1102:
384:
274:
2811:
993:
261:
1007:
62:
2616:
300:
2799:
2342:
2145:
2038:
574:
who commanded sizeable economic and cultural prosperity. However, the language of
Marwanid administration and culture life was reported to be exclusively Arabic. Under the Ayyubids, many scholars note that Kurmanji gained a privileged status but admit that there is a paucity of evidence due to the
922:
and after strong criticism from parts of the community, the authorities chose to ratify the charter by mentioning both "Kurdish" and "Yezidi" as two separate languages. This resulted in the term Êzdîkî being used by some researchers when delving into the question of minority languages in
Armenia,
593:
A growing interest in the use of
Kurmanji in literature began from the 14th century on when Kurdistan had relative political stability and economic prosperity. However, it was not until the 16th century, that a Kurmanji literary tradition arose. During this era,
528:
reports that the use of
Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
906:
Ezdîkî is used for
Kurmanji to differentiate themselves from Kurds. While Ezdîkî is no different from Kurmanji, some attempt to prove that Ezdîkî is an independent language, including claims that it is a
542:
Although Kurds are mentioned in the pre-Islamic period, there is no information of the
Kurdish language before the Islamic period. The first mention of Kurmanji Kurdish is by the medieval Chaldean author
634:. Unlike his peers, Xanî consciously worked to codify Kurmanji as a written language. Pre-modern Kurmanji began to decline in the 19th century simultaneously with decline of the Kurdish principalities.
923:
since most
Kurdish-speakers in Armenia are Yazidis. As a consequence of this move, Armenian universities offer language courses in both Kurmanji and Êzdîkî as two different dialects.
1696:"Construction of Kurdish and Yezidi Identities among the Kurmanji-speaking Population of the Republic of Armenia, in: Changing Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia – 2011"
915:
1700:
Changing
Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Collection of Selected Works, Edited by V. Voronkov, S. Khutsishvili, J. Horan), Heinrich Böll Stiftung South Caucasus
279:
3143:
1536:
2604:
1185:
2849:
3386:
3268:
2330:
2133:
1721:
Majid Hassan Ali (15 February 2019). "The identity controversy of religious minorities in Iraq: the crystallization of the Yazidi identity after 2003".
4044:
2095:
Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.
555:
1860:
1819:"Methodologische Überlegungen zur soziokulturellen Dokumentation von Minderheiten in Armenien. Iran and the Caucasus Vol. 18, 2, pp. 169-193"
618:
regions and quoted a
Kurmanji poem by local poet in his work. Prominent scholars from this period, whose works are preserved today include
2582:
2064:
1505:
4074:
3136:
2083:
2597:
1999:
1910:
1885:
1775:
1678:
1297:
2111:
4069:
4064:
4039:
2842:
2308:
4079:
3379:
3261:
2323:
2126:
3024:
1956:
1329:
134:
4049:
4009:
3129:
4059:
4054:
4024:
2766:
2590:
659:
and the presence of facultative phonemes. For example, Kurmanji
Kurdish distinguishes between aspirated and unaspirated
4034:
2835:
2571:
1765:
1551:
548:
1976:
Sheyholislami, Jaffer (2021), "The History and Development of Literary Central Kurdish", in Bozarslan, Hamit (ed.),
1602:
554:
Kurmanji may have potentially been a literary language from the 10th to the 12th century with the formation of many
4029:
4019:
3372:
3254:
2316:
2119:
1981:
1576:Öpengin, Ergin; Haig, Geoffrey (2014), "Regional variation in Kurmanji: A preliminary classification of dialects",
1192:
1171:
Bahdinan Kurmanji - A grammar of the Kurmanji of the Kurds of Mosul division and surrounding districts of Kurdistan
1141:
1115:
4014:
3834:
3659:
3434:
887:
712:
129:
1038:
582:
in which few words have been identified in a mostly indecipherable text. The first proper text in Kurmanji is a
606:
wrote most of his poetry and theological commentaries in Kurmanji. Furthermore, during his trips to Kurdistan,
368:
2062:
Reference Grammar with Selected Readings for Kurmanji Kurdish, written by W. M. Thackston (Harvard University)
759:
374:
327:
3899:
3235:
1227:
114:
1403:
As for their language, the Yezidis themselves, in an attempt to avoid being identified with Kurds, call it
3409:
3230:
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1668:
1101:
1031:
805:
692:
688:
684:
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672:
668:
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571:
119:
619:
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2942:
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2566:
2297:
2214:
653:
3757:
964:
911:. This has been criticized as not being based on scientific evidence and lacking scientific consensus.
