1332:
363:. The implosive quality is being lost at the velar point of articulation in some dialects (Unseth 1989). There is a series of palatal consonants, including both ejective and implosive. In some dialects, e.g. Sirba, there is a labialized palatalized bilabial stop, as in the word for 'rat' (Unseth 1989).
1377:
Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. "Linguistic variation within Gumuz: a study of the relationship between historical change and intelligibility." M.A. thesis. University of Texas at
Arlington.
1434:
Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. "Linguistic variation within Gumuz: a study of the relationship between historical change and intelligibility." M.A. thesis. University of Texas at
Arlington.
1176:
The labio dental only occurs in rare distribution, and mainly occurs in intervocalic and word-initial positions. It is also possibly introduced via derivation from ideophones.
797:
The tap mainly occurs in morpheme-internal positions, and not in word-initial position. It also occurs as an allophone of /ɗ/ in intervocalic and word-final positions.
330:, discovered in 2013, is clearly a distinct language, though closest to southern Gumuz. The poorly attested varieties in Sudan are likely a distinct language as well,
2109:
1523:
297:, extending north along the border. Dimmendaal et al. (2019) suspect that the poorly attested varieties spoken along the river constitute a distinct language,
1185:
Other labialized consonants tend to occur as a result of velar or uvular consonants preceding weakened short rounded vowels that precede another vowel.
344:
lists Guba, Wenbera, Sirba, Agalo, Yaso, Mandura, Dibate, and
Metemma as Gumuz dialects, with Mandura, Dibate, and Metemma forming a dialect cluster.
347:
Ahland (2004) provides comparative lexical data for the Guba, Mandura, North Dibat'e, Wenbera, Sirba Abay, Agelo Meti, Yaso, and
Metemma dialects.
1496:
1179:
The palatal only occurs word-internally in intervocalic environments, before a palatal consonant, or as an allophone of /n/ before a front vowel.
1424:
Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., 2000. "Number marking and noun categorization in Nilo- Saharan languages". Anthrolopological
Linguistics 42:214-261.
1516:
1475:
1347:, Colleen Ahland & Angelika Jakobi (2019) Linguistic features and typologies in languages commonly referred to as 'Nilo-Saharan',
324:. By that standard, there are two or three Gumuz languages. Grammatical forms are distinct between northern and southern Gumuz.
219:
1388:
Linguistic
Variation Within Gumuz: A Study of the Relationship Between Historical Change and Intelligibility (Ethiopia, Sudan)
2099:
1509:
1266:
A central close vowel may occur in various positions after a shortened /u/ when labializing a velar or uvular consonant.
1298:
In intransitive clauses, subjects in S–V order are unmarked, whereas those in V–S order are marked for nominative case.
2104:
1585:
2114:
1288:
1676:
1633:
2078:
1879:
1869:
1844:
1469:
274:
229:
55:
1408:
Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of
Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.
1934:
1421:
Ahland, Colleen Anne. A Grammar of
Northern and Southern Gumuz. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.
1097:
715:
1944:
1331:
824:
389:
266:
102:
1532:
321:
1962:
327:
969:
567:
356:
2017:
1711:
1663:
1021:
943:
819:
626:
537:
384:
309:
1638:
335:
305:
114:
1166:
A voiced fricative may occur when /ɓ/ tends to weaken in word-final position in some dialects.
1997:
1924:
1914:
1819:
1804:
1776:
1731:
1648:
1566:
1344:
1292:
1117:
1074:
917:
839:
829:
746:
688:
507:
409:
394:
290:
2057:
1809:
1799:
1786:
1726:
1716:
1608:
1598:
1485:
Website maintained by the Gumuz language community with published literature in the language
814:
404:
379:
331:
298:
286:
1182:
only occurs in rare distribution, or when /ŋ/ occurs before a weakened short rounded vowel.
2062:
1992:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1741:
1686:
1623:
1613:
1561:
860:
834:
719:
442:
399:
254:
160:
108:
94:
63:
2027:
2007:
2002:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1919:
1889:
1884:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1746:
1736:
1721:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1643:
1628:
1556:
884:
470:
153:
17:
208:
201:
2093:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2012:
1977:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1874:
1864:
1829:
1794:
1756:
1671:
1618:
1546:
1457:
Unseth, Peter. 1989. "Selected aspects of Gumuz phonology." In
Taddese Beyene (ed.),
1204:
1049:
998:
890:
852:
658:
599:
476:
434:
422:
59:
1929:
1681:
1653:
270:
164:
73:
1295:
case, though there is AOV order in the north, probably from
Amharic influence .
