2499:. University of Toronto Press. p. 475. 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 1848:. For more than five decades Stanley's 1936 1633:forces and how it has shaped Canada today." 1259:, to Winnipeg, where a unit of militia, the 1083: 1074: 1065: 1056: 1047: 37: 5223:Prairie Fire: The 1885 North-West Rebellion 3665:, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1926), 3637:, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1926), 3610:, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1926), 3386:, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1926), 3359:, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1926), 3301:Prairie Fire: The 1885 North-West Rebellion 2910:. University of Toronto Press. p. 93. 1873:Prairie Fire: The 1885 North-West Rebellion 1760:National Historic Sites and Monuments Board 725:of 1869–1870, many of the Métis moved from 6400: 6386: 6378: 6031: 6017: 6009: 5625: 5611: 5603: 4051:. Manitoba Historical Society. 1998–2009. 3051:(Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2005) p. 221. 2437:Macleod, Rod; Foot, Richard, eds. (2016). 1898:Riel and the Rebellion: 1885 Reconsidered. 1157:(NWMP), and Métis and aboriginal warriors. 605:). But his small force was up against 900 464: 450: 442: 31: 5321:HPS History and Political Science Journal 5243:Riel and the Rebellion: 1885 Reconsidered 4358:. University of Saskatchewan Book store. 4217:. Town of Duck Lake. 2007. Archived from 4157:"Saskatchewan Forts: Northwest Rebellion" 3963:Top News Stories Beginnings and Landmarks 3438:Historic Sites of the Province of Alberta 2943:. University of Alberta. pp. 73–74. 2628:HPS History and Political Science Journal 2313:Riel and the Rebellion: 1885 Reconsidered 2052:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal 1814:, Ontario, and The Volunteer Monument in 1674:in Manitoba, his birthplace, for burial. 1364:successfully held off Lieutenant Colonel 5689:Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians 5444:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 5428:Miller, J. R. "From Riel to the Metis." 2247: 2245: 612:Despite some notable early victories at 5937:Metis Child and Family Services Society 5199:, Winnipeg: Manitoba Metis Federation, 5166:. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute. 5010:, Winnipeg: Manitoba Metis Federation, 4045:"Manitoba History Red River Resistance" 3736:Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin (1988). 2551:. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute. 2290:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2090: 1537:North-West Territories election of 1885 5385:. Cengage Learning. pp. 306–307. 4568:. Government of Canada. Archived from 4074:"Scenic Routes – The Louis Riel Trail" 2703:from the original on 15 September 2022 1435:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan 1401:On May 12, Middleton's force captured 811:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan 681:, was collectively referred to as the 576:, North-West Territories, against the 177:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan 124:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan 5777:Vancouver Métis Community Association 5226:, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 5220:Beal, Bob & Macleod, Rod (1984), 4843:from the original on 6 September 2022 3993:. Mounted Police Post. Archived from 3649:; Myrna Kostash, The Frog Lake Reader 3304:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 3298:Beal, Bob & Macleod, Rod (1984). 1790:The North-West Rebellion Memorial at 7: 6659:Regulator Movement in North Carolina 5408:, short summary of historians' views 4437:. Government of Canada. 2009-06-22. 4406:"Saskatchewan settlement experience" 4155:Payette, Pete; Phil Payette (2006). 3911:. Government of Canada. 2009-06-22. 1882:The Collected Writings of Louis Riel 1730:is a municipal heritage property of 1406:Métis fighters in their rifle pits. 5837:The National Committee of the Métis 5567:. Canadian Plains Research Center, 5100:. Toronto, Ontario: Dundurn Press. 4974:British Journal of Canadian Studies 3740:. London: Spink. pp. 165–166. 2882:. The Globe (Toronto). 1885-12-26. 2800:from the original on 30 August 2022 2656:Teillet, Jean (17 September 2019). 2594:Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan 2375:. Canadian Plains Research Center, 1932:British Journal of Canadian Studies 1493:The end of the conflict led to the 1202:Frog Lake, District of Saskatchewan 877:, worked to obtain assurances from 711:Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan 677:. The conflict, in addition to the 5713:Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia 4272:. Yellowhead Highway Association. 3959:"RCMP traditions centre in Regina" 3659:William Bleasdell Cameron (1888), 3631:William Bleasdell Cameron (1888), 3604:William Bleasdell Cameron (1888), 3380:William Bleasdell Cameron (1888), 3353:William Bleasdell Cameron (1888), 2019:The novel for young adults called 1978:hero Eric Lewis, a Mountie of the 1328:victory, persuading Major General 1305:Wiliam Otter's force detrained at 967: 919: 789:In 1884, the Métis (including the 25: 6408:Colonial conflicts involving the 6282:Canada and the American Civil War 5694:Métis Settlements General Council 5151:Louis Riel § Further reading 5096:Bayle, B. J. (19 February 2008). 