225:
629:
31:
103:
2598:
58:
80:
316:
1708:
485:
2586:
619:
and usually mate for life. The breeding season can vary from year to year and location to location, though clutches typically start appearing from August to April. Fledgling saddlebacks are often seen until March and April. Saddleback nests are mostly built in tree cavities within three metres of the
636:
The diet of North Island saddlebacks mostly consists of insects and other invertebrates, berries, and nectar. Their bill allows them to force open dead wood to expose insects such as grubs. In forests, saddlebacks forage at all heights, but tend to spend most of the time on the forest floor browsing
653:
between 1981 and 1990, but the population suffered high mortality due to rat predation (rats were not eradicated until 1998). Today, North Island saddleback populations are usually found on predator-free islands and in sanctuaries protected by pest fences, affording the birds protection from these
418:
The plumage of North Island saddlebacks is mostly black apart from the saddle, rump, and tail coverts, which are chestnut. North Island saddlebacks are distinguished from South Island saddlebacks by a faint yellow lining on the superior edge of the saddle. The black bill is starling-like, with
322:
320:
318:
321:
649:, were the primary cause of the North Island saddleback's extinction from mainland New Zealand. Saddlebacks are particularly susceptible to predation because of their tendency to roost and nest close to the ground. Several translocations of North Island saddlebacks were made to
602:. They have since started breeding outside the predator-proof sanctuary. They have also been introduced at several other mainland sanctuaries. North Island saddlebacks have become very dense on some offshore islands and the total population has increased to about 10,000.
319:
451:
forests, though as a result of translocations, they are now also found in various other forest environments. Before the arrival of
Europeans and the mammalian predators they introduced, North Island saddlebacks were widespread on the
744:
Robertson, Hugh A.; Baird, Karen; Dowding, John E.; Elliott, Graeme P.; Hitchmough, Rodney A.; Miskelly, Colin M.; McArthur, Nikki; O'Donnell, Colin F. J.; Sagar, Paul M.; Scofield, R. Paul; Taylor, Graeme A. (2017).
502:
began in 1964, with birds being transported to nearby
Whatupuke Island (Middle Chicken Island). Following further translocations, the North Island saddleback inhabits a number of islands offshore (and onshore, at
397:
Historically, there has been some uncertainty over the status of the North Island saddleback as its own species. North Island and South Island saddlebacks were formerly considered to be two subspecies of
431:) than females (69 g), and possess longer bills and larger wattles. North Island saddlebacks produce calls described as "cheet, te-te-te-te" or "ti-e-ke-ke-ke-ke". The Māori name for the bird,
317:
662:. Current efforts are focused towards exterminating pests surrounding mainland sanctuaries, to allow the saddlebacks to successfully expand outside of the sanctuaries.
1125:
2759:
2882:
1316:
2785:
1262:
1204:"A comparison of the effects of predation by Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and Polynesian rats (R. exulans) on the Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus)"
468:– decimated these populations, and by the 1890s, the mainland population was eliminated, and the only remaining North Island saddlebacks were those on
2733:
294:
87:
2907:
2902:
1052:
2892:
1309:
1150:
962:
783:
2897:
2468:
2191:
224:
2419:
2414:
2409:
489:
379:
1302:
2576:
499:
102:
2697:
2790:
406:. Today they are generally considered to be separate species, with the North Island saddlebacks having the binomial
2652:
2539:
1613:
673:; this has not yet spread to the North Island saddlebacks, but there are concerns that it may do so in the future.