1216:
1199:
1137:
770:
282:
1479:
1324:
1247:
1209:
360:
1319:
1163:
A labialized bilabial plosive tends to only exist in the Sirba Abay dialect.
1231:
1043:
992:
802:
A trill may occur from ideophones or as a result of loanwords from Amharic.
652:
593:
294:
194:
178:
185:
1603:
1464:
Uzar, Henning. 1993. Studies in Gumuz: Sese phonology and TMA system. In
1276:
258:
237:
225:
41:
1501:
1593:
1551:
1459:
Proceedings of the eighth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies
278:
233:
262:
45:
1443:
Bender, M. Lionel. 1979. Gumuz: a sketch of grammar and lexicon.
1160:
A velar implosive tends to only exist in the Agelo Meti dialect.
277:, although a group of 1,000 reportedly live outside the town of
1505:
1461:, vol. 2, 617-32. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies.
281:(Unseth 1989). The Sudanese speakers live in the area east of
1497:
Gumuz basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
1366:
Juan Maria Schuver's Travels in North East Africa, 1880-1883
1484:
236:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
269:
family. Most Ethiopian speakers live in Kamashi Zone and
304:
An early record of this language is a wordlist from the
1450:
Unseth, Peter. 1985. "Gumuz: a dialect survey report."
1439:
Noun incorporation and predicate classifiers in Gumuz
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1263:
Short allophones of /i, e, a, o, u/ can be heard as .
2071:
2050:
1943:
1785:
1662:
1584:
1575:
1539:
192:
176:
171:
150:
132:
91:
79:
69:
51:
37:
32:
265:. It has been tentatively classified within the
1390:. MA thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
1517:
8:
1368:(London: Hakluyt Society, 1996), pp. 340-43
1581:
1524:
1510:
1502:
29:
1349:Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics
1193:
805:
370:
1307:
230:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1315:
1313:
1311:
811:
383:
376:
131:
27:Language spoken in Ethiopia and Sudan
7:
85:Ethiopia: 160,000 (2007 census)
1476:World Atlas of Language Structures
1466:Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics
308:area compiled in February 1883 by
25:
1472:. Hamburg: Helmut Buske: 347-383.
1330:
1:
2110:Subject–verb–object languages
1275:Tones are high and low, with
807:Consonants in Southern Gumuz
372:Consonants in Northern Gumuz
1452:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
1386:Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004.
1245:
1214:
257:spoken along the border of
2131:
1136:
1116:
1096:
1042:
991:
883:
859:
838:
833:
823:
818:
813:
776:
769:
752:
745:
714:
696:
666:
651:
633:
606:
592:
575:
545:
515:
484:
469:
449:
441:
408:
403:
398:
388:
378:
216:
2079:Ethiopian sign languages
275:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
56:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
18:Northern Gumuz language
1437:Colleen Ahland. 2011.