4921:Light, Douglas W. (1 June 1989). 4720:"Town of Cut Knife, Saskatchewan" 4718:Yanciw, David (August 10, 2001). 4547:from the original on June 7, 2011 3562:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 3478:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 3451:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 3262:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 3235:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 2681:Ouellette, Robert-Falcon (2014). 2451:from the original on 30 June 2022 2252:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 2130:Mulvaney, Charles Pelham (1885), 1938:Lawrence J. Barkwell's 2005 book 1580:, established in September 1885. 1031: 983: 951: 935: 903: 135:Trial and execution of Louis Riel 6359: 6347: 6346: 5684:Northwest Territory Métis Nation 5642: 5633: 5261:Mulvany, Charles Pelham (1886). 5042:Silver, Alfred (17 March 1990). 4779:"Steele Narrows Provincial Park" 4666:Brown., Brian M (July 4, 2002). 4356:(Published online Julia Adamson) 3761:Read, Geoff; Webb, Todd (2012). 3168:Henry Thomas McPhillips (1888), 3141:Henry Thomas McPhillips (1888), 3114:Henry Thomas McPhillips (1888), 3036:The Canadian Prairies: A History 2819:Henry Thomas McPhillips (1888), 2770:from the original on 1 July 2022 2470:Mulvany, Charles Pelham (1886). 2224:The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan 2058: 2044: 1565:The obverse and reverse for the 1555: 1546: 1332:to temporarily halt his advance. 1082: 1073: 1064: 1055: 1046: 1030: 1014: 998: 982: 966: 950: 934: 918: 902: 895: 338: 327: 316: 305: 294: 283: 267: 170: 154: 67: 62: 7627:First Nations history in Canada 6484:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 5927:Métis Population Betterment Act 5522:from the original on 2024-03-03 5508:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. 5505:Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885 5491:from the original on 2024-03-03 5399:from the original on 2024-03-03 5331:from the original on 2015-12-23 5267:. Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co. 5183:from the original on 2022-10-17 5078:from the original on 2022-05-11 4903:from the original on 2014-11-07 4893:"The Man Behind Stephen Harper" 4891:Marci McDonald (October 2004). 4814:from the original on 2008-04-23 4785:from the original on 2014-04-17 4674:from the original on 2008-07-08 4517:from the original on 2014-04-17 4467:from the original on 2009-07-07 4441:from the original on 2013-02-08 4387:from the original on 2014-04-13 4362:from the original on 2009-05-05 4305:from the original on 2011-06-06 4276:from the original on 2008-06-07 4186:"History of Duck Lake and Area" 4167:from the original on 2010-04-28 4134:from the original on 2009-06-23 4055:from the original on 2009-08-13 4026:from the original on 2011-09-11 3940:from the original on 2010-02-06 3915:from the original on 2010-08-08 3890:from the original on 2011-07-06 3865:from the original on 2012-10-25 3812:The French Canadians: 1760–1967 3793:from the original on 2020-08-05 3669:from the original on 2013-10-29 3641:from the original on 2013-10-29 3614:from the original on 2013-10-29 3572:from the original on 2013-11-11 3515:from the original on 2013-11-11 3488:from the original on 2013-11-11 3461:from the original on 2013-11-11 3390:from the original on 2013-10-29 3363:from the original on 2021-02-24 3272:from the original on 2013-11-11 3245:from the original on 2013-11-11 3198:Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885 3178:from the original on 2013-12-12 3151:from the original on 2013-12-11 3124:from the original on 2013-11-09 3096:from the original on 2023-06-21 3014:. University of Toronto Press. 2975:from the original on 2020-08-04 2969:The Quebec History Encyclopedia 2886:from the original on 2016-11-10 2829:from the original on 2020-08-05 2766:. Canada's Historical Society. 2638:from the original on 2015-12-23 2568:from the original on 2022-10-17 2513:from the original on 2022-09-05 2476:. Toronto: A.H. Hovey & Co. 2416:from the original on 2020-08-04 2410:The Quebec History Encyclopedia 2262:from the original on 2023-05-16 2201:from the original on 2023-10-09 2167:from the original on 2023-03-05 2140:from the original on 2023-01-05 2113:from the original on 2023-01-05 1921:Canadian Plains Research Center 1455:in a battle at the end of May. 1222:On April 15, 200 Cree warriors 999: 7632:Indigenous conflicts in Canada 6587:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War 5932:List of settlements in Alberta 5764:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples 5195:Barkwell, Lawrence J. (2005), 5157:Barkwell, Lawrence J. (2011). 5121:Caron, Maia (September 2017). 5006:Barkwell, Lawrence J. (2005), 4535:Beal, Bob (1 September 2007). 4270:Yellowhead IT! Travel Magazine 3687:"Northwest "Half-breed" Scrip" 3505:Panet, Charles Eugène (1886), 2850:"French and Métis settlements" 2660:. HarperCollins. p. 576. 2542:Barkwell, Lawrence J. (2011). 