628:
2666:
2380:
1068:
595:
2392:
1959:
1947:
2498:
1269:
1203:
980:"Sexual dimorphism and age determination in the North Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufaster)"
819:
2012:
1748:
535:
511:
469:
348:
282:
39:
746:
2684:
2614:
2510:
2272:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1801:
1654:
2702:
1263:
Disease outbreak amongst South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) on Long Island
2887:
2551:
2375:
2370:
2260:
2104:
1976:
1935:
1577:
719:
654:
predators. North Island saddlebacks appear to be capable of co-existing with some predators such as the
530:
495:
197:
2810:
2201:
1886:
1514:
1413:
1341:
1325:
30:
2331:
2319:
1784:
1772:
1736:
1437:
616:
473:
327:
47:
2602:
2478:
2473:
2294:
2245:
2235:
1850:
1724:
1666:
1531:
1526:
1485:
1425:
242:
97:
2429:
800:
2800:
2777:
2764:
1707:
456:
mainland and offshore islands. A combination of deforestation and introduced predators – first
2831:
2522:
2493:
2483:
2456:
2343:
2087:
2048:
1806:
1548:
1536:
1502:
1473:
1461:
1401:
1353:
1097:
1048:
958:
779:
298:
274:
174:
2846:
2689:
2556:
2527:
2446:
2360:
2116:
2099:
1678:
1389:
1241:
991:
912:
714:
583:
558:
444:
420:
368:
2836:
2818:
2451:
2065:
1988:
1565:
901:"A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact"
696:
588:
545:
384:
290:
62:
2424:
1796:
1230:"The distribution and current status of New Zealand Saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus"
1126:"Moment of truth for tieke reintroduced to Wellington's urban environment from Zealandia"
873:
2859:
2282:
2162:
2133:
2121:
1823:
1589:
578:
337:
333:
214:
846:
658:, possibly because they have had a longer history of cohabitation than with brown and
2876:
2772:
2255:
2250:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2157:
1177:
705:
666:
650:
573:
564:
540:
341:
67:
2590:
2434:
2277:
2145:
2024:
1898:
1760:
1625:
1449:
996:
979:
568:
504:
453:
374:
372:
has since been revised, and the two saddleback species are now in their own genus,
278:
2712:
957:. Vol. 7: Boatbill to starlings. Oxford University Press. pp. 986–1013.
917:
900:
594:
North Island saddlebacks were first re-introduced to the mainland in 2002, at the
2637:
2746:
2646:
2240:
2075:
1862:
424:
2854:
2488:
2036:
1964:
1377:
1246:
1229:
1014:
599:
164:
1903:
1268:(Report). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Archived from
423:
hanging from its base. North Island saddlebacks have an average length of 25
2174:
1874:
1601:
670:
659:
646:
461:
457:
448:
270:
154:
114:
2676:
1649:
1560:
1497:
2823:
2631:
2397:
465:
134:
484:
236: Islands and sanctuaries where North Island saddlebacks are present
2738:
1690:
1294:
390:
2751:
899:
Holdaway, Richard N.; Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2001).
2661:
1637:
1365:
336:
first described the species in 1828 from a specimen collected in the
124:
2725:
2608:
2720:
752:(Report). 19. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation.
655:
627:
483:
355:
314:
2355:
1818:
953:
Higgins, P. J.; Peter, J. M. & Cowling, S. J., eds. (2006).
428:
286:
144:
2612:
1298:
2365:
1908:
690:
688:
686:
808:(2nd ed.). Orewa, New Zealand: Arun Books. p. 196.
281:
of New
Zealand. It was once considered conspecific with the
1047:(Revised and updated ed.). Penguin. pp. 397–398.
354:
refers to the saddleback's plumage – a combination of the
16:
Species of bird endemic to the North Island of New
Zealand
955:
Handbook of
Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds
382:
in 1832, comes from a portmanteau of two genus names –
488:
An artificial nest box for North Island saddleback at
293:, while it is listed as a "recovering" species in the
2574:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
402:, with the North Island subspecies being designated
2621:
2310:
2190:
2064:
1839:
1715:
1332:
720:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103730503A132191453.en
1178:"Small forest birds - Saddlebacks and stitchbirds"
820:"North Island Saddleback (Philesturnus rufusater)"
443:North Island saddlebacks naturally occupy lowland
1069:"Saddleback/tīeke: New Zealand native land birds"
1197:
1195:
948:
1151:"Rare saddleback chicks found in Polhill Gully"
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
665:South Island saddlebacks have been affected by
632:Saddleback feeding on nectar from a flax flower
1119:
1117:
1115:
1043:Heather, Barrie & Robertson, Hugh (2015).