320:Varieties are not all
218:This article contains
2100:Languages of Ethiopia
1533:Languages of Ethiopia
322:mutually intelligible
212: Southern Gumuz
205: Northern Gumuz
87:Sudan: 88,000 (2017)
808:
373:
357:ejective consonants
2105:Languages of Sudan
1540:Official languages
1445:Afrika und Übersee
806:
371:
310:Juan Maria Schuver
2087:
2086:
2051:Foreign languages
2046:
2045:
1345:Gerrit Dimmendaal
1328:(25th ed., 2022)
1293:marked nominative
1260:
1259:
1157:
1156:
1077:
1052:
1024:
1001:
972:
946:
920:
893:
855:
848:
794:
793:
691:
661:
629:
602:
570:
540:
510:
479:
437:
430:
425:
418:
244:
243:
226:rendering support
222:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2122:
1634:Sebat Bet Gurage
1582:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1409:
1406:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1317:
1194:
1073:
1048:
1020:
997:
968:
942:
916:
889:
851:
846:
809:
687:
657:
625:
598:
566:
536:
506:
475:
433:
428:
421:
416:
374:
211:
204:
188:
181:
156:
97:
30:
21:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2115:Bʼaga languages
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2067:
2042:
1939:
1870:Kachama-Ganjule
1845:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
1781:
1658:
1577:
1571:
1535:
1530:
1493:
1478:information on
1431:
1429:Further reading
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1394:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1304:
1285:
1273:
1192:
1173:
828:
393:
369:
355:Gumuz has both
353:
336:Bʼaga languages
318:
255:dialect cluster
224:Without proper
207:
206:
200:
184:
177:
157:
152:
128:
98:
95:Language family
93:
86:
82:
81:Native speakers
64:Blue Nile State
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2072:Sign languages
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1935:Zayse-Zergulla
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1491:External links
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1392:
1379:
1370:
1353:
1337:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1287:Word order is
1284:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
973:
965:
964:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
939:
938:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
887:
881:
880:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
857:
856:
849:
843:
842:
837:
832:
822:
817:
812:
804:
803:
799:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
751:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
727:
724:
722:
712:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
698:
695:
692:
684:
683:
681:
678:
675:
673:
671:
668:
665:
662:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
635:
632:
630:
622:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
608:
605:
603:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
574:
571:
563:
562:
560:
558:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
533:
532:
530:
528:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
503:
502:
499:
497:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
473:
467:
466:
464:
462:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
439:
438:
431:
426:
419:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
387:
382:
377:
368:
365:
352:
349:
317:
314:
249:(also spelled
242:
241:
228:, you may see
214:
213:
198:
190:
189:
182:
174:
173:
172:Language codes
169:
168:
158:
154:Writing system
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
142:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
101:
99:
92:
89:
88:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
49:
48:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2127:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Kacipo-Balesi
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:Wendy James,
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:Both dialects
1170:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
886:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
844:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
801:
800:
796:
795:
790:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
774:
772:
768:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
750:
748:
744:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
728:
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
699:
693:
690:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
674:
672:
669:
663:
660:
656:
654:
650:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
636:
631:
628:
624:
623:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
609:
604:
601:
597:
595:
591:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
572:
569:
565:
564:
561:
559:
557:
554:
551:
548:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
529:
527:
524:
521:
518:
512:
509:
505:
504:
500:
498:
496:
493:
490:
487:
481:
478:
474:
472:
468:
465:
463:
461:
458:
455:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
424:
420:
415:
414:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
366:
364:
362:
358:
350:
348:
345:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
215:
210:
203:
199:
197:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
175:
170:
167:(in Ethiopia)
166:
162:
159:
155:
149:
143:
140:
137:
136:
135:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
96:
90:
84:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
60:Amhara Region
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1967:
1945:Nilo-Saharan
1586:Ethiosemitic
1468:, edited by
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1387:
1382:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1323:
1297:
1286:
1274:
354:
346:
341:
340:
326:
319:
303:
271:Metekel Zone
267:Nilo-Saharan
250:
246:
245:
217:
193:
119:
103:Nilo-Saharan
1860:Hamer-Banna
1470:M.L. Bender
1454:18: 91-114.
1138:Approximant
771:Approximant
283:Er Roseires
232:instead of
2094:Categories
1447:62: 38-69.
1416:References
1325:Ethnologue
367:Consonants
361:implosives
342:Ethnologue
306:Mount Guba
2018:Nyangatom
1963:Daatsʼiin
1915:Shekkacho
1712:Daasanach
1578:languages
1050:voiceless
1044:Fricative
999:voiceless
993:Affricate
970:implosive
891:voiceless
825:Post-alv.
659:voiceless
653:Fricative
600:voiceless
594:Affricate
568:implosive
477:voiceless
390:Post-alv.