2191:Panet, Charles Eugène (1886), 2157:Panet, Charles Eugène (1886), 2103:Panet, Charles Eugène (1886), 1980:Royal Northwest Mounted Police 1: 6984:Black War (Van Diemen's Land) 6828:Castle Hill convict rebellion 5865:Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation 5659:Métis Nation British Columbia 5535:Louis Riel: Patriot or Rebel? 5382:Journeys: A History of Canada 3008:James Rodger Miller (2000) . 1913:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, 1360:On May 2, the Cree war chief 1015: 6287:Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion 5565:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan 2854:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan 2373:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan 2282:James Rodger Miller (2004). 1928:Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens 1265:Non-Permanent Active Militia 358:5,000 volunteers and militia 4808:Sasl Biz community profiles 4511:"Fort Pitt Provincial Park" 4161:2006 American Forts Network 3934:"Regina History Guide Tour" 3861:. online by Julia Adamson. 2790:"1885 Northwest Resistance" 2590:"The North-West Resistance" 1850:The Birth of Western Canada 1718:A cairn commemoriating the 7693: 7652:Military history of Canada 7501:Jewish revolt in Palestine 7146:Fenian Rebellion in Canada 6791:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign 6683:American Revolutionary War 6292:Canada and the Vietnam War 6181:American Revolutionary War 6040:Military history of Canada 5759:North Slave Métis Alliance 5430:Canadian Historical Review 5240:Flanagan, Thomas (2000) . 5148: 4948:University of Saskatchewan 4837:University of Saskatchewan 4724:Big Things of Saskatchewan 4022:. Government of Manitoba. 3767:Canadian Historical Review 3738:British Battles and Medals 3712:"Our Legacy (Metis Scrip)" 2310:Flanagan, Thomas (2000) . 2079:Military history of Canada 1952:University of Saskatchewan 1433:, and the collapse of the 1342:Calgary and Edmonton Trail 1283:from Quebec City, and the 1167:Leif Newry Fitzroy Crozier 592:Louis Riel, the hero of a 118:Federal government victory 7667:History of Western Canada 7272:Jameson Raid South Africa 6341: 6266:Intervention against ISIL 6186:French Revolutionary Wars 5679:Manitoba Métis Federation 5669:Métis Nation—Saskatchewan 4968:Battarbee, Keith (2021). 4459:Yanko, Dave (1997–2007). 3325:Dempsey, Hugh A. (1957). 3061:Dempsey, Hugh A. (1957). 2690:Canadian Military Journal 2522:with new introduction by 1987:North West Mounted Police 1915:published in 2006 by the 1820:Cartier Square Drill Hall 1614:Manitoba Schools Question 1389:Ending the Métis uprising 1348:April–May Métis victories 1155:North-West Mounted Police 871:North-West Mounted Police 737:, where they founded the 706:The Canadian Encyclopedia 483: 420:death (at Cut Knife Hill) 380: 349: 199: 147: 85: 61: 53: 7483:Arab revolt in Palestine 7080:Second Anglo-Burmese War 6822:Second Anglo-Maratha War 6713:Australian frontier wars 5942:Gabriel Dumont Institute 5772:Alberta Métis Federation 5735:(Southbranch Settlement) 5726:(Southbranch Settlement) 5300:. Calgary: Fifth House. 5272:Morton, Desmond (1972). 4862:Morton, Desmond (1972). 4692:McLennan, David (2006). 4239:McLennan, David (2006). 3591:The North-West Rebellion 1948:Gabriel Dumont Institute 1930:was described in a 2021 1904:In his 1987 publication 1702:Saskatchewan Highway 212 1526:Canadian Pacific Railway 1478:Eight others were hanged 1417:Ending the Cree uprising 1269:Permanent Active Militia 1163:Prince Albert Volunteers 1098:District of Saskatchewan 767:District of Saskatchewan 763:South Saskatchewan River 643:Canadian Pacific Railway 574:District of Saskatchewan 130:Canadian Pacific Railway 7477:Second Mohmand campaign 7212:Third Anglo-Burmese War 7176:Second Anglo-Afghan War 6978:First Anglo-Burmese War 6954:Third Anglo-Maratha War 6785:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 6695:Second Anglo-Mysore War 6689:First Anglo-Maratha War 6297:Canada and the Iraq War 6201:Rebellions of 1837–1838 5674:Métis Nation of Ontario 5664:Métis Nation of Alberta 5561:"North-west Resistance" 5315:Thistle, Jesse (2014). 2737:"North-West Resistance" 2622:Thistle, Jesse (2014). 2444:Encyclopedia Britannica 2369:"North-west Resistance" 1998:The Magnificent Failure 1866:Encyclopedia Britannica 1672:Saint-Boniface Basilica 1578:North West Canada Medal 1567:North West Canada Medal 1376:. Despite its use of a 1285:65th Mount Royal Rifles 1239:Government mobilization 739:Southbranch settlements 580:. Many Métis felt that 554:Rébellion du Nord-Ouest 39:Rébellion du Nord-Ouest 7417:Third Anglo-Afghan War 7302:First Mohmand campaign 7026:First Anglo-Afghan War 6725:Third Anglo-Mysore War 6171:Father Le Loutre's War 6141:Second Anglo-Dutch War 5855:Southbranch Settlement 5751:Métis National Council 5722:Council of St. Laurent 5571:. 2006. Archived from 5502:Sprague, D.N. (1988). 4923:Footprints in the Dust 4049:Number 29, Spring 1995 2880:"North West Rebellion" 2439:"North-West Rebellion" 2379:. 