774:Heather, Barrie & Robertson, Hugh (1996).
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
1310:
645:Introduced mammalian predators, particularly
620:ground. They lay up to four eggs per clutch.
8:
2560:
2543:
2531:
2514:
2502:
2460:
2438:
2401:
2384:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2298:
2286:
2264:
2227:
2205:
2178:
2166:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2108:
2091:
2079:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1827:
1810:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1552:
1540:
1518:
1506:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1045:The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
776:The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
2609:
1317:
1303:
1295:
1009:
1007:
435:, is derived from the sound of this call.
223:
78:
56:
29:
20:
1245:
995:
916:
718:
1228:Hooson, Scott; Jamieson, Ian G. (2003).
878:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
851:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
824:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
747:New Zealand Threat Classification Series
295:New Zealand Threat Classification System
2581:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
739:
737:
682:
978:Jenkins, P. F.; Veitch, C. R. (1991).
366:'black'. Their placement in the genus
2883:IUCN Red List near threatened species
378:. The name of this genus, created by
7:
2811:fe1aa6ca-3e3f-4280-a93e-8db5fed3dabf
802:The Discovery of New Zealand’s Birds
706:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
251:Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater
472:, a small island off the coast of
14:
1015:"Tīeke / North Island saddleback"
2596:
2584:
2469:North Island little spotted kiwi
1706:
101:
1234:Bird Conservation International
695:BirdLife International (2018).
427:. Males tend to be heavier (80
2420:North Island stout-legged wren
2415:South Island stout-legged wren
997:10.1080/03014223.1991.10422851
984:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
905:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
380:Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
340:four years earlier, using the
1:
1124:Swinnen, Lucy (26 May 2017).
918:10.1080/03014223.2001.9518262
615:North Island saddlebacks are
525:Coppermine Island (colonized)
2903:Endemic birds of New Zealand
1071:. Department of Conservation
778:. Viking. pp. 418–419.
598:(now known as Zealandia) in
500:New Zealand Wildlife Service
799:Watola, George V. (2011) .
326:North Island saddleback at
297:. Saddlebacks are known in
38:North Island saddleback on
2924:
2540:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1614:South Island oystercatcher
1100:. New Zealand Birds Online
713:: e.T103730503A132191453.
460:and feral cats, then also
2908:Taxa named by René Lesson
2893:Birds of the North Island
2381:Auckland Island merganser
1704:
1261:Hale, Katrina A. (2008).
1247:10.1017/S0959270903003083
1202:Lovegrove, T. G. (1996).