351:Phonology
328:Daats'iin
316:Varieties
295:Blue Nile
285:, around
195:Glottolog
179:ISO 639-3
70:Ethnicity
1925:Wolaitta
1805:Bambassi
1777:Xamtanga
1732:Kambaata
1664:Cushitic
1649:Tigrinya
1576:Regional
1567:Tigrinya
1351:, p. 6–7
1277:downstep
1022:ejective
944:ejective
820:Alveolar
627:ejective
538:ejective
385:Alveolar
259:Ethiopia
238:Help:IPA
209:sout3236
202:gumu1244
161:Ethiopic
141:Southern
138:Northern
133:Dialects
42:Ethiopia
2058:English
1885:Koorete
1810:Basketo
1800:Anfillo
1727:Hadiyya
1717:Dirasha
1599:Argobba
1594:Amharic
1552:Amharic
1291:, with
1283:Grammar
1205:Central
1118:Lateral
840:Glottal
830:Palatal
747:Lateral
410:Glottal
395:Palatal
334:. (See
332:Kadallu
299:Kadallu
293:on the
291:Fazoglo
279:Welkite
273:of the
253:) is a
234:Unicode
2063:Arabic
1993:Majang
1787:Omotic
1772:Tsamai
1767:Somali
1762:Sidamo
1752:Qimant
1742:Libido
1687:Arbore
1639:Siltʼe
1624:Mesqan
1614:Harari
1609:Gurage
1562:Somali
1362:et al.
1190:Vowels
1075:voiced
961:(kʼʷ)
918:voiced
815:Labial
689:voiced
555:(kʼʷ)
508:voiced
405:Uvular
380:Labial
287:Famaka
52:Region
2028:Shabo
2023:Opuuo
2008:Mursi
2003:Murle
1998:Meʼen
1988:Kwegu
1983:Kwama
1968:Gumuz
1958:Berta
1953:Anuak
1930:Yemsa
1920:Sheko
1890:Maale
1855:Gayil
1850:Ganza
1840:Dorze
1825:Chara
1815:Bench
1747:Oromo
1737:Konso
1722:Gedeo
1707:Burji
1702:Bussa
1697:Baiso
1692:Awngi
1677:Alaba
1644:Soddo
1629:Muher
1604:Geʽez
1557:Oromo
1480:Gumuz
1320:Gumuz
1302:Notes
1254:a aː
1242:o oː
1236:e eː
1226:u uː
1221:i iː
1217:Close
1200:Front
1032:t͡ʃʼ
1029:t͡sʼ
935:(ɡʷ)
908:(kʷ)
877:(ŋʷ)
861:Nasal
847:plain
835:Velar
720:Trill
680:(χʷ)
637:t͡ʃʼ
634:t͡sʼ
525:(ɡʷ)
494:(kʷ)
459:(ŋʷ)
443:Nasal
429:plain
417:plain
400:Velar
263:Sudan
251:Gumaz
247:Gumuz
165:Latin
120:Gumuz
115:Bʼaga
109:Komuz
74:Gumuz
46:Sudan
33:Gumuz
2038:Uduk
2033:Suri
2013:Nuer
1978:Komo
1910:Seze
1905:Oyda
1900:Nayi
1895:Melo
1880:Karo
1875:Kafa
1865:Hozo
1835:Dizi
1830:Dime
1820:Boro
1795:Aari
1757:Saho
1672:Afar
1619:Inor
1547:Afar
1271:Tone
1248:Open
1239:(ə)
1210:Back
1080:(v)
1009:t͡ʃ
1006:t͡s
983:(ɠ)
885:Stop
871:(ɲ)
853:lab.
729:(r)
726:(ɾ)
694:(v)
610:t͡ʃ
607:t͡s
471:Stop
453:(ɲ)
435:lab.
423:lab.
359:and
289:and
261:and
144:Yaso
1682:Ale
1654:Zay
1322:at
1289:AVO
1232:Mid
1098:Tap
958:kʼ
955:cʼ
952:tʼ
949:pʼ
716:Tap
552:kʼ
549:cʼ
546:tʼ
543:pʼ
338:.)
220:IPA
186:guk
2096::
1395:^
1364:,
1310:^
1279:.
1151:w
1146:j
1124:l
1104:ɾ
1086:ʒ
1083:z
1068:h
1061:ʃ
1058:s
1055:f
978:ɗ
975:ɓ
932:g
929:ɟ
926:d
923:b
911:ʔ
905:k
902:c
899:t
896:p
874:ŋ
868:n
865:m
784:w
779:j
753:l
700:ʒ
697:z
677:χ
670:ʃ
667:s
664:f
576:ɗ
573:ɓ
522:g
519:ɟ
516:d
513:b
501:ʔ
491:k
488:c
485:t
482:p
456:ŋ
450:n
447:m
312:.
301:.
163:,
105:?
62:;
58:;
44:,
1525:e
1518:t
1511:v
827:/
718:/
392:/
240:.
111:?
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.