2006. Archived from 1906:Footprints in the Dust 1799: 1757: 1723: 1641: 1604:Long-term consequences 1584:International reaction 1506: 1438: 1398: 1333: 1252: 1224:descended on Fort Pitt 1217:North-West Territories 1158: 1149:broke out between the 829: 735:North-West Territories 671:Saskatchewan Rebellion 553: 200:Commanders and leaders 38: 7074:Second Anglo-Sikh War 6731:Cotiote (Wayanad) War 6617:French and Indian War 6333:Internment Camps WWII 6261:Intervention in Libya 6176:French and Indian War 6146:Third Anglo-Dutch War 5825:Pemmican Proclamation 5533:Stanley, George F.G. 5098:Battle Cry at Batoche 4615:Chaput, John (2006). 3195:D.N. Sprague (1988). 2764:www.canadashistory.ca 2747:on September 1, 2022. 2741:Canadian Encyclopedia 2021:Battle Cry at Batoche 1950:—an affiliate of the 1894:University of Calgary 1862:Canadian Encyclopedia 1789: 1717: 1709:la coulée des Tourond 1652:St. Antoine de Padoue 1492: 1424: 1396: 1319: 1273:10th Royal Grenadiers 1246: 1144: 851:Looting of Battleford 819: 675:Second Riel Rebellion 659:North-West Resistance 630:Eight men were hanged 558:North-West Resistance 556:), also known as the 381:Casualties and losses 18:North-West Resistance 7677:Wars of independence 7657:Rebellions in Canada 7607:North-West Rebellion 7236:Hunza–Nagar Campaign 7044:First Anglo-Sikh War 7020:Egyptian–Ottoman War 6328:Internment Camps WWI 6216:North-West Rebellion 5849:North-West Rebellion 5831:Battle of Seven Oaks 5706:Historic Governments 5569:University of Regina 5280:. Toronto: Hakkert. 5216:48#3 (2014): 79–107. 4870:. Toronto: Hakkert. 4760:on December 10, 2008 4617:"Frog Lake Massacre" 4381:"The Marr Residence" 4078:Tourism Saskatchewan 3779:10.3138/chr.93.2.171 2377:University of Regina 2220:"Frog Lake Massacre" 2218:John Chaput (2007). 1974:(1935) depicted the 1956:University of Regina 1917:University of Regina 1835:Arthur Silver Morton 1453:at Frenchman's Butte 1338:Thomas Bland Strange 1322:Battle of Fish Creek 1300:Battle of Fish Creek 1261:90th Winnipeg Rifles 1093:class=notpageimage| 771:Dominion Land Survey 655:North-West Rebellion 546:North-West Rebellion 493:Battleford (Looting) 475:North-West Rebellion 373:250 Cree–Assiniboine 236:Thomas Bland Strange 231:William Dillon Otter 56:American Indian Wars 35:North-West Rebellion 7662:Surveying of Canada 7642:Massacres in Canada 7622:Conflicts in Canada 7489:Waziristan campaign 7423:Waziristan campaign 7116:Revolt of Rajab Ali 6593:War of Jenkins' Ear 6211:Red River Rebellion 5843:Red River Rebellion 5593:Map of Battle Sites 5415:(1989) 21#3 pp 1+ 3835:on October 21, 2009 3551:. pp. 271–272. 3536:. pp. 252–253. 2794:Canadian Geographic 2600:on 5 September 2022 2349:(1992), pp xiii, 31 2230:on 4 September 2009 1840:Canadian historian 1802:The members of the 1664:Trial of Louis Riel 1511:trial of Louis Riel 1495:trial of Louis Riel 1460:Battle of Loon Lake 1370:Battle of Cut Knife 1330:Frederick Middleton 1311:Battle of Cut Knife 1175:Frederick Middleton 1171:Battle of Duck Lake 797:to return from the 723:Red River Rebellion 700:Canadian Geographic 688:Although the terms 679:Red River Rebellion 578:Canadian government 562:resistance movement 413:78–103 Cree wounded 395:11 civilians killed 226:John Wimburn Laurie 221:Frederick Middleton 80:Battle of Cut Knife 7363:Bambatha Rebellion 7278:Anglo-Zanzibar War 7266:Chitral Expedition 7200:Anglo-Egyptian War 6972:Anglo-Ashanti wars 6677:Lord Dunmore's War 6635:Anglo-Cherokee War 6544:King William's War 6151:King William's War 5993:Métis buffalo hunt 5717:(Red River Colony) 5652:Modern Governments 5464:2016-01-01 at the 5422:2016-01-02 at the 5353:2015-11-17 at the 5346:(1968) pp 393–446 5292:, military history 5044:Lord of the Plains 4730:on October 6, 2009 4541:Historica-Dominion 3547:Beal and Macleod. 3532:Beal and Macleod. 3422:Beal and Macleod. 3407:Beal and Macleod. 2860:on 9 November 2013 2014:Lord of the Plains 1926:J.R.Miller's 1989 1800: 1724: 1720:Frog Lake massacre 1507: 1439: 1399: 1354:remarkable victory 1334: 1277:Queen's Own Rifles 1253: 1159: 847:Frog Lake Massacre 830: 775:seigneurial system 667:Northwest Uprising 587:capture of Batoche 498:Battleford (Siege) 128:Completion of the 7594: 7593: 7525:Malayan Emergency 7435:Malabar rebellion 7296:Siege of Malakand 7242:Anglo-Manipur War 7098:Anglo-Persian War 6647:Anglo-Spanish War 6599:King George's War 6520:King Philip's War 6496:Anglo-Spanish War 6375: 6374: 6366:Canada portal 6231:Russian Civil War 6166:King George's War 6006: 6005: 5768: 5755: 5736: 5727: 5718: 5698: 5575:on 8 January 2014 5484:978-0-8263-4415-1 5455:Canadian Speeches 5432:69#1 (1988): 1–20 5233:978-0-7710-1109-2 5173:978-1-926795-03-4 5132:978-1-55380-499-4 5107:978-1-55002-717-4 5072:Publishers Weekly 5053:978-0-345-35600-0 4932:978-0-919899-16-2 4748:Davidson, Keith. 3859:Saskatoon Gen Web 3311:978-0-7710-1109-2 3225:(1989) 21#3 pp 1+ 3034:Friesen, Gerald. 