1098:"North Island saddleback"
596:Karori Wildlife Sanctuary
400:Philesturnus carunculatus
248:
241:
231:
222:
203:
196:
98:Scientific classification
96:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
2393:Chatham Island merganser
1960:Northern royal albatross
1948:New Zealand storm petrel
439:Distribution and habitat
311:Taxonomy and systematics
24:North Island saddleback
2898:Birds described in 1828
2801:north-island-saddleback
2013:South Island saddleback
2001:North Island saddleback
1977:Orange-fronted parakeet
1749:North Island brown kiwi
1155:Wellington City Council
536:Tiritiri Matangi Island
512:Hen and Chicken Islands
283:South Island saddleback
269:) is a forest-dwelling
261:North Island saddleback
40:Tiritiri Matangi Island
2860:Philesturnus-rufusater
2667:philesturnus-rufusater
2653:Philesturnus rufusater
2623:Philesturnus rufusater
2561:
2544:
2532:
2515:
2503:
2461:
2439:
2402:
2385:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2299:
2287:
2265:
2228:
2206:
2179:
2167:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2109:
2092:
2080:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1924:New Zealand fairy tern
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1828:
1811:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1655:Variable oystercatcher
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1553:
1541:
1519:
1507:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
699:Philesturnus rufusater
633:
492:
408:Philesturnus rufusater
330:
266:Philesturnus rufusater
207:Philesturnus rufusater
2552:New Zealand musk duck
2499:Scarlett's shearwater
2376:South Island adzebill
2371:North Island adzebill
2261:Erect-crested penguin
2105:Chatham oystercatcher
1936:New Zealand king shag
1578:New Zealand rock wren
631:
606:Behaviour and ecology
531:Little Barrier Island
487:
362:'reddish-brown', and
325:
289:lists the species as
2202:Antipodean albatross
2192:Subantarctic islands
1515:New Zealand dotterel
1414:Double-banded plover
1326:Birds of New Zealand
2511:North Island takahē
2386:rakiraki maungahuka
2332:New Zealand bittern
2320:South Island piopio
2273:Reischek's parakeet
1919:South Island kōkako
1914:North Island kōkako
1802:South Island takahē
1785:Yellow-eyed penguin
1773:Southern brown kiwi
1737:Little spotted kiwi
328:Orana Wildlife Park
48:Conservation status
2479:South Island snipe
2474:North Island snipe
2295:Subantarctic snipe
2246:Campbell albatross
2236:Antipodes parakeet
2180:kawau o rangihaute
1851:Black-fronted tern
1725:Great spotted kiwi
1667:White-fronted tern
1532:North Island robin
1527:South Island robin
1486:Long-tailed cuckoo
1426:New Zealand falcon
1176:Troup, Christina.
1157:. 10 November 2014
872:Jobling, James A.
845:Jobling, James A.
634:
550:Red Mercury Island
493:
331:
2870:
2869:
2832:Open Tree of Life
2615:Taxon identifiers
2572:
2571:
2523:New Zealand goose
2344:New Zealand quail
2088:Chatham albatross
1807:Fiordland penguin
1549:Paradise shelduck
1537:New Zealand scaup
1474:Sacred kingfisher
1462:Grey-faced petrel
1354:Black-billed gull
1054:978-0-143-57092-9
522:Lady Alice Island
388:(friarbirds) and
345:Icterus rufusater
323:
257:
256:
189:P. rufusater
91:
71:
2915:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2564:
2557:New Zealand swan
2547:
2535:
2518:
2506:
2464:
2442:
2410:Long-billed wren
2405:
2388:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2302:
2290:
2268:
2231:
2209:
2182:
2170:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:Chatham parakeet
2112:
2100:Chatham gerygone
2095:
2083:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1831:
1814:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1556:
1544:
1522:
1510:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1390:Buff-banded rail
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1296:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1011:
1002:
1001:
999:
975:
969:
968:
950:
923:
922:
920:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
816:
810:
809:
807:
796:
790:
789:
771:
754:
753:
751:
741:
732:
731:
729:
727:
722:
692:
637:in leaf litter.
624:Food and feeding
584:Rangitoto Island
559:Moutohora Island
519:Whatupuke Island
324:
235:
227:
209:
106:
105:
85:
82:
81:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2843:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2819:Observation.org
2817:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2745:
2737:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2452:Waitaha penguin
2447:Chatham penguin
2312:
2306:
2194:
2186:
2068:
2066:Chatham Islands
2060:
1989:Red-billed gull
1982:kākāriki karaka
1843:
1841:
1835:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1005:
977:
976:
972:
965:
952:
951:
926:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
880:. Lynx Edicions
871:
870:
866:
856:
854:
853:. Lynx Edicions
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
826:. Lynx Edicions
818:
817:
813:
805:
798:
797:
793:
786:
773:
772:
757:
749:
743:
742:
735:
725:
723:
694:
693:
684:
679:
643:
626:
613:
608:
589:Motutapu Island
546:Mercury Islands
498:efforts by the
482:
441:
416:
404:P. c. rufusater
315:
313:
291:Near Threatened
237:
233:
218:
211:
205:
192:
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63:Near Threatened
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2508:
2496:
2494:Imber's petrel
2491:
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2484:Forbes's snipe
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2457:Eyles' harrier
2454:
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2266:tawaki nana hī
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2160:
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2122:Chatham petrel
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1028:
1017:. Auckland Zoo
1003:
990:(4): 445–450.