3817:
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3539:
3189:
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2497:
2492:
2451:
2431:
2379:
2219:
2023:
743:
1853:
Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I
3973:
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3456:
3090:
3003:
2969:
2957:
2620:
2292:
2172:
1186:"Language and Literacy Practices of Kurdish Children Across Their Home and School Spaces in Turkey"
840:
649:
470:
778:
578:
The first known written attestation of Kurmanji is from the geographical work Mu'jam ul-Buldān by
3888:
3865:
3855:
3590:
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3298:
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2005:
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3481:
3451:
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3095:
2888:
2700:
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1995:
1952:
1906:
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1856:
1771:
1738:
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1585:
1386:
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1020:
956:
856:
848:
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516:
480:
139:
124:
2061:
3909:
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3800:
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2517:
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2404:
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2276:
2266:
2261:
2231:
2181:
1985:
1730:
1378:
1348:
1012:
998:
908:
867:
786:
771:
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623:
607:
504:
461:
428:
266:
1218:
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3812:
3765:
3708:
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3045:
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2908:
2815:
2735:
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2527:
2512:
2502:
2446:
2426:
2416:
2384:
2271:
2256:
2187:
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2068:
1222:
1025:
944:
936:
829:
821:
817:
809:
603:
579:
567:
563:
432:
227:
221:
106:
1791:
1118:. Self-Administration of North & East Syria Representation in Benelux. Archived from
794:
3969:
3927:
3914:
3617:
3606:
3555:
3498:
3492:
3466:
3461:
3194:
3110:
3070:
2947:
2935:
2913:
2715:
2669:
2522:
2237:
932:
728:
660:
656:
215:
205:
1833:
383:
360:
4003:
3875:
3829:
3745:
3628:
3611:
3353:
3332:
2988:
2803:
2740:
2421:
2409:
2009:
1750:
1369:
Arakelova, Victoria (2001). "Healing Practices among the Yezidi Sheikhs of Armenia".
544:
419:
3008:
2977:
2730:
2720:
1926:
1767:
Handbuch des Russischen in Deutschland: Migration – Mehrsprachigkeit – Spracherwerb
1146:
820:, and in several adjacent parts of the south of Turkish Kurdistan, centered on the
559:
1734:
1287:
3920:
2092:
978:
1627:
1006:
61:
3583:
2045:
1990:
1094:
988:
970:
524:
1742:
1589:
1390:
801:) provinces of the northeast of Turkish Kurdistan, as well as adjacent areas.
17:
3772:
2098:
952:
940:
903:
353:
337:
319:
76:
1419:
960:
918:
and placed Kurdish under state protection. However, because of the divided
1878:
New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs
1265:
1089:
1069:
344:
974:
500:
1628:"The Human Rights Situation of the Yezidi Minority in the Transcaucasus"
1119:
3950:
3570:
3525:
3121:
2024:
Kurdish Kurmanji Lemmatization and Spell-checker with Spell-correction.