3021:978-0-8020-8153-7 2950:978-0-88864-237-0 2917:978-0-8020-3447-2 2667:978-1-4434-5014-0 2558:978-1-926795-03-4 2383:on 8 January 2014 1530:John A. Macdonald 1427:Battle of Batoche 1411:Montana Territory 1249:Qu'Appelle Valley 1145:In March 1885, a 638:Prairie Provinces 626:Battle of Batoche 541: 540: 528:Frenchman's Butte 440: 439: 425:Total (military): 210:John A. Macdonald 143: 142: 75:Battle of Batoche 16:(Redirected from 7684: 7672:Canadian Militia 7543:Cyprus Emergency 7369:Maritz rebellion 7357:Tibet expedition 7290:Benin Expedition 7110:Indian Rebellion 7104:Second Opium War 7086:Eureka Rebellion 7062:British Honduras 7038:New Zealand Wars 6623:Seven Years' War 6569:Queen Anne's War 6402: 6395: 6388: 6379: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6350: 6349: 6236:Second World War 6156:Queen Anne's War 6088:Crown and Forces 6069:Colonial militia 6064:Canadian Militia 6033: 6026: 6019: 6010: 5860:Half-Breed Tract 5766: 5753: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5696: 5646: 5637: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5604: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5457:(May 1998) 12#2 5450:, historiography 5449: 5443: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5372: 5369:Manitoba History 5361:Canada 1874–1896 5359:Waite, Peter B. 5339: 5337: 5336: 5311: 5291: 5279: 5268: 5257: 5236: 5209: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5165: 5137: 5136: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5083: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4965: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4869: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4756:. 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Archived from 2732: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2702: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2596:. Archived from 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2550: 2539: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2434: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2365: 2350: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2307: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2279: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2249: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2188: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2100: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2047: 1992:Cecil B. DeMille 1968:Stewart Sterling 1804:Canadian Militia 1761: 1680:Louis Riel Trail 1645: 1559: 1550: 1257:Canadian Militia 1206:Wandering Spirit 1151:Canadian Militia 1086: 1085: 1077: 1076: 1068: 1067: 1059: 1058: 1050: 1049: 1034: 1033: 1018: 1017: 1002: 1001: 986: 985: 970: 969: 954: 953: 938: 937: 922: 921: 906: 905: 899: 607:Canadian Militia 478: 476: 466: 459: 452: 443: 407:48 Métis wounded 342: 331: 320: 313:Wandering Spirit 309: 298: 287: 271: 251:James J. Bremner 175: 174: 173: 160: 158: 157: 122:Collapse of the 87: 86: 71: 66: 49: 41: 32: 21: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7647:Métis in Canada 7597: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7531:Kenya Emergency 7337: 7331: 7326:Second Boer War 7320:Boxer Rebellion 7248:Pahang Uprising 7128:Ambela campaign 7050:Río de la Plata 7032:First Opium War 7014:Aden Expedition 6846:Río de la Plata 6808: 6802: 6773:Irish Rebellion 6665:First Carib War 6561: 6555: 6478:Confederate War 6472:Irish Rebellion 6422: 6416: 6406: 6376: 6371: 6360: 6358: 6337: 6301: 6270: 6256:Afghanistan War 6226:First World War 6136:Ango-French War 6119: 6042: 6037: 6007: 6002: 5946: 5883: 5786: 5739: 5701: 5647: 5631: 5578: 5576: 5559: 5551: 5546: 5525: 5523: 5516: 5501: 5494: 5492: 5485: 5470: 5466:Wayback Machine 5435: 5424:Wayback Machine 5402: 5400: 5393: 5378: 5366: 5355:Wayback Machine 5334: 5332: 5314: 5308: 5295: 5288: 5271: 5260: 5254: 5239: 5234: 5219: 5207: 5194: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5163: 5156: 5153: 5146: 5144:Further reading 5141: 5140: 5133: 5123:Song of Batoche 5120: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5081: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4967: 4966: 4955: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4904: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4817: 4815: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4788: 4786: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4761: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4733: 4731: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4701: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4677: 4675: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4626: 4624: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4598: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4550: 4548: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4470: 4468: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4444: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4390: 4388: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4365: 4363: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4336: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4308: 4306: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4279: 4277: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4224: 4222: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4170: 4168: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4137: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4112: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4058: 4056: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4027: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3918: 