74:
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territory. {...} Long a province of China, Mongolia declared its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. After the
Ministry of the Interior's recent decision to exclude Mongolia from the official ROC map, on 3 Oct, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Taiwan recognizes Mongolia as an independent country – 81 years after Mongolia declared its independence.
827:
788:
473:
897:
In
October 1945, the people of Outer Mongolia voted for independence, gaining the recognition of many countries, including the Republic of China. (...) Due to a souring of relations with the Soviet Union in the early 1950s, however, the ROC revoked recognition of Outer Mongolia, reclaiming it as ROC
665:
In 2002, the ROC reaffirmed its recognition of
Mongolia as an independent country again, and the Mainland Affairs Council issued a statement saying that "Mongolia (formerly known as Outer Mongolia in Taiwan) has never been part of its
318:
refers to the front/south (and thus protected) side of a mountain. So the difference between South
Mongolia and the Mongolian state is conceived as the metaphor of the backward northern side and the south side of a mountain.
223:
because of continued Soviet support to the
Chinese communists. The People's Republic of China continued recognition of the Mongolian People's Republic since 1949, and has established full diplomatic relations with Mongolia.
236:, which corresponds to the region of Inner Mongolia in China. Inner Mongolia was given its name because it was more directly administered by the Qing court; Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital
749:
947:
220:
2214:
2194:
187:
2189:
1496:
287:
Mongolia') is sometimes used in
Chinese and Mongolian languages to refer to North Mongolia when making a distinction with South Mongolia, so as to elide the history of
1094:
2209:
572:) appears to have first appeared at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century. Initially, "Ar Mongol" referred to the Mongols west of the
190:, as an integral part of the state. This is referred to as "Mongolia Area" to distinguish it from Outer Mongolia. Most of Outer Mongolia, however, was under the
647:) began to be used in official documents. In Mongolian reports and documents of the 1900s and 1920s, "Ar Mongol" was used interchangeably with "Outer Mongolia".
733:
73:
2174:
939:
2204:
314:
refers to the back side of something, which has been extended to mean the northern side of any spatial entity, e.g. a mountain or a yurt. The word
219:
recognized
Mongolian independence in 1946 under Soviet pressure, though this recognition was later rescinded by the Kuomintang government in 1953,
1489:
1572:
1087:
968:
2199:
667:
874:
370:. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the "State of Mongolia" (
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1778:
979:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
1482:
1639:
183:
78:
2184:
1080:
821:
782:
743:
2133:
2128:
2123:
693:
Huhbator
Borjigin. 2004. The history and political character of the name of 'Nei Menggu' (South Mongolia). Inner Asia 6: 61-80.
811:
772:
511:
206:
35:
371:
260:
138:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
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1538:
1135:
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601:
486:
288:
195:
106:
66:
1727:
1528:
1330:
210:
199:
1940:
1550:
1286:
501:
1291:
1281:
1448:
171:
Aimag), in the late Qing period, "Outer
Mongolia" was also used to refer to the combined Khalkha and
151:
While the administrative region of Outer
Mongolia during the Qing dynasty only consisted of the four
1442:
983:
913:[Reference materials about the territory of the Republic of China excluding Outer Mongolia]
2179:
1799:
1768:
1701:
1666:
1474:
1166:
718:
1365:
1960:
1686:
1370:
1220:
1170:
884:
856:
612:
552:
547:
531:
307:
366:
Today, "Outer Mongolia" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of
30:
This article is about a historical region of the Qing dynasty. For the present day country, see
1945:
1676:
1533:
1391:
1224:
817:
778:
739:
292:
1204:
57:
Map of Asia in 1914. Mongolia's independence had not yet been widely recognized in the 1910s.
1661:
1603:
1598:
1523:
1116:
630:
581:
426:
401:
331:
323:
198:, which was largely unrecognized internationally. The Republic of China briefly established
110:
96:
910:
41:
1950:
1930:
1737:
1656:
1651:
1422:
1396:
1355:
617:
577:
573:
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491:
291:
and rather imply a geographic unity or distinction of regions inhabited by Mongols in the
176:
164:
152:
145:
1276:
160:
243:
There are three alternate terms, including Ar Mongol, Mobei Mongol, and Outer Mongolia.
1840:
1567:
1386:
1322:
1111:
478:
233:
46:
2168:
2149:
2027:
1955:
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422:
122:
1586:
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1360:
1240:
879:
450:
126:
1049:
Bawden, Charles (1997): Mongolian-English dictionary. London: Kegan Paul. Page 23.