1398:
883:
707:
of great variability. Loosely, six dialect areas can be distinguished:
511:
305:
235:
3730:
3577:
3550:
3320:
2872:
2827:
2615:
2436:
2399:
948:
899:
879:
484:
409:
231:
3364:
1834:"The Yezidis of Armenia Face Identity Crisis over Kurdish Ethnicity"
1818:
1695:
1382:
3246:
875:
648:
Phonological features in Kurmanji include the distinction between
611:
496:
87:
388:
Geographic distribution of the Kurdish languages spoken by Kurds
3904:
2349:
2341:
2144:
2050:
615:
492:
488:
3368:
3250:
3125:
2831:
2586:
2312:
2115:
2102:
1513:. Paris: La librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient Adrien Maisonneuve
551:
also purported the existence of an alphabet for the language.
390:
1654:
Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority
575:
lack of written Kurmanji documents from the Ayyubid court.
2053:
Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
2041:
2026:" UHD Journal of Science and Technology 7.1 (2023): 43-52.
777:
Northern Kurmanji or Serhed Kurdish, spoken mainly in the
547:(d. 930/1) in his treatise about alphabets. Orientalist
1191:. Arizona State University. p. 146. Archived from
510:
Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of
507:
regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.
2056:
1764:
Witzlack-Makarevich, Kai; Wulff, Nadja (2017-08-08).
1219:"Kurdish language I. History of the Kurdish language"
981:
immigrants in Turkish Kurdistan also speak Kurmanji.
520:
and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.
3943:
3843:
3667:
3658:
3517:
3442:
3433:
3402:
3341:
3307:
3223:
3182:
3159:
3033:
3017:
2968:
2881:
2865:
2775:
2749:
2683:
2643:
2627:
2559:
2536:
2480:
2372:
2356:
2285:
2249:
2207:
2156:
916:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
367:
351:
335:
317:
312:
288:
249:
244:
202:
163:
103:
93:
83:
71:
34:
1951:(1st ed.). İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. 2000.
1927:"Türkçe için getirilen Bulgarlar Kürtçe konuşuyor"
959:around 110 Kurmanji-speaking Armenian villages in
847:) in the southeast of Turkish Kurdistan, and the
1252:Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East
663:, which can be aspirated in all positions. Thus
3380:
3262:
3137:
2843:
2598:
2324:
2127:
2022:Mustafa, Hanar Hoshyar, and Rebwar M. Nabi. "
1530:
1528:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
51:
45:
8:
1320:Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl (2005).
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
610:praised the educational institutions of the
1343:
1341:
1292:. Asian Educational Services. p. 906.
839:Southeastern Kurmanji or Badînî, spoken in
3664:
3439:
3387:
3373:
3365:
3269:
3255:
3247:
3144:
3130:
3122:
2850:
2836:
2828:
2605:
2591:
2583:
2331:
2317:
2309:
2134:
2120:
2112:
2099:
914:On January 25, 2002, Armenia ratified the
382:
60:
31:
2093:Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo corpus
1989:
1903:The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History
1723:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
1544:Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung
590:from the first half of the 14th century.
2076:Kurdish Grammar: Kurmanji Reference Book
2057:Egerîn, Kurdish (Kurmanji) search engine
1322:The Kurds : a Contemporary Overview
1173:. Baghdad: Government Press. p. ii.
943:shifted from speaking their traditional
66:Kurmanji Kurdish written in both scripts
1656:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 123.
1537:"Kurdish linguistics: a brief overview"
1142:"Rojava could be a model for all Syria"
1050:
955:also exist and there were prior to the
218:(Latin) in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran
1905:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 355.
1535:Haig, Geoffrey; Matras, Yaron (2002).
1770:(in German). Frank & Timme GmbH.
742:Southwestern Kurmanji, spoken in the
711:Northwestern Kurmanji, spoken in the
602:, wrote that a certain leader of the
162:
7:
1507:Grammaire Kurde (Dialecte kurmandji)
483:, spoken predominantly in southeast
1796:Minority Rights Group International
465:
46:
3979:Languages between parentheses are
1978:The Cambridge History of the Kurds
863:) in the north of Iraqi Kurdistan.