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2239:
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2229:tētē kākāriki
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2222:
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663:
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565:Mokoia Island
563:
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541:Cuvier Island
539:
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534:
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515:
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496:Translocation
491:
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394:(starlings).
393:
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349:specific name
346:
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339:
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310:
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296:
292:
288:
284:
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273:bird species
272:
268:
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230:
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210:
208:
202:
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198:Binomial name
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Passeriformes
153:
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143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
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129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
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95:
89:
75:
69:
64:
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2888:Philesturnus
2622:
2435:Laughing owl
2430:Chatham kākā
2425:Lyall's wren
2278:Snares snipe
2146:Chatham shag
2025:Shore plover
2000:
1899:Foveaux shag
1824:Blue penguin
1761:Okarito kiwi
1626:Spotted shag
1554:pūtangitangi
1450:Grey warbler
1277:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1256:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1217:(2): 91–112.
1214:
1210:
1182:. Retrieved
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:
1102:. Retrieved
1073:. Retrieved
1063:
1044:
1019:. Retrieved
987:
983:
973:
954:
908:
904:
894:
882:. Retrieved
877:
867:
855:. Retrieved
850:
840:
828:. Retrieved
823:
814:
801:
794:
775:
724:. Retrieved
710:
704:
698:
664:
644:
635:
614:
593:
569:Lake Rotorua
505:Lake Rotorua
494:
454:North Island
447:and coastal
442:
432:
417:
407:
403:
399:
396:
389:
383:
375:Philesturnus
373:
367:
363:
359:
351:
344:
332:
303:
302:
279:North Island
265:
264:
260:
258:
250:
249:
206:
204:
188:
187:
176:Philesturnus
175:
18:
2747:iNaturalist
2647:Wikispecies
2603:New Zealand
2545:ruru hinapō
2241:Bounty shag
2076:Black robin
1863:Black stilt
1696:ngutuparore
1660:tōrea pango
1571:tītipounamu
1520:tūturiwhatu
1395:moho-pererū
1130:Stuff.co.nz
847:"Rufusater"
726:20 November
419:orange-red
414:Description
334:René Lesson
2877:Categories
2855:Xeno-canto
2533:manutahora
2489:Snipe-rail
2403:mātuhituhi
2049:Yellowhead
2037:Stitchbird
1965:Otago shag
1953:takahikare
1840:Endangered
1716:Flightless
1631:pārekareka
1443:pīwakawaka
1378:Brown teal
1279:2018-02-01
1184:1 February
1161:1 February
1135:1 February
1104:1 February
1075:1 February
1021:1 February
884:1 February
857:1 February
830:1 February
677:References
660:black rats
647:brown rats
617:monogamous
600:Wellington
516:Hen Island
470:Hen Island
462:black rats
458:brown rats
165:Callaeidae
84:Recovering
2778:103730503
2690:103730503
2638:Q15894259
2288:pokotiwha
2175:Pitt shag
2030:tūturuatu
1994:tarāpunga
1941:kawau tūī
1875:Blue duck
1856:tarapiroe
1684:pōpokotea
1679:Whitehead
1602:Silvereye
1240:: 79–95.