129:
of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of
186:, which had acquired the legal right to inherit all Qing territories through the
17:
1312:
1307:
1214:
1199:
580:
north of the Gobi Desert. In the early 20th century, the name "Outer Mongolia" (
355:
284:
168:
156:
53:
440:
358:
Mongolia'), roughly referring to the region now known as South Mongolia.
2057:
2037:
1864:
1854:
1235:
1186:
496:
430:
1072:
735:
Empire to Nation: Historical Perspectives on the Making of the Modern World
61:
940:"Taiwan Veto Likely; Taipei Regime May Again Bar Outer Mongolia From U.N."
34:. For the former communist state often referred to as Outer Mongolia, see
2077:
2067:
1904:
1894:
1889:
1830:
1625:
1620:
1436:
1345:
1230:
1209:
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1145:
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367:
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130:
31:
576:, but later the scope of reference changed and was used to refer to the
2062:
1965:
1899:
1884:
1879:
1849:
1820:
1815:
1794:
1747:
1691:
1671:
1432:
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1340:
1263:
1181:
237:
215:
860:
850:
704:
2052:
2047:
2042:
1970:
1935:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1825:
1752:
1732:
1722:
1696:
1416:
1412:
1335:
1155:
1140:
1130:
638:
409:
379:
339:
268:
172:
2072:
2032:
1918:
1706:
1452:
1267:
1176:
72:
60:
52:
40:
1350:
134:
1478:
1076:
388:); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian,
656:
Sometimes called "Outer Mongolia" informally in current China.
1062:. Ömnud monggol-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriya. Page 169, 580.
240:) had a greater degree of autonomy within the Qing empire.
875:"Mongolian office to ride into Taipei by end of the year"
732:
Esherick, Joseph; Kayali, Hasan; Van Young, Eric (2006).
1022:. Ömnud monggol-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriya. Page 170.
418:), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region.
205:
over most of the region from 1919 to 1921. After the
738:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 245.
188:
Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor
2142:
2086:
2020:
1979:
1917:
1839:
1808:
1787:
1761:
1715:
1638:
1613:
1585:
1560:
1510:
1405:
1379:
1321:
1300:
1257:
1110:
182:Much of the region was subsequently claimed by the
1505:Defunct Chinese provinces and provincial regions
306:synchronically, during that time period. In the
605:
595:
541:
395:
389:
707:(in Mongolian). Монголын түүхийн тайлбар толь.
2215:Territorial disputes of the Republic of China
2195:States and territories disestablished in 1922
1490:
1088:
1064:ömnud: agula dabagan-u engger tal-a-yin gajar
852:Outer Mongolia and its International Position
421:"Outer Mongolia" is also used sometimes used
232:The name "Outer Mongolia" is contrasted with
8:
816:. City University of HK Press. p. 273.
777:. City University of HK Press. p. 190.
689:
687:
557:
433:to refer to a place that is very far away.
349:
278:
2190:States and territories established in 1644
1923:
1644:
1591:
1516:
1497:
1483:
1475:
1095:
1081:
1073:
77:Location of Mongolia Area as part of the
1030:
1028:
2210:17th-century establishments in Mongolia
683:
523:
302:Ar Mongol can also be used to refer to
175:regions, as well as the directly-ruled
107:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1573:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1809:Special administrative municipalities
1037:Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia
611:
551:
295:. There also exists an English term:
7:
1039:. Clarendon Press. pp. 179–180.
721:. Embassy of Mongolia in Washington.
980:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
121:was the name of a territory in the
982:: 2–6. August 1984. Archived from
25:
950:from the original on 22 July 2018
883:. 11 October 2002. Archived from
830:from the original on 23 June 2021
791:from the original on 23 June 2021
752:from the original on 23 June 2021
2175:Historical geography of Mongolia
471:
457:
443:
87:
2205:1922 disestablishments in China
330:), there is also Monan Mongol (
137:. The historical region gained
1716:Special administrative regions
1007:The Cambridge History of China
643:
414:
400:, instead of just "Mongolia" (
390:
384:
375:
344:
273:
264:
1:
1843:administrative municipalities
322:In contrast to Mobei Mongol (
221:which had retreated to Taiwan
2200:1644 establishments in China
1980:Greater administrative areas
1614:Special administrative areas
1561:Special administrative areas
976:International Boundary Study
133:and the Russian republic of
2220:Historical regions of China
855:. New York: Octagon Books.