25:
808:in the east of Syrian Kurdistan,
3953:(unknown further classification)
2936:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2810:
2809:
2797:
2614:
2340:
2143:
2036:
1231:. London and New York: Routledge
1100:
1005:
991:
866:Anatolian Kurmanji is spoken in
735:) provinces of the northwest of
475:'Kurdish'), also termed
298:
272:
259:
2948:Suret (Assyrian & Chaldean)
2238:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
1633:. Refworld. May 2008. p. 5
1070:"Ethnologue - Kurmanji Kurdish"
1035:, a Kurdish linguistic magazine
947:language to either Kurmanji or
4045:Languages of Georgia (country)
3983:of the language on their left.
3236:Armenian Women's Sign Language
3025:Levantine Arabic Sign Language
2078:. Erzîrom: Amazon publishing.
1832:Serinci, Deniz (28 May 2014).
1670:The Caucasus - An Introduction
1667:Coene, Frederik (2009-10-16).
1550:(1). Berlin: 5. Archived from
1169:Captain R. E. Jardine (1922).
1:
2644:Recognized minority languages
1735:10.1080/13530194.2019.1577129
1420:"Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji)"
804:Southern Kurmanji, spoken in
479:, is the northernmost of the
2767:Central Taurus Sign Language
1876:Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020).
1855:. Gorgias Press. p. 4.
1184:Ayfer Gokalp (August 2015).
766:) provinces of Turkish, and
2736:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic
2572:Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language
2208:Official minority languages
1901:Kévorkian, Raymond (2011).
1150:. Nationalita. 29 July 2014
927:Kurmanji among other groups
920:Yazidi community in Armenia
584:Christian missionary prayer
99:16 million (2021–2023)
4096:
1982:Cambridge University Press
1116:"Social Contract - Sa-Nes"
894:Ezdîkî and Yazidi politics
641:
487:, northwest and northeast
441: mixed language areas
4075:Languages of Turkmenistan
3960:
3284:
2791:
2262:Southern Kurdish (Xwarin)
2109:
2104:Links to related articles
1991:10.1017/9781108623711.026
1880:. Springer. p. 161.
1652:Sebastian Maisel (2017).
1289:Notes on Kurdish Dialects
570:and especially under the
381:
251:Official language in
224:(Arabic) in Iraq and Iran
59:
44:
39:
2684:Other minority languages
2250:Other minority languages
1607:previous.cabinet.gov.krd
1504:; Lescot, Roger (1970).
27:Northern Kurdish dialect
4070:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
4065:Languages of Kazakhstan
4040:Languages of Azerbaijan
1250:Georg Krotkoff (1997).
4080:Languages of Kurdistan
3231:Armenian Sign Language
1694:Tork Dalalyan (2011).
1603:"The Kurdish language"
1371:Asian Folklore Studies
1266:"Ethnologue - Kurdish"
931:During the end of the
806:Al-Hasakah Governorate
600:Principality of Bitlis
52:
2783:Turkish bird language
2757:Turkish Sign Language
2567:Persian Sign Language
2298:Kurdish Sign Language
2074:Baran, Murat (2021).
1851:Gaunt, David (2006).
1217:Paul, Ludwig (2008).
642:Further information:
4050:Languages of Lebanon
4010:Languages of Armenia
3974:historical languages
3153:Languages of Armenia
2894:Circassian languages
2762:Mardin Sign Language
2220:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1984:, pp. 603–632,
1929:. Rûdaw. 17 May 2017
1489:Sheyholislami (2021)
1477:Sheyholislami (2021)
1465:Sheyholislami (2021)
1453:Sheyholislami (2021)
1441:Sheyholislami (2021)
1349:"Yazidis i. General"
1286:E. S. Soane (1909).
1228:Encyclopædia Iranica
687:, and the affricate
514:. Their sacred book
4060:Languages of Russia
4055:Languages of Jordan
4025:Languages of Turkey
3034:Immigrant languages
2970:Varieties of Arabic
2958:Western Neo-Aramaic
2621:Languages of Turkey
2293:Iraqi Sign Language
2173:Mesopotamian Arabic
2044:Kurdish (Kurmanji)
1792:"Kurds (Kurdmanzh)"
1729:(5). Routledge: 8.