3916: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3866: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3836: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3809: 3805: 3796: 3794: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3672: 3670: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3644: 3642: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3615: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3573: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3516: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3489: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3462: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3391: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3366: 3364: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3297: 3296: 3283: 3275: 3273: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3246: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3179: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3154: 3152: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3125: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3099: 3097: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3074: 3072: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3047:Arthur J. Ray, 3046: 3042: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3007: 3006: 2987: 2978: 2976: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2889: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2832: 2830: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2734: 2733: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2641: 2639: 2621: 2620: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2548: 2541: 2540: 2529: 2524:Thomas Flanagan 2516: 2514: 2507: 2491:Stanley, George 2489: 2488: 2481: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2419: 2417: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2386: 2384: 2367: 2366: 2353: 2345:J. M. Bumsted, 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2309: 2308: 2299: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2263: 2251: 2250: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2202: 2190: 2189: 2178: 2170: 2168: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2141: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2116: 2114: 2102: 2101: 2092: 2087: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2031:Song of Batoche 1964: 1832: 1763: 1759: 1647: 1643: 1630: 1618:Indian reserves 1606: 1586: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1552: 1551: 1487: 1419: 1391: 1350: 1241: 1228:Francis Dickens 1200:On April 2, at 1187:Fort Battleford 1139: 1130: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1079: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1061: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1003: 995: 994: 993: 987: 979: 978: 977: 971: 963: 962: 961: 955: 947: 946: 945: 939: 931: 930: 929: 923: 915: 914: 913: 907: 891: 779:French-Canadian 761:on or near the 719: 683:Riel Rebellions 663:1885 Resistance 651: 560:, was an armed 542: 537: 479: 474: 472: 470: 436: 433:126–151 wounded 423: 410:10–17 Cree dead 398: 376: 364: 345: 255: 246:Francis Dickens 195: 171: 169: 155: 153: 139: 110: 77: 72: 43: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7690: 7688: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7612:1885 in Canada 7609: 7599: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7471:Barzani revolt 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7341: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7308:Tirah campaign 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7218:Central Africa 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7188:First Boer War 7185: 7179: 7173: 7170:Anglo-Zulu War 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7029: 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6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6056: 6050: 6048: 6047:History of ... 6044: 6043: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6013: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5963:Chinook Jargon 5960: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5895:Canadian Métis 5891: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5878:Daniels ruling 5875: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5761: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5728: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5557: 5550: 5549:External links 5547: 5545: 5544: 5531: 5514: 5499: 5483: 5468: 5451: 5433: 5426: 5409: 5392:978-0176442446 5391: 5376: 5364: 5357: 5340: 5312: 5306: 5293: 5286: 5269: 5258: 5252: 5237: 5232: 5217: 5210: 5205: 5192: 5172: 5149:Main article: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5113: 5106: 5088: 5059: 5052: 5034: 5022: 5016: 4998: 4953: 4938: 4931: 4913: 4883: 4876: 4854: 4824: 4795: 4770: 4740: 4710: 4684: 4658: 4633: 4607: 4582: 4557: 4527: 4502: 4477: 4451: 4426: 4397: 4372: 4343: 4318: 4295:"Parks Canada" 4286: 4257: 4231: 4202: 4177: 4144: 4119: 4094: 4065: 4036: 4007: 3982: 3950: 3925: 3900: 3875: 3845: 3816: 3803: 3773:(2): 171–195. 3753: 3746: 3728: 3703: 3678: 3651: 3623: 3596: 3593:. p. 384. 3581: 3554: 3539: 3524: 3497: 3470: 3443: 3429: 3426:. p. 238. 3414: 3411:. p. 223. 