606:
396:
207:Mongolian People's Republic
144:from Qing China during the
36:Mongolian People's Republic
2236:
2087:Administrative territories
1406:Mongols in other provinces
911:"有關外蒙古是否為中華民國領土問題說明新聞參考資料"
849:Friters, Gerard M (1974).
621:
29:
1926:
1647:
1594:
1519:
969:"China-Mongolia Boundary"
634:
596:
542:
512:Mongolia–Taiwan relations
405:
335:
327:
209:was founded in 1924, the
81:(claim only before 1946).
69:(North) Mongolia in 1915.
2185:Mongolia under Qing rule
1104:Mongolia under Qing rule
919:Mainland Affairs Council
613:[ɢaˈtaːtˈmɔɴɢɞɮ]
487:Mongolia under Qing rule
109: instead of text in
49:within the Qing dynasty.
1380:Other Mongolian regions
1058:cf. Norcin, C. (1999):
1018:cf. Norcin, C. (1999):
1009:, volume 10, p 49.
978:(173). The Geographer,
917:(in Chinese (Taiwan)).
1301:Western Hetao Mongolia
1035:Bulag, Uradyn (1998).
771:Zhai, Zhiyong (2017).
530:The term "Ar Mongol" (
211:Nationalist government
95:This article contains
82:
70:
58:
50:
1313:Ejine Torghuud Banner
719:"History of Mongolia"
567:back side of Mongolia
502:Outer Northwest China
76:
64:
56:
44:
1361:Altai Nuur Uriankhai
1331:Dörbet (Choros clan)
1277:Tüshiyetu Khan Aimag
1060:Monggol kelen-ü toli
1020:Monggol kelen-ü toli
810:Gao, Quanxi (2016).
703:Ц.Цэрэндорж (2016).
1568:Central Secretariat
887:on 10 February 2009
670:claimed territory."
553:[arˈmɔɴɢɞɮ]
45:Outer Mongolia and
1287:Zasagtu Khan Aimag
1245:Khalkha Right Wing
944:The New York Times
354:'South of the
308:Mongolian language
283:'North-of-the-
83:
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1581:
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1471:
1413:Guihua Town Tümed
1308:Alxa Ööled Banner
1196:Khalkha Left Wing
1136:Dörbet (Borjigid)
946:, 22 April 1961,
548:IPA transcription
352:
297:Northern Mongolia
293:Mongolian Plateau
281:
184:Republic of China
146:Xinhai Revolution
103:rendering support
79:Republic of China
67:Treaty of Kyakhta
27:Historical region
18:Northern Mongolia
16:(Redirected from
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1423:Qinghai Mongols
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507:Outer Manchuria
492:Tannu Uriankhai
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194:control of the
177:Tannu Uriankhai
165:Sain Noyon Khan
116:
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101:Without proper
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2073:Hankou → Wuhan
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627:Tulergi Monggo
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479:History portal
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105:, you may see
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597:Гадаад Монгол
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1788:Provincal fu
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1587:Ming dynasty
1512:Yuan dynasty
1463:Heilongjiang
1433:Old Torghuud
1366:New Torghuud
1323:Khovd region
1258:
1115:(Southern 6
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991:. Retrieved
984:the original
975:
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922:. Retrieved
905:
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889:. Retrieved
885:the original
880:Taipei Times
878:
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451:China portal
423:colloquially
420:
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383:
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362:Modern usage
345:Mònán Měnggǔ
343:
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315:
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296:
274:Mòběi Měnggǔ
272:
257:Mobei Mongol
256:
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200:
196:Bogd Khanate