1502:Khan, Celadet Bedir
1491:, pp. 620–621.
1455:, pp. 612–613.
1443:, pp. 611–612.
1039:Mela Huseynê Bateyî
845:Parêzgeha Colêmêrgê
538:Pre-modern Kurmanji
290:Recognised minority
4035:Languages of Syria
3183:Minority languages
2882:Minority languages
2859:Languages of Syria
2481:Minority languages
2373:Regional languages
2157:Official languages
2067:2021-07-29 at the
1557:on 10 October 2017
1479:, p. 614-617.
1122:on 9 December 2018
768:Aleppo Governorate
596:Sharafkhan Bidlisi
466:کورمانجی, Kurmancî
402:(Northern Kurdish)
79:, Kurdish diaspora
4030:Languages of Iraq
4020:Languages of Iran
3997:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3939:
3938:
3654:
3653:
3396:Iranian languages
3362:
3361:
3342:Related languages
3244:
3243:
3160:Official language
3119:
3118:
2866:Official language
2825:
2824:
2804:Turkey portal
2776:Whistle languages
2628:Official language
2580:
2579:
2538:Working languages
2357:Official language
2306:
2305:
2150:Languages of Iraq
2051:Kurdish Institute
1862:978-1-59333-301-0
1098:(27th ed., 2024)
1021:Kurdish alphabets
957:Armenian genocide
874:), especially in
857:Erbil Governorate
849:Dohuk Governorate
816:) in the west of
737:Turkish Kurdistan
705:dialect continuum
703:Kurmanji forms a
699:Dialect continuum
644:Kurdish phonology
556:Kurdish dynasties
481:Kurdish languages
474:
455:
454:
449:
448:
412:(Central Kurdish)
75:Autochthonous to
16:(Redirected from
4087:
4015:Kurdish language
3835:Zoroastrian Dari
3665:
3440:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3366:
3278:Kurdish language
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3215:Western Armenian
3172:Eastern Armenian
3146:
3139:
3132:
3123:
2998:
2991:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2726:Levantine Arabic
2619:
2618:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2472:Khorasani Turkic
2345:
2344:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2257:Gorani (Hawrami)
2148:
2147:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2100:
2089:
2040:
2039:
2012:
1993:
1963:
1962:
1949:Aşiretler raporu
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
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1892:
1891:
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1867:
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1842:
1841:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:Schulze, Ilona.
1814:
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1754:
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1317:
1311:
1310:
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1274:
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1223:Yarshater, Ehsan
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1198:on 30 March 2019
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909:Semitic language
868:Central Anatolia
861:Parêzgeha Hewlêr
853:Parêzgeha Dihokê
841:Hakkâri Province
772:Syrian Kurdistan
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477:Northern Kurdish
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429:Southern Kurdish
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267:Kurdistan Region
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40:Northern Kurdish
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2873:Standard Arabic
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2017:Further reading
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1578:Kurdish Studies
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1026:Kurdish grammar
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888:Anatolian Kurds
855:) and parts of
818:Iraqi Kurdistan
810:Sinjar District
770:in the west of
701:
667:contrasts with
661:voiceless stops
657:voiceless stops
646:
640:
588:Armenian script
580:Yaqut al-Hamawi
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535:
451:
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245:Official status
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228:Cyrillic script
222:Sorani alphabet
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159:
110:
107:Language family
105:
96:
95:Native speakers
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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3808:
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3801:Semnani proper
3798:
3793:
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3420:Middle Iranian
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3404:
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3224:Sign languages
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3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
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3180:
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3177:
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3163:
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3157:
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3149:
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3141:
3134:
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3117:
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3103:
3098:
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3018:Sign languages
3015:
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3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2980:
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2750:Sign languages
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2560:Sign languages
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2523:Zargari Romani
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2286:Sign languages
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2269:
2264:
2259:
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2251:
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2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2209:
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2201:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2160:
2158:
2154:
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2141:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2085:979-8666578360
2084:
2071:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2032:
2031:External links
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2027:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1957:
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1918:
1911:
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1798:. 19 June 2015
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1467:, p. 613.