3399: 3372: 3345: 3328:The Early West 3317: 3310: 3281: 3254: 3227: 3214: 3207: 3187: 3160: 3133: 3106: 3081: 3064:The Early West 3053: 3040: 3027: 3020: 2985: 2956: 2949: 2929: 2916: 2896: 2871: 2838: 2811: 2781: 2750: 2714: 2673: 2666: 2648: 2611: 2578: 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6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6014: 6011: 5999: 5998:Red River Jig 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5872:Powley ruling 5870: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5767:(Canada-wide) 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5754:(Canada-wide) 5752: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744:Organizations 5742: 5732: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5704: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5628: 5623: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 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Internet 4212: 4206: 4203: 4192:on 2008-08-20 4191: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4133: 4130:. 1997–2007. 4129: 4123: 4120: 4109:on 2009-07-24 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4084:on 2005-08-24 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4008: 3997:on 2009-05-26 3996: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3972:on 2008-10-05 3968: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3846: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3718:on 2015-07-01 3717: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3693:on 2014-12-03 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3652: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3624: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3600: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3525: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3501: 3498: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3474: 3471: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3447: 3444: 3440:. p. 19. 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1941: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:Gilles Martel 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1568: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1519:French Canada 1516: 1512: 1504: 1503:French Canada 1500: 1496: 1491: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1407: 1404: 1395: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382:flying column 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:William Otter 1363: 1358: 1355: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1312: 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6323:Peacekeeping 6313:Bibliography 6215: 6206:Fenian raids 6196:Pemmican War 6161:Dummer's War 6115:Peacekeeping 6083:Conscription 5988:Métis fiddle 5973:Métis French 5848: 5820:Pemmican War 5798:Indian trade 5724:(1873–1878) 5579:17 September 5577:. 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Retrieved 2763: 2753: 2745:the original 2740: 2705:. Retrieved 2696:(4): 54–65. 2693: 2689: 2676: 2657: 2651: 2640:. Retrieved 2631: 2627: 2602:. Retrieved 2598:the original 2593: 2570:. Retrieved 2544: 2515:. Retrieved 2495: 2472: 2465: 2453:. Retrieved 2442: 2418:. Retrieved 2409: 2387:17 September 2385:. Retrieved 2381:the original 2372: 2346: 2341: 2332: 2312: 2285: 2264:, retrieved 2254: 2232:. 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J. Bayle 2023:(1998), by 1826:, Ontario. 1668:Saint-Vital 1378:gatling gun 1313:on the way 791:Anglo-Métis 751:St. Laurent 392:141 wounded 191:Assiniboine 7637:Louis Riel 7601:Categories 7453:Pink's War 7345:Somaliland 7182:Basutoland 6936:Guadeloupe 6918:Xhosa Wars 6900:Seychelles 6882:Guadeloupe 6870:Martinique 6737:Rohilkhand 6701:Gold Coast 6671:Rohilkhand 6629:Bengal War 6466:Pequot War 6318:Operations 6246:Korean War 6093:New France 5968:Hivernants 5900:in Alberta 5526:2015-11-17 5495:2015-11-17 5403:2015-11-17 5335:2015-11-05 5187:2022-09-05 5082:2021-03-07 4980:(1): 124. 4907:2013-01-18 4818:2009-09-20 4789:2014-04-10 4764:2009-09-20 4734:2009-09-20 4704:2009-09-20 4678:2009-09-20 4652:2009-09-20 4627:2009-09-20 4601:2009-09-20 4576:2009-09-20 4551:2009-09-20 4521:2014-04-10 4496:2009-09-20 4471:2009-09-20 4445:2009-09-20 4420:2009-09-20 4391:2014-04-10 4366:2009-09-20 4337:2009-03-20 4309:2009-09-20 4280:2009-09-20 4251:2009-09-20 4225:2009-09-20 4196:2009-09-20 4171:2009-09-20 4138:2009-09-20 4113:2009-09-20 4088:2007-09-24 4059:2009-09-20 4030:2009-09-20 4001:2009-09-20 3976:2009-09-20 3944:2009-09-20 3919:2009-09-20 3894:2009-09-20 3869:2009-09-20 3839:2009-09-20 3797:2020-05-28 3747:0907605257 3722:2013-11-21 3697:2013-11-21 3673:2013-10-27 3645:2013-10-27 3618:2013-10-27 3589:Mulvaney. 3576:2013-11-11 3519:2014-04-10 3492:2014-04-10 3465:2014-04-10 3394:2013-10-27 3367:2014-04-10 3339:2014-04-10 3276:2014-04-10 3249:2014-04-10 3182:2014-04-10 3155:2014-04-10 3128:2014-04-10 3100:2023-06-21 3075:2013-10-26 2979:2013-11-19 2923:2014-04-10 2890:2013-12-11 2833:2014-04-10 2642:2015-11-05 2572:2022-09-05 2517:2022-09-05 2420:2013-11-19 2266:2014-04-10 2205:2014-04-10 2171:2014-04-10 2144:2014-04-10 2117:2014-04-10 2085:References 2002:Giles Lutz 2000:(1967) by 1972:Red Trails 1962:In fiction 1774:valley. 