191:
181:
161:Tüsheet Khan
150:
142:independence
139:
127:Qing dynasty
118:
117:
94:
2143:Territories
1371:New Khoshut
1225:Left Banner
1171:Left Banner
705:"Ар Монгол"
310:, the word
169:Zasagt Khan
167:Aimag, and
157:Setsen Khan
2180:Inner Asia
2169:Categories
1941:Mudanjiang
1800:Shuntianfu
1445:(Xinjiang)
1231:Sizi Tribe
993:2008-06-16
954:5 February
756:5 December
678:References
644:Wài Měnggǔ
397:Mongol Uls
391:Монгол Улс
385:Měnggǔ Guó
65:After the
2099:Chuandong
2058:Guangzhou
2038:Changchun
1961:Songjiang
1865:Guangzhou
1855:Chongqing
1795:Nanjingfu
1728:Dongsheng
1723:Chuanbian
1687:Songjiang
1551:Zhengdong
1392:Dariganga
1236:Muminggan
1187:Ar Horqin
813:政治憲法與未來憲制
543:Ар Монгол
532:Mongolian
497:Dzungaria
431:hyperbole
289:Qing rule
253:Ar mongol
251:The term
247:Ar Mongol
213:of China
2104:Chuannan
2094:Chuanbei
2068:Shenyang
2002:Zhongnan
1946:Pingyuan
1931:Liaodong
1895:Shenyang
1890:Shanghai
1774:Mongolia
1769:Jingzhao
1677:Nenjiang
1626:Nanzhili
1621:Beizhili
1539:Liaoyang
1534:Jiangzhe
1437:Xinjiang
1346:Zakhchin
1210:Khuuchid
1200:Üzemchin
1192:Hexigten
1165:Bairin (
1146:Kharchin
1126:Khorchin
948:archived
828:Archived
789:Archived
750:Archived
592:Cyrillic
586:ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ
437:See also
368:Mongolia
304:Mongolia
201:de facto
192:de facto
155:aimags (
140:de facto
131:Mongolia
32:Mongolia
2109:Chuanxi
2063:Nanjing
1997:Huadong
1992:Dongbei
1966:Suiyuan
1900:Tianjin
1885:Qingdao
1880:Nanjing
1850:Beiping
1748:Suiyuan
1702:Xing'an
1692:Suiyuan
1672:Liaobei
1662:Hejiang
1604:Jiaozhi
1599:Huguang
1545:Lingbei
1524:Huguang
1427:Qinghai
1387:Chakhar
1341:Myangad
1264:Khalkha
1219:Sonid (
1205:Abganar
1182:Ongniud
1117:leagues
834:21 July
795:21 July
631:Chinese
622:ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
561:
425:in the
402:Chinese
372:Chinese
332:Chinese
324:Chinese
261:Chinese
238:Beijing
216:de jure
163:Aimag,
159:Aimag,
153:Khalkha
2150:Chamdo
2129:Wannan
2124:Wanbei
2053:Harbin
2048:Fushun
2028:Anshan
1987:Huabei
1971:Xikang
1936:Liaoxi
1875:Harbin
1870:Hankou
1860:Dalian
1831:Songhu
1826:Hankou
1816:Jingdu
1753:Weihai
1733:Hainan
1697:Xikang
1652:Andong
1417:Shanxi
1336:Khoton
1268:aimags
1161:Naiman
1141:Gorlos
1131:Jalaid
924:22 May
891:28 May
861:211232
859:
820:
781:
774:憲法何以中國
742:
641::
639:pinyin
633::
618:Manchu
588:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
538:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
415:Měnggǔ
412::
410:pinyin
404::
382::
380:pinyin
374::
356:Desert
342::
340:pinyin
334::
326::
285:Desert
271::
269:pinyin
263::
123:Manchu
2119:Sunan
2114:Subei
2078:Xi'an
2033:Benxi
2012:Xinan
2007:Xibei
1951:Qahar
1905:Xi'an
1821:Jingu
1779:Tibet
1762:Areas
1738:Qahar
1707:Zhili
1657:Qahar
1453:Tibet
1249:Ordos
1221:Right
1177:Jarud
1167:Right
1156:Aohan
1151:Tümed
987:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
857:JSTOR
624:ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
602:Latin
518:Notes
429:as a
228:Names
173:Oirat
125:-led
2134:Lüda
1956:Rehe
1841:Yuan
1743:Rehe
1682:Rehe
1667:Hexi
1351:Olot
1241:Urad
1223:and
1215:Abag
1169:and
956:2008
926:2012
893:2009
836:2021
818:ISBN
797:2021
779:ISBN
758:2020
740:ISBN
558:lit.
351:lit.
336:漠南蒙古
328:漠北蒙古
316:öbür
280:lit.
265:漠北蒙古
203:rule
135:Tuva
1919:PRC
635:外蒙古
536:ᠠᠷᠤ
376:蒙古国
255:or
2171::
1266:4
1027:^
974:.
942:,
895:.
877:.
826:.
787:.
748:.
686:^
637:;
629:;
620::
616:;
610:,
604::
600:,
594::
584::
556:,
550::
546:,
540:,
534::
408:;
406:蒙古
378:;
348:;
338:;
312:ar
299:.
277:;
267:;
179:.
148:.
1606:*
1553:*
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590:，
570:'
564:'
394:/
259:(
113:.
99:.
38:.
20:)
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