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1377:(2): 319–328.
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1254:. p. 299.
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872:Anatolya Navîn
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715:(in Kurmanji:
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313:Language codes
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216:Hawar alphabet
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3900:Caucasian Tat
3898:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Proto-Iranian
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3367:
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2185:
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2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
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2108:
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2094:
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2077:
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2055:
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2049:
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2043:
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2034:
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2025:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:9781108623711
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1912:9780857730206
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1887:9783030594008
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1854:
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1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1813:
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1797:
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1787:
1784:
1779:
1777:9783732902279
1773:
1769:
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1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
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1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1680:9781135203023
1676:
1673:. Routledge.
1672:
1671:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1648:
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1629:
1623:
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1608:
1604:
1598:
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1415:
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1400:
1396:
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1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1324:. Routledge.
1323:
1316:
1313:
1301:
1299:9788120617506
1295:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1267:
1261:
1258:
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1243:
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1187:
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1177:
1172:
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1162:
1149:
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1137:
1134:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
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1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1003:
1000:
989:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:. Kurdophone
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
921:
917:
912:
910:
905:
901:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:Kahramanmaraş
710:
709:
708:
706:
698:
696:
662:
658:
655:
651:
645:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
624:Feqiyê Teyran
621:
620:Melayê Cizîrî
617:
613:
609:
608:Evliya Çelebi
605:
604:Derzin Castle
601:
597:
591:
589:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
549:Joseph Hammer
546:
545:Ibn Wahshiyya
537:
532:
530:
527:
526:
521:
519:
518:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
472:
463:
459:
445:
434:
430:
421:
420:Zaza language
411:
401:
393:
392:
385:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
339:
334:
329:
324:
321:
316:
311:
307:
295:
287:
281:
270:
268:
257:
256:
254:
248:
243:
237:
233:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
211:
207:
201:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
169:Botani (Boti)
168:
167:
166:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:Indo-European
112:
108:
102:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
63:
58:
54:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:North Kurdish
3965:
3926:
3919:
3887:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3725:
3713:
3691:
3636:
3627:
3616:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3491:
3314:
3199:
3004:Mesopotamian
2923:
2814:
2795:
2709:
2394:
2347:Languages of
2236:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2171:
2075:
1977:
1970:Bibliography
1948:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1921:
1902:
1896:
1877:
1871:
1852:
1846:
1837:
1827:
1821:(in German).
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1786:
1766:
1759:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1699:
1689:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1552:the original
1547:
1543:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1426:November 26,
1424:. Retrieved
1422:. Ethnologue
1414:
1404:
1402:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1321:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1288:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1226:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1179:
1170:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1147:Salih Muslim
1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1110:
1093:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1030:
969:
930:
913:
897:
871:
860:
852:
844:
836:) provinces.