1687:Treaty Six 1676:Highway 11 1464:Sam Steele 1431:Louis Riel 1380:, Otter's 1374:Battleford 1296:Qu'Appelle 1233:Battleford 1195:Green Lake 975:Fish Creek 927:Battleford 859:Poundmaker 795:Louis Riel 743:Fish Creek 721:After the 717:Background 709:, and the 694:resistance 673:, and the 618:Fish Creek 570:Louis Riel 513:Fish Creek 430:43–50 dead 324:Poundmaker 263:Louis Riel 241:Sam Steele 7585:Falklands 7581:(1963–67) 7575:(1962–66) 7569:(1962–90) 7557:(1962–76) 7545:(1955–59) 7539:(1954–59) 7533:(1952–60) 7527:(1948–60) 7521:(1946–50) 7513:Indonesia 7509:(1945–46) 7507:Indochina 7503:(1944–48) 7491:(1936–39) 7485:(1936–39) 7473:(1931–32) 7467:(1930–31) 7461:(1927–30) 7443:(1922–24) 7441:Kurdistan 7425:(1919–20) 7401:(1916–17) 7381:Nyasaland 7377:(1914–15) 7371:(1914–15) 7359:(1903–04) 7353:(1901–02) 7347:(1900–20) 7310:(1897–98) 7304:(1897–98) 7286:(1896–97) 7256:(1893–94) 7220:(1886–89) 7196:(1881–99) 7190:(1880–81) 7184:(1880–81) 7178:(1879–80) 7166:(1875–76) 7152:Abyssinia 7148:(1866–71) 7142:(1864–65) 7130:(1863–64) 7122:Kagoshima 7118:(1857–58) 7112:(1857–59) 7106:(1856–60) 7100:(1856–57) 7094:(1854–56) 7092:Åland War 7076:(1848–49) 7052:(1845–50) 7046:(1845–46) 7040:(1845–72) 7034:(1839–42) 7028:(1839–42) 7022:(1839–41) 7010:(1837–38) 7004:(1837–38) 6998:(1831–33) 6992:(1831–32) 6986:(1828–32) 6980:(1824–26) 6956:(1817–18) 6932:(1814–16) 6926:(1812–15) 6920:(1811–79) 6914:(1810–11) 6894:Mauritius 6866:(1808–09) 6848:(1806–07) 6824:(1803–05) 6787:(1798–99) 6757:(1795–96) 6751:(1795–96) 6727:(1789–92) 6703:(1781–82) 6697:(1779–84) 6691:(1775–82) 6685:(1775–83) 6673:(1773–74) 6667:(1769–73) 6661:(1765–71) 6655:(1763–66) 6649:(1762–63) 6637:(1758–61) 6631:(1756–65) 6625:(1756–63) 6619:(1754–63) 6613:(1749–55) 6607:(1746–63) 6601:(1744–48) 6595:(1740–42) 6589:(1722–25) 6583:(1715–17) 6577:(1711–15) 6571:(1702–13) 6546:(1688–97) 6540:(1688–91) 6528:(1686–90) 6522:(1675–78) 6498:(1654–60) 6492:(1654–67) 6486:(1649–53) 6480:(1641–53) 6468:(1634–38) 6438:(1609–46) 6124:Conflicts 6054:Air Force 5808:Fur trade 5731:Exovedate 5697:(Alberta) 4986:1757-8078 3787:159632535 2493:(1992) . 1742:Fort Pitt 1732:Saskatoon 1485:Aftermath 1039:Loon Lake 991:Cut Knife 959:Fort Pitt 943:Frog Lake 911:Duck Lake 883:Blackfoot 881:that his 759:Duck Lake 755:St. Louis 690:rebellion 622:Cut Knife 614:Duck Lake 533:Loon Lake 518:Cut Knife 508:Fort Pitt 503:Frog Lake 488:Duck Lake 418:Nez Perce 370:280 Métis 335:White Cap 7573:Malaysia 7495:Ethiopia 7393:Peshawar 7158:Manitoba 7140:Duar War 6436:Virginia 6352:Category 6275:See also 6251:Gulf War 6241:Cold War 6221:Boer War 5907:US Métis 5815:Marriage 5803:Scottish 5520:Archived 5489:archived 5462:Archived 5420:Archived 5397:Archived 5351:Archived 5329:Archived 5178:Archived 5076:Archived 4901:Archived 4841:Archived 4839:. 1995. 4812:Archived 4783:Archived 4672:Archived 4545:Archived 4515:Archived 4465:Archived 4439:Archived 4385:Archived 4360:Archived 4303:Archived 4274:Archived 4165:Archived 4132:Archived 4053:Archived 4024:Archived 3938:Archived 3913:Archived 3888:Archived 3863:Archived 3791:Archived 3667:archived 3639:archived 3612:archived 3570:archived 3513:archived 3486:archived 3459:archived 3388:archived 3361:archived 3270:archived 3243:archived 3176:archived 3149:archived 3122:archived 3094:Archived 2973:Archived 2884:Archived 2827:archived 2798:Archived 2768:Archived 2698:Archived 2636:Archived 2563:Archived 2511:Archived 2449:Archived 2414:Archived 2260:archived 2199:archived 2165:archived 2138:archived 2111:archived 2038:See also 1954:and the 1816:Winnipeg 1767:Cutknife 1597:Guardian 1362:Fine-Day 1147:skirmish 1137:Outbreak 879:Crowfoot 855:Big Bear 849:and the 843:Big Bear 826:Big Bear 824:spurred 793:) asked 727:Manitoba 598:Catholic 361:500 NWMP 350:Strength 302:Fine Day 291:Big Bear 98:Location 78:Bottom: 7567:Sarawak 7519:Sarawak 7411:Nigeria 7399:Mohmand 7387:Nigeria 7338:century 6996:Malacca 6990:Jamaica 6948:Algiers 6888:Reunion 6834:Surinam 6809:century 6755:Grenada 6749:Jamaica 6641:Jamaica 6562:century 6502:Jamaica 6430:Ireland 6423:century 6410:English 6110:Mi'kmaq 5951:Culture 5888:Society 5791:History 5733:(1885) 5715:(1870) 5641:people 5540:(1979) 4804:"Makwa" 2940:Buffalo 2774:29 July 1812:Toronto 1796:Toronto 1515:English 1499:English 1449:Calgary 1403:Batoche 1368:at the 1007:Batoche 769:in the 747:Batoche 729:to the 564:by the 523:Batoche 389:38 dead 108:Alberta 7587:(1982) 7563:(1962) 7561:Brunei 7551:(1956) 7515:(1945) 7497:(1943) 7479:(1935) 7455:(1925) 7449:(1923) 7437:(1921) 7431:(1920) 7419:(1919) 7413:(1918) 7407:(1917) 7405:Quebec 7395:(1915) 7389:(1915) 7383:(1915) 7365:(1906) 7316:(1899) 7298:(1897) 7292:(1897) 7280:(1896) 7274:(1896) 7268:(1895) 7244:(1891) 7238:(1891) 7232:(1890) 7226:(1888) 7224:Hazara 7214:(1885) 7208:(1885) 7202:(1882) 7172:(1879) 7160:(1870) 7154:(1868) 7136:(1864) 7124:(1863) 7088:(1854) 7082:(1852) 7070:(1848) 7068:Ceylon 7058:(1847) 7056:Canton 7016:(1839) 6968:(1823) 6966:Guiana 6962:(1819) 6950:(1816) 6944:(1815) 6938:(1815) 6908:(1810) 6902:(1810) 6896:(1810) 6890:(1810) 6884:(1810) 6878:(1809) 6872:(1809) 6860:(1807) 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