671:avian pox
490:Zealandia
474:Northland
466:mustelids
449:evergreen
445:broadleaf
352:rufusater
271:passerine
183:Species:
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
2765:10670910
2685:BirdLife
2674:BioLib:
2632:Wikidata
2398:Bushwren
2300:tutukiwi
1929:tara-iti
1887:Fernbird
1844:(flying)
1643:miromiro
1583:pīwauwau
1566:Rifleman
1508:pīhoihoi
1455:riroriro
1431:kārearea
1419:pohowera
1402:Dabchick
1359:tarāpuka
1347:korimako
1342:Bellbird
1211:Notornis
1180:. Te Ara
611:Breeding
385:Philemon
243:Synonyms
161:Family:
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
2847:5437749
2791:1032621
2739:4846969
2726:saddle2
2713:saddle2
2677:1004156
2577:Portals
2462:kērangi
2337:kaoriki
2311:Extinct
2127:ranguru
1778:tokoeka
1691:Wrybill
1542:pāpango
1491:koekoeā
1438:Fantail
641:Threats
421:wattles
391:Sturnus
369:Icterus
277:to the
275:endemic
217:, 1828)
171:Genus:
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
66: (
2844:uBio:
2808:NZOR:
2798:NZBO:
2752:464301
2703:770717
2662:ARKive
2504:ōiruki
2440:whēkau
2349:koreke
2325:piopio
2081:karure
1970:Matapo
1892:mātātā
1829:kororā
1812:tawaki
1797:Kākāpō
1638:Tomtit
1607:tauhou
1561:Pūkeko
1498:Kererū
1479:kōtare
1407:weweia
1383:pāteke
1371:pipipi
1333:Common
1051:
961:
782:
358:words
347:. The
285:. The
234:
215:Lesson
88:NZ TCS
2837:22325
2824:75911
2760:IRMNG
2721:eBird
2710:BOW:
2591:Birds
2562:poūwa
2313:birds
2207:Toroa
2195:birds
2168:tāiko
2151:papua
2139:parea
2110:tōrea
2093:toroa
2069:birds
2054:mōhua
2018:tīeke
2006:tīeke
1790:hoiho
1754:roroa
1730:roroa
1718:birds
1619:tōrea
1503:Pipit
1335:birds
1273:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
806:(PDF)
750:(PDF)
656:kiore
433:tīeke
360:rufus
356:Latin
304:tīeke
299:Māori
2786:NCBI
2773:IUCN
2734:GBIF
2698:BOLD
2516:moho
2356:Huia
2042:hihi
1904:Kākā
1880:whio
1868:kakī
1819:Weka
1766:rowi
1672:tara
1186:2018
1163:2018
1137:2018
1106:2018
1077:2018
1049:ISBN
1023:2018
959:ISBN
886:2018
859:2018
832:2018
780:ISBN
728:2021
711:2018
669:and
464:and
364:ater
287:IUCN
259:The
145:Aves
2366:Moa
1909:Kea
1650:Tūī
1242:doi
992:doi
913:doi
715:doi
301:as
2879::
2857::
2834::
2821::
2788::
2775::
2762::
2749::
2736::
2723::
2700::
2687::
2664::
2649::
2634::
1467:ōi
1238:13
1236:.
1232:.
1215:43
1213:.
1209:.
1194:^
1153:.
1128:.
1114:^
1085:^
1031:^
1006:^
988:18
986:.
982:.
927:^
909:28
907:.
903:.
876:.
849:.
822:.
758:^
736:^
709:.
703:.
685:^
567:,
476:.
425:cm
410:.
307:.
2579::
2565:)
2559:(
2548:)
2542:(
2536:)
2530:(
2519:)
2513:(
2507:)
2501:(
2465:)
2459:(
2443:)
2437:(
2406:)
2400:(
2389:)
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2033:)
2027:(
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2015:(
2009:)
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1991:(
1985:)
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1895:)
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1318:e
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1304:v
1282:.
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429:g
263:(
213:(
90:)
70:)
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