833:
825:
813:
798:
790:
782:
763:
755:
747:
732:
724:
716:
702:
647:
628:Elî Teremaxî
592:
577:
560:Hasanwayhids
558:such as the
553:
541:
523:
522:
515:
509:
476:
457:
456:
443:
435:is included)
399:
369:Linguasphere
352:
144:
135:Northwestern
120:Indo-Iranian
29:
3921:Old Persian
3753:Mazanderani
3540:Khwarezmian
3425:New Iranian
3415:Old Iranian
2432:Mazanderani
2380:Azerbaijani
2215:Neo-Aramaic
2042:Wîkîferheng
933:Ottoman era
898:Among some
654:unaspirated
632:Ehmedê Xanî
517:Mishefa Reş
495:, northern
491:, northern
4004:Categories
3584:Sarghulami
3504:Yazghulami
3457:Ishkashimi
3329:(Southern)
3317:(Northern)
3299:Literature
3091:Portuguese
2498:Circassian
2046:Wiktionary
1958:9753432208
1517:28 October
1331:1134907656
1095:Ethnologue
1075:3 February
1045:References
979:Circassian
525:Ethnologue
184:Shemdinani
3981:varieties
3968:indicate
3889:Pahlavani
3881:Bakhtiari
3866:Kuhmareyi
3856:Bashkardi
3773:Old Azeri
3477:Sanglechi
3323:(Central)
3308:Languages
3289:Alphabets
2996:Damascene
2983:Levantine
2898:Kabardian
2665:Bulgarian
2010:235541104
1751:150358224
1743:1353-0194
1612:13 August
1590:2051-4883
1391:0385-2342
1235:28 August
971:Bulgarian
953:Armenians
941:Tur Abdin
937:Assyrians
904:glossonym
760:Şanlıurfa
752:Gaziantep
650:aspirated
638:Phonology
598:from the
572:Marwanids
354:Glottolog
338:ISO 639-3
320:ISO 639-1
84:Ethnicity
77:Kurdistan
3910:Hazaragi
3861:Garmsiri
3796:Sangsari
3791:Lasgerdi
3780:Parthian
3758:Tabaroid
3726:Kurmanji
3675:Ashtiani
3644:Yaghnobi
3602:Ossetian
3591:Scythian
3566:Southern
3561:Northern
3533:Bactrian
3482:Sarikoli
3452:Bartangi
3315:Kurmanji
3205:Lomavren
3200:Kurmanji
3190:Assyrian
3167:Armenian
3096:Japanese
2989:Aleppine
2924:Kurmanji
2889:Armenian
2816:Category
2741:Zaza(ki)
2710:Kurmanji
2701:Georgian
2691:Albanian
2651:Armenian
2508:Georgian
2493:Assyrian
2488:Armenian
2395:Kurmanji
2227:Armenian
2196:Kurmanji
2164:Standard
2065:Archived
1802:22 March
1706:23 March
1637:23 March
1561:27 April
1354:19 March
1305:22 March
1271:19 March
1202:19 March
1154:22 March
1126:22 March
1090:Kurmanji
1032:Kurmancî
985:See also
744:Adıyaman
568:Ayyubids
564:Rawadids
505:Khorasan
501:Caucasus
499:and the
458:Kurmanji
400:Kurmanji
375:58-AAA-a
361:nort2641
196:Mihemedi
178:Bayezidi
164:Dialects
145:Kurmanji
53:Kurmancî
47:کورمانجی
35:Kurmanji
3970:extinct
3966:Italics
3951:Badeshi
3895:Persian
3871:Kumzari
3813:Taleshi
3806:Sorkhei
3786:Semnani
3741:Kordali
3721:Kurdish
3715:Gorgani
3693:Daylami
3685:Makrani
3680:Balochi
3660:Western
3638:Sogdian
3597:Alanian
3571:Wanetsi
3556:Central
3546:Parachi
3526:Avestan
3487:Shughni
3472:Roshani
3435:Eastern
3403:History
3294:Grammar
3210:Russian
3101:Russian
3086:Chinese
3066:Italian
3056:Spanish
3051:Punjabi
3041:English
2943:Aramaic
2931:Turkish
2919:Kurdish
2904:Chechen
2731:Romeika
2706:Kurdish
2659:Western
2655:Eastern
2635:Turkish
2551:Russian
2546:English
2518:Jadgali
2467:Semnani
2462:Turkmen
2457:Qashqai
2442:Balochi
2390:Kurdish
2364:Persian
2277:Shabaki
2267:Persian
2232:Turkish
2182:Kurdish
1399:1179060
1225:(ed.).
975:Chechen
900:Yazidis
884:Aksaray
791:Erzerom
787:Erzurum
721:Malatya
586:in the
533:History
512:Yazidis
473:
462:Kurdish
306:Armenia
236:Armenia
190:Shikaki
172:Marashi
140:Kurdish
130:Western
125:Iranian
3944:Others
3851:Achomi
3823:Tatoid
3766:Median
3736:Xwarin
3731:Sorani
3709:Gorani
3704:Gilaki
3618:Jassic
3578:Ormuri
3551:Pashto
3518:Others
3509:Yidgha
3349:Gorani
3327:Xwarin
3321:Sorani
3106:Danish
3081:Arabic
3076:Hebrew
3061:German
3046:French
2953:Turoyo
2909:Domari
2716:Ladino
2696:Domari
2675:Hebrew
2528:Khalaj
2513:Hebrew
2503:Domari
2447:Talysh
2437:Arabic
2427:Gilaki
2417:Gorani
2405:Xwarin
2400:Sorani
2385:Achomi
2272:Hebrew
2190:(Main)
2188:Sorani
2175:(Main)
2167:Arabic
2082:
2008:
1998:
1955:
1933:21 May
1909:
1884:
1859:
1774:
1749:
1741:
1677:
1588:
1405:Ezdiki
1397:
1389:
1328:
1296:
965:Silvan
961:Beşiri
949:Arabic
945:Turoyo
902:, the
882:, and
880:Ankara
830:Batman
828:) and
826:Mêrdîn
822:Mardin
814:Şingal
793:) and
758:) and
748:Semsûr
727:) and
725:Meletî
693:/t͡ʃʰ/
485:Turkey
444:
439:
433:Gorani
427:
425:
418:
416:
410:Sorani
408:
406:
398:
396:
303:
280:Rojava
277:
264:
232:Russia
193:Silivi
187:Badini
181:Hekari
175:Ashiti
72:Region
3915:Tajik
3844:South
3668:North
3607:Digor
3499:Wakhi
3493:Vanji
3467:Munji
3462:Khufi
3444:Pamir
3195:Greek
3111:Dutch
3071:Hindi
3009:Najdi
2978:Shawi
2914:Greek
2670:Greek
2006:S2CID
1838:Rudaw
1747:S2CID
1631:(PDF)
1555:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1395:JSTOR
1221:. In
1196:(PDF)
1189:(PDF)
886:, by
876:Konya
783:Agirî
756:Entab
733:Sêwaz
729:Sivas
717:Meraş
691:with
689:/t͡ʃ/
683:with
675:with
612:Amedi
497:Syria
88:Kurds
3905:Dari
3876:Luri
3830:Zaza
3818:Tati
3746:Laki
3699:Fars
3629:Saka
3612:Iron
3354:Zaza
3333:Laki
2452:Tati
2422:Luri
2410:Laki
2350:Iran
2080:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1935:2019
1907:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1804:2019
1772:ISBN
1739:ISSN
1708:2019
1675:ISBN
1639:2019
1614:2019
1586:ISSN
1563:2013
1519:2017
1428:2023
1387:ISSN
1356:2019
1326:ISBN
1307:2019
1294:ISBN
1273:2019
1237:2013
1204:2019
1156:2019
1128:2019
1077:2018
977:and
963:and
834:Êlih
779:Ağrı
764:Riha
685:/kʰ/
677:/tʰ/
669:/pʰ/
652:and
630:and
616:Akre
614:and
503:and
493:Iraq
489:Iran
471:lit.
234:and
3972:or
2721:Laz
1986:doi
1731:doi
1702:: 6
1379:doi
1092:at
939:in
799:Mûş
795:Muş
785:),
750:),
719:),
681:/k/
673:/t/
665:/p/
345:kmr
230:in
4006::
2657:,
2004:,
1994:,
1980:,
1836:.
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1745:.
1737:.
1727:47
1725:.
1698:.
1605:.
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1580:,
1548:55
1546:.
1542:.
1527:^
1401:.
1393:.
1385:.
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1961:.
1937:.
1915:.
1890:.
1865:.
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1641:.
1616:.
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1565:.
1521:.
1430:.
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